rome's beginnings
DESCRIPTION
Rome's Beginnings. Chapter 8 Section 1 World History Mrs. Deborah Thompson. Main Idea:. Geography played an important role in the rise of Roman civilization. Rome: The Early Republic. The “heel” points toward Greece and the “toe” toward the island of Sicily. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 8 Section 1
World History
Mrs. Deborah Thompson
Geography played an important role in the rise of Roman civilization.
Italy is a narrow peninsula in the Mediterranean that looks like a high-heeled boot jutting into the sea.
The “heel” points toward Greece
and the “toe” toward the island of Sicily.
Across the top are the Alps, craggy mountains that separate Italy from other European lands.
The Apennine Mountains run all the
way down the boot from north to south.
The Apennines can be crossed more easily than the mountains of Greece.
This resulted in settlements
not split up into isolated communities
like in Greece.
The farmland of these
mountains was better than
those of Greece. (more
food means MORE
PEOPLE!)
Groups from the
north settled in Italy between
1500 B.C. and 1000 B.C.
Newcomers were
attracted to mild climate and
rich soil, and among these were the Latins, who built the city of Rome on the plain of Latium
in central Italy.
People on the Move!
Where was Rome
located?
The site chosen was about 15 miles up the Tiber
River from the Mediterranean Sea.
Rome became a stopping point for people traveling north
and south in western Italy and for merchant ships sailing
in the western Mediterranean Sea.
The Tiber River
was a water source and outlet to
the Mediterranean
Sea.
Rome was built on seven
steep hills, so the
Romans were able
to protect their city from attack.
A bridge over the Tiber River
The traditional story is that twin brothers Romulus and Remus founded the city.
As babies they were abandoned near the Tiber
River and rescued by a wolf and raised by a shepherd.
They decided to build the city in
753 B.C. but fought as Remus made fun of the wall
that his brother was building.
Romulus killed Remus
and then became the
first king of Rome.
Check for UnderstandingTrue or False
1. A myth is a true story. 2. Romulus and Remus were twin brothers.3. The twin babies were thrown into the
river Nile.4. Italy and Greece are both peninsulas. 5. The babies were rescued by a she wolf. 6. Italy has three mountain ranges. 7.The brothers were found by a shepherd.8. The land of Italy is shaped like a glove.9. Remus killed Romulus.10. Rome’s location helped it become a center
for trade.
The other story involves the Aenied written by Roman poet Virgil.
It is the story of the Trojan hero Aeneas. He and his followers are said to have sailed the Med. Sea after the Greeks captured Troy. The Trojans landed at the mouth of the Tiber. Aeneas united the Trojans and the Latins through war and then marriage to the local king’s daughter. He became the “father” of the Romans.
The other story involves the Aenied written by Roman poet Virgil.
It is the story of the Trojan hero Aeneas. He and his followers are said to have sailed the Med. Sea after the Greeks captured Troy. The Trojans landed at the mouth of the Tiber. Aeneas united the Trojans and the Latins through war and then marriage to the local king’s daughter. He became the “father” of the Romans.
Historians think the Latins arrived in the early 1000s B.C.,
tended sheep,
built huts,
and formed a community that eventually became Rome.
After 800 B.C., other
groups migrated to Italy.
From the Greeks the
Romans learned to grow
olives and grapes, the
Greek alphabet,
architecture, sculpture,
and literature.
The Greeks and the Etruscans played a
major role in shaping Roman civilization.
Many Greeks
came when they were building colonies between
750 B.C. and 550 B.C.
were metalworkers who became
rich from mining
and trade
forced slaves to
do the heaviest
work
After 650 B.C. they moved
south and took control
of Rome and most of
Latium.had tomb paintings that show men and women feasting, dancing, and playing music and sports
The Etruscans lived north of Rome in
Etruria .
They left behind They left behind painted scenes painted scenes showing bloody showing bloody
battles and pride battles and pride in their military.in their military.
They had an army They had an army
that served as the that served as the
model for the mighty model for the mighty
army the Romans army the Romans
eventually eventually
assembled.assembled.
They changed Rome They changed Rome from a village of from a village of
straw huts to straw huts to a city with wood a city with wood
and brick buildings, and brick buildings, streets, temples, streets, temples, public buildings public buildings
around a around a central squarecentral square
More on theEtruscans!
They taught They taught Romans new dress Romans new dress
with cloaks and togas with cloaks and togas (loose garments (loose garments
draped over draped over one shoulder)one shoulder)
The Romans created a Republic and conquered Italy. By treating people fairly, they built Rome from a small city into a great power.
The Etruscans ruled
Rome for more than 100 years.
In 509 B.C. the Romans overthrew the Tarquins and set up a republic.
In a republic
the CITIZENS
have power!
The ruling family, called the Tarquins,
grew more and more cruel.
A republic is a form of government in which the leader
is not a king or queen but someone put in
office by citizens with the right
to vote.
At the time Rome
became a republic,
it was still a small city with many enemies.
In 338 B.C., they finally
Defeated the other Latins nearby and
defeated the Etruscans in
284 B.C.
By 267 B.C., the Romans had conquered
the Greeks in southern
Italy and became the masters of
almost all of Italy.
Every male citizen who owned land had to serve in the army.
Discipline was harsh and deserters were put to death.
Remember when I told you That the Romans used Realism
in their sculpture? He is Scary Real!!
The results were …
So this happened …
Then this happened …
And that led to this …
Started with …
They were problem solvers and developed effective military strategies.
Each unit carried its own Each unit carried its own standardstandard-a tall poll -a tall poll with a symbol. The standards helped keep with a symbol. The standards helped keep
units together.units together.
Roman soldiers, or Roman soldiers, or legionarieslegionaries, were armed , were armed with a short sword called a with a short sword called a gladiusgladius and a spear and a spear
called a called a pilumpilum..
At first they fought like the At first they fought like the GreeksGreeks (shoulder to (shoulder to shoulder with spears in hand)shoulder with spears in hand)..
The Roman generals organized soldiers The Roman generals organized soldiers into smaller groups called into smaller groups called legionslegions that had that had
about about 6,0006,000 men. men.
Groups were further divided into groups of 60 and 120 men and could easily cut
through enemy lines.
Rome was able to conquer Italy because the Romans were excellent soldiers.All male citizens that owned land had to serve in the army.Discipline was harsh, and deserters were punished by death.
http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/kids/romancent.htm
Horrible Histories Video
• Conscription
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They built permanent military
settlements in the areas
they conquered.
They built roads between these towns that allowed troops to travel swiftly to any
place in their growing territory.
They created the Roman Confederation to rule their
new conquests.
Romans gave full citizenship to some peoples, especially other Latins.
Citizens could vote and serve in the
government, and they were treated the same
as other citizens under the law.
The Romans granted other peoples the status of allies.
They knew that conquered peoples would be more loyal to the government if they were well treated.
Allies were free to run their own local affairs but had to pay taxes to the republic and provide soldiers for the army.
Romans were not afraid to use force if
necessary to put down any revolt.