ROOSEVELT, TAFT, & WILSON Section 3 ALCOS: 2.2, 2.3, 2.6, 3.7 Objectives Students will discuss Theodore Roosevelts ideals on the role of government Students will analyze how Roosevelts actions on natural resources Students will discuss the creation of and the impact of the Panama Canal Theodore Roosevelt ( R ) Life and Career Born New York City October 27, 1858 Died January 6, 1919 Serious Asthma problems Attended Harvard Later attended Columbia School of Law Historian Naval War of 1812 Rough Rider Assistant secretary of the Navy ( ) New York Governor ( ) Presidency Youngest person to serve as President 42 years old Square Deal Various progressive reforms sponsored by Roosevelt Wanted to use the Presidency as a bully pulpit Trustbuster Speak softly and carry a big stick Believed in a powerful federal government Trustbuster Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) Sought to make null and void anything that operates in restraint of trade 1900 trusts control 4/5 of US industries Many practiced unfair business practices Roosevelt first to use Sherman Antitrust Act to apply to a corporation Roosevelt files 44 antitrust suits in his presidency Taft breaks up 90 trusts Northern Securities Company Case (1902) James J. Hill ( Great Northern Railroad ), E.H. Harriman ( Union Pacific Railroad ), & J.P. Morgan ( Northern Pacific Railroad ) Combined to create the Northern Securities Trust Have a monopoly of railroads Controlled 32,000 miles of track 1904 Supreme Court declares NST violates the Sherman Antitrust Act Dissolves the trust United Mine Workers Strike 140,000 mine workers strike 20% pay raise 9 hour work day Right to unionize Winter approaching, shortage of coal Roosevelt calls both sides in to work on a deal Mine operators difficult to deal with Roosevelt threatens to take over the mines Mine workers get a 10% wage increase and 9 hour work day Deal is Done World Map Panama Canal One of the worlds greatest engineering feats Philippe Bunau-Varilla Convinces US to buy claim to canal Two routes Nicaragua & Panama Panama a province of Columbia Bunau-Varilla organizes a Panamanian rebellion November 3, 1903 Panama declares independence US and Panama agree to deal US pay $10 million, plus $250,000 annual rent Work started in 1904 Opened August 15, 1914 Total cost - $380 million Canal Today Canal Construction Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary Monroe Doctrine Demanded that European countries stay out of affairs in Latin America US needed to increase its role as protector of Latin America US has the right to intervene if a nation was victim of unwanted foreign aggression or it was violating the rights of the United States Theodore Roosevelt ( R ) Alton B. Parker ( D ) Platform Supported gold standard Independence for the Philippines Against monopolies Similar platform Called Roosevelt arbitrary and radical Election of 1904 Roosevelt Parker Election of 1904 Theodore Roosevelt ( R ) Alton B. Parker ( D ) Platform Supported gold standard Independence for the Philippines Against monopolies Pop Vote: 7,630,457 Electoral Vote: 336 My dear I am no longer a politcal accident Similar platform Called Roosevelt arbitrary and radical Pop Vote: 5,083,880 Electoral Vote: 140 Election of 1904 Russo-Japanese War Russia and Japan fighting over control of Manchuria and Korea Roosevelt feared this would affect a neutral China Japan destroys a Russian fleet in a surprise attack Japan winning war Running out of soldiers and money Call on Roosevelt to help mediate negotiations Manchuria and Korea Map Treaty of Porstmouth Takes place Portsmouth, New Hampshire (1905) Taft leads the mediation Roosevelt holds first meeting aboard presidential yacht Japan returns northern half of Sakhalin Island Russia returns southern Manchuria to China Recognizes Japanese control of Korea Roosevelt wins Nobel Peace Prize (1906) for his involvement Treaty of Portsmouth US Navy Roosevelt wants to send US Navy on a world tour Claimed it was a practice cruise Was actually to flex the US muscles Sets sail December 1907 Calls on Congress to increase the number of battleships Asks for 4 new battleships, Congress gives him 2 Navy grows from 19,000 men to 45,000 men Add 10 more ships Becomes 3 rd largest Navy in the world Muckrakers Roosevelt gives nickname muckraker Came from characters in Pilgrims Progress who raked filth with muckrakes Upton Sinclair The Jungle Exposed conditions in Chicago meat packing industry Meat Inspection Act (1906) Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) FDA Conservation Sets aside new lands 148 million acres of forest reserves Creates 5 new National Parks 16 new national monuments Newlands Act (1902) Set up the Reclamation Bureau Money for dams, national parks, ect National Forest Service Gifford Pinchot Land Conservation