round 1 - sciencebowlquizbowl.files.wordpress.com€¦ · web view[10] another toltec deity assumed...

Partnership for Academic Competition Excellence

NationalScholastics

Championship2005

Round 13

Valencia Community CollegeOrlando, FL

2005 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 13

Related Tossup/Bonus

1. Deities of this culture included Itzamna, who held sway over writing and divination, and Chac, a rain god. The screech owl Muan was one of the deities of its underworld, a place where all humans who died peaceful deaths went. That underworld, Xibalba (sheh-BALL-buh), was the site of the outwitting of the dark deities by the hero twins, Xbalanque (sheh-buh-LAHN-kwey) and Hunahpu. For 10 points, the Popul Vuh is the mythical text of what Meso-American people who worshipped their gods at temples in Tikal and Chichen Itza?ANSWER: Quiche Maya<Borglum>

Bonus: This feathered serpent god of many things was exiled on a raft of snakes, and he was prophesied to return with light skin and a beard. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Toltec deity who became one of the more important gods in the Aztec pantheon, resulting in his confusion with Cortes.ANSWER: Quetzalcoatl[10] Another Toltec deity assumed by the Aztecs was this dark counterpart of Quetzalcoatl who uses his “smoking mirror” to kill his foes.ANSWER: Tezcatlipoca<Dhuwalia>

2. They were always vulnerable to cavalry harassment, as the Athenian one under Nicias discovered in Sicily, and they could not operate on broken ground, as the Spartan one of Sphakteria found twelve years earlier. Named for the Greek for “log” or “beam,” the Athenian general Iphicrates domonstrated their complete vulnerability to light-armed, mobile peltasts in 390 BCE, yet they remained in use due to the ease of teaching their “advance and stab” tactics. For 10 points name this standard battle formation, abandoned by the Romans after the Samnite wars in favor of maniples, which consisted of eight to twenty lines of hoplite warriors.ANSWER: phalanx [prompt on hoplite before “formation” is read]<Kendall>

Bonus: Their name meant “successors” and they included Antipater, Perdiccas, and Craterus. For 10 points each:[10] Give the Greek term for these generals and administrators who scrambled to increase their personal power after the death of Alexander.ANSWER: Diadochi[10] After the death of Antipater in 319 BCE, this man, also known as “the One Eyed,” and his son Demetrius tried to reestablish Alexander’s empire. They were eventually defeated eighteen years later at Ipsus.ANSWER: Antigonus<Berdichevsky>


3. The porous “mull” variety, which is most commonly found in forests, is characterized by an alkaline pH and an abundance of insects, earthworms, and bacteria. In contrast, the “mor” type is more acidic, is found in colder temperatures, and commonly contains fungi and arthropods. The “moder” kind is found in between these extremes, though at the AO horizon, soil is composed purely of this material. For 10 points, name this brown-to-black colored organic matter caused by the microbial decomposition of plants and animals.ANSWER: humus<Chuck>

Bonus: Answer these fun things about eons, eras, periods, and epochs for the stated number of points.[10] In terms of eons, the three usually mentioned are the Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic. But, this eon prior to 4 billion years ago was named in 1972 by Preston Cloud and suggests a Grecian hell.ANSWER: Hadean[5, 5] The current Quaternary Period has only seen two epochs beginning 1.8 million years ago. Name them both, FFPE.ANSWER: Pleistocene and Holocene<Westbrook>

4. The opening line of his “Of Mere Being” lent its name to a posthumously published collection of his works, which included the play Bowl, Cat, and Broomstick and bore the title The Palm at the End of the Mind. He described his poetic philosophy in his Notes Towards a Supreme Collection, and such poems as “Le Monocle de Mon Oncle” and “Sunday Morning” appear in his collection, Harmonium. In one poem he describes a musician who “does not play things as they are” on his colorful instrument; in another he talks about a “roller of big cigars… whip[ping] / In kitchen cups concupiscent curds.” For 10 points, identify this 20th Century Connecticut poet of “The Man with the Blue Guitar” and “The Emperor of Ice Cream.”ANSWER: Wallace Stevens<Douglass>

Bonus: Answer the following questions about an eccentric American author, for 10 points each:[10] He grew up next door to Harper Lee and was the basis for the To Kill a Mockingbird character Dill Harris. His works include the novel Other Voices, Other Rooms and the short story “A Christmas Memory”.ANSWER: Truman Capote[10] This Truman Capote novel deals with the murderous rampage of Perry Edward Smith and Richard Eugene Hickock.ANSWER: In Cold Blood<Douglass>


5. At a cost of twenty million dollars, South Korea is currently transforming their system for this process, but the McCune-Reischauer method is still used in the north. The International Convention of Orientalist Scholars uses DMG system for Arabic, while the US military prefers SATTS. Japanese schoolchildren learn “kunrei-shiki,” but many words are more familiar to Americans under the Hepburn system. For 10 points, name this process of transliterating non-Latinate alphabets, which for Chinese uses either the Pinyin or Wade-Giles system.ANSWER: romanization [accept Latinization before “Latinate” is read]<Weiner>

Bonus: Identify these spacecraft for the stated points.[5/5] NASA recently approved another 18 months’ worth of observations and experiments to be conducted on Mars by these robotic rovers on opposite sides of the planet. Name them for 5 points each.ANSWER: Spirit and Opportunity[10] For 10: Entering orbit on June 30, 2004, this orbiter spacecraft carried the Huygens probe, which was sent to survey Titan’s atmosphere last January.ANSWER: Cassini<Chuck>

6. His classically inspired works include a rendition of a teenage Cupid cavorting nude over a pile of musical instruments, entitled Amor Vincit Omnia, and a portrait of a boy as Bacchus dated 1597. Commissions for the Cerasi Chapel and the Contarelli Chapel shifted his focus to religious subjects, which he treated with his trademark dramatic lighting and emphasis on realism over flattery, as in the 1603 Supper at Emmaus. For 10 points, name this Italian Baroque painter, who produced The Conversion of St. Paul and The Calling of St. Matthew.ANSWER: Caravaggio [or Michelangelo Merisi]<Frankel>

Bonus: Identify the following painting terms for 10 points each.[10] Developed by Caravaggio, this term describes the effect achieved by contrasting very dark and very light regions in a single painting. The name thus combines the Italian words for “light” and “dark.”ANSWER: chiaroscuro (kee ahr oh SKOO ro)[10] In this technique, heavy brush strokes are quickly made on the canvas, so that, when dry, the paint has an observable texture.ANSWER: impasto (eem PAH stoh)<Ismail>

7. Lewis Snyder’s team at the University of Illinois claimed to have discovered this molecule in space. An inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord, it is a co-agonist of glutamate for NMDA receptors. It has an isoelectric point of about 6.06, and strychnine works by blocking its receptors. It makes up about one-third of collagen fibers, and is the only amino acid that is not optically active, due to the simplicity of its R-group. For 10


points, name this nonessential amino acid whose side chain consists of a single hydrogen atom.ANSWER: glycine<Potru>

Bonus: Name these hormones, for 10 points each.[10] Dependent on concentrations of renin and angiotensin II, this mineralocorticoid produced in the adrenal cortex increases sodium and thus water reuptake in the kidneys.ANSWER: aldosterone[10] Secreted by the posterior pituitary, it increases secretion of breast milk and stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor.ANSWER: oxytocin<Potru>

8. His poems “Good Morning Thought,” “Teardrop” and “Blackcurrant River” were published without his knowledge during his time as a gunrunner in Ethiopia. Verdant imagery pervades this man’s poem “Memory,” which recounts the day he first moved to the city, while three loving sisters make up the title group of “The Seekers of Lice.” He wrote many of his poems in the Alexandrine meter including “First Communions,” “Vowels” and a more famous poem about the intoxicating effect liberty has on a seafaring vessel. For 10 points name this poet of “The Drunken Boat” and “A Season in Hell”ANSWER: Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud (rahm bow)<Ismail>

Bonus: French poetry is full of questions. For 10 points each:[10] In this work’s poem “Lesbos,” the poet asks, “Which of the gods will dare to be your judge, Lesbos?” Other sections of this Baudelaire work are Spleen and Ideal and Parisian Scenes.ANSWER: Les Fleurs du Mal [accept The Flowers of Evil][10] This 15th-century Frenchman asked, “Where are the snows of yesteryear?” in his poem “The Ballad of Dead Ladies.”ANSWER: François Villon<Wolpert>

9. Among the building projects undertaken by this monarch were two enormous obelisks, then the largest in the world and still standing in the Red Chamber at Karnak. Ruling under the regnal name Maatkare and clearly attempting to emulate the earlier Sobekneferu, this monarch also sent an expedition to Punt. While archaeologists have recently begun to believe that the erasing of names long blamed on the next ruler actually came much later, someone was clearly offended by such actions as this ruler’s assumption of the title “Pharoah” and the wearing of the ceremonial false beard. For 10 points name this successor of Thutmose I, the most powerful woman to rule Egypt before Cleopatra.ANSWER: Hatshepsut [accept Maatkare before it is read]<Kendall>


Bonus: This son of Amenhotep III and pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty started a religious controversy by promoting monotheistic worship of a disk-shaped sun god. For 10 points each.[10] Name this man who also moved the capital to Amarna.ANSWER: Akhenaten [or Amenhotep IV; prompt on Amenhotep][10] A queen and wife of Akhenaten, she had her face revealed by the excavation of a colorful limestone bust of her at Amarna.ANSWER: Nefertiti<Frankel>

10. Among many proposed causes is a deficiency of cerebral Purkinje cells. A common symptom is echolalia, or automatic repetition of speech. An interest in preserving the external environment and rhythmic body movements also characterize this disorder, categorized with Rett’s and Asperger’s syndromes. For 10 points, name this disorder characterized by delayed development, preoccupation with a specific interest, and impaired communication and social interaction.ANSWER: autism<Connolly>

Bonus: Answer the following about intelligence testing for 10 points each.[10] In 1904, the French Ministry of Education asked this man to devise a method of determining which students would not benefit from normal instruction. To do so, he created the first intelligence test.ANSWER: Alfred Binet[10] The other major set of intelligence tests currently used includes a test for adults, one for children, and one for preschoolers. All include the name of this man, who created an “intelligence scale” with Bellevue and a Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.ANSWER: David Wechsler (weshler)<Connolly>


Category Quiz Tossups

1. One of them, denoted with a lowercase pi, can be calculated from the gas constant, temperature, and concentration of the substance. The extent of two important ones is determined by the product of the molality and the constants denoted k-sub-f and k-sub-b. One of them is the vapor pressure lowering of a solution, as it is dependent on the mole fraction of components present in the solution. Osmotic pressure, freezing-point depression, and boiling-point elevation are all examples of, for 10 points, what kind of property, which is dependent only on the concentration of solute in a solution?ANSWER: colligative properties<Potru>

2. The first of its twelve books describes how the author learned steadiness of purpose from Apollonius, self-government from Maximus, and good morals and the government of his temper from his grandfather Verus. Book Eleven quotes frequently from Epictetus, although the author of this treatise never labels himself a Stoic. For 10 points, what book, probably written during its author’s military campaigns in central Europe during the 170s, elaborates the philosophy of Emperor Marcus Aurelius?ANSWER: the Meditations<Dhuwalia>

3. Early works by this composer include “Tahiti Trot,” “Three Fantastic Dances,” and “Aphorisms.” He incorporated patriotic texts into his second and third symphonies, subtitled “To October” and “The First of May.” His works for the stage include “Hypothetically Murdered,” “The Human Comedy,” and “The Nose.” His symphonies included one inspired by the siege of Leningrad and one labeled “a Soviet artist’s reply to just criticism. For 10 points, name this composer of Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District.ANSWER: Dmitri Dmitreyivich Shostakovich<Ismail>

4. He taught at San Fernando College in Mexico City early in his life, a fact recorded by his biographer and life-long companion Francisco Palou. His conflicts with military commander Felipe de Neve stemmed from his championing of native rights and his willingness to incorporate their customs during his efforts to convert them. He would follow Gaspar de Portola to San Diego, where he began his rigorous trials of self-mortification. He was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1984 at his grave in San Carlos Borromeo, one of the original nine in a system that also included San Juan Capistrano and San Luis Obispo. For 10 points identify this Franciscan who founded numerous missions in California during the eighteenth century.ANSWER: Junipero Serra<Berdichevsky>


5. He wrote “To a Friend (With an Identity Disc)” after being hospitalized for falling into a fifteen-foot hole, and while at a different hospital, he edited the hospital’s literary journal, the Hydra. He uses grotesque images such as “eyeballs, huge-bulged like squids” and “the wild chattering of his broken teeth” to describe the title character’s affliction in “The Sentry.” In hell, a man meets the enemy he killed in his “Strange Meeting,” while he asks “What passing-bells for these who die as cattle” in his “Anthem for Doomed Youth.” For 10 points, name this British anti-war poet, who urged people not to “tell that old lie” about how sweet war is in his most famous poem, “Dulce et Decorum Est.”ANSWER: Wilfred Owen<Wolpert>

6. After Richard Gasquet broke his record for youngest player in the Top 200, he firing his coach and hired Brad Gilbert, and he now works with Dean Goldfine. He beat David Nalbandian and Juan Carlos Ferrero to win his first major title in 2003, and in 2005 he became the first tennis player since Chris Evert to host Saturday Night Live. The holder of the record for fastest serve is, for 10 points, what American?ANSWER: Andrew Stephen Roddick<Phillips>

7. With Ernst Stückelberg, his name graces an interpretation of antimatter that treats antiparticles as normal particles that travel backwards in time. His namesake integral is a term in the perturbation expansion of a scattering matrix element. His namesake propagator is commonly used to calculate probability amplitudes for particle interactions using another namesake, which is basically a finite directed colored graph. For 10 points, name this physicist who shared the 1950 Nobel with Tomonaga and Schwinger for his work on quantum electrodynamics, whose namesake diagrams represent the interactions of elementary particles.ANSWER: Richard Phillips Feynman<Wolpert>

8. They were rendered inconsequential after forces under Ammatus and Gedimer lost at the battle of Tricameron. Many years earlier this people had crossed the Pyrenees, concluded a peace with Honorius, and had begun to expand their holdings under Gunderic. But it was under that man’s successor that they would defeat Boniface, take Hippo, and conquer Rome on the invitation of Valentinian’s widow Eudoxia. For 10 points, name this tribe ruled from Carthage by Gaiseric whose ruthless destruction of the lands they conquered may explain the modern use of their name.ANSWER: Vandals<Berdichevsky>


Boni

Arts: It is an orchestral work by Arnold Schoenberg, one of the few orchestral suites of Gabriel Fauré, and the only opera by Claude Debussy. For 15 points, identify this popular musical title, drawn from a Stephane Mallarmé (MAH lahr may) play about a feud between half-brothers in the fictional kingdom of Allemande.ANSWER: Pelléas et Mélisande [or Pelleas and Melisande]<Ismail>

Current Events: A vaccine based on the RA27/3 strain of this disease can produce antibodies in 95 percent of twelve-month-olds within three weeks. For 15 points, what debilitating virus that causes German measles was recently declared eradicated from the United States?ANSWER: rubella <Chuck>

Geography: The presence of this feature, with a nadir of 433 below sea level, was a major factor in troop movements during the battles of El Alamein. For 15 points, name this large depression in the Libyan Desert in northwestern Egypt.ANSWER: Qattara Depression [or Munkhafad al-Qattarah]<Greenstein>

History: Admiral Makarov was killed at this eleven-month battle that took place at modern Lüshun. For 15 points, Maresuke Nogi was able to win what land engagement of the Russo-Japanese War due to Admiral Togo’s sea support?ANSWER: Port Arthur<Kendall>

Literature: Parallels have been drawn between this novel and the administration of George W. Bush, a characterization its author denies. For 15 points, name this 2004 Philip Roth alternate history that depicts the times of a Jewish family following the election of the anti-Semitic Charles Lindbergh to the Presidency in 1940.ANSWER: The Plot Against America<Greenstein?

Popular Culture: This was the first album its group released following the death of Bon Scott and subsequent addition of Brian Johnson. Released in 1980, it has sold millions on the strength of songs like “Hell’s Bells” and “You Shook Me All Night Long.” For 15 points, what is this AC/DC album?ANSWER: Back In Black<Phillips>

Religion/Mythology/Philosophy: Its members believe in the divinity of the sixth Fatimid caliph, do not permit converts, and are allowed to deny their faith to avoid being killed. For 15 points, name this secretive monotheistic sect that branched off from Islam and is most popular in the mountains of Lebanon.


ANSWER: Druze<Dhuwalia>

Mathematics Calculation: For 15 points, find the x-values of all of the critical points of the function ½x4 + 2x3 - 10x2 - 5 [one half x to the fourth plus two x cubed minus ten x squared minus five]. You do not have to determine what type of critical points they are.ANSWER: x = -5, 0, 2 [any order]<Winkler>

Science: Pyosalpinx, a disorder caused by chlamydia or gonorrhea infection, causes them to become distended due to pus accumulation. Ectopic pregnancy results if a fertilized egg implants itself in one of them. For 15 points, name these conduits that carry egg cells from the ovary to the uterus.ANSWER: Fallopian tubes [accept oviducts]<Wolpert>

Social Sciences: It overturned a three-step procedure for approving abortions that included the approval of a committee and the limitation of abortion to state-licensed hospitals. For 15 points, name this case, decided on the same day as Roe v. Wade.ANSWER: Doe v. Bolton [accept Bolton v. Doe; prompt on Doe]<Weiner>


Stretch Round

1. His early career consisted of working on humanitarian missions in Armenia and the USSR and serving as minister of defense in his country’s agrarian coalition government. Together with Johan Hjort, he founded the Nasjonal Samling party in 1933. King Haakon VII opposed his efforts to seize power, though finally he was able to become premier in 1942. For 10 points, identify this Nazi-backed Norwegian leader whose name has since become a synonym for “traitor.”ANSWER: Vidkun Quisling<Frankel>

Author of works such as Henderson the Rain King and Humboldt’s Gift, he won the 1976 Nobel Prize in Literature. For 10 points each:[10] Name this recently deceased American writer.ANSWER: Saul Bellow[10] This picaresque Saul Bellow novel’s title character drifts through numerous odd jobs in the 1930s, in contrast to his brother Simon, who marries Charlotte Mangus and becomes a wealthy coal dealer.ANSWER: The Adventures of Augie March[10] The title character in this Bellow novel is a college professor named Moses who writes numerous letters addressed to various people, living and dead, that he never sends. Other characters include Moses’ lover Ramona and his daughter June.ANSWER: Herzog<Douglass>

2. He attempted to commit suicide at age 22 by swimming out to sea but turned back after being stung by a jellyfish. He used his experiences teaching at a Welsh private school to write his first novel, which was followed Men at Arms, Officers and Gentlemen and The End of the Battle, the trilogy about Guy Crouchback called Sword of Honour. Tony Last embarks on a trip to South America to escape his wife Brenda in another of his works. For 10 points, name this author of Decline and Fall and A Handful of Dust who wrote of Charles Ryder’s relationship with the Marchmain family in Brideshead Revisited.ANSWER: Evelyn Arthur St. John Waugh<Bykowski>

Bonus: His time at the atashgahs near Baku may have inspired his central metaphor of the eternal flame. For 10 points each:[10] Name this founder of a dualistic religion.ANSWER: Zoroaster [accept Zarathustra][10] The Yasna and Vendidad are sections of this central book of the Zoroastrian faith.ANSWER: Zend Avesta[10] Also known as Angra Mainyu, this chief spirit of darkness and evil is the counterpart of Ahura Mazda.ANSWER: Ahriman<Dhuwalia>


3. He attempted to commit suicide at age 22 by swimming out to sea but turned back after being stung by a jellyfish. He used his experiences teaching at a Welsh private school to write his first novel, which was followed Men at Arms, Officers and Gentlemen and The End of the Battle, the trilogy about Guy Crouchback called Sword of Honour. Tony Last embarks on a trip to South America to escape his wife Brenda in another of his works. For 10 points, name this author of Decline and Fall and A Handful of Dust who wrote of Charles Ryder’s relationship with the Marchmain family in Brideshead Revisited.ANSWER: Evelyn Arthur St. John Waugh<Bykowski>

Bonus: Name these rivers of the Iberian Peninsula for 10 points each.[10] This river, the longest in Spain, rises near the Pico de Los Tres Mares in the Cordillera Cantábrica and passes through Zaragoza before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea at its delta near Amposta.ANSWER: Ebro[10] This second longest river in Spain flows westward across Andalusía, through the cities of Córdoba and Seville and through marshes known as Las Marismas before emptying into the Gulf of Cadiz.ANSWER: Guadalquivir[10] This international river is the longest on the peninsula. It rises in eastern Spain, flows through Toledo, and forms a small part of the Spain-Portugal border before emptying into the Atlantic Ocean near Lisbon.ANSWER: Tagus [or Tajo (TAH-hoh); or Tejo (TAY-zhoh)]<Greenstein>

4. He took music lessons at a synagogue, at Hull House, and under classical instructor Franz Schoepp before developing his “ray,” an infamous icy glare that followed mistakes of fellow performers. In 1926 he joined the Ben Pollack Jazz Band, recorded “He’s the Last Word,” and formed his own band for the radio show Let’s Dance. His success began with performances at the Palomar Ballroom in Los Angeles, and his signature tunes include “Don’t Be That Way,” “Goodbye,” and “Stompin’ at the Savoy.” For 10 points, name this “King of Swing,” an American clarinetist.ANSWER: Benjamin “Benny” David Goodman<Chuck>

Bonus: Including over twenty thousand unemployed veterans, it made its way to Washington under the leadership of Walter Waters. For 10 points each:[10] Name this group of World War I soldiers seeking early payment of their pensions.ANSWER: Bonus Army [or Bonus Marchers ; or Bonus Expeditionary Force][10] This man donned his dress uniform and a riding crop to disperse the Bonus Army. He later commanded the Southwest Pacific Theatre in World War II and the occupation of Japan before “fading away.”ANSWER: Douglas MacArthur[10] The Army was protesting the Senate’s refusal of this bill, which had passed the House and provided for the immediate payment of the bonus.ANSWER: Patman Bill


<Berdichevsky>

5. The Danish pediatrician C.E. Bloch hypothesized its existence based on the work of E.V. McCollum. The carboxylic acid formed from this vitamin is conjugated to glucuronide and secreted into bile, and its esters can be stored in Ito cells or more generalized hepatocytes. Sperm production requires an adequate amount of this vitamin, and deficiency in it can lead to decreased thyroid hormone synthesis, while its aldehyde is a key component of rhodopsin. For 10 points, beta-carotene is a provitamin for what compound also called retinol, whose deficiency can also lead to night blindness?ANSWER: Vitamin A [accept retinol before it is read]<Potru>

Bonus: He is the leader of the Forza Italia party, which takes its name from the fans’ cry for AC Milan, one of many entertainment properties he owns. For 10 points each:[10] Name this prime minister of Italy, who formed a new coalition in April after resigning for three days.ANSWER: Silvio Berlusconi[10] Within four, how many Italian governments have been formed since the end of World War II?ANSWER: 58 [accept anywhere from 54 to 62][10] This former president of the European Commission was once prime minister as the head of the Olive Tree coalition and is now Berlusconi’s rival as the head of Unione.ANSWER: Romano Prodi [or La Mortadella]<Chuck>

6. As part of these tri-partite negotiations, Nagappattinam in India and navigation rights in Moluccas were surrendered to England by the Dutch. British surrender of Tobago and Senegal to France and provisions allowing Spain to keep Minorca and East and West Florida were also included, though the most important points involved access to the Newfoundland fisheries, return of property confiscated from British subjects, and the ownership of Canada. For 10 points, recognition was also extended to a new country in what 1783 resolution to the American war for Independence?ANSWER: Peace of Paris<Kendall>

Bonus: Answer the following questions about Irish literature, for 10 points each.[10] This Irish poet is known for poems such as “Digging” and “Mid Term Break”, works that can be found in his collection Death of a Naturalist along with a widely used translation of Beowulf.ANSWER: Seamus Heaney[10] “Araby”, “Ivy Day in the Committee Room”, and “The Dead” are among the stories contained in this James Joyce collection.ANSWER: The Dubliners[10] Give the first and last name of the cockney flower girl who Henry Higgins attempts to mold into a sophisticated lady in George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion.ANSWER: Eliza Doolittle


<Douglass>

7. Its highest point was once known as Mount Victoria but became Mount Tomanivi after independence. It controls the ethnically distinct island of Rotuma and is coterminous with the Koro Sea. Of this country’s over three hundred islands, arranged in such groups as the Yasawa and Mamanuca, the largest are Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. For 10 points, name this island group in the South Pacific, located east of Vanuatu and south of Tuvalu, still struggling to manage relations between the “Girmitiyas” and natives from the capital of Suva.ANSWER: Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji [or Viti]<Greenstein>

Bonus: For 10 points each, answer the following about a chemical that helps me to write questions: caffeine.[10] Caffeine is a member of this class of chemicals, cyclic organic compounds that contain nitrogen in a negative oxidation state. Named for their basic nature, other examples of them include cocaine and strychnine.ANSWER: alkaloids[10] Caffeine gets its alternate name from the fact that it has three of these groups, which have chemical formula CH3.ANSWER: methyl groups[10] Caffeine keeps people up by blocking receptors of this molecule. It is better known for being attached to three phosphate groups in a biological energy-carrying molecule.ANSWER: adenosine<Wolpert>

8. Aphrodite punished this goddess for sleeping with Ares by giving her a consuming passion for mortal men. Tragic results of that interest included her fatal dalliance with Orion and the murder of Procris by Cephalus. Driven by the horses Lampus and Phaeton, the latter perhaps a poignant reminder of her slain nephew, she is married to Astraeus, to whom she bore Boreus, Notus, Zephyrus, and the star Phosphorus. For 10 points, name this lover of Tithonus, whose immortality without eternal youth led to his shriveling into a grasshopper, the sister of Selene and Helios and goddess of the dawn.ANSWER: Eos<Kendall>

Bonus: Identify these ships in American history, for 10 points each.[10] This British cutter was burned by Abraham Whipple and his force of Rhode Islanders in 1772 to protest the revenue laws.ANSWER: Gaspee[10] Confederate commissioners James Mason and John Slidell were forcibly removed from this ship by Captain Charles Wilkes in 1861, arousing the ire of the British and nearly causing a war.ANSWER: Trent


[10] General Winfield Scott was rushed to the scene in 1837, when British and Canadians loyal to the crown set fire to this small steamer, that had been bringing rebels supplies, and sent her over Niagara falls.ANSWER: Caroline<Berdichevsky>

9. One example is the number of births in a city in a given week, and another is the number of cosmic rays detected in a given area in a day. It justifies the rule of thumb that, if you count N events, the uncertainty in the number is given by the square root of N. Also called the “law of small numbers,” it says the probability that an event occurs N times is given by e to the minus x, times x to the N, divided by N factorial, where x is the expected number of events. Radioactive decay counting is one place where it is commonly found. For 10 points, what is this statistical distribution discovered by a 19th-century French mathematician?ANSWER: Poisson distribution<Reece>

Bonus: Name these musical structures for 10 points each.[10] This is the format for first movements of Classical-period symphonies, and it consists of an introduction, exposition, development, recapitulation, and coda. It can also describe a three-movement work for solo instrument.ANSWER: sonata[10] Unlike the chaconne, this work traditionally in 3/4 time has a “ground” which can be heard in any voice rather than just the bass. Incorporating an “ostinato” theme, it is used a series for piano by Piston, and in the finales of orchestral works by Benjamin Britten.ANSWER: passacaglia[10] This term refers to pieces whose principal goal is to show off the dexterity of the keyboard soloist playing the work, and are often found in the finales of organ suites. It was combined with a fugue in an oft-heard Bach work in D minor.ANSWER: toccata<Ismail>

10. A reading of Kafka inspired his story “The Third Resignation,” and he explored similar themes in “The Other Side of Death” and “Eva Is Inside Her Cat.” In “The Sea of Lost Time” and “Blacaman the Good, Vendor of Miracles,” he emphasizes the use of imagination, as he does in “The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World.” He relates anecdotes about dictators such as Juan Vicente Gomez in Autumn of the Patriarch, and In Evil Hour describes the period of violence in his native country much more bluntly than did his No One Writes to the Colonel. For 10 points, name this author who created the Buendía family and the city of Macondo, the author of Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Love in the Time of Cholera, and One Hundred Years of Solitude.ANSWER: Gabriel García Márquez<Wolpert>


Bonus: This occurs in light when it has its electric vector oriented in a predictable fashion with respect to its direction of propagation. An example is the “glare” of light bouncing off the surface of a waxed car. For 10 points each:[10] Name this optical phenomenon.ANSWER: polarization[10] This law states that polarization of light is maximized when the tangent of the angle of polarization is equal to the refractive index of the reflecting medium.ANSWER: Brewster’s Law[10] This type of crystal, an example of which is transparent calcite, splits the light’s electric vector into two components, causing there to be two different indices of refraction for the two waves.ANSWER: birefringent [accept word forms]<Wolpert>


round 1 - sciencebowlquizbowl.files.wordpress.com€¦ · web view[10] another toltec deity assumed...

Documents