rough seas ahead for “in-house” data centers - samsung · • koomey, jonathan g., christian...
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Two common ways to use the word “cloud”
• “The cloud”
• “Cloud computing”*
*this is the way I mainly use the term
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Data centers used 1.3% of global electricity and
2% of US electricity in 2010*
*For details see Koomey 2011
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Delivery of IT services is increasing rapidly,
but at the same time…
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
information technology is becoming more energy efficient
at a furious pace
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Example: Servers (via Intel) • Usage Driven • Variable Utilization • Proportional Energy Use • Optimized Efficiency
• Technology Scope: • CPU and Memory • Power Delivery, Fans, etc. • Instrumentation
Approaching “Ideal” Server Behavior Software and workloads used in performance tests may have been optimized for performance only on Intel microprocessors. Performance tests, such as SYSmark* and MobileMark*, are measured using specific computer systems, components, software, operations and functions. Any change to any of those factors may cause the results to vary. You should consult other information and performance tests to assist you in fully evaluating your contemplated purchases, including the performance of that product when combined with other products. Configurations: Dual Socket Server. For full configuration information, please see backup. For more information go to http://www.intel.com/performance
Xeon™ 5160
Xeon™ E5-2660 2012
2006
Data from spec.org
Source: Winston Saunders, Intel
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Data center costs are strongly affected by IT power use, particularly server power
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Low power DRAM and SSDs are worth more than you think
Picture courtesy of Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
What’s 1 W of IT savings worth?
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Infrastructure capital savings apply to new construction or existing facilities that are power/cooling constrained. Those savings total $8.6M/MW for cloud facilities and $15M/MW for others, from Uptime institute. PUE = 1.1, 1.5, and 1.8 for Cloud, New, and Existing data centers, respectively. Electricity price =$0.039/kWh for cloud facilities and $0.066/kWh for new/existing data centers. All costs in 2012 dollars.
In spite of our historical progress, there’s still great potential for
improving the energy efficiency of data centers
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Many efficiency opportunities, particularly in IT equipment
Source: Masanet et al. 2011 Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Improving the energy efficiency of data centers is as much about
people and institutions as it is about technology
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Why asset management is key
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012 Slide courtesy of Winston Saunders, Intel
Lesson 1: Big potential for efficiency
improvements, especially in “in-house” data centers
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Lesson 2: Fixing misplaced incentives is the
most important step toward realizing this potential
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
For users, cloud computing offers infinitely scalable computing on demand
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Power use strongly affects costs for “in-house” IT services (the alternative to relying
on the cloud) AND
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Cloud computing suppliers have at least four big advantages on
power and costs over “in-house” IT
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
1) Diversity: spread loads over many users, improving
hardware utilization
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
2) Economies of scale: implementing technical +
organizational changes is cheaper and easier than for small IT shops
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
3) Flexibility: management of virtual servers easier and
cheaper than physical servers
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
4) Easier for users to shift to cloud providers than to fix the institutional problems in their
internal IT organizations
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
My claim: Powerful economic trends
(driven by these energy advantages) will push users more and more
towards cloud computing
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Big picture: Often better to move bits than atoms
Source: Weber et al. 2010 Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Physical CDs Digital downloads CO2 emissions for downloads and physical CDs
General conclusions • Data centers responsible for about 1.3% of the
world’s electricity use in 2010 (2% for US) • Absolute electricity use has been growing fast but
growth slowed 2005 to 2010 • Delivery of IT services growing faster than electricity
use (so electricity productivity is up!) • The indirect productivity benefits of IT are likely to be
more important than direct electricity use Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Lessons for “in-house” IT • IT system and component efficiency (like from low-power SSDs and DRAM)
matter • “In-house” data centers facing challenges because of
– poor measurement and verification processes – misplaced incentives – competition from cloud and other providers – pressure from the “C-level”
• IT becoming, less general purpose, more custom designed, and closer to tasks (more mobile)
• CIOs moving from “keepers of systems” to “brokers of information services”. Get ready!
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Sign up!: Uptime Server Roundup
• Find and retire comatose servers • Enroll at http://www.uptimeinstitute.com/server-roundup • Submission deadline for this year’s contest: March 1, 2013 • Submitted results can be anonymous • Last time participants retired 20,000 servers and eliminated
5 MW of IT load Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
Key web sites • EPA on data centers + 2007 Report to Congress
http://www.energystar.gov/datacenters • LBNL on data centers:
http://hightech.lbl.gov/datacenters.html • The Green Grid: http://www.thegreengrid.org/ • The Uptime Institute: http://www.uptimeinstitute.org • SPEC power: http://www.spec.org/power_ssj2008/
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
References • Baliga, Jayant, Robert W. A. Ayre, Kerry Hinton, and Rodney S. Tucker. 2010. "Green Cloud Computing: Balancing Energy
in Processing, Storage and Transport." In Press at the Proceedings of the IEEE. <http://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/rtucker/publications/files/Baliga_Ayre_Hinton_Tucker_JRLStrTrans.pdf>
• Barroso, Luzi André, and Urs Hölzle. 2007. "The Case for Energy-Proportional Computing." IEEE Computer. vol. 40, no. 12. December. pp. 33-37. [http://www.barroso.org/]
• Hilbert, Martin, and Priscila López. 2011. "The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information." Science. vol. 332, no. 6025. April 1. pp. 60-65.
• Koomey, Jonathan. 2007a. Estimating regional power consumption by servers: A technical note. Oakland, CA: Analytics Press. December 5. <http://www.amd.com/koomey>
• Koomey, Jonathan. 2007b. Estimating total power consumption by servers in the U.S. and the world. Oakland, CA: Analytics Press. February 15. <http://enterprise.amd.com/us-en/AMD-Business/Technology-Home/Power-Management.aspx>
• Koomey, Jonathan, Kenneth G. Brill, W. Pitt Turner, John R. Stanley, and Bruce Taylor. 2007. A simple model for determining true total cost of ownership for data centers. Santa Fe, NM: The Uptime Institute. September. <http://www.uptimeinstitute.org/>
• Koomey, Jonathan. 2008. "Worldwide electricity used in data centers." Environmental Research Letters. vol. 3, no. 034008. September 23. <http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/3/034008>.
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012
References (continued) • Koomey, Jonathan G., Christian Belady, Michael Patterson, Anthony Santos, and Klaus-Dieter Lange. 2009a. Assessing
trends over time in performance, costs, and energy use for servers. Oakland, CA: Analytics Press. August 17. <http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/ecotech>
• Koomey, Jonathan. 2011. Growth in data center electricity use 2005 to 2010. Oakland, CA: Analytics Press. August 1. <http://www.analyticspress.com/datacenters.html>
• Koomey, Jonathan G., Stephen Berard, Marla Sanchez, and Henry Wong. 2011. "Implications of Historical Trends in The Electrical Efficiency of Computing." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. vol. 33, no. 3. July-September. pp. 2-10. <https://files.me.com/jgkoomey/u0zi7l>
• Masanet, Eric R., Richard E. Brown, Arman Shehabi, Jonathan G. Koomey, and Bruce Nordman. 2011. "Estimating the Energy Use and Efficiency Potential of U.S. Data Centers." Proceedings of the IEEE. vol. 99, no. 8. August.
• Stanley, John, and Jonathan Koomey. 2009. The Science of Measurement: Improving Data Center Performance with Continuous Monitoring and Measurement of Site Infrastructure. Oakland, CA: Analytics Press. October 23. <http://www.analyticspress.com/scienceofmeasurement.html>
• Taylor, Cody, and Jonathan Koomey. 2008. Estimating energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of Internet advertising. Working paper for IMC2. February 14. <http://imc2.com/Documents/CarbonEmissions.pdf>.
• Weber, Christopher, Jonathan G. Koomey, and Scott Matthews. 2010. "The Energy and Climate Change Impacts of Different Music Delivery Methods." The Journal of Industrial Ecology. vol. 14, no. 5. October. pp. 754–769. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00269.x]
Copyright Jonathan G. Koomey 2012