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Things to know Routing Technologies

1-What is function of RAM, Flash and NVRAM

Ram stores operational information such routing table and the running

configuration file

Flash memory store IOS image

NVRAM hold the startup configuration file where ram holds the runningconfiguration file

Ram contents are lost when the router is powered down or reload

Where NVRAM and Flash memory not

*2-What 3 interfaces you would see on a router.

Serial link, fast Ethernet, console

*3-What is the function of a router

Mange the path along which information is forward with network.

Router is device that forward data between computer networks creating anoverlay inter network.

*4-What is the difference between user mode and privilege mode?

User mode is the first mode a user has access to after logging to the router user

mode can be identified by > prompt.

Privileged mode allow user to view the system configuration by using show

command , restart the system and enter to router configuration and is identified

by # prompt.

5-What is the difference between a static route and a dynamic route?

Static routes are routes that a network administrator manually configures

Advantage Static Routing:

Increases with network size

Administrator intervention required

Suitable for simple topologies

More secure

No extra resources needed

have the lowest administrative distance

Disadvantage Static routing

Impractical on large network

Dynamic routing protocols enable routers to share information about the

reachability and status of remote networks through network discovery.Advantage Dynamic route:

Generally independent of the network size

Automatically adapts to topology changes

Suitable for simple and complex topologies

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Less secure

Route depends on the current topology

Disadvantage Dynamic route

Routing protocol put additional load on router cup/ram

6- What is a Default route and why is it recommended to include one in your

configuration?

A special type of static route specifies a gateway to use when the routing table does not

contain a path to a destination. The command to create a default route is similar to the

command used to create either an ordinary or a floating static route.

*7-Distinguish between the enable password and the enable secret passwordcommand.

Enable password create unencrypted password which showing in clear text when usingshow run command

Enable secret create encrypted password

8- Give an example of a Distant Vector Routing protocol.

Rip v1

Rip v2

Eigrp

9-Give an example of a Link State Routing protocol.

OSPF

10-What is the difference between distance vector routing protocols and link state routing

protocolsDistance vector routing protocols share network information with directly connected

neighbours.

Distance vector protocols usually require less complicated configurations andmanagement than link-state protocols.

Link state routing protocols.Requires more complex network planning and configuration

Requires increased router resources

Requires more memory for storing multiple tables

Requires more CPU and processing power for the complex routing calculations

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11-What is CDP

Protocol in cisco-manufactured equipment, including router, access server

Enable the device to communicate with another device on the LAN

12- Purpose of the DR and BDR and how they elected

DR and BDR is to reduces the number of updates sent, unnecessary traffic flow, and

processing overhead on all routers. This is accomplished by requiring all routers to acceptupdates from the DR only. On broadcast network segments there is only one DR and

BDR. All other routers must have a connection to the DR and BDR. When a link fails,

the router with information about the link sends the information to the DR, using the

multicast address 224.0.0.6. The DR is responsible for distributing the change to all otherOSPF routers, using multicast 224.0.0.5. In addition to reducing the number of updates

sent across the network, this process also ensures that all routers receive the same

information at the same time from a single source.

If the DR fails, the BDR immediately takes over as DR, and a new BDR iselected .

the router with the highest router ID is elected the DR. The second highest is elected asthe BDR.

The router ID is an IP address that is determined by:

1. The value configured with the router-id command

2. If no value is set with the router-id command, the highest configured IP address on any

loopback interface

3. If no loopback interface is configured, the highest IP address on any active physical

interface

The router ID can be viewed using the following show commands:

show ip protocols, show ip ospf, or show ip ospf interface commands.

In some cases, an administrator may want specific routers to be the DR and BDR. These

might be routers with more processing power or lighter traffic load. An administrator canforce the DR and BDR election by configuring a priority using the interface configuration

command: