roots & causes of migration causes, contextual factors and policy “la migración indocumentada...
TRANSCRIPT
Roots & Causes of Migration Causes, contextual factors and Policy
“La migración indocumentada es una forma silenciosa de rebelarse ante una situación
adversa, un gesto colectivo de protesta que, ante la imposibilidad de cambiar el entorno social inmediato, se cambia éste por otro
que resulta más promisorio en el imaginario colectivo.”
“Undocumented migration is a silent form of rebellion to an adverse situation, a collective
gesture of protest to the impossibility of changing their immediate social surrounding; it
is change for something else that seems more promising in the collective imagination.”
Dr. José Luis Soberanes Fernández and Mtro. Juan ArtolaUna vida discreta, fugaz y anónima.
Los Centroamericanos transmigrantes en México
Understanding International Migration
Why do people migrate? Causes behind the complex phenomenon
Factors that promote and sustain migration over time
The relation between causes of migration, contextual factors and policy
International migrants are:
1 out of every 35 people in the world,or 3% of world’s population
Equivalent to population of Brazil, 5th largest country in the world
7.7% of Europe’s population 12.9% of North America’s population 75% of population growth in USA (1995-2000)
89% of population growth in Europe (1990-2000)
Why People Migrate Internationally?Understanding the complex causes behind migration
International Migration
Wage Differential Push and Pull
Labor Market Global Inequalities
Social Networks Family strategies Natural Persecution
Disaster War
POLICIES Transportation/CommunicationRecruiters
Demographics
SmugglersTraffickers
MigrationCulture
Why People Migrate Internationally?Understanding the complex causes behind migration
1. Macro economics and Global forces:a) Push and Pull factors: Wage/employment
differentialsb) Dual Labor marketsc) Globalization: commercial relations,
agrements, etc. d) World system: global inequalities
Why People Migrate Internationally?Understanding the complex causes behind migration
2. Micro process and other factors:a) Localized emigration cultureb) Household strategiesc) Individual decision making-projects
Why People Migrate Internationally?Understanding the complex causes behind migration
3. Persecution, war, violence, etc.a. Refugeesb. Asylum seekersc. Internally Displaced People
4. Natural Disasters, climate change
Why People Migrate Internationally?Understanding the complex causes behind migration
1. Wage / employment differentials (“neo-classical economics,” “human capital” or “push-pull” model)
2. Direct labor recruitment (migration generated by governments and/or private employers)
3. Migrant networks (family ties with people in destination countries; “cumulative causation”
4. Commercial migration industry (organized people-moving by government corporations, private labor contractors/brokers illicit smugglers: “coyotes,” “polleros,” “snakeheads”)
5. Localized “cultures of emigration”
Factors that promote and sustain migration over time
Social Networks (family ties with people in destination countries; “cumulative causation”)
Policies (migration policies, economic measures, bilateral agreements, etc.)
Direct labor recruitment (migration generated by governments and/or private employers
Commercial migration industries (organized people-moving by government corporations, private labor contractors/brokers illicit smugglers: “coyotes,” “polleros,” “snakeheads”)
Demographics Transportation, communication, etc.
Policies & Causes of migration
Explain the behavior you expect in your classroom.
Your class rules might include: Be respectful. Be responsible. Follow directions. Be punctual. Be organized. Be a self-starter. Be prepared.
Refugees and asylum-seekers (“forced migrants”):
13.0 million (2002)
North Korean asylum-seekerstruggles with Chinese police,May 2002
Bosnian refugees, 1999
Get Involved!
List opportunities for parents to become involved in volunteer programs, advisory councils, and the PTA.
Provide sign-up sheets for parents who are interested in helping to plan parties or special projects for your class.
Questions?
Take questions from parents. Ask parents to fill out a questionnaire about their child. Have them describe areas in which they would like to see their child improve.
Have them describe their child's personality, interests, and talents.
Handouts
Translate handouts for parents for whom English is a second language. Handouts might include:
A list of school phone numbers, e-mail addresses, and Web site addresses.
Copies of classroom and school policies. A list of materials that children will need for class.