Roosevelt and the New Deal

The Great Depression(1929-1941)

Chapter 26, Section 2

Essential Questions:

• Should Rules Ever Be “Bent?”

1932 Presidential Election

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) (Related to Theodore Roosevelt) Won the 1932 Election!

• Democrat!

• Elected in November 1932. Had to Wait Until March 4th, 1933 to Take Office

• 20th Amendment! (Now January)

FDR vs. Hoover

• FDR Gave Americans Hope in His Inaugural Address!

• FDR Was a Democrat: Against Laissez Faire!

• FDR Wanted to Use the Power of the Government to Solve the Great Depression

• Created a “Brain Trust” to Create Solutions to Fight the Depression

FDR’s Inaugural Address• March 4th, 1933

• “Let Me Assert My Firm Belief, That the Only Thing We Have to Fear is Fear Itself.”

• What Was He Trying to Say to the American People?

• You Tube the Speech!

Roosevelt Takes Charge!!!• After Inauguration

Speech at the Capitol, FDR Went Straight Back to the White House

• FDR Skipped All of the Inauguration Balls

• FDR Worked All Night Long With the “Brain Trust” & Congressmen!

3 Immediate Steps!!!• FDR Took 3 Immediate

Actions To Boost the American People’s Confidence!

• Step #1 = The Bank Holiday!

• FDR Shut Down ALL Banks in the United States!

• Step #2 = FDR Promised Only Banks in Good Shape Would Re-Open!

Step #3: The Fireside Chats

• FDR Every Night Would Speak to the Country From the White House

• FDR Would Explain What the Government Was Doing to Solve the Great Depression!

• Made Americans Feel Better & Gain More Confidence that the Government is Doing Something to Help!

• FDR – Great Leadership Skills!

The New Deal • FDR’s Plans to Fight

the Depression

• A Number of Programs to Get People Back to Work!

• If People Get a Paycheck, They Will Spend $$$! Then…

The 100 Days Campaign• Famous Session of

Congress (March-June 1933)

• Every Day FDR Sent Bills to Congress for them to Approve!

• 100 Days Campaign Passed the New Deal, FDR’s Programs to Fight the Great Depression!

The 3 “R’s” of the Hundred Days Campaign!

• Relief = Feed the Hungry and Create Jobs for the Unemployed

• Recovery = Help Agriculture (Farmers) and Businesses

• Reforms = Change the Way the Economy Worked! (Make Sure Depression NEVER Happens Again!)

The New Deal Programs: AAA

(The 100 Days Campaign)• AAA – Agricultural

Adjustment Administration

• Regulated Farm Production and Promoted Soil Conservation

• Paid Farmers Not to Grow Crops! Why Would the U.S. Do That?

The New Deal Programs: CCC

• CCC – Civilian Conservation Corporation

• Hired Young Men to Plant Trees, Build Dams, Work on Conservation Projects

• Gave Men Jobs!

CCC Work Camps in the U.S.

New Deal Program: FDIC• FDIC – Protects/ Insures

the $$$ of Depositors in Banks

• If the Bank Fails, Gets Robbed, Catches Fire, Etc…, The Government Insures Your $$$!

• Insured Up to $100K (Obama has Moved That Up to $250K)

• If People Place $$$ in Banks, Then Banks Can Lend Out Loans to New Businesses = Create Jobs

The New Deal Programs: NRA

• NRA – The National Recovery Administration

• Regulated Industry and Raised Wages and Prices

• The Blue Eagle!

New Deal Programs: PWA

• PWA – Public Works Administration

• Created Jobs By Having People Build Highways, Bridges, Tunnels, and Other Public Works Projects

• Put People to Work!

The New Deal Programs: TVA

• TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority

• Built More Than 40 Dams in Tennessee (Gave People Jobs!)

• Dams Create Hydroelectric Power (Cheap & Clean)

• Energy Bills in Tennessee are about 1/3 Less!

Power Supplied By TVA

The New Deal Programs: FERA

• FERA – Federal Emergency Relief Administration

• Provided Federal Money for Relief Projects to 13 Million Unemployed

• Gave Out Food and Jobs!

Responses to the New Deal:

• Conservatives (Republicans) Thought the New Deal Went to Far! Laissez-Faire!

• Feared U.S. Government Was Getting too BIG!

• Feared U.S. Couldn’t Pay for All of the New Deal Programs! (Raise Taxes!)

• Feared That U.S. Was Moving Towards Socialism! Government Runs Everything Equally!

Responses to the New Deal:

• Huey Long – Senator from Louisiana

• Thought the New Deal Did Not Go Far Enough!

• Wanted Redistribution of All Wealth to All Americans (Everyone Shares All the $$$)

• Wanted Socialism!

Father Charles Coughlin• Wanted the New Deal

to Help the Poor More!

• Socialism!

• Blamed Jewish Followers for the Depression! (Had His Own Radio Show that the Catholic Church Canceled!)

• Racist!

Dr. Francis Townshend• Did Not Like the New

Deal!

• “Father” of the Social Security System

• Wanted the U.S. Government to Give $200 a Month to Every U.S. Citizen Over 60 Years Old (Create a Sales Tax to Pay for it!)

1934 Congressional Election:• FDR Elected in 1932

• House of Representatives Gets Elected Every 2 Year

• Americans Usually Elect the Opposite Party in Congress (President Does Not Get Too Powerful!)

• Americans Elected More Democrats to Congress!!! Showed They Supported FDR and the New Deal!!!

• Democrats Now Had Control of the White House (Executive) and Congress (Legislative)