rozi met

8 Methods of Language Teaching 1. Gr ammar- tr ansl at ion Met ho d 2. Direct Method 3. Au di o- Ling ua l Meth od 4. The Silent Way 5. Sugg est op edia 6. Communit y Lan gu age Learni ng 7. Tot al Physi ca l Res ponse Me tho d 8. The Commun ic at ive Ap pr oa ch • No comp arative study has consistently p roved th e superiority of one method over an other fo r all teachers, all stude nts and all settings . • How a method is manifested in the classroom will depend heavily on the individual teacher’s interpretation of its principles. Grammar – Translation Method • Rea din g pa ss ages an d follo w up q ues tio ns ar e combine d. • Translating litera ry pa ss ag es . • Me mo ri zi ng gr amma r ru le s. • Me mor izi ng nat ive-l anguage equiv ale nts. • The te ac he r co ntrols ever y activit y. • Nat ive lan guage i s used freely in the cla ss. Direct Method • No tra nsla tion i s allo wed . Visu al aid s, rea lia, a nd pa ntomime ar e used to cla rify meani ng. • Students speak a gre at dea l in the t arge t lang uage . Stud ents practi ce ne w wor ds in se nten ces . • Li sten ing an d sp ea ki ng a re e mp ha si ze d. • Grammar is learned induc tiv ely (g eneraliz ing fr om example s). • The teacher is a facilitator. Audio-Lingual Method • Ba se d o n be ha vi or ism (i mi ta ti on). • Lang uag e Le arni ng i s th e ac quis ition of a set of ‘ corr ect hab its’. • The le arne rs rep eat p atter ns (ov er lea rn) u ntil th ey ar e able t o pro duce them s pon taneousl y. • Communicative method. Dialogues; emphasize everyday speech. • Emphasizes listening and speaking skills. Native language is not used. Gattengo’s Silent Way • The le arne rs are resp onsible for th eir own lea rnin g. (fa cilitated self-lear ning ). • Teaching must b e subo rdinated to learn ing and thus th e studen ts are supposed to dev elop the ir own inner criteria for correctness (Language portfolio). • All fou r s kil ls are tau ght fr om the beg inn ing . • Cuisenaire rods. • No tr ansla tio ns , but th e na tiv e lan gua ge is a llo we d to be u sed . Suggestopaedia Lozanov’s Method • Help the s tude nts eli mina te psyc holo gica l barrie rs to learn ing . A great emp has is is put on the stu den ts’ fee ling s. • Learning has two phases: relaxed perception of the target lang uage (music); activation phase (playful learning: dramatizatio n, games, songs, question-answer sessions). • Acc ele rat ed lea rni ng by tap pin g mental powe rs . • The teac her desu ggests neg ative feel ings and limit s to lear ning . • Lear ners le arn in a re laxe d way a nd cho ose a ne w iden tity an d occu pati on in the t arge t lang uag e. • Dialogues, translations and notes in their native language are used. Later translation is used when unavoidable. • Commun it y Lan gu ag e Lea rn in g Curren’s Method • Based on students collaboration. The syllabus is learner generated (the students choose what they want to learn.) • Stu den ts ar e seen holistical ly (i nte llect & f eel ing s). • The s tud ents be come in dep ende nt thr ough 5 spec ifi ed st ages. • Li sten ing an d sp ea ki ng a re e mp ha si ze d. • Nat ive l anguage is used to enha nc e the fee lin g of s ecurit y. • Target language is used progressively. • To ta l Physical Res ponse Asher’s Method • Listening c omprehe nsion is emphasize d. The students have to react to verbal command s. Later the stu dents be come the one s who give commands to each other and to the teacher too. • Pla yf ul meth od, us ing humorous sit ua tiona l ga mes. • Co mmunic ati ve meth od . • It was develo ped to re duc e th e str ess connecte d wi th la ngu age learn ing . Communicative Method • It stresses the nee d to teac h communi cativ e comp eten ce as op pos ed to lin guis tic compete nce . • Fu nc ti on s are emphas ized ov er forms.

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8/3/2019 rozi met

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8 Methods of Language Teaching

1. Grammar-translation Method2. Direct Method

3. Audio-Lingual Method4. The Silent Way

5. Suggestopedia6. Community Language Learning

7. Total Physical Response Method8. The Communicative Approach

• No comparative study has consistently proved the superiority of one method over another for all teachers, all students and all settings.• How a method is manifested in the classroom will depend heavily on the individual teacher’s interpretation of its principles.

Grammar – Translation Method• Reading passages and follow up questions are combined.

• Translating literary passages.• Memorizing grammar rules.

• Memorizing native-language equivalents.• The teacher controls every activity.

• Native language is used freely in the class.

Direct Method

• No translation is allowed. Visual aids, realia, and pantomime are used to clarify meaning.• Students speak a great deal in the target language. Students practice new words in sentences.

• Listening and speaking are emphasized.• Grammar is learned inductively (generalizing from examples).

• The teacher is a facilitator.

Audio-Lingual Method• Based on behaviorism (imitation).

• Language Learning is the acquisition of a set of ‘correct habits’.• The learners repeat patterns (over learn) until they are able to produce them spontaneously.

• Communicative method. Dialogues; emphasize everyday speech.

• Emphasizes listening and speaking skills. Native language is not used.

Gattengo’s Silent Way• The learners are responsible for their own learning. (facilitated self-learning).

• Teaching must be subordinated to learning and thus the students are supposed to develop their own inner criteria for correctness

(Language portfolio).• All four skills are taught from the beginning.• Cuisenaire rods.

• No translations, but the native language is allowed to be used.

Suggestopaedia Lozanov’s Method• Help the students eliminate psychological barriers to learning. A great emphasis is put on the students’ feelings.

• Learning has two phases: relaxed perception of the target language (music); activation phase (playful learning: dramatization, games,songs, question-answer sessions).

• Accelerated learning by tapping mental powers.

• The teacher desuggests negative feelings and limits to learning.• Learners learn in a relaxed way and choose a new identity and occupation in the target language.

• Dialogues, translations and notes in their native language are used. Later translation is used when unavoidable.

• Community Language Learning

Curren’s Method

• Based on students collaboration. The syllabus is learner generated (the students choose what they want to learn.)

• Students are seen holistically (intellect & feelings).• The students become independent through 5 specified stages.

• Listening and speaking are emphasized.• Native language is used to enhance the feeling of security.

• Target language is used progressively.

• Total Physical Response

Asher’s Method

• Listening comprehension is emphasized. The students have to react to verbal commands. Later the students become the ones who givecommands to each other and to the teacher too.

• Playful method, using humorous situational games.

• Communicative method.• It was developed to reduce the stress connected with language learning.

Communicative Method• It stresses the need to teach communicative competence as opposed to linguistic competence.

• Functions are emphasized over forms.