routing and switching

Preface

The Ebook explains the fundamental concepts of routing and switching with case study and examples. Internal analysis of concepts and how routing and switching technologies work in different conditions are understood. This book is recommended for audience who would want to understand the internal working of routing and switching technologies.


Table of Contents

What happens when an IP packet reaches a router

What is the use of subnet mask on a PC.

How does a PC know if the destination is residing on the same or different network.

How does a PC send a packet to the gateway.

How is a packet forwarded on a router.

What happens when a frame arrives on a switch.

What happens when an IP packet reaches a switch port.

How does a PC1 on SW1 communicate with PC2 on SW2.

What happens if the destination is shutdown on a switch.

How is a broadcast frame interpreted by a switch.

How is an IP packet with unknown destination handled by a router.

How does a switch populate a cam table

How is broadcasting handled in a VLAN environment.

How does a switch handle a frame with source and destination mac-address as the same value.

Why is the encapsulation type 802.1q provided with the vlan number when intervlan routing is configured on a router.

How is flooding and broadcasting different from a switching perspective.

What is the difference between a layer 2 and layer 3 broadcast.


How does a router handle a packet with unknown destination address with two default routes.

What happens when two frames arrive simultaneously on two different ports on a switch.

When is a static route configured on a router.

What is required for intervlan communication.

How many broadcast domains are there on a 24 port switch and a 24 port hub

What is the difference between default route and default gateway.

How does routing work

Which connection would be used on a PC with two internet connections

What is gateway in networking

What is the Use of VLAN

How does STP prevent looping

How do Routers populate routing tables for directly connected interfaces


What happens when an IP packet reaches a router

In the above diagram, PC1 is configured with the IP address 192.168.1.2 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0. The router is configured with the IP address 192.168.1.3 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0. When PC1 pings the IP address of the router, the source IP address in the IP packet is 192.168.1.2 and the destination IP address in the IP packet would be 192.168.1.3. The IP packet is encapsulated in an ethernet frame, which would have the source mac-address as that of PC1 and destination mac-address as that of the routers interface configured with the IP address 192.168.1.3. When the packet reaches the router, the router would look into the destination mac-address inside the frame. After verification, the router would look into the destination IP address inside the packet. It would then understand that the packet is intended for itself, and would then process the upper layer of the packet.


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routing and switching

Technology