rp: bangladesh: padma bridge project...resettlement plan june 2011 ban: padma bridge project updated...

Resettlement Plan June 2011

BAN: Padma Bridge Project Updated RAP III (River Training Works) Prepared by Bangladesh Bridge Authority for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 27 June 2011)

Currency unit – Taka (BDT) BDT1.00 = $0.0135098622

$1.00 = BDT74.020000

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank ADC – Additional Deputy Commissioner AR – approach road BBA – Bangladesh Bridge Authority BCL – Bangladesh Consultants Limited BEF – bridge end facilities BIDS – Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies CCL – cash compensation under law CEGI – Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information

Services COD – cut-off date CMP – current market price CONGO – coordinating nongovernment organization CPR – common property resources CSC – Construction Supervision Consultant DC – Deputy Commissioner DD – Deputy Director – RU DDT – Detailed Design Team DOF – Department of Forest EA – Executing Agency EMA – External Monitoring Agency EP – eligible persons FGD – focus group discussion FS – feasibility study FSDR – final scheme design report GOB – Government of Bangladesh GRC – Grievances Redress Committee HARD – Human Resources Development ID – Identity Card IDB – Islamic Development Bank INGO – Implementing NGO IOL – inventory of losses ILRG – income and livelihood restoration grant ILRP – income and livelihood restoration plan IVC – Inventory Verification Committee JICA – Japan International Cooperation Agency JAMB – Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project LA – land acquisition LAP – land acquisition plan LAR – land acquisition and resettlement MARV – maximum allowable replacement value M&E – monitoring and evaluation

MIS – management information system MOC – Ministry of Communication NGO – nongovernment organization PAP – Project affected persons PCR – physical cultural resources PHAP – public health action plan PMO – Project Management Office POE – panel of experts PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRA – participatory rapid appraisal PVAC – Property Valuation Advisory Committee PWD – Public Works Department RAC – Resettlement Advisory Committee RAP – resettlement action plan RS – resettlement site RTW – river training work ROW – right-of-way RU – resettlement unit RV – replacement value SA – service area SAP – social action plan SC – supervision consultant SDF – social development fund SLAO – special land acquisition officer TGB – target group beneficiaries TP – toll plaza TOR – terms of reference UP – Union Parishad WB – World Bank

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

km – kilometer m – meter

GLOSSARY

Affected Ppersons or Project affected person (PAP/PAP)

– Persons affected directly or indirectly by project-induced changes in use of land, water, or other natural resources are called PAPs. In other words, a person who as a consequence of the changes sustains (a) damages by reason of severing land, or (b) loss of immovable property in any manner, or (c) experience loss of income and livelihood. Such impacts may be temporary or permanent in nature and most often occurs through land expropriation using eminent domain or direct purchases for development projects

agricultural labourer

– A person who earns his/her livelihood mainly from manual labour engaged in agriculture practices. The non- agricultural labourer includes artisans and other occupational groups such as masons, potters, cobblers,

barbers, etc census survey – A survey covering 100% households being affected by the

project, irrespective of their ownership into the land. compensation – Payment in cash or kind (for example land-for-land) to the

PAPs as per LA Act. community

participation and consultation

– The active process of sharing information seeking inputs from community about the project, seeking community-wide inputs, and integrating those in the project design as well planning mitigation measures.

cut-off dates – Date of notification under Section 3 of 1982 Ordinance is the cut off date for title owners. The Census will be considered cutoff date for all others, including non-title holders for resettlement benefits.

displacement – Refers to physical displacement in terms of physical dislocation

displaced persons

– A person who is compelled to change or relocate his/her place of residence and/or work or place of business, due to project construction.

eminent domain

– Regulatory authority of the government to obtain land for public purpose use and/or private sector development projects under the 1982 Ordinance or other laws of the land.

entitlements – Range of measures comprising of compensation resettlement benefits, including shifting allowance, subsistence, and relocation which an PAP is entitled to, depending on the nature of losses, to restore and/or improve the living standards.

gender equity – Equal recognition of both genders in the provision of entitlements, treatment and other measures under the Resettlement Plan.

head of household

– One who makes major decisions within the family structure and generally lead the family as the principal provider.

household – A household unit includes family members who share food from the same kitchen. In the project area, it consists of parents with children living together as an economic and production unit.

host population – Community residing in or near the area to which affected people are to be relocated. Host communities should also be project beneficiaries for better host-resettlers integration.

indirectly affected people

– Those likely to lose subsistence or income due to project intervention without loss of any physical assets. A clear definition of indirectly affected people must be based on a careful review and assessment of indirect impacts of the project as well as economic displacement due to loss of land, access to land as well as forest resources, commercial establishments and any other impacts such as severance that adversely affects lives and livelihood sources.

Inventory of losses

– In an erosion-prone area and due to piecemeal acquisition, Inventory of Losses (IOL) prepared for a section of project

Verification Committee (IVC)

may change as people move with the erosion and acquisition. A committee headed by Executive Engineer (Resettlement), with Representative of respective DC and Resettlement Specialist of the Management Consultants as members to verify the IOL established through census wherever necessary.

person(s) having usufruct rights

– The right to use land belonging to others – for example, lease from government department or agency or individuals.

Poor women–headed household

– Poor households where a woman decides on the access to and the use of the resources of the family. In resettlement context, women-headed households and/or widows also suffer from lack of labour for relocation purposes.

public disclosure

– Process of disclosing and sharing project impacts with affected people and disseminating amongst them information on their entitlements, compensation, R&R measures and project timeline, etc.

Project-affected area

– An area under the project, declared by the Government, where land is being acquired under Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance– II of 1982 or any other Act in force or an area not acquired, but affected by the project and its related activities.

relocation – Rebuilding housing, assets –including productive land, and public infrastructure, in a new location to build their capacity to deal with resettlement.

rehabilitation – Re-establishing incomes, livelihoods, living and social systems.

resettlement action plan (RAP)

– A time- bound action plan with budget setting out resettlement impact strategy, objectives, entitlement, actions, implementation responsibilities, monitoring and evaluation.

resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R)

– Resettlement refers to rebuilding housing, assets, including productive land and public infrastructure in another location while rehabilitation means restoration of income, livelihoods, and re-establishment of socio- cultural system.

Replacement Value

– The costs of replacing lost assets (e.g., land, houses/structures, trees and crops) and income, including cost of transaction.

right-of-way – Demarcated land proposed for infrastructure development. social

preparation – The process of consultation with affected people,

undertaken before key resettlement decisions are made, infrastructure, a structure, in a new location.

Uthuli (also called Nodibashi)

– People displaced by flood/erosion, who live on land provided by neighbour or relative free of cost.

vulnerable person

– The vulnerable group/persons may include (i) persons below nationally defined poverty line; (ii) indigenous people or adibasis; (iii) poor women-headed households; (iv) landless and marginal farmers; (v) people with disability (vi) elderly and (vii) any other groups or persons found to be disproportionately affected by project impacts.

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ vi

CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................... 1

PROJECT OVERVIEW AND RAP III .................................................................................... 1

1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Project Background................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Project Benefits & Adverse Impacts ....................................................................................... 2 1.4 Measures to Minimize Impact ................................................................................................. 3 1.5 Approach adopted towards safeguard issues ........................................................................ 3 1.6 Description of RTW ................................................................................................................. 4 1.7 Objective of RAP III................................................................................................................. 6

CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................... 7

SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILES OF THE AFFECTED POPULATION .................................. 7

2.1 Project Area ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 General Profile of three Districts ............................................................................................. 7 2.3 Socioeconomic Profile of Affected Population ...................................................................... 10 2.3.1 Demographic Information ..................................................................................................... 10 2.3.2 Level of Education ................................................................................................................ 11 2.3.3 Occupational Profile .............................................................................................................. 11 2.3.4 Level of Income of Affected Population ................................................................................ 12 2.3.5 Poverty Status ....................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.6 Migration ............................................................................................................................... 13 2.4 Gender Status ....................................................................................................................... 14 2.5 Gender impacts of the Project .............................................................................................. 15 2.6 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 15

CHAPTER 3 ......................................................................................... 17

IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................................ 17

3.1 The Project Impacts .............................................................................................................. 17 3.2 Scope of Land Acquisition .................................................................................................... 18 3.4 Impact on Agricultural Land .................................................................................................. 18 3.5 Project induced Displacement .............................................................................................. 19 3.5.1 Gender Disaggregated data of the Displaced Households .................................................. 19 3.5.2 Type of Affected Structures .................................................................................................. 20 3.5.3 Tenancy of Affected Structures ............................................................................................ 20 3.5.4 Ownership of Land by Owners of Affected Structures .......................................................... 20 3.5.5 Construction Type of Affected Structures ............................................................................. 21 3.6 Affected Trees ....................................................................................................................... 21 3.7 Impact on Wage Earners ...................................................................................................... 22 3.8 Vulnerability Status of Affected Households ......................................................................... 23 3.9 De-acquisition and Erosion of Land after Acquisition Notification ........................................ 23 3.10 Post-Project Impact............................................................................................................... 23

CHAPTER 4 ......................................................................................... 24

CONSULTATION, DISCLOSURE AND PARTICIPATION................................................... 24

4.1 Project Stakeholders ............................................................................................................. 24 4.2 Stakeholders‟ Attitudes towards the Project ......................................................................... 25 4.3 Consultation Process adopted in PMBP ............................................................................... 26 4.3.1 Public Consultation and Participation during Feasibility Study ............................................. 26 4.3.2 Consultations during PPTA Studies...................................................................................... 28 4.4 Disclosure and Consultation on River Training Works ......................................................... 28

ii

4.5 Additional consultations on revised RTW ............................................................................. 30 4.6 Environmental Assessment Consultative Process ............................................................... 32 4.7 Public Disclosure of RAP III .................................................................................................. 32 4.8 Strategy for Community Consultation and Participation during implementation .................. 33

CHAPTER 5 ......................................................................................... 34

POLICY FRAMEWORK, ENTITLEMENTS AND RELOCATION ......................................... 34

5.1 Legislations Governing Land Acquisition in Bangladesh ...................................................... 34 5.2 Resettlement Experience in Bangladesh .............................................................................. 34 5.3 Harmonization with Co-financing Policies ............................................................................ 35 5.4 Resettlement Policy Framework for the Project ................................................................... 35 5.5 Cut-off Dates ......................................................................................................................... 36 5.6 Valuation of Assets ............................................................................................................... 37 5.7 Resettlement Eligibility and Entitlements .............................................................................. 37 5.7.1 Eligibility Criteria ................................................................................................................... 37 5.7.2 Compensation and Entitlement Policy .................................................................................. 38

CHAPTER 6 ......................................................................................... 48

RELOCATION, SITE DEVELOPMENT AND RESETTLEMENT.......................................... 48

6.1 Displacement and Relocation ............................................................................................... 48 6.2 Social Preparation for Relocation and Resettlement ............................................................ 48 6.3 Preferred Option for Relocation ............................................................................................ 49 6.3.1 Self-Managed Resettlement by Affected Households .......................................................... 50 6.3.2 Small Group Resettlement .................................................................................................... 50 6.3.3 Host Community Facilities .................................................................................................... 50 6.3.4 Relocation to Project-Sponsored Sites ................................................................................. 51 6.4 Resettlement Site Selection and Development .................................................................... 51 6.4.1 Participation and Site Development ...................................................................................... 51 6.4.2 Plot Sizes and Allocation ...................................................................................................... 53 6.5 Relocation Choices and plot allocation in RS – an Update .................................................. 54 6.6 Gender Planning and other vulnerable groups ..................................................................... 55 6.7 Relocation of Physical Cultural Resources ........................................................................... 56 6.8 Mawa Fish Market Relocation .............................................................................................. 60 6.9 The Cobbler Community and their Relocation Choices........................................................ 60 6.10 CEMP and Public Health Action Plan ................................................................................... 62

CHAPTER 7 ......................................................................................... 63

INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION PROGRAM (ILRP) ...................................... 63

7.1 Impacts on Income................................................................................................................ 63 7.2 Approach towards Income and Livelihood Restoration ........................................................ 63 7.2.1 Short-term Income and Livelihood Restoration Measures ................................................... 64 7.2.2 Long-term Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan ................................................................ 66 7.3 Needs Assessment and Feasibility Study for viable income and livelihood restoration

options .................................................................................................................................. 67 7.4 Institutional Arrangement for ILRP ........................................................................................ 69

CHAPTER 8 ......................................................................................... 70

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR RAP III IMPLEMENTATION ................................ 70

8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 70 8.2 Institutional Framework for RAP III ....................................................................................... 70 8.3 Roles and Responsibilities .................................................................................................... 72 8.3.1 Role of the Executive Director .............................................................................................. 72 8.3.2 Role of the Project Director ................................................................................................... 72 8.3.3 Role of Resettlement Unit (RU) ............................................................................................ 74

iii

8.3.4 RU – Role of the SE (Resettlement) ..................................................................................... 75 8.3.5 Role of Executive Engineer - Resettlement .............................................................................. 76 8.3.6 Role of Deputy Director – M&E ................................................................................................. 77 8.3.7 Functions and Powers of Assistant Engineer - Resettlement .............................................. 78 8.3.8 Functions of Sub-Assistant Engineers .................................................................................. 78 8.3.9 Role of Deputy Commissioners‟ Office(s) ............................................................................. 78 8.3.10 Role of Implementing NGOs ................................................................................................... 79 8.3.11 Role of Project Consultants .................................................................................................... 79 8.3.12 Role of External Monitoring Agency ..................................................................................... 79 8.4 Resettlement Management Committees .............................................................................. 79 8.4.1 Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC) .................................................................. 80 8.4.2 Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) ................................................................................. 81 8.4.3 Inventory Verification Committee (IVC) ................................................................................ 84 8.4.4 Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) ............................................................................ 84 8.5 Capacity Building for Resettlement Management ................................................................ 86 8.6 Implementation and Monitoring Database ............................................................................ 87 8.7 RAP-III Implementation Schedule ......................................................................................... 87

CHAPTER 9 ......................................................................................... 90

LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT COSTS ....................................................... 90

9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 90 9.2 Budget ................................................................................................................................... 90 9.3 Replacement/Market Value Land and Assets ...................................................................... 92 9.3.1 Replacement Value of Land ..................................................................................................... 92 9.3.2 Replacement Value of Structures ............................................................................................. 93 9.3.3 Market Value of Trees .............................................................................................................. 94 9.3.4 Market Value of Crops .............................................................................................................. 95 9.4 Provisions of Resettlement and Rehabilitation Assistance................................................... 95 9.4.1 Additional Assistance ............................................................................................................ 95 9.4.2 Dislocation Allowance ........................................................................................................... 95 9.4.3 Allowance for Loss of Access to Eroded Land ..................................................................... 96 9.4.4 Transfer Grant ....................................................................................................................... 96 9.4.5 Reconstruction Grant ............................................................................................................ 96 9.4.6 One Time Special Assistance ............................................................................................... 96 9.4.7 Income and Livelihood Restoration Grant ............................................................................ 96 9.4.8 Livelihood Regeneration and Social Risks Management ..................................................... 97 9.5 Approval of the Resettlement Budget ................................................................................... 97 9.6 Management of Resettlement Fund ..................................................................................... 98 9.7 RU Capacity Building ............................................................................................................ 98

CHAPTER 10........................................................................................ 99

MONITORING AND EVALUATION ..................................................................................... 99

10.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 99 10.2 Objectives of M&E ................................................................................................................ 99 10.3 Stages of M&E .................................................................................................................... 100 10.4 M&E Indicators .................................................................................................................... 101 10.5 Monitoring Levels and Hierarchy ........................................................................................ 102 10.5.1 Internal Monitoring .............................................................................................................. 102 10.5.2 External Monitoring ............................................................................................................. 102 10.5.3 M&E by Panel of Expert (PoE) ........................................................................................... 103 10.5.4 M&E by Co-financiers ......................................................................................................... 103 10.6 Methodology and Approach ................................................................................................ 103 10.7 Institutional Arrangements for M&E .................................................................................... 104 10.7.1 Office of the Project Director ................................................................................................. 104 10.7.2 Independent External Monitoring Agency ............................................................................. 104 10.8 Reporting Requirements ..................................................................................................... 105

iv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Social Action Plan: Key Documents ...................................................................... 4

Table 1.2: Scope of Land Acquisition in the RTW ................................................................. 5

Table 1.3 Summary Profile of Affected Population in RAP III (Revise ??) ............................. 6

Table 2.2: Land Use in Project Districts ................................................................................ 8

Table 2.3 Ownership Pattern of Agricultural Land in Project Districts .................................... 8

Table 2.4: Medical facilities in Project districts ...................................................................... 9

Table 2.5: Educational Infrastructure in Project district ........................................................ 10

Table 2.6 Distribution of Affected Populations by Age by District ........................................ 10

Table 2.7 Marital Status of Affected Population (15 years and above) ................................ 11

Table 2.8 Level of Education of Affected Population (7 years and above) ........................... 11

Table 2.9 Primary Occupation of Affected Population (15 years and above) ....................... 12

Table 2.10 Average Per Capita Income (Taka) of PAPs by Occupation and District ........... 12

Table 2.11 Level of Per Capita Income of Affected Households by District ......................... 13

Table 2.12 Poverty Level amongst Affected Household ...................................................... 13

Table 2.16 Migration for Wage Earning in Impact Area Households .................................... 14

Table 3.1: Categorywise Impacts of the RTW on Affected Population ................................. 17

Table 3.2 Distribution of Affected Land for RTW by District ................................................. 18

Table 3.3 Extent of Income Impacts from loss of Agricultural land ....................................... 19

Table 3.4 Gender Division and Relocation Needs of Affected Population............................ 19

Table 3.5 District wise Impact on Structures ....................................................................... 20

Table 3.6 District wise Tenancy of Affected Structures by Households ............................... 20

Table 3.7 Ownership of Land by Owners of Affected Structures ......................................... 21

Table 3.8 Quantity of Affected Main Structures (Floor Area in sft) by District ...................... 21

Table 3.9 Number of Trees affected in RAP III .................................................................... 22

Table 3.10 Number of Trees affected in RTW by District and Size ...................................... 22

Table 3.11 District wise Project Impact on Wage Earners ................................................... 22

Table 3.12 Vulnerable Affected Households by District ....................................................... 23

Table 4.1 Classification of the Project Stakeholders ............................................................ 25

Table 4.2 Identification of Losses and Recommended Entitlements .................................... 27

Table 4.3 Summary of the Consultations undertaken on River Training Work ..................... 29

Table 4.4 Summary of Additional Consultations and Disclosure Meetings on Revised RTW30

Table 5.1 Eligibility and Entitlement Matrix .......................................................................... 38

Table 6.1 District wise Distribution of Affected Structures ................................................... 48

Table 6.2 District wise Distribution of Affected Structures ................................................... 49

v

Table 6.3: Relocation Preferences of the Displaced Households ........................................ 50

Table 6.4 Potential Relocation of PAPs at Resettlement Sites ............................................ 52

Table 6.5: Principle for Allotment of Household plots .......................................................... 53

Table 6.6 Plot Size Distribution by Site and Category ......................................................... 54

Table 6.7 Distribution of Affected Community/PCR Structures by District ............................ 58

Table 6.7 Socio-economic situation of the community ......................................................... 61

Table-6.8 Relation between the Household heads of the cobblers ...................................... 62

Table 7.1: Types of Income impacts on Affected Households ............................................. 63

Table 7.2: Preferred Options for Livelihood Restoration by PAHs ....................................... 64

Table 9.1: Summary Land Acquisition and Resettlement Budget ........................................ 91

Table 9.2: Replacement Value (BDT) of Acquired Land for RTW ........................................ 93

Table 9.3 Replacement Value of land (BDT/Acre) by Type ................................................. 93

Table 9.4 Replacement Value of Affected Structures .......................................................... 94

Table 9.5 Market Value of Trees on Acquired Land (in BDT) .............................................. 95

Table 9.6 Compensation for Standing Crops ....................................................................... 95

Table 10.1 Reporting Cycle/Frequency ............................................................................. 106

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 - The Project Map ................................................................................................. 2

Figure 1.2 - Location and Design of RTW Other Components ............................................... 5

Figure 4.1 Consultations in the Charlands at group and community level within the project zone of influence in the last quarter of 2009 .................................................................. 29

Figure 4.2 Consultation meetings held with various stakeholders and affected persons during May 2011 at Mawa and Janjira sides. ............................................................................ 31

Figure 6.1 Sample layout and design of the Resettlement site ............................................ 53

Figure 6.2 Photograph of some of the affected Community structures in RTW acquisition .. 59

Figure 7.1: Institutional Arrangement for Income and Livelihood Restoration Program........ 69

Figure 8.1 Project Management Organizations in BBA ........................................................ 71

Figure 8.2 RU Organization Structure ................................................................................. 73

Figure 8.3 RAP Implementation Arrangement ..................................................................... 85

Figure 8.4 - RAP III Implementation Schedule..................................................................... 88

Figure 10.1 Monitoring and Evaluation .............................................................................. 105

vi

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A. The Project The Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (PMBP) will provide direct connectivity between the central and southwestern part of the country through a fixed link on the Padma River on Mawa-Janjira points. This project is co-financed by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB), the World Bank (WB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) is the executing agency (EA) of the Project. The Project covers three districts – Munshiganj (Mawa/North bank) and Shariatpur and Madaripur (Janjira/South bank). The bridge is designed to be an approximately 6.15 km long fixed crossing double deck steel bridge over the River Padma with provisions for a four lane divided motorway, a rail line, gas pipeline, optic fiber cable and power transmission lines on the bridge. A pre-feasibility study1 was carried out in 1999, followed by a JICA-funded Feasibility Study (FS)2 in 2005 for preparation of the Padma Bridge. The FS formed the basis for the Government to proceed with the current detailed design3 and construction plan for the bridge. B. Overall Project Benefits & Impacts It is expected that the Project will bring direct economic and social benefits to some 30 million people of the Southwest region of the country. The distances of almost all the major destinations in the region from Dhaka will be reduced by 100 km or more and hauling time of vehicles will reduce by over 3 hours each trip resulting in huge fuel saving and passenger time-saving through the implementation of this Project. Quick transportation of agricultural and other produces to Dhaka market will fetch better farm-gate prices. Obviously, this will bring in positive economic impact on trade, transportation, agriculture, education, health, and all other sectors, and eventually on life and livelihood of the people in the region and the nation as a whole. In addition, people moving to resettlement sites will greatly improve the living environment since many civic amenities and social infrastructure would be made available. Aother notable benefit is that the poor and highly vulnerable households, who so far did not have a secured tenure, would for the first time be provided with titled land (housing plots), economic stability and improved quality of life at the resettlement sites.

The project impacts have been documented at various stages of project preparation by JICA4, BBA,5 and ADB.6 According to the most recent studies and estimates,7 a total of 15,400 households will be affected by the Project. This includes 9,273 project affected households (PAH) incurring impact on agricultural land and 5,750 PAHs losing structures (housing and commercial) due to acquisition and 377 PAHs losing their structures temporarily due to requisition of land. It is estimated that a total of 2,882 households/persons will be losing wage employment and income temporarily. In all, it is estimated that about 76,000 persons will be affected directly and indirectly by the Project in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts. A total of 1093.15 ha of land will be adversely affected, as per detailed design, for various project components. Of the total affected land, it is estimated that 507.32 ha would be acquired for River Training Work (RTW). The Main Bridge components (construction of approach road, service area and toll plaza) would entail acquisition of 326.66 ha of land. A total of 68.32 ha of land has been acquired for 4-resettlement sites for relocation of Project affected households and businesses. A total of 80.23 ha of land will be acquired for the construction yard on the Mawa site. Apart from land acquisition, 110.35 ha land (10% of the total affected land) would be requisitioned for Janjira Construction Yard for a period of 6 year. After six years, on completion of the Project, this land shall be duly returned to the land owners.

1 Padma Bridge Study: Pre-Feasibility Report (Vol. VI/Annex G - Resettlement Policy and Data), RPT/ Nedeco/BCL, February 2000. 2 Feasibility Study of Padma Bridge in Bangladesh – Final Report (Nippon Koei Co. Ltd, 2005). 3 ADB Loan BAN: 35049-02 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design (formerly Padma Multipurpose Bridge Engineering TA Loan), 2009. 4 Environmental and Social/Resettlement Report, Vol. VII (Nippon Koei Co., 2005) 5 Land Acquisition Plan, and Resettlement Action Plan (BBA, 2006). 6 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (ADB PPTA 4652 BAN: Preparing the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, Jan 2007). 7 BIDS Census Survey, July-Aug 2009, Feb 2010 and Dec ’10 – Feb’11

vii

C. Approach adopted towards Safeguard issues

The Padma Bridge is a large, complex and challenging Project. Thus, the social and resettlement safeguard issues necessitate attention to physical and economic displacement, consultation & participation, gender, livelihoods, public health and up/downstream impacts on the char land settlements, including management and monitoring of any other unanticipated impacts of the project. The accelerated program and a phased construction for - (i) the Main Bridge, BEF (bridge end facilities) and Approach Road, and (ii) RTW for bank protection8 add to this complexity. In addition to advance requirement of resettlement sites, two construction yards have also been placed in the priority before the main construction components. Accordingly, BBA has agreed with the Co-financiers that the RAPs and other social safeguard documents to be delivered in a phased manner but “packaged” under the umbrella of the Social Action Plan (SAP) for the Project, covering all safeguard aspects, including institutional and implementation arrangements. The SAP is guided by the national laws and policies and Co-financiers social safeguard policies. This RAP III has been prepared and updpated to address and mitigate the impacts of the River training works (RTW) in the Project. For meeting the World Bank processing timeline, a draft RAP III was prepared based on the feasibility level data on RTW collected in 2006 under ADB PPTA. This RAP has been updated based on BIDS census (Feb 2011) of affected households losing their housing, business and common property resources within the acquisition boundary of the adopted RTW design. The RAP-III will further be updated by sections during the river training implementation works. D. Resettlement Impacts for RAP III

The total land required, as per the feasibility study and detail design considerations for the various project components, is 1093.15 ha. Of the total 1093.15 ha, 507.32 ha would be acquired for RTW, which is 46% of the total acquired land. This RAP is the updated RAP-III based on the BIDS Census Survey of February 2011 on the RTW boundary as per the final design. It has also used data on affected wage earners from the ADB PPTA Study of 2006. The survey brought forth that a total of 5,486 households would be affected as a result of river training work. The impacts of the components covered in RAP III (shall largely include loss of land (residential and commercial); structure (residential, commercial and PCR) income and livelihoods (owners, wage earners). Table A below presents a summary of the Project impacts included in RAP III. A detailed description of the project impacts has been discussed in Chapter 3 of this RAP.

Table A Summary Profile of Affected Population in RAP III Description Units Quantity %

Total Project Affected Persons (PAPs) Persons 28,656 100 PAPs losing structure (housing & commercial) Persons 20,524 72

PAPs losing agricultural land Persons 6,355 22

PAPs to be relocated Persons 17,339 61

PAPs losing wage income Persons 1,777 6

Total Project Affected Households (PAH) Households 5,486 100

PAH losing structure (housing & commercial) Households 4,189 76

PAHs losing agriculture land Households 1,297 24 PAHs losing businesses Households 897 16 PAHs requiring relocation and/or resettlement Households 3,539 65 Affected vulnerable households Households 1,249 23

Source: ADB PPTA LARP, 2006 and BIDS Census Survey, February 2011

8 Although the civil works will be introduced in phases, they will run concurrently to be able to complete the bridge construction and RTW by 2013.

viii

E. Measures to Minimize Impacts All necessary efforts have been made in order to minimize the Project impacts on assets and avoid disruption of livelihoods, as far as possible. In order to minimize impacts to the maximum possible extent, adequate provisions have been incorporated into the planning and design of the Project to minimize or mitigate any unavoidable impacts. Extensive consultations have been conducted with the affected communities and people in the Project areas to take in their views and incorporate the same in the Project design, as far as possible. Technical and Social team have worked together to reduce the social impacts of the Project by means of both design adaptation and innovative technical solutions. The detail design of RTW have taken into account the social and environmental impacts and concerns and adjusted to adopt the most optimul design. F. Objective of RAP III RAP III is guided by the legal instrument governing land acquisition in Bangladesh, the Acquisition

and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982 (Ordinance II with amendments in 1989, 1993, and 1994), supplemented with the special ordinance for the Project, the Padma Multipurpose

Bridge Project (Land Acquisition) Act, 2009 (Act 31) and the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1951 (Section 7). RAP III also complies with co-financiers safeguard policies including ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009, JICA (former JBIC) Guidelines for Confirmation of Environmental and Social Considerations, 2002, and World Bank Guidelines OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, 2003 and OP 4.11 - Policy on Physical Cultural Resources, 2006. The primary objective of this RAP is to identify impacts and to plan measures to mitigate various losses of the affected persons resulting from the RTW. As stated earlier, in the absence of a detail design, this RAP is based on the general findings of the census survey by BIDS during Dec‟10 – Feb‟11, field visits, meetings and consultations with various project-affected persons in the Project area, conducted as of today. The RAP III presents (i) type and extent of loss of assets, including land and structures; (ii) principles and legal framework applicable for mitigation of these losses; (iii) the entitlement matrix, (iv) R&R budget; and (v) institutional framework for the implementation of the plan, including monitoring and evaluation. G. Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RAP

The public consultation process in the project area was initiated in 1999 as part of the first pre-feasibility study. The process continued under the JICA-funded Feasibility Study (2003-2005), at the preparation of RAP, LAP and EMP by the BBA (then JMBA) during 2005-2006 and during project preparation technical assistance study by ADB in 2006. The project-affected persons (PAP), particularly those in the corridor of impact, were consulted in designing the resettlement policy framework and entitlements. The consultation process was further intensified during the detailed design period through formal and informal meetings, village level workshops and disclosure of project impacts to the affected households. The primary objective of these meetings was to explain the RTW options to the local population vis-à-vis the RTW option proposed during the feasibility study. These consultations meetings were helpful in understanding the behavior of the river “without the Project”. The overall impacts of the RTW on both sides have been discussed with the affected area population. A final round of consultation was held in May 2011 for updating this RAP where the finally adopted RTW design was disclosed to the affected people. The summary and overview of the consultations held during the project preparation period and detailed design are detailed in Chapter 4.

The summary of this revised RAP III will be translated into Bangla and will be made available to the affected people by the Executing Agency (EA) prior to implementation. However, the RAP-III will be furher updated section by section for legally recognized losses and verification and confirmation of inventory of losses as per resettlement framework.

ix

H. Relocation and Livelihood Restoration Taking into account the severity of impact, the RAP has provided for adequate provisions for alternative income generating/skill development and other enabling strategies whereby PAPs can either continue their previous occupation, initiate new venture or undertake an alternative occupation. The basic objective behind the livelihood restoration activities and schemes is to improve or atleast restore the economic status of the PAPs enjoyed prior to the project, which also complies with the co-financiers safeguard policies on involuntary resettlement. In order to achieve that the project will adopt a two-fold approach with regard to livelihood restoration comprising of short term intervention for income restoration and long term (10 years intervention) for sustainable livelihood restoration. A dedicated Social Development Fund (SDF) has been allotted for undertaking the long term program In order to come up with appropriate relocation options with minimum disruption of the way of life of those displaced, the potential resettlers and host populations were consulted to understand their choices or options for relocation as well as during selection of sites both in Mawa and Janjira. Based on the feedback received during these consultations, RAP III provides three options to displaced households for resettlement - namely a) self-managed resettlement; b) small-group resettlement; and c) relocation to project-sponsored resettlement sites. In keeping with the same, adequate support provisions have been integrated into the project entitlements matrix for the displaced households. I. Institutional Arrangement and Grievance Redresses Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA)9 under the Bridge Division of the Ministry of Communications (MOC) is representing the Government of Bangladesh as the Executing Agency (EA) of the PMBP. A Project Management Office (PMO), headed by a Project Director (PD), has already been set up within BBA for execution of the PMBP. A Resettlement Unit (RU) has been established within this PMO, which is responsible for implementation of RAP III - compensation disbursement and resettlement of the project affected peoples (PAPs) including livelihood restoration, public health security and gender equity management in the process of construction of the bridge and resettlement of PAPs. The RU is headed by a Superintending Engineer (Additional Director - Resettlement) and has field offices at both Mawa and Janjira, headed by an Executive Engineer (Deputy Director – Resettlement) each. An Executive Engineer has also been put in place for Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) of the implementation of the Safeguard Plans as the Deputy Director – M&E. A Safeguard Department has been proposed within BBA with separate Environmental and Resettlement Units.10.In addition, NGOs will have a key role to play in the RAP implementation. An experienced NGO for implementation of the RAP has already been mobilized by BBA. RAP III implementation will be undertaken in a participatory manner with representation of all key stakeholders namely - the government, local elected representatives, community and the affected persons. Selected representatives from appropriate stakeholders will be absorbed in various resettlement management committees. A Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC) at the Upazila level will be formed for determination of replacement market value of land and assets for compensation. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) for each union will be formed for addressing grievances of the affected persons in the resettlement process. Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) will be formed to facilitate BBA in timely relocation of PAPs from the required land and assist delivery of project sponsored resettlement benefits as designed in RAP. Besides, to identify the quantity and quality of affected properties concretely, an Inventory Verification Committee (IVC) will be formed.

9 Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) (formerly Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Authority) was created by Ordinance No XXXIV of 1985 on 4 July, 1985. The objective of Ordinance was to construct a Multipurpose Bridge over the mighty River, Jamuna. It was further amended in November 23, 1998 (Act. XXI of 1998)]. In order to maintain consistency, the government has changed it’s name to Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA). 10 An advertisement has been floated for recruitment of staff consultants with BBA and three (3) Senior Resettlement Specialists so recruited will be assisting the RU under a Safeguard Manager (chief of consultants with the Safeguard Department).

x

At the BBA level, some capacity building initiatives such as - analysis of existing capacity, staff development and training needs – have already been undertaken by the Social/Resettlement Advisor11 to BBA. DD Consultant will conduct short-term resettlement management trainings and workshops, involving related agencies and field staff dedicated to RAP implementation, to build their capacities on social safeguard issues. In addition, a set of operational guidelines and a handbook will be prepared to guide the field staff for consistent applications of the policies and practices. J. Budget The total estimated cost of implementation of RAP-III is BDT 8916 million (US$ 122 million). The budget includes BDT 6964 million for replacement value of land, structures, trees and crops; BDT 39 million for relocation of housing and businesses, BDT 160 million for rehabilitation of affected households, BDT 671 million for host area facilities and land development cost for group reocation, and BDT 271 million for institutional capacity building, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. K. Monitoring and Evaluation BBA will establish a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system for collecting, collating and analyzing information on RAP implementation in a systematic and continuous manner and identify the limitation of the process. Monitoring will be done both internally and externally to provide feedback to BBA as well as to assess the effectiveness of the RAP policy and implementation. Internal monitoring will be carried out by BBA at three consecutive stages of the process of RAP implementation namely – a) RAP apprehension or preparatory stage, b) relocation stage and c) rehabilitation stage. The Project Director (PD) will carry out internal monitoring through the Deputy Director - M&E with the help of the implementing NGO and the construction supervision consultant (CSC). Internal monitoring will comprise of monitoring both the process and output indicators. A progress and performance monitoring software will be developed to get monitoring output on a regular basis. Internal monitoring reports on RAP III implementation will be included in the quarterly Project Progress Report (PPR) of the BBA. External monitoring will be carried out periodically for review and assessment of resettlement implementation, verification of the results of internal monitoring in the field and recommending adjustment in delivery mechanisms and procedures, as necessary. External monitoring will be independent of the BBA RU and will be carried out by an External Monitoring Agency (EMA). The external monitoring will be carried out on a quarterly basis. Further, mid-term and final evaluations will also be undertaken to assess the achievement of the RAP objectives against the performance impact indictors. In addition, Panel of Experts (POE) with nominated members from co-financiers, comprising of international and national technical experts, will commission periodic monitoring and evaluation of RAP III implementation. POE monitoring will focus on achievement of the targets of process indicators within agreed timeframe. The Head of RU will prepare monthly progress reports on resettlement activities to PD, PMBP. PD will submit quarterly reports to the co-financiers. The EMA will submit bi-annual review reports directly to the co-financiers detailing whether resettlement goals have been achieved and more importantly whether the livelihoods and living standards of the PAPs have been restored/enhanced and suggest suitable recommendations for improvement of the same.

11 The advisor was hired under the World Bank Project Preparation Facility and the services of the advisor have concluded on 21 January 2010.

CHAPTER 1

PROJECT OVERVIEW AND RAP III

1.1 Introduction The updated RAP III has been prepared to address the impacts of River Training Works (RTW) in the Project assessed based on final RTW design. In absence of final RTW design, a draft RAP-III was prepared as of 15 September 2010 based on ADB PPTA data (2006) for meeting the World Bank processing timeline along with RAP I covering the four Resettlement Sites and RAP II covering the Main Bridge and Approach Roads. RAP-I was approved in 2009 for disclosure and implementation as a priority and RAP-II was released for implementation in October 2010 only. Subsequently, two additional RAPs namely RAP-IV (Janjira Construction Yard) and RAP-V (Mawa Construction Yard) were prepared and approved by the Bank for disclosure and implementation. This RAP represents the RAP-III updated based on census of affected households losing structures following the adopted RTW design. The census survey was conducted by Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) during the period from 14 December 2010 to 28 February 2011.

1.2 Project Background The Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (PMBP) will provide direct connectivity between the central and southwestern part of the country through a fixed link on the Padma River on Mawa-Janjira points. This project is co-financed by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB), the World Bank (WB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) is the executing agency (EA) of the Project. The Project covers three districts – Munshiganj (Mawa/North bank) and Shariatpur and Madaripur (Janjira/South bank). Once the bridge is built, travel among all major cities and ports on both sides of the River Padma will be faster and easier, in turn benefitting not only the relatively undeveloped southwestern region, but also the country as a whole. The bridge lies on the Dhaka-Kolkata (India) route and will also form an integral part of the Asian Highway and Euro-Asian railway network systems. The whole country is going to enjoy uninterrupted transport network and mainstream with the international corridor augmenting international trade and balanced regional development with addition of this longest bridge of this country. The bridge is designed to be an approximately 6.15 km long fixed crossing double deck steel bridge over the River Padma with provisions for a four-lane divided motorway, a rail line, gas pipeline, optic fiber cable and power transmission lines on the bridge. A pre-feasibility study12 was carried out in 1999, followed by a JICA-funded Feasibility Study (FS)13 in 2005 for preparation of the Padma Bridge. The FS formed the basis for the Government to proceed with the current detailed design14 and construction plan for the bridge. The feasibility level design has undergone a number of changes at the detail design stage including changes in length of the bridge for shifting of bankline on the Janjira side due to riverbank erosion, and additional land acquisition for accommodating for railway approach and stations on both sides of the river and a roundabout at the junction of the approach road with the national road no. 8 on the Janjira side.

12 Padma Bridge Study: Pre-Feasibility Report (Vol. VI/Annex G - Resettlement Policy and Data), RPT/ Nedeco/BCL, February 2000. 13 Feasibility Study of Padma Bridge in Bangladesh – Final Report (Nippon Koei Co. Ltd, 2005). 14 ADB Loan BAN: 35049-02 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design (formerly Padma Multipurpose Bridge Engineering TA Loan), 2009.

2

The bridge components, as per current scheme design, consist of: (i) a 6.15 km long rail-ready bridge including bridge end facilities (BEF) like 2 toll plazas and 2 service areas for construction management and tourism in post-construction period; (ii) transition structures that include road and rail viaducts from the bridge to the approach roads (The road viaduct in Mawa is 1 km while the Janjira road viaduct is 0.87 km. The length of the rail viaduct is 3 km in Mawa and 4 km in Janjira with new railway stations at both ends); (iii) a 13.97 km of 4-lane divided highway including 6 small bridges over local waterways, 7 road underpasses and 14 drainage culverts; (iv) access roads of 8.86 km and service roads of 14.5 km; and (v) a round-about connecting the bridge to N 8. The project boundary also includes 4 resettlement sites15 (2 in Mawa and 2 in Janjira side) for relocation of affected households and business enterprises and the river training works comprising (i) 2.0 km protection work on the Mawa side and (ii) 11.6 km protection work on the Janjira side. A project boundary was hence established following the feasibility study for land acquisition adjusted and revised following the final detailed engineering design of the project (see Table 1.1). Figure 1.1 below presents the project boundary and highlights various project components.

Figure 1.1 - The Project Map

1.3 Project Benefits & Adverse Impacts It is expected that the Project will bring direct economic and social benefits to some 30 million people of the Southwest region of the country. The distances of almost all the major destinations in the region from Dhaka will be reduced by 100 km or more and hauling time of vehicles will reduce by over 3 hours each trip resulting in huge fuel saving and passenger time-saving through the implementation of this Project. Quick transportation of agricultural and other produces to Dhaka market will fetch better farm-gate prices. Obviously, this will bring in positive economic impact on trade, transportation, agriculture, education, health, and all other sectors, and eventually on life and livelihood of the people in the region and the nation as a whole. In addition, people moving to resettlement sites will greatly

15 Resettlement Site 1 is now outside the RoW of River Training work and therefore will not be required.

3

improve the living environment since many civic amenities and social infrastructure would be made available. Aother notable benefit is that the poor and highly vulnerable households, who so far did not have a secured tenure, would for the first time be provided with titled land (housing plots), economic stability and improved quality of life at the resettlement sites. However, the project‟s adverse impacts have also been documented at various stages of project preparation by JICA16, BBA,17 and ADB.18 According to the most recent studies and estimates,19 a total of 15,400 households will be affected by the Project. This includes 9,273 project affected households (PAH) incurring impact on agricultural land and 5,750 PAHs losing structures (housing and commercial) due to acquisition and 377 PAHs losing their structures temporarily due to requisition of land. It is estimated that a total of 2,882 households/persons will be losing wage employment and income temporarily. In all, it is estimated that about 76,000 persons will be affected directly and indirectly by the Project in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts.

1.4 Measures to Minimize Impact All necessary efforts have been made in order to minimize the Project impacts on assets and avoid disruption of livelihoods, as far as possible. In order to minimize impacts to the maximum possible extent, adequate provisions have been incorporated into the planning and design of the Project to minimize or mitigate any unavoidable impacts. Extensive consultations have been conducted with the affected communities and people in the Project areas to take in their views and incorporate the same in the Project design to the extent possible. Technical and Social team have worked together to reduce the social impacts of the Project by means of both design adaptation and innovative technical solutions. The detail design consultant on river training works reviewed the morphology of the river at the bridge site and followed multicriteria assessment to select the most optimul RTW design with due attention to social and environmental impacts and concerns. Against the feasibility level RTW design, length of the river bank protection work has been reduced to 2.0 km from 6 km in the Mawa side. However, with the the apprehension of threat to approach road as well, the protection work in the Janjira side have been reduced in the downstream but extended in the upstream towards the Kewrakandi ghat in Madaripur. Total length of the protection work in the Janjira side has been slightly increased to 11.6 km from 10.5 km considered at the feasibility study. The measures to reduce RTW impact have been resulted in no major increase in overall number of project affected households. However, about 900 PAHs will additionally be relocated compared to the draft RAP-III of 15 Sep 2010. Against this increase, more than 200 plots have been increased in the existing resettlement sites. Land development assistance has also been included as a support to group relocation other than in the resettlement sites.

1.5 Approach adopted towards safeguard issues The Padma Bridge is a large, complex and challenging Project. Thus, the social and resettlement safeguard issues necessitate attention to physical and economic displacement, consultation & participation, gender, livelihoods, public health and up/downstream impacts on the char land settlements, including management and monitoring of any other unanticipated impacts of the project. The accelerated program and a phased construction for - (i) the Main Bridge, BEF and Approach Road, and (ii) RTW for bank protection add to this complexity. Accordingly, BBA has agreed with the Co-financiers that the RAPs and other social safeguard documents will be delivered in a phased manner but “packaged” under the umbrella of the Social Action Plan (SAP) for the Project, covering all safeguard aspects, including institutional and implementation arrangements. The SAP is guided by

16 Environmental and Social/Resettlement Report, Vol. VII (Nippon Koei Co., 2005) 17 Land Acquisition Plan, and Resettlement Action Plan (BBA, 2006). 18 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (ADB PPTA 4652 BAN: Preparing the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, Jan 2007). 19 BIDS Census Survey, July-Aug 2009, Feb 2010 and Dec ’10 – Feb’11

4

the national laws and policies and Co-financiers social safeguard policies. In accordance with this phased approach adopted for this Project, the key components of the Project have been sub-divided for preparation of resettlement mitigation measures. Table 1.1 presents the main contents of the SAP.

Table 1.1 Social Action Plan: Key Documents

SOCIAL ACTION PLAN Vol. 1 Executive Summary (Technical summary of all SAP documents) Vol. 2 Socioeconomic Profile of Project Area Vol. 3 RAP I (Resettlement Site Development) Vol. 4 RAP II (Main Bridge and Approach Roads)* Vol. 5 RAP III (River Training Works)* Vol. 6 Resettlement Framework Vol. 7 Public Consultation and Participation Plan Vol. 8 Gender Action Plan Vol. 9 Public Health Action Plan Vol. 10 Charland Monitoring and Management Framework Vol. 11 Institutional and Implementation Arrangements Vol. 12 RAP-IV (Janjira Construction Yard) Vol. 13 RAP-V (Mawa Construction Yard) *Includes (i) Physical Cultural Resource Plan and (ii) Income and Livelihood Restoration Plan

In accordance with the phased approach adopted for this Project, the key components have been sub-divided for preparation of resettlement mitigation measures and will be submitted in Phase I & II. The deliverables under Phase I include (i) RAP II (Main Bridge and Approach Road), (ii) Public Consultation and Participation Plan, (iii) Gender Action Plan, and (iv) Physical Cultural Resources Plan (included in RAP II). The Phase II deliverables comprise of (i) RAP III (RTW), (ii) Resettlement Framework, (iii) Public Health Action Plan, and (iv) Charland Monitoring, Management and Development Plan. Two more volumes of the SAP documents were later prepared including Vol. 12: RAP-IV for Janjura Construction Yard (JCY) and Vol. 13: RAP-V for Mawa Construction Yard (MCY). Resettlement of affected persons were envisased when BBA planned to provide the construction yards for civil works contractors for the main bridge and for the river training works.

1.6 Description of RTW The Padma bridge corridor area is characterized as lying between the Ganges and Dhaleshwari natural levees in the vast low lying areas known as Arial beel. Combined meandering and braided nature of river Padma characterized the project area by deltaic floodplain with frequent shifting of bank lines through riverbank erosion and accretion to form new land (chars). The project location in the Mawa site is comparatively stable but a significant portion of the design location of bridge landing has already been eroded. To stabilize the bankline, the feasibility design included 6.0km bankline at Mawa site and 10.5km bankline in the Janjira site for protection through river training works (RTW). Local drainage systems, especially in the Janjira site, will not be blocked by the RTW structure. The RTW, as per feasibility design, will be a 200-m wide revetment in the Mawa site and a 300-m wide revetment in the Janjira site. However, according to the final engineering design of the RTW at the detail design stage, width of the river training works varies from 200 to 623 m and a little less than half of the revetment widths will be under-water with the rest on bankline above the lowest water level. The detail design considering river morphology and integrity of the main bridge and approach roads have reduced the length of the revetment to 2.0 km in the Mawa side but increased the length to 11.6 km in the Janjira side. About 85.24 ha of land will now be acquired for the 2.0 km long RTW in place of 114.72 ha proposed for 6-km long protection work in the Mawa side and 422.08 ha of land will be

5

acquired for the 11.6 km long protection work in the Janjira side in place of 317.03 ha proposed for acquisition for the 10.5 km long revetment. About half of the land to be acquired is underwater (eroded) land.

Figure 1.2 - Location and Design of RTW Other Components

The total land required for the various project components as per final engineering design at the detail design is 1093..15 ha (including 110.35 ha requisitioned for 6 years). As enumerated in the Table 1.2 below, it is estimated that of the total 982.8 ha of acquired land, 507.32 ha would be acquired as a result of the River Training Work which is more than half (51.65%) of the total acquired land for the project.

Table 1.2: Scope of Land Acquisition in the RTW

Project Components Land Acquisition (in ha) by District Total (ha)

Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur RTW – acquisition 85.24 130.77 291.31 507.32

Source: Final RTW Engineering Design and Land Acquisition Plan revised as of December 2010

The RAP-III is updated based on data available from the census survey of affected households with loss of physical assets and the land acquisition plan revised as of December 2010 as per final RTW design. The survey brought forth that a total of 5486 households would be affected as a result of river training work. The impacts of RTW covered in RAP III shall largely include loss of land (residential and commercial); structure (residential, commercial and PCR) and income and livelihoods (owners, wage earners). Table 1.3 presents a summary of the Project impacts included in RAP III. A detailed description of the project impacts has been discussed in Chapter 3 of this RAP.

6

Table 1.3 Summary Profile of Affected Population in RAP III Description Units Quantity %

Total Project Affected Persons (PAPs) Persons 28,656 100 PAPs losing structure (housing & commercial) Persons 20,524 72

PAPs losing agricultural land Persons 6,355 22

PAPs to be relocated Persons 17,339 61

PAPs losing wage income Persons 1,777 6

Total Project Affected Households (PAH) Households 5,486 100

PAH losing structure (housing & commercial) Households 4,189 76

PAHs losing agriculture land Households 1,297 24 PAHs losing businesses Households 897 16 PAHs requiring relocation and/or resettlement Households 3,539 65 Affected vulnerable households Households 1,249 23

Total land getting affected Ha 507.32 Source: ADB PPTA LARP, 2006 and BIDS Census Surve, Feb 2011

RTW impacts will further be updated section by section during implementation of this RAP following the joint verification and award of compensation by Deputy Commissioners especially with regard to the impact on agricultural land. Owners of affected agricultural land, their vulnerability and the severity of impact on them will be determined during implementation of RAP-III following the payment of compensation under law by the DCs. PAPs losing wage income will be identified through a survey prior to implementation of this RAP.

1.7 Objective of RAP III RAP III is guided by the legal instrument governing land acquisition in Bangladesh, the Acquisition

and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982 (Ordinance II with amendments in 1989, 1993, and 1994), supplemented with the special ordinance for the Project, the Padma Multipurpose

Bridge Project (Land Acquisition) Act, 2010 (Act 31) and the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1950 (Section 7). RAP III also complies with co-financiers safeguard policies including ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009, JICA (former JBIC) Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, 2002 and World Bank Guidelines, OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, 2003 and OP 4.11 - Policy on Physical Cultural Resources, 2006. The primary objective of this RAP is to identify impacts and to plan measures to mitigate various losses of the affected persons resulting from the RTW as per final design. This RAP is based on the general findings of the census survey conducted by BIDS during December 2010 to February 2011, field visits, meetings and consultations with various project-affected persons in the Project area, conducted as of May 2011 since the JICA feasibility study. The RAP III presents (i) type and extent of loss of assets, including land and structures; (ii) principles and legal framework applicable for mitigation of these losses; (iii) the entitlement matrix, (iv) R&R budget; and (v) institutional framework for the implementation of the plan, including monitoring and evaluation.

7

CHAPTER 2 SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILES OF THE AFFECTED POPULATION

This chapter presents an overview of the Project area highlighting the key socio-economic development indicators such as demographic trends, state of the economy, poverty, literacy and trends in urbanization in the project area and districts. This chapter has been prepared based on the data from the Census survey conducted through BIDS during December 2010 to February 2011 in the RTW areas as per final engineering design by the Detail Design Consultant of the Padma Multipurpose Bridge. Data from secondary sources has also been tapped for discussion of the general socioeconomic status of the project affected area. Census data represents the project affected households losing their housing, business and common property resources.

2.1 Project Area The Project area covers a total of 31 mouzas in four upazilas (sub-districts) of Bangladesh namely – Lohajang and Srinagar (in Munshiganj District), Janjira (in Shariatpur) and Shibchar (in Madaripur)20. The floodplain is generally flat – particularly on the Janjira side – at 2-8 meters above the sea level. Thus, people living in the floodplain area usually do not construct permanent houses and are ready to move to safer places in the event of major flood or erosion. The affected villages in the Janjira side are relatively new settlements developed on the chars formed 70-80 years ago. The soil is mixed type but fertile as it is inundated every year (3-6 meters deep) during monsoons. Many of the islands up and downstream from the proposed bridge site can be used for cultivation during the winter season only. There are several large settled chars on the upstream from project site.

The affected areas in Mawa side are semi-urban in nature with high density of population (4,900 per sq.km) with more or less compact settlements, mostly commercial along the existing highway. The village settlements are linear and compact along the riverbank and include households displaced by erosions, who live on lands provided by relatives either on rental arrangements or “free-users” – locally known as nodibashi (or uthuli). In contrast, the affected areas in Janjira site are largely used for agricultural purposes, followed by village settlements and commercial establishments (e.g., semi-permanent rural market, ferry stations) with comparatively low population density (1,319 per sqkm)21. The farmers in this area typically have two crops, including winter crops and vegetables such as onion, squash, spices etc. The village settlements – locally called kandi – are mostly linear along the riverbank and are typically named after the “pioneer” settler or influential matabbar (village leader) signifying kinship and/or patronage character of village settlements in the floodplain. The RTW, as per final engineering design, is located only the Lauhajang Upazila under Munshiganj District in the Mawa side and in the other side (Janjira), the revetment will be located in Janjira Upazila of Shariatpur District and Shibchar Upazila of Madaripur District.

2.2 General Profile of three Districts Demographic Aspects: The three Project districts of Munshiganj, Madaripur and Shariatpur have a collective population of 3.4 million. These districts are pre-dominantly rural with an average urban population of 11% (Census 2001). As per the 2001 Census, the average household size in the project districts is 5.05 members per family. In addition, the proportion of single member households was noted to be 0.55% in the project districts.

According to the BIDS Census carried out during the period from December 2010 to February 2011, only 3.6% of the project affected households in the RTW area have 1-2 members, which is about 12% nationally. About 36% of the sample households covered under the census is very close to the national average of household size while another 36% are below and 30% are above it (Table 2.1).

20 BBA/BCL, Resettlement Action Plan, June 2006 and Detail Design Consultant’s LA Estimate as of December 2009 21 JICA, Social/Resettlement Issues, Final Report, March 2005

8

Table 2.1 Distribution of Project Affected Households by Family Size Number of household members Munshiganj (%) Shariatpur (%) Madaripur (%) Total (%)

1-2 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.6 3-4 28.7 17.6 25.8 26.2 5-6 37.9 40.6 40.4 39.4 7-8 16.3 25.5 20.4 19.2 9-10 7.6 7.5 7.1 7.4 11-12 2.1 2.1 1.4 1.7 12+ 3.7 3.0 1.5 2.6

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: BIDS Census Survey of Project Affected Households, 2011

Land Use Pattern: The total land area of the three districts Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur constitutes 312,348 ha (771,501 acres) with a cultivable land area of 204,695 ha (505,598 acres) (Table 3.2). About 66% of the total land area in the Project affected districts is cultivable which is highest in Madaripur (76%) and the proportion is almost similar in Munshiganj and Shariatpur districts (about 60%). Only 19% of the total land is irrigated which is 23% in Madaripur, 17% in Munshiganj and 16% in Shariatpur districts. River area is highest in Munshiganj (11%) and it is almost same in Madaripur and Shariatpur districts: 7 and 8%s respectively (Table 2.2).

Table 2.2: Land Use in Project Districts

Land use Area in Acre Total (acre) Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur

Area % Area % Area % Area % Total Land Area 235,974 100 283678 100 251,849 100 771,501 100 Cultivable Area 138,472 59 215224 76 151,902 60 505,598 66 Fallow Land 5,609 2 1557 1 6,857 3 14,023 2 Area Irrigated 40,277 17 65057 23 40,894 16 146,228 19 Area in Rivers 26,242 11 21261 7 20,317 8 67,820 9 Source: National Data Bank, Bangladesh, 1998

Ownership of Agricultural Land: About 60% of the residents in the three districts own agricultural land however the proportion of land ownership was found to be higher in rural areas with 63% of the households owning land vis-à-vis 41% land ownership in urban areas. The highest land ownership is noted in Madaripur district with 72% of the total households owning land thereby pointing towards a high level of dependence on agricultural land whereas in case of Munshiganj land ownership stands 48% as shown in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 Ownership Pattern of Agricultural Land in Project Districts

Project district Total households Households own agri-land In Number In %age

Munshiganj 246,120 115,100 46.77 Urban 31,980 9,420 29.46 Rural 214,140 105,680 49.35 Madaripur 225,980 162,600 71.95 Urban 27,740 13,440 48.45 Rural 198,240 149,160 75.24 Shariatpur 210,600 134,320 63.78 Urban 19,400 10,040 51.75 Rural 191,200 124,280 65.00 Total 682,700 412,020 60.35 Urban 79,120 32,900 41.58 Rural 603,580 379,120 62.81

9

Table 2.3 Ownership Pattern of Agricultural Land in Project Districts Project district Total households Households own agri-land Source: BBS, Population Census 2001, National Report, July 2003

Access to Civic Facilities

Health: According to the 1998 national databank, there was 1 doctor per 12,000 people and 1 bed for per 5,000 people in terms of health facilities in Munshiganj district. The proportion of doctors in Madaripur and Shariatpur districts was 1:30,000 and 1:20,000 respectively. That of hospital beds (hospitals, clinics, FWCs, maternity centers, primary healthcare together) the proportion was 1:5,000 for both Madaripur and Shariatpur districts (Table 2.4)

Table 2.4: Medical facilities in Project districts S. No.

Health facilities Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur Nos. of Doctors

No. of Beds

Nos. of Doctors

No. of Beds

Nos. of Doctors

No. of Beds

1 Hospitals 47 205 20 117 34 205 2 Clinics 9 12 4 14 6 - 3 FWCs 42 54 9 10 14 - 4 Maternity Centre 2 6 2 4 - - 5 Primary

healthcare 5 - 3 61 - -

6 Population ratio (thousand)

12 5 30 5 20 5

Source: National Data Bank, Bangladesh, 1998

Health services in the Project affected areas as evident from the study villages are poor. Most people go to quacks and medicine shops for minor medical treatment. Qualified doctors in Mawa side are available at a distance of 4 km and hospital facilities at a distance of 6 km; and those are at 10 km and 40 km respectively in Janjira side. Economically solvent people go to Dhaka for better health care. But the poorer ones are dependent on available practitioners including quacks, kabiraj and pharmacies only.

Educational Facilities: Madarsa institutions (Islamic educational institutions) are almost double in number in respect of mainstream educational institutional particularly against the number of primary schools in all the three Project districts. There is high concentration of religious education in Madaripur and Shariatpur districts mostly attracting students from very poor families of the districts (Table 2.5)

10

Table 2.5: Educational Infrastructure in Project district

S. No.

Educational Institutions

Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur

Nos. Nos. of Teachers Nos. Nos. of

Teachers Nos. Nos. of Teachers

1 Kindergarten 2 19 8 46 2 13 2 Primary School 452 2185 601 2428 427 1786 3 Junior High

School 9 56 28 208 20 110

4 Secondary High School

80 974 86 1002 61 679

5 College 14 201 10 256 14 210 6 Teacher's

Training 1 15 1 10

7 Mass Education Centre

6 8 135 135 170 17

8 Islamic Madarsa 845 1317 1563 2933 1030 1733 9 Girl's

School/College 11 122 17 242 10 100

Source: National Data Bank, Bangladesh, 1998

2.3 Socioeconomic Profile of Affected Population Several studies have been conducted at different levels of project preparation and planning to establish the socio-economic profiles of the affected and impact area population. The impacts of the project as a whole have been documented at various stages of project preparation by JICA22, BBA23, and ADB24 under project preparation technical assistance. The following section presents the key findings with regard to the socio-economic profile of the affected population as derived from ADB PPTA census survey conducted in 2007.

2.3.1 Demographic Information The total population directly affected by RTW at both bank of the river amounts to 20524 of which 10549 (51.4%) are male and 9975 (48.6%) female which most closely correspond to the national sex composition of the population. Of the total affected population, while about one-quarter belongs to the age group up to 14 years, more than half of the PAPs belong to the labour force with far-reaching implications for their resettlement. This is more so in the case of Madaripur and Munshiganj. Madaripur accounts for the largest proportion of the directly affected population followed by Munshiganj and Shariatpur. Only 7.5% of the population is noted to be in the age group of 60 years and above considered as senior citizen or elderly.

Table 2.6 Distribution of Affected Populations by Age by District Age Bracket (years) Munshiganj (%) Shariatpur (%) Madaripur (%) Total (%)

0-4 10.48 11.72 11.15 10.92 5-14 24.25 30.73 26.30 25.87 15-29 28.14 26.21 26.48 27.15 30-59 29.85 24.80 28.12 28.53 60-65 2.59 2.26 2.87 2.69 65+ 4.68 4.28 5.08 4.83 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Male/Female Ratio 107 103 105 106 Source: BIDS Census Survey, February 2011

22 Environmental and Social/Resettlement Report, Vol. VII (Nippon Koei Co., 2005) 23 Land Acquisition Plan, and Resettlement Action Plan (BBA, 2006). 24 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (ADB PPTA 4652 BAN: Preparing the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, Jan 2007).

11

Table 2.7 shows that about three quarter of the men and women aged 15 years and above were married. Unmarried population among the male is more than double (35%) than that among the females (14%). About 13% of the women were found divorced/impending divorce (2%) or widowed (11%) which is only 1% among the males.

Table 2.7 Marital Status of Affected Population (15 years and above)

Marital Status Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Unmarried 35.3 14.5 35.4 14.5 33.7 12.9 34.5 13.7

Married 63.5 72.8 63.2 72.5 65.0 73.9 64.2 73.3 Divorced/ impending divorce 0.1 2.2 .3 2.4 .2 2.0 .2 2.1

Widowed 1.1 10.6 1.1 10.6 1.0 11.1 1.1 10.9 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Source: BIDS Census Survey, February 2011

2.3.2 Level of Education The survey brought forth that the literacy rate among the affected population is 72%. The literacy rate was noted to be higher among the males (75%) than the females (69%). As shown in Table 2.8, the literacy rate amongst the affected population in Mawa site was noted to be the highest with 76% literacy among males and 69% among the females. In terms of the level of education among the literate population, it was interesting to note that with increase in level of education there was a marked drop in the number of persons. As a result, only about 1% of the affected person comprised of those who have attained higher education with 1.6% among the males and less than 0.6% among the females.

Table 2.8 Level of Education of Affected Population (7 years and above)

Level of education

Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Mal

e Femal

e Mal

e Femal

e Mal

e Femal

e Mal

e Femal

e Both

Primary 42.6 38.8 45.6 44.2 45.7 39.9 44.4 39.8 42.2 Secondary 23.1 23.6 12.1 12.6 19.4 19.9 20.3 20.7 20.5 SSC/HSC 6.0 5.3 2.0 1.3 5.0 3.2 5.2 3.9 4.5 Graduate 1.2 .6 .2 .1 .9 .3 1.0 .4 .7

Post graduate 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.4 Informal literacy 2.5 2.5 7.2 4.7 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.6

Illiterate 24.0 29.1 32.5 37.0 24.3 32.5 25.0 31.5 28.1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


2.3.3 Occupational Profile Agriculture, in the RTW affected villages, appears to be the main occupation for most of the affected population with 55% of the employed population engaged in agriculture. The next echelon of the employed population is engaged in business (18%) while service is found to be the third contributor (13%) of income among the affected population. The next highest population (8%) reported their occupation in transportation.

While agriculture came forth as the dominant livelihood source in the Janjira side both in Shariatpur (67%) and Madaripur (58%) districts, business and service together constitute 37% of the total employed population in the Mawa side. In case of Mawa, agriculture still contributes for 48% of the employed population due to their attachment with the river and newly chars for cultivation.

12

Transportation involves mostly in Munshiganj and Madaripur due to the presence of the N8 (See Table 2.9).

Table 2.9 Primary Occupation of Affected Population (15 years and above) Primary

Occupation Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj Total

Nos. % Nos. % Nos. % Nos. % Agriculture 3277 58.3 742 66.8 2316 47.8 6335 54.7

Industry 195 3.5 44 4 193 4 432 3.7

Construction 99 1.8 42 3.8 122 2.5 263 2.3

Transportation 429 7.6 41 3.7 417 8.6 887 7.7

Trade/Business 903 16.1 92 8.3 1099 22.7 2094 18.1 Service 682 12.1 144 13 687 14.2 1513 13.1

Others 33 0.6 6 0.5 15 0.3 54 0.5

Total (employed) 5618 100 1111 100 4849 100 11578 100

Total (Directly Affected)

9890 1988 8646 20524 9890

Dependency Ratio (%) 43.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 43.00 Source: BIDS Census Survey, February 2011

2.3.4 Level of Income of Affected Population Average per capita income of the directly affected population based on their stated income was found to be BDT 51,265 for the male headed households and BDT 38,512 for female headed households. The highest per capita income (BDT 87,189/-), as reported, comes from industry mainly because of industrial concentration in the Munshiganj district (per capita income BDT 115,664). The highest contributor of income in Shariatpur is again industry (no women are reported to have industrial income). In Madaripur, trading is the largest income contributor (BDT 56,746 per capita for male headed households). Percapita income in female headed households is always lower than the male headed households except in case of agriculture (Table 2.10).

Table 2.10 Average Per Capita Income (Taka) of PAPs by Occupation and District

Primary Occupation Group

District Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj Total

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Agriculture 40147 42203 22310 34348 41720 44675 37221 41177 Industry 52920 29485 44744 - 115664 28011 87189 28912 Construction 53628 31311 20420 32489 56800 21367 48688 29288 Transportation 40566 - 27607 - 72566 32567 55110 32567 Trading 56746 27212 34793 26750 69045 51084 62176 44242 Service 37929 29813 37068 16735 50394 42424 44125 36713 Others 42684 38486 25040 26733 57779 45310 46008 39316 Total 45949 36695 25956 27277 63271 43999 51265 38512 Source: BIDS Census Survey, February 2011

As can be seen from Table 2.11, the highest proportion of income earners are between BDT 30,000 to BDT 50,000 (26%) which is 30% in Munshiganj, 19% in Shariatpur and 24% in Madaripur districts. Proportion of the lowest income earners is the highest in Shariatpur (8.2%) and the number of the highest income earners (BDT75,000+) is the highest in Munshiganj district (19%).

13

Table 2.11 Level of Per Capita Income of Affected Households by District

Level of Income (BDT)

No. of Households by District Total Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur

No. % No. % No. % No. % Up to 10,000 48 2.6 33 8.2 140 6.5 221 5.1

10,000-20,000 231 12.7 150 37.3 564 26.4 945 21.6 20,000-30,000 342 18.8 120 29.9 462 21.6 924 21.2 30,000-50,000 548 30.0 76 18.9 508 23.7 1132 25.9 50,000-75,000 313 17.2 16 4.0 230 10.7 559 12.8

75,000+ 342 18.8 7 1.7 236 11.0 585 13.4 Total 1824 100.0 402 100.0 2140 100.0 4366 100.0

Source: BIDS Census Survey 2011

2.3.5 Poverty Status According to the household income and expenditure survey of 2005, proportion of poor population amongst the affected population was noted to be 32% in the year 2005 based on consumption expenditure (CBN method). When compared to the official poverty level in the areas, the poverty level among the affected population is noted to be relatively low. Commercial activities concentrated to the river terminal, fishing and transportation business, diversified agriculture and remittance flow (from migrated family members) seems to be some factors contributing towards low level of poverty in the area. It is also because income of the poor people has gone up considerably for different reasons after the poverty index has been established.

On an average, more than 89% of the households are non-poor. As evident from Table 2.12 below, female headed households in Munshiganj and Madaripur are noted to be more prone to poverty. In Shariatpur district, the poverty incidence in female headed households is less than that in the male headed households.

Table 2.12 Poverty Level amongst Affected Household Poverty Level25

Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Male Female Male Female Male Female

Hard core poor 3.6 8.5 14.4 12.2 9.8 15.5 8.1

Poor 1.3 .0 4.0 .0 4.1 2.9 2.8 Non-poor 95.0 91.5 81.6 87.8 86.1 81.6 89.1

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: BIDS Census Survey 2011

2.3.6 Migration Both internal (within the country) and external (outside the country) migration was reported during the socioeconomic survey conducted in June-August 2006. In Mawa side, among the 120 sample households, 38 persons were found to have migrated internally. In Janjira, 122 persons were found as internal migrants within the 270 sample households.

The survey also found 11 persons in Mawa side and 20 persons in the Janjira side migrated outside the country for wage earning. The survey results estimated that for each 3 households in the Mawa and Janjira sides, there is one person migrated locally for wage earning. As for external migration, one person in each 11 households in Mawa side and one person in each 14 households in Janjira side have migrated outside the country for wage earning (Table 2.16).

25 Households with monthly per capita income less than BDT 979.10 are considered as Hard-core Poor (2010). Households earning per capita monthly income between BDT 979.10 and BDT 1093.15 are poor and Households having per capital monthly income above BDT 1093.15 are non-poor.

14

Table 2.16 Migration for Wage Earning in Impact Area Households

Type of migration

Mawa Janjira No. of migrants

No. of family per migrant

No. of migrants

No. of family per migrant

Internal migration 38 3 84 3 External migration 11 11 20 14 Total 49 2 104 3 Source: ADB PPTA Census 2007

2.4 Gender Status Like many other countries in the developing world, Bangladeshi women too fare worse than men on most of the social indicators. During the course of the Project preparation and assessment, detailed Gender analysis was also undertaken to look into the current status and needs of the women in the Project area (RAP III) and its potential impact on them. The gender status, impacts and issues have been specifically analyzed and documented in form of the Gender Report.26 Some of the key findings arrived from the analysis and surveys are summed up below: Social Status: The census survey and assessments brought forth that the gender role and relations between male and female in the project-affected areas on both banks of the Padma River is typical of the Bangladesh society at large. Little gender differences were noted between the two sites Mawa and Janjira. Despite Mawa‟s greater proximity to services and Dhaka city unlike Janjira, in both areas, men were noted to be much more mobile than women. Women in the affected villages on the Janjira site are lead a village based existence with mobility restricted to visiting relatives or medical facilities in times of emergency. It‟s the husbands or sons generally who undertake shopping and selling at the markets on behalf of the village women. Many women in the Mawa site met shared that their husbands or sons live and work in Dhaka. As a result, women around Mawa predominantly live in rented houses or leased land and in much closer proximity to each other. However, women in Janjira site enjoy wider spaces mostly on their own land.

About 56% of the female heads of households amongst the affected population are reported to be widows, 33% unmarried, and 12% divorced.27 FHH are smaller in size compared to the male headed households (MHZ), with 3.75 members per family compared to 5.32 members per household in case of MHH28.

Women are over-represented among the illiterate population (31.5%) in the RTW affected area. The incidence of higher education is low in case of females with only 4% females reporting SSC/HSC while less than 1% reported graduation or post graduation.

Economic Participation: The surveys brought forth that men normally work in the field in agriculture, do businesses or are employed requiring greater mobility to cities and distant markets. Women are traditionally involved in home-based reproductive and unpaid productive work (90%). Participation of women in agriculture is evident in the form of rice husking and crops processing (paddy, jute and others) at the household level. It was also noted that women have access to NGO based micro-credit but in most cases, they borrow the money for investment through their sons, husbands or fathers. Very few women have been able to invest directly like operating household attached shops, cattle raising, cattle fattening, etc. Women and girls mostly in the Mawa site are involved in sewing for design on garments. Women in Mawa site are also found to be involved in resale of fabric, home-based tailoring, as cooks in local restaurant or in mess of migrant workers. Poor widows and divorcees normally work as domestic help in local households for food, paddy, cloths and the like.

26 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design, Gender Action Plan, (Appendix-4 and 6), 26 October 2009 27 Synthesis from ADB PPTA Census Database (2006) 28 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design, Gender Action Plan, (Appendix-4 and 6), 26 October 2009

15

Income Status: Women in the RTW affected areas are found to be involved in all income earning occupation parallel to the men. Interactions and survey in the area also brought forth the gender inequality with employed women earning about 25% less than their male counterparts (Table 2.10). Interestingly, women earn more than men only in case of agriculture as the source of income. In case of transportation and industry, women have some limitations.

Poverty amongst FHH: The survey also brought forth that the FHH in the project-affected area are more prone to poverty than the MHH. About 16% of the FHH comprised of the hardcore poor29 as compared to 10% MHHs falling in this category and 3% of the FHH poor in comparison to 4% poor MHH. Eighty two percent of the FHH can be considered non-poor, which is 86% among the MHH.

2.5 Gender impacts of the Project The construction of the bridge and the augmentation of road network and services, as per the women interacted with, will have far-reaching impacts on them and their lives. One of the major benefits of the Project as expressed by women would be in terms of enhanced mobility. The bridge construction would definitely augment the frequency and quality of the transport; thereby further improving access of women (& men) to various social services and income opportunity. However, as anticipated, due to the displacement some village women were noted to be anxious about having to move to a new location (resettlement areas). This anxiety was very much correlated to age, with older women particularly upset and worried about the changes the project would induce in their lives vis-à-vis the younger women who were found to be more accepting and pragmatic towards the same. Women voiced that it would take them some years to reestablish their lives and re-create relationships and social ties with their neighbours, re-establishing shade and fruit trees, gardens etc. In case of those who will not be affected or displaced, coping with the construction disruption will be challenging. Informed about the influx of project labour, most of the women shared that while this would be a good income generation opportunity whereby they can sell garden produces to these labourers at a roadside stall. Most noted improved access to roadside small business in the future, and improved transport links, as possible project benefits. Of the total affected population in the areas of RTW, nearly half (49%) comprise of women. In terms of direct impacts, the data from BIDS survey (Feb 2011) brought forth that of the 4189 households affected by the project land acquisition, 419 (10%) are female headed households (FHH). However, adequate provisions have therefore been included in RAP III to provide additional assistance to these FHH and other vulnerable PAHs so as to restore their livelihood.

2.6 Summary The affected population is largely vulnerable to endemic riverbank erosion and flooding due to the presence of the mighty Padma River. People are affected by the river due to its shifting nature requiring frequent migration but dependent on it for their livelihoods in water and road transport sectors owing to the important river crossing at this point on the national highway from Dhaka to Khulna. Remittance flow, river and terminal oriented commercial activities, proximity to Dhaka city and NGO interventions are important factors of the economy of the project-affected area. The bridge, after it‟s opening, will reduce the scope of river and road transport oriented livelihoods substantially. Acquisition of agricultural land will affect livelihood resources for majority of the affected peoples in the Janjira side. Relocation and income and livelihood restoration will, therefore, need careful scrutiny of the loss of livelihood resources and the likely occupational disruption due to undertaking of the project.

The following issues received specific attention in the policy formation and developing mitigation measures for resettlement and livelihood restoration:

Affected population comprises of 51% male and 49% females. About 47% of the project affected population is economically dependent, unemployed, disabled or elderly, and minor and children.

29 Households with monthly per capita income less than BDT 737 are considered as Hard-core Poor.

16

Literacy among the affected population is 72% and only 5.5% have higher education (SSC

and above) and functional literacy among the females is 66%.

Agriculture is the traditional means of livelihood but people are mostly involved in business (more dominantly in Munshiganj district.)

About a quarter of the employed population (28%) have a s econd occupation where agriculture is the first option (69%) followed by production (11%), business and others.

Only 36% of the affected populations have their own homestead, 54% are rentees and the rest are mainly uthuli (families living on others‟ private land) and other modes of informal occupation of land for their housing.

Affected population is mainly using tin made kutcha houses (63%), 27% are using other kutcha househouse (with no durable materials) and about 8% are using only thatched houses. Pucca and semi-pucca houses are used by only 2.5% PAHs.

Poverty rate, as per BIDS census, is considerably low among the project-affected households in the RTW affected areas. Only 8% project affected households in the RTW area are hard-core poor and another 3% are absolute poor. Poverty rate is considerably higher among female headed households, 18.4% compared to 13.9% among the male headed households. Poverty incidence is the lowest in Munshiganj district (less than 10%).

17

CHAPTER 3 IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT

This chapter focuses on project impacts – loss of land, structure and other assets resulting from RTW on both banks at the bridge site.

3.1 The Project Impacts The project impacts have been assessed based on a Census Survey conducted in the RTW areas on non-land physical assets following the acquisition boundary as per the final RTW design. The Census Survey was conducted by BIDS during December 2010 – February 2011. The impact on wage earners in agriculture and non-agriculture fields was not covered in the BIDS census and hence thise information was taken from the ADB PPTA assessment done in 2006 as an estimate. The survey brought forth that a total of 5486 households comprising of 26,879 persons would be affected. The adverse impacts of the components covered in RAP III (RTW area) largely include loss of land (residential and commercial); structure (residential, commercial and PCR) income and livelihood (owners, wage earners). In addition, the construction of the RTW shall also entail some indirect impacts such as loss of access to land by tenants and informal occupants; loss of access to residential and commercial structures and loss of employment and workdays. Such PAPs have also been included in this RAP. The project is also keeping provisions for single track rail, power transmission line, gas pipeline, and fibre optic cable on the bridge. But costruction of these facilities will be undertaken at a future date. Therefore, safeguard issues for these components are not included in this report.

Table 3.1 below details the category wise number of affected households and project affected persons (PAPs).

Table 3.1: Categorywise Impacts of the RTW on Affected Population Kind of loss No. of Affected

Households (PAHs) No. of Project Affected

Persons (PAPs) Agricultural land30 1,297 6,355

Structures (which include homestead & Commercial

establishment) 4,189 20,524

Total 5,486 26,879

Indirect impacts (Wage earners and others) 1,777 1,777

Grand Total 7,329 28,656

Source: BIDS Census Survey, Feb 2011 & ADB PPTA 4652-BAN (2007)

In addition to private structures, a total of 68 common property resources (CPRs) comprising of permanent and temporary mosques, informal educational institutions, social institutions, would also be affected as a result of the RTW. However, no CPRs are in the status of physical cultural resources but 14 of them are shared by the community as a permanent common resource.

30 Household size among the affected households is 4.9 on an average. This has been used to calculate PAPs with affected agricultural land owners.

18

3.2 Scope of Land Acquisition A total of 507.32 ha of land will be affected in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts as a result of the component (RTW) included in RAP III. Of the total land affected, the majority of land affected is located on the Janjira side amounting to 83% of the total acquired land, whereas the remaining affected land lies on the Mawa side (Table 3.2). About half of the land, as per RTW design, will be underwater eroded land largely khas (government owned) land, if AD line is established before acquisition.

Table 3.2 Distribution of Affected Land for RTW by District

Land Category Land Quantum (ha) to be Acquired

Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total % Nal 24 95.21 146.62 265.83 52.40 Chala 5.53 0 0 5.53 1.09 Vita/bari 23.98 4.87 60.68 89.53 17.65 Ditch 17.05 0 0.04 17.09 3.37 Pond 0.29 0.02 0.86 1.17 0.23 Garden 0 0.73 2.15 2.88 0.57 Khal/road 0.19 0.09 0.78 1.06 0.21 River 14.2 29.85 80.18 124.23 24.49 Total 85.24 130.77 291.31 507.32 100.00 % 16.80 25.78 57.42 100

According to Table 3.2, more than 50% of the land is purely agricultural and only 18% of the land is used for residential puropose. About one quarter of the land is recorded as river. BIDS has conducted census survey on the vita/bari land only and covered those households losing their housing, business and community establishments.

3.4 Impact on Agricultural Land In absence of updated land title records, owners of agricultural and other types of land are identified by the Deputy Commisioners in the process of land acquisition. A census of agricultural land parcels, without legal scrutiny, cannot identify the current legal owners of land. An agricultural land inventory was developed during the ADB PPTA study in 2006. The land acquisition plan (Dec 2010) for the RTW (as per final design) estimates that about 1297 owners (based on land ledger) will be losing agricultural land in the RTW areas in the three districts, Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur. This number will be updated based on land acquisition process by the DCs during implementation of the RAP-III.. According to the estimate, only about 13% of the affected households will be in Munshiganj district, 42% are in Shariatpur and 45% are in Madaripur district. It is worthwhile to note that the land for the RTW work will be taken along the bank line where agricultural land is less productive and about 50% of the land will be underwater eroded land as about 50% of the revetment structure will be constructed on underwater land. The analysis of the impact ratio on affected households brought forth that 30% (389 PAHs) of the affected households will be losing more than 10% of their income as a result of the land acquisition. Amongst these severely affected households, the majority 156 PAHs (12%) comprise of those who would be losing 10 to 20% of their total income as a result of the acquisition whereas 8% (104 PAHs) would lose more than 50% of their total income (See Table 3.3). Taking into account the severity of impact, specific livelihood measures (detailed in Chapter 7 of RAP III) have been planned in order to restore or improve the livelihoods of the affected households.

19

Table 3.3 Extent of Income Impacts from loss of Agricultural land

Level of impact on income (% of total income loss)

Number of Affected Households Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total

In No. In No. In No. In No. In

%age 0-10 122 377 409 908 70

10.01-20 21 65 70 156 12 20.01-30 9 27 29 65 5 30.01-40 5 16 18 39 3

40.01-50.0 3 11 12 26 2 More than 50 14 43 47 104 8

Total (In Number) 174 539 584 1,297 100 (in %age) 13.42 41.56 45.03 100

Source: Estimate based on RTW LA Proposal, December 2010 as per final design and ADB PPTA

Census of Affected Agriland Owners, 2006

3.5 Project induced Displacement Apart from agricultural land, a total of 4255 structures would also incur severe impact as a result of the RTW construction. The survey data revealed that all these structures would incur impact on their main structure leading to displacement of a total of 3539 affected households and necessitating their relocation. Out of these, 35% of the displaced households comprise of titleholders whereas the remaining comprise of non-titleholders (renters, occupiers, squatters, sheltered, etc.).

3.5.1 Gender Disaggregated data of the Displaced Households Relocation of 3465 structures would lead to the adverse impact on a total of 20, 524 persons necessitating measures for appropriate relocation and resettlement of 17,338 persons. The highest proportion of affected persons to be relocated are located in Madaripur (49%), followed by Munshiganj (40%) and Shariatpur (11%). As detailed in Table 3.4, in keeping with the men-women ratio in the Project area, more than half (51.4%) of the 20524 persons to be displaced comprise of men and the rest are women.

Table 3.4 Gender Division and Relocation Needs of Affected Population

District

PAHs (No.) Affected Population Population to be

relocated

Affected To be relocated Male Female Total % No. %

Munshiganj 1793 1425 4,445 4,201 8646 42.13 6,981 40.27 Shariatpur 381 375 1,020 968 1988 9.69 1,837 10.60 Madaripur 2015 1739 5,084 4,806 9890 48.19 8,519 49.14 Total 4189 3539 10,549 9,975 20524 100.00 17,338 100.00 % by sex

51.4 48.6


20

3.5.2 Type of Affected Structures Out of the 4259 affected structures, the highest number of structures getting affected comprise of residential structures (77%) followed by 15% commercial structures. Apart from residential and commercial structures, a total of 42 households will incur loss of other structures mainly comprising of wall/fences, tube wells, latrines, etc.

In addition to private structures requiring relocation, a total of 60 common/community structures including physical cultural resources (PCR) would also be affected as a result of the Project those includes mosques, educational institutions, social institutions, etc.

Table 3.5 below presents district wise details of the affected structures. As reflected in the Table, the number of households and other establishments requiring relocation is the highest in Madaripur (48%) followed by Munshiganj (42%) and Shariatpur (10%).

Table 3.5 District wise Impact on Structures

Name of District

Private Assets Community-owned assets/Physical

Cultural Resources Total Residential Structures

Residential cum CE

Commercial Enterprise (CE)

No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %

Munshiganj 1311 39.82 114 46.15

368 6.62

26 39.39 1819 42.75

Shariatpur 358 10.87 17 6.88

6 0.92

7 10.61 388 9.12

Madaripur 1623 49.30 116 46.96

276 42.46

33 50.00 2048 48.13

Total 3292 100.00 247 100.00 650 100.00 66 100.00 4255 100.00

% 77.37 5.80 15.28 1.55 100.00


3.5.3 Tenancy of Affected Structures Out of the 4189 project affected households (PAHs) losing their housing and business premises, 3778 are owners of affected structure and 406 are renters including one lessee. Only 2 households are reported to be occupier of affected structures and tenancy to affected structures of 3 other PAHs are not defined (Table 3.6).

Table 3.6 District wise Tenancy of Affected Structures by Households Tenancy Category

Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total No. % No. % No. % No. %

Owner 1,469 81.93 381 100.00 1,928 95.68 3,778 90.19 Occupier - - - - 2 0.10 2 0.05 Rentee 323 18.01 - - 82 4.07 405 9.67 Lessee - - - - 1 0.05 1 0.02 Others 1 0.06 - - 2 0.10 3 0.07 Total 1,793 100 381 100 2,015 100 4,189 100 Source: BIDS Census Survey, February 2011

3.5.4 Ownership of Land by Owners of Affected Structures Out of the 4255 affected households and units, 3778 are owners of affected structure and 411 are renters other occupiers. 36.45% of the owners of affected structures (1377) are owners of their land,

21

53.04% are rentees (2004), 7.89% are uthuli (298), 0.58% are squatters (22), and the rest are other modes of informal occupiers including encroacher and lessee of structures (Table 3.7).

Table 3.7 Ownership of Land by Owners of Affected Structures Ownership

type Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total

No. % No. % No. % No. % Owner 561 38.19 89 23.36 727 37.71 1,377 36.45 Occupier 2 0.14 - - 12 0.62 14 0.37 Squatter 16 1.09 - - 6 0.31 22 0.58 Uthuli 105 7.15 31 8.14 162 8.40 298 7.89

Rentee 769 52.35 258 67.72 977 50.67 2,004 53.04 Encroacher 7 0.48 - - 24 1.24 31 0.82 Lessee 4 0.27 0 - 4 0.21 8 0.21 Others 5 0.34 3 0.79 16 0.83 24 0.64 Total 1,469 100 381 100 1,928 100 3,778 100

3.5.5 Construction Type of Affected Structures Of the 4255 affected structures, close to 63% comprised of tin houses, followed by 27% kutcha structures. Of the total affected structure, less than 1% comprised of pucca houses and a little less than 2% of semi-pucca structures. About 8% of the affected structures were noted to be thatched structure mainly belonging to the poor and hard core poor households in the affected area (See Table 3.8). Table 3.8 Quantity of Affected Main Structures (Floor Area in sft) by District Structure Type by construction

materials

Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total

Sft % Sft % Sft % Sft % Pucca 5,026 1.15 0 - 6,991 0.90 12,017 0.87

Semi Pucca 10,635 2.43 0 - 12,253 1.57 22,888 1.66

Tin 287,586 65.80 91,753 56.97 484,233 62.11 863,572 62.68

Kutcha 102,817 23.53 50,552 31.39 219,259 28.12 372,628 27.05

Thatched 30,977 7.09 18,750 11.64 56,899 7.30 106,626 7.74

Total 437,041 100.00 161,055 100.00 779,635 100.00 1,377,731 100.00

% by district 31.72 11.69 56.59 100


3.6 Affected Trees In addition to impacts on structure and land, the river training work will cause felling of about 454,421 private trees of various species and sizes. Of the total affected trees, 25% trees comprise of saplings and 26% small trees. In addition, 24% of the total affected trees comprise of bamboo trees followed by 35% banana trees, 11% timber trees and 23% fruit bearing trees. According to the Table 3.9 1.68% affected trees are firewood trees and 5% are other species including medicinal trees.

22

Table 3.9 Number of Trees affected in RAP III Tree Type

Number of Large trees

Number of Medium trees

Number of Small trees

Number of Saplings

Total % by Type

Bamboo 49,148 30,204 22,126 7,545 109,023 23.99 Banana 53,154 35,908 33,072 37,398 159,532 35.11 Fruit 19,412 15,191 29,875 39,463 103,941 22.87 Fuel 1,359 1,188 2,613 2,461 7,621 1.68 Timber 7,070 11,152 22,070 11,561 51,853 11.41 Others 646 1,171 7,638 12,996 22,451 4.94 Total 130,789 94,814 117,394 111,424 454,421 100.00

% 28.78 20.86 25.83 24.52 100.00 Source: BIDS Census Survey, February 2011

In terms of location, more than two-third of the affected trees will be in Madaripur District. About 18% of the affected trees are located in Shariatpur District and 11% in the Munshiganj District (See Table 3.10).

Table 3.10 Number of Trees affected in RTW by District and Size

Type of Tree Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total No. % No. % No. % No. %

Large 12678 25.45 18397 22.38 99714 30.93 130789 28.78

Medium 9275 18.62 15766 19.18 69773 21.64 94814 20.86 Small 14308 28.72 21275 25.88 81811 25.37 117394 25.83

Sapling 13552 27.21 26754 32.55 71118 22.06 111424 24.52 Total 49,813 100.00 82,192 100.00 322,416 100.00 454,421 100.00

% by district 10.96 18.09 70.95 100 Source: BIDS Census Survey, February 2011

3.7 Impact on Wage Earners Project impact on wage earners were not included in the BIDS census conducted in the RTW area due to delay in RTW design that required to focus the survey among the structure losers only. (A detaild survey of wage earrners will be conducted prior to implementation). However, the ADB PPTA study in 2006 identified wage losers as well. Based on that assessment, an estimate of impact on wage earners was made during preparation of the draft RAP-III in September 2010. According to that estimate, a total of 1777 wage earners will be indirectly affected due to impact on commercial enterprises and agricultural land. The maximum number of wage earners would be affected in Madaripur (851 wage earner), followed by 509 wage earners in Munshiganj mostly comprising of unskilled and skilled non-farm workers. A total of 419 wage earners would be affected in Shariatpur and of these the majority comprise of farm labour. (See Table 3.11)

Table 3.11 District wise Project Impact on Wage Earners

S.No. Category of wage earners No. of wage earners affected by district Total

Munshiganj Shariatpr Madaripur

1 Farm labor (unskilled) 42 377 207 626 2 Non-farm labor (unskilled) 235 24 329 588 3 Skilled non-farm labor 230 18 315 563 Total 507 419 851 1,777

Source: ADB PPTA 4652-BAN, Census and Socioeconomic Survey, 2006

23

3.8 Vulnerability Status of Affected Households Certain groups of population by virtue of their socio-economic realities are considered socially vulnerable and thus in need of special consideration so that they can benefit from the development activities project. These groups include: (a) Hard core poor households; (b) Tribal/Indigenous Peoples households; (c) Female-headed households (FHH) and (e) Disabled households. The above groups have been recognized as “vulnerable groups” under the Project. In addition to the above groups taking into account the severity of impact the households losing more than 10% of their total income as a result of the Project impacts, have also been included in the list of “vulnerable households”. It is also worthwhile to note that the studies and surveys did not bring forth the presence of any Indigenous groups in the Project area. As a result, no Indigenous People would be affected as a result of the Project. A little more than one-fourth (30%) of the total PAHs were identified as falling in the category of socially and economically vulnerable groups. As detailed in Table 3.12 below, of the 1249 vulnerable affected households, 36% (451 PAHs) comprise of those losing more than 10% of their agriculture land thereby making them vulnerable. Amongst the remaining vulnerable households, 34% comprise of female headed PAHs, followed by 23% hardcore poor and disabled-headed PAHs.

Table 3.12 Vulnerable Affected Households by District

S.No. Vulnerable category District-wise Vulnerable PAHs Total

Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur No. %

1 Female headed PAHs including hardcore poor and disableds)

174 49 197 420 33.63

2 Disabled headed PAHs (male headed only) 39 10 43 92 7.37

3 Hardcore Poor PAHs 57 50 179 286 22.90

4 PAHs losing >10% of their income due to loss of agri-land

52 283 116 451 36.11

Total 322 392 535 1,249 100 Source: BIDS Census Survey,February 2011 and DDC LA Plan, December 2010

Taking into account the socio-economic vulnerabilities of the affected households, specific provisions and special measures have been incorporated in the RAP III to ensure that they are not marginalized in the process of Project development.

3.9 De-acquisition and Erosion of Land after Acquisition Notification Revision of RTW length at the design stage resulted in abandoning some land notified for acquisition in 2008 as per the feasibility level design. The notification under section (u/s) 3 of the 1982 Act on land acquisition on these abandoned areas has now been rescinded and the land has been returned to the owners. However, according to the Act, the titled owners so notified but later rescinded are eligible for some assistance. In addition, some RTW land along the river bank has already been eroded after notification. Owners of these eroded lands will receive resettlement assistance.

3.10 Post-Project Impact Induced impact on income and livelihood due to ferry closure will be updated through a survey prior to ferry closure.

24

CHAPTER 4 CONSULTATION, DISCLOSURE AND PARTICIPATION

Consultation and participation is a process through which stakeholders influence and share control over development initiatives, and the decisions and resources that affect them. Consultation with affected communities is the starting point for all resettlement related activities. Experience indicates that involuntary resettlement generally gives rise to severe problems for the affected population making them apprehensive towards the Project. These problems may be reduced if, as a part of Project planning and implementation, people are properly informed and consulted about the project, about their situation and preferences, and are allowed to make meaningful choices. Consultation is hence a two way process where the executing agency, policy makers, beneficiaries and affected persons discuss and share their concerns in a project process.

The international co-financiers‟ safeguard policies give high priority on public consultation and participation to enhance the community voice and assure incorporation of community‟s views in design and implementation of a socially and environmentally compliant project. However, current legislations on land acquisition and environmental issues in Bangladesh have some skewed provisions for communication and public participation. In keeping with the same, the process of public consultation and participation in the PMBP was first initiated in the year 2000 and has been an integral part since of all studies and assessments undertaken. The first study was initiated by GOB in the year 2000 for assessing the pre-feasibility of the Project for further investigation. This was followed by a feasibility study, commissioned in 2003 (through 2005) by JICA that included engineering design and site selection for construction of the bridge. With the findings and recommendations of the JICA feasibility report, GOB approached the international development financing institutions for possible funding for construction of PMBP over the Padma River at Mawa - Janjira points. Attempts have been made both in Project design and preparation of this RAP to encourage consultation and participation of the affected people and communities and incorporate their views, needs and aspirations into the Project components. The community was consulted during the public consultation meetings, which were organized at various stages. The objectives of all these consultations has been to inform the communities and population about the positive as well as negative impacts of the Project and seek their views, suggestions and inputs for minimizing the adverse effects, as far as possible, in keeping with the co-financiers safeguard policies and the national legislations.

4.1 Project Stakeholders A stakeholder is any person, group or institution that has an interest in an activity, plan or program. This includes intended beneficiaries and intermediaries, winners and losers, and those involved or excluded from decision-making processes. Table 4.1 below classifies and lists the key stakeholders in PMBP:

25

Table 4.1 Classification of the Project Stakeholders Type of

Stakeholder Stakeholder Profile

Primary

stakeholders

Project beneficiaries (residents and road users) of the southwestern, north-central and central region of Bangladesh and

Persons affected due to involuntary displacement and resettlement in the project area.

residents of the char lands within the project “boundary”

Secondary

stakeholders

Project owner and EA, Deputy Commissioners (DCs) and their supporting agencies, Local governments, Design and Management Consultants, Implementing Non-Government Organization (NGOs) and Independent External Monitor

Stakeholders within the coverage of the RAP I & RAP II are overlapping in many respects since many of them are losing land in the construction of both approach road and the RTWs. All efforts have been made to ensure the participation of all the key stakeholders in the Project. The consultation processes adopted during the Project preparation have been inclusive and has ensured participation of all relevant stakeholders at the national as well as local level.

4.2 Stakeholders‟ Attitudes towards the Project As a major infrastructure project, PMBP will have several impacts of varying significance. Despite those impacts, the affected households and communities were seen to have very positive attitudes to the Project. Aside from being proud of having a project of national importance in their area, the communities recognized the benefits of the bridge in terms of improved transportation and access to the southwest region, increased value of residual land, protection against erosion, multimodal transport facilities, opportunities for new businesses, employment and local development, resettlement in properly designed sites with civic amenities, and marketing and tourism development. The affected households were of the view that they would have an improved living environment at the resettlement sites with the availability of civic amenities and social infrastructure. Notably, poor and highly vulnerable households who had earlier no secured tenure would, for the first time, be provided with titled land (housing plots), economic stability and improved quality of life at the resettlement sites.

The support for the Project was further evidenced during the consultation meetings with the Co financiers‟ Safeguard Review Mission at proposed project sites in Mawa, Naodoba and Bakhorerkandi on 19 May 2009. The meetings were attended by a large number of affected families, community leaders, local officials and administrators. The mission members encouraged the participants to express themselves and engaged in detailed discussion on project impacts, community consultation, compensation, and awareness about the project and resettlement policies, and their level of support for the project. Some concerns were raised by the participants, particularly with regard to replacement costs for land acquired by the project. The degree of participation at the meetings was very active and those who attended the three consultation meetings showed their fullest support for the Project.31 The World Bank mission visited the project sites on November 13th 2009 and interacted with the affected communities and other stakeholders. The community shared both positive and negative impacts of the project and reconfirmed their support and cooperation for the project.

31 The support was also recorded in the mission’s Aide Memoire: “The mission found tremendous support for the project among the people

in the region, on both sides of the river, among various stakeholders, the government, and also among the project affected people. It was heartening to see unanimous support for the project among all concerned, even affected people, who view this as a project of high national priority which will bring prosperity to the nation and SWR (southwest region) when completed.” Aide Memoire: Safeguard Issues Identification and Review Mission (16-21 May 2009), para 2.3.

26

4.3 Consultation Process adopted in PMBP Although the consultative process in preparing a r esettlement plan is both mandated and critical, the situation under Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project demonstrates the usefulness of continuity in stakeholder communication through the several phases of project development. The public consultation process entailed clearly explaining the project and its impacts, in a consistent manner, to the community through the many technical assessments32.This approach was applied in the development of the RAP-III, which fully considered the community concerns in setting out options that would be acceptable to them.

The public consultation process in the project area began in 1999, as part of the first pre-feasibility study. The process continued under the JICA-funded Feasibility Study (2003-2005), at the preparation of RAP, LAP and EMP by the BBA (then JMBA) during 2005-2006 and during project preparation technical assistance study by ADB in 2006. The project-affected persons, particularly those in the corridor of impact, were consulted in designing the resettlement policy framework and entitlements. The meetings and workshops held with stakeholders on the Mawa and Janjira sides provided the affected households opportunities to express their concerns about land acquisition, compensation, and resettlement. The consultation process was further intensified during the detailed design period through formal and informal meetings, village level workshops, and disclosure of project impacts to the affected households and communities. This chapter presents a summary and overview of the consultations held over the project preparation period and detailed Design. Further details are available in the Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP)33.

4.3.1 Public Consultation and Participation during Feasibility Study BBA conducted a number of consultation meetings with the stakeholders during the feasibility studies and preparation of RAP, EMP and LAP (up to December 2005) for all components. The key methods adopted during the consultation process were Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) and stakeholders‟ Workshops.

Nine FGDs were conducted between October 2004 and December 2005. The FGDs were primarily focused on l and acquisition, environmental and social issues, wildlife/migratory birds and health hazards. Of the 9 FGDs, 3 were held in Mawa (Kandirpar, 9 October 2004; Medinimondol, 9 October 2004; and South Medinimondol, 12 December 2004) and 6 in Janjira (Mataborchar, 28 September 2004; Sikderkandi, 4 October 2004; Joynuddin Matbarkandi, 8 October 2004; Naodoba Bazaar, 14 December 2005; Matborchar Union Parishad (UP) Office, 20 D ecember 2005; and Naodoba, 22 December 2005). On an average, close to 50 participants (BBA staff, consultants, village leaders, local officials, affected persons – farmers, women and the poor) attended each FGD.

The anticipated impacts of the Project were disclosed to the affected people at the beginning of the FGDs. Major issues discussed included: (i) Land acquisition and possible alternatives ROW; (ii) Hydrology, drainage and riverbank erosion; (iii) Fisheries, wildlife; (iv) Health hazards; (v) Tree cutting and impacts on local ecosystems; (vi) Community severance; (vii) Employment/job opportunities and occupational changes; (viii) Traffic congestion; (ix) Cultural resources and social infrastructure; (x) impacts on char lands; and (xi) relocation and resettlement. The participants were very active in the discussions and their approaches to the problems associated with the Project. The recommendations were recorded as minutes of meeting (with the communities concerned) that would provide the basis for follow-up discussions, if required. Some of the key recommendations of the FGDs were:

All possible alternatives should be examined to minimize land acquisition for the bridge, approach roads and river training works.

Impacts of the bridge construction on t he flood regime, drainage, erosion, water and f isheries – particularly hilsa migration -- should be considered with utmost care and attention.

Adequate number of tube-wells should be installed for drinking and other uses.

32 Pre-feasibility Study of Padma Bridge by the Government of Bangladesh in 1999, JICA Feasibility Study during 2003-2005, BBA LAP, RAP and EMP preparation 2005-6 and ADB PPTA in 2006. 33 Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP), November 2009

27

Local health facilities should be further developed to control water-borne diseases.

New cultural resources and social infrastructure should be established in consultation with local people.

Compensation for all losses – land, structure, trees - should be at market rate.

Resettlement sites should have all basic civic amenities.

Underpasses should be constructed in case of community severance due to the approach road.

Project impacts on char lands should be considered carefully. In addition to the above, five PRA workshops were conducted involving affected villagers of all social classes. Two PRA workshops were held on the Mawa side (South Medinimondol, 9 October 2004 and Medinimondol UP office, 12 December 2005), and three were conducted on the Janjira side (Naodoba, 8 October 2004; Fazlu Matbor Kandi, 14 December 2005; and Bakhorerkandi, 19 December 2005).

The objectives of these exercises and village-level workshops was to make qualitative assessment of social impacts, including (i) project impacts and benefits, together with community response to the Project; (ii) nature and type of project-induced losses; (iii) potential mitigation measures for resettlement; and (iv) restoration of income losses; and (v) social development issues, with particular emphasis on women and vulnerable groups. Further goals of PRA exercises were to:

Ensure participation of the local people Create opportunity to play a role and express their views Promote “people-centered” resettlement and development strategies Analyze household and community level issues to draw early attention for mitigations and/or

resolution Social preparation for relocation, confidence and capacity building for community level

resettlement management Empowerment of the community with information so that they can use their best judgment in

deciding appropriate measures.

Through village mapping and profile analysis, the villagers identified potential positive and negative impacts of the proposed Project. They noted that the Project would (a) create new employment and business opportunities; (b) make river crossing easier, safer and quicker; (c) provide for better healthcare and recreational facilities; and (d) increase the mobility of women, which would enhance family incomes. The negative impacts that they perceived include loss of properties due to project development, and indirect impacts and job losses at the ferry ghat due to closure of ferries in the post-project period. Table 4.2 lists their perceived categories of loss, mitigation measures, and compensation schedules.

Table 4.2 Identification of Losses and Recommended Entitlements S.No. Category of Losses Proposed Entitlements Time schedule for

payments 1 Land, homestead,

commercial Replacement value 6 months before handing

over

2 Crops, fruits trees, timber plants, fruits

Market price One month before handing over

3 Residential, commercial structures

Market price 3 month before dislocation

4 Loss of residence by non-titled persons/squatters

Compensation for lost structures, house plots at resettlement sites, and employment opportunities

3 months before dislocation

5 Tube-wells, sanitary To be established by the project During shifting of houses

28

Table 4.2 Identification of Losses and Recommended Entitlements S.No. Category of Losses Proposed Entitlements Time schedule for

payments facilities

6 Loss of income by men and women

Employment by the Project; establish new cottage industry

One month before losing income source

7 Loss of business premises

Special assistance to re-establish business

During shifting

8 Pond aquaculture Replacement value of pond, value of fish stock (allowed to take)

Cost of structure, house plot at resettlement site and employment opportunity

9 Brick kiln Replacement value of land and brick kiln and compensation for loss of business

Prior to removal of structure

The recommendations from FGD, PRA and Workshops have been considered in developing social and environmental safeguards framework for the Project.

4.3.2 Consultations during PPTA Studies The stakeholders consultation meetings conducted during the ADB PPTA period focused on resettlement sites, site development issues, and relocation of community-cultural resources.34 In addition, five consultation meetings in the chars, upstream of the bridge site were conducted. During the consultative process, it was emphasized to the EA that land acquisition should be minimized and creative solutions devised to achieve that end; for example, in drawing attention to the relocation of the mosque at Mawa, it was suggested that constructing a retaining wall along the viaduct might allow the mosque to remain at its present site. The EA and government authorities were consulted on the legal and procedural aspects of the entitlement matrix and the methodology for determining replacement values. The recommendations from the consultation meetings were reflected in the Resettlement Plan.

4.4 Disclosure and Consultation on River Training Works As part of detailed design preparatory work, disclosure and consultation meetings were carried out in the RTW affected area in October 2009. These meetings were attended by the affected households, affected households, local elected officials (i.e., Upazila chairman and members), Upazila (sub-district) officers, Design Consultants (Main Bridge/AR Engineer, RTW Specialist, Safeguards Specialists, INGO and BBA staff. The primary objective of these meetings was to explain the three RTW options to the local population vis-à-vis the RTW option proposed during the feasibility study35. The feasibility study had proposed 6 kms of river training on Mawa Side and 11.5 kms on the Janjira side for the protection of the bridge. Against the feasibility study proposal, the design consultant presented three probable options which are as follows:

Option 1: 4 kms RTW in Mawa and 14 km RTW in Janjira as Preferred Option

Option 2: 4 kms RTW in Mawa and 3 guide bund on the Janira side mainland

Option 3: 4 kms RTW in Mawa and guide bund at bridge location in Janjira and two guide bund on the upstream chars to guide the flow of the river.

34 Padma Bridge Project (Annex 2:1 Consultation and Stakeholder Participation), November 2006. 35 Attempts were made to contact Jamuna Char Development Program (JCDP) without success. The street address of JCDP and contact numbers available in the internet and old documents are not presently in use by JCDP.

29

Following the sharing of the above design options, further consultations were undertaken in November and December 2009 in the charlands upstream and downstream of the bridge location. (See Table 4.3). However, the RTW was finally revised to 2.00 km in the Mawa side and 11.6 km in the Janjira side.

Table 4.3 Summary of the Consultations undertaken on River Training Work

Date of the consultation

Place of the Consultation

Key Issues discussed

5 Nov 2009 Kutubpur Union Char

The community perception about the Project

the impact of RTW on chars upstream and downstream and

Community views of the mitigation of any adverse impacts.

11 – 12 Nov 2009

Char Janajat (Upstream)

Shimuliar Char (downstream)

Understanding the char profiles

Char people‟s view on the Bridge

Discussion on RTW options and impacts

Feedback on potential mitigation and management

12 Dec 2009 Diara Naodoa Char

To understand the profile of the char population in the context of any potential impact of the Project

Development of response and mitigation strategies including Charland Management & development plan for the affected char communities.

These consultations meetings were helpful in understanding the behavior of the river “without the Project” in terms of how the chars are formed and eroded and how people adapt to natural process of erosion, migration and resettlement in the char. The meetings brought forth that erosion and accretion of charlands is endemic in the Project area. Particular attention was paid during these consultations on understanding the position of the char people on impact of RTW on the char lands and their suggestions on the RTW design and the char development plan.

Figure 4.1 Consultations in the Charlands at group and community level within the project

zone of influence in the last quarter of 2009

30

The local perception is that the Project may aggravate the scale of erosion in the area. The local stakeholder also considered that BBA should plan for assisting the people in the event of induced flooding and erosion caused by the Project. In the meeting at Diara Naodoa Char, some stakeholders considered that there should not be any river training work and the river should be allowed to take its natural course as in the past. Only limited RTW should be undertaken at the bridge landing area on both sides for the protection of the bridge.

4.5 Additional consultations on revised RTW In view of the changes in the RTW design, additional consultation and disclosure meetings were held in the project area with particular attention to RTW impacts and relocation needs of the affected households. In all 9 consultation meetings were conducted from 23 December 2010 to 14 May 2011 during the census of the entire RTW right-of-way as well as following the completion of the census to discuss the impacts among the project affected persons. Table 4.4 provides a summary of the meetings held, including the issues discussed in the meeting, concerns raised by the affected persons, and mitigation measures that emerged from the discussions.

Table 4.4 Summary of Additional Consultations and Disclosure Meetings on

Revised RTW Location and

Date Number Attended

Key Issues discussed Concern raised by APs

Dakshin Medinimondal

Brick field Office Mawa, May 14, 2011

11:00 am

80

persons

Relocation of Mawa fish market, Kali Temple and Cobbler community. Compensation for RTW land and delays. Revised RTW and impacts. Allocation of plots in RS3-Kumerbogh. Small group relocation and preparedness. Demolition of new illegal structures (after cut-off date) on the right-of-way of RTW.

Separate place for fish and cobbler community and access to the river by the fish market

Uttar Kumarbogh, Purbapara-

Mawa May 14, 2011

3:00 pm

110 persons

Compensation payments for RTW and CY land in Mawa. Relocation option and choices for plot allocation. Residual land-holders will get low priority at RS site. Self-managed relocation and benefits. Application for RS plot and screening. RTW construction schedule and relocation. Host village benefits

RTW affected persons should get RS plots. Compensation payments by DC offices and harassments. Quick payments of compensation for RTW lands.

Kutubpur and Paschim Naodoba

11 May 2011 1:00 pm

60 persons

Approach Roads compensation and RV paid. Relocation schedule and preparation. Plot distribution at RS site Self-managed resettlement and benefits Host area benefits

Assistance for land development for self-resettlers. Income opportunities in post-resettlement period.

Naodoba Primary School,

11 May 2011 3:00 pm

200 persons

Construction schedule for Approach Road. Relocation preparation and application for plots at RS site Self-managed resettlement and benefits. RS site development and readiness. Land development assistance. Self-managed resettlement to be encouraged.

Release of transfer grant for self-managed resettlers. Delay in RTW land compensation has caused difficulties. Lack of staff in DC office affect quick payments

Bakorerkandi High School 11 May 2011

11:00 am

200 persons

Possession of approach road land by contractor by Oct 2011. Relocation schedule and social preparation. Readiness of the RS for relocation. Self-managed relocation to be preferred.

Guidelines for plot allocation at RS site. Additional assistance for self-managed resettlers.

31

Location and Date

Number Attended

Key Issues discussed Concern raised by APs

Host area benefits. Uttar

Kumerbogh, Purba para

18 Feb 2011 4:30 pm

500 persons

Need for RTW modification – rationale. Plot for APs in RS site, if needed, new RS site to be built. GOB determined to build the bridge – affected persons to be taken care of.

Plot allocation is RS for all affected households.

Mawa Guest House

01 Feb 2011 3:00 pm

200 persons

Additional land requirements for RTW design due to design changes. Disclosure and consultation on the design impacts

Need to reduce any fresh acquisition

Mawa Guest House

17 Jan 2011 11:00 am

100 persons

RTW design and need for fresh census. New structures on the proposed ROW not to be recognized. Padma LA Act 2010 to control fraudulent claims

Move my many villagers to erect new structures for fraud the government.

Bakorerkandi

Madrasha 23 Dec 2010

500 persons

RTW design and new alignment. Need for fresh census by BIDS. Padma LA Act and illegal and unauthorized structures (after BIDS census)

Move by many for erecting illegal structure on RTW right-of-way

Figure 4.2 Consultation meetings held with various stakeholders and affected persons during

May 2011 at Mawa and Janjira sides.

32

The discussions were led by BBA-RU staff and assisted by the design consultants and the INGO. The consultation meetings were helpful in drawing plans for managements of additional requirements for plots at RS site. The feedback were particularly used to develop new entitlements – for instance‟ (i) land development assistance for self-managed resettlers, and (ii) increase in the number of plots at RS site by reducing the number of 7.5 decimal plots. The consultation meetings carried out in May clearly indicate that a large number of resettlers in Janjira and Sibchar want to move on their own either as small group resettlers and/or to host villages. There is significant demand for 2.5 dec plots in Kumerbhog RS.

4.6 Environmental Assessment Consultative Process The consultative process for the RAP III was complemented by a series of consultations conducted as part of the environmental assessment. Although approaching the project from a different perspective, it nonetheless provided a valuable way of assessing not only the awareness and concerns of the communities regarding environmental issues, but also their responsiveness to associated social issues. The consultations continued the process of closely interacting with the affected communities during project planning.

The stakeholder consultations included 10 FGDs held during April-September at various proposed project sites (5 at the resettlement sites, one on the Char lands, two at the service areas, and two at construction yards). The participants mentioned that a sound environmental mitigation plan be prepared to address the various impacts anticipated during the pre-construction, construction and implementation stages and to ensure the protection of sensitive locations. Among the issues discussed was the development of the resettlement sites, which would involve the construction of internal roads, drainage, sewerage and sanitation facilities, and the provision of utilities and social infrastructure. The participants were provided with preliminary designs of the resettlement sites and reassured that the design team had taken those aspects fully into consideration to be able to provide improved living conditions for resettlers as well as adequate housing plots. It was also recognized that a community environment management plan would be important to provide guidance to community management teams who would be drawn from resettlement site residents. As with the resettlement discussions, the participants reiterated their major concerns about land acquisition and the need for proper compensation, livelihood restoration, and access to religious structures and civic amenities. Overall, the outcomes of the consultations and discussions were positive, with participants expressing their expectation that the Padma Bridge would bring significant economic benefits to the region.

4.7 Public Disclosure of RAP III As indicated earlier, this RAP for RTW for project processing purpose will be disclosed with the updated version during Project implementation. However, the overall impacts of the RTW on both sides have been discussed with the affected area population. The adopted RTW option and its impact will be identified during the Project implementation and a revised RAP III will be prepared as per the same. The Consultation process for revised RAP III will be continued guided by the principles as laid down in the Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP). The revised Project design, impact and policies for mitigation of adverse social will be duly disclosed to affected persons and host communities. The summary of the revised RAP III will be translated into Bangla and will be made available to the affected people by the Executing Agency (EA) prior toits implementation. Disclosures will also be continued using the following other instruments:

Advertisement in newspapers; Advertisement in radio and television; Billboards and posters; Community workshops; Information brochures (draft at Annex VI); Information in focal points at district, upazila and union levels; Information pamphlets; Personal contact; and Village level meetings.

33

4.8 Strategy for Community Consultation and Participation during implementation

BBA will continue the consultation process during the implementation of RAP-III. Resettlement-related brochures, leaflets and other communications materials in the local language (Bangla) will be published for distribution among the affected households. These materials will also be available in the Union Parishad, Upazilas and district offices in the project area. Further steps will be taken to (i) keep the affected people informed about additional land acquisition plan, compensation policies and payments, resettlement plan, schedules and process, and (ii) ensure that project-affected persons are involved in making decisions concerning their relocation and implementation of RAP-III. The consultation and participation will be instrumented through individual contacts, FGDs, open meetings and workshops. Details of the consultation and participation process have been presented in the Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP). PCPP is a comprehensive document that seeks to define a technically and culturally appropriate approach for consultation and participation and has been prepared in compliance with co-financiers policies and national legislations. The larger goal of PCPP is to ensure that adequate and timely information is made available to the project affected people and communities and sufficient opportunities are provided to them to voice their opinions and concerns and participate in influencing upcoming project decisions.

34

CHAPTER 5

POLICY FRAMEWORK, ENTITLEMENTS AND RELOCATION

5.1 Legislations Governing Land Acquisition in Bangladesh The principal legal instrument governing land acquisition in Bangladesh is the Acquisition and

Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance 1982 (Ordinance II with amendments in 1989, 1993, and 1994). The 1982 Ordinance requires that compensation be paid for (i) land and assets permanently acquired (including houses, trees, and standing crops,); and (ii) any other impacts caused by such acquisition. The Ordinance provides certain safeguards for the owners and has provision for payment of “fair value” for the property acquired. In addition to the Ordinance, another relevant law that applies to the Project due to acquisition of bankline for river training works, is the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1951 (Section 7) that defines the ownership and use right of alluvion (payosti) and diluvion land (sikosti) in the country. Legally, GOB owns the bankline and eroded land in the river. However, the “original” owner(s) can claim the land if it reappears in a natural process within 30 years from the date of erosion. Due to river training and other protection measures, landowners might lose access to new land in situ or original site. Therefore, land acquired for the bridge, including bankline, would be considered for compensation after a joint review of the alluvion and diluvion (AD) line established by the Deputy Commissioner(s) of the three districts.

In all cases, the Deputy Commissioner (DC) determines (i) market value of acquired assets on the date of notice of acquisition (based on the registered value of similar property bought and/or sold in the area over the preceding 12 months); and (ii) 50% premium on the assessed value (other than crops) due to compulsory acquisition. The DC payments or “awarded” to owners is called cash compensation under law (CCL). The value thus paid is invariably less than the “market value” as owners customarily report undervalued land transaction prices in order to pay lower stamp duty and registration fees. As a result, compensation for land paid by DC, including premium, remains less than the real market price or replacement value (RV).36 If land acquired has standing crops cultivated by tenant (bargadar), the law requires that part of the compensation money be paid in cash to the tenants with registered deeds only. Places of worship, graveyard and cremation grounds are not to be acquired for any purpose. The Ordinance does not permit the affected persons to take the salvageable materials for which compensation have been paid by the DC.

Under the 1982 Ordinance, the Government is obliged to pay compensation only for the assets acquired. Further, the Ordinance does not deal with social and economic impacts as a consequence of land acquisition. For instance, the Ordinance does not cover project-affected persons without titles such as informal settler (squatters), occupiers, and informal tenants and lease-holders (without registration document). Further, the Ordinance has no provision for resettlement of affected households and businesses or any assistance for restoration of livelihoods of the affected persons. In addition to the 1982 Ordinance this project will also use the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (Land

Acquisition) Act 2009 (Act 31) for the process of land acquisition.

5.2 Resettlement Experience in Bangladesh At present, there exists no approved national policy on involuntary resettlement in Bangladesh. A draft national policy on involuntary resettlement was prepared in early 2008 by the Ministry of Land for consideration of the Government of the Bangladesh.37 Despite this internationally financed Project –

36 There is provision for Arbitration Appellate Tribunal on compensation assessment by the DC, but the law allows only 10 percent enhancements on the DC “award.” 37 The Policy was drafted under ADB TA 4517-BAN: Development of a National Policy on Involuntary Resettlement in Bangladesh. The Ministry of Land (MOL) was the Executing Agency of the TA. MOL is in the process of finalizing the policy for submission to the Cabinet.

35

particularly in large bridge projects such as the Jamuna, Bhairab, Paksey, and Rupsa bridge projects, the ensuing involuntary resettlements were planned and implemented successfully in the country. Resettlement in the Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project (JMBP), indeed, is considered a leading example with many “good practices” – for example, (i) identification of all affected persons and issuance of ID cards; (ii) cut-off date established by census38; (iii) preparation automated EP files and EC (iv) Preparation of payment statement (v) compensation for losses irrespective of titles; (vi) replacement value of land and other assets; (vii) resettlement of the affected households; (viii) special provisions for assistance to poor women and vulnerable groups; (ix) training/livelihood programs for income and livelihood restoration; (x) project benefits for “host” villages; (xi) management information system for processing resettlement benefits, monitoring and evaluation; and (xii) involvement of NGOs in RAP implementation – which has influenced many other projects since its completion in 1998, including the development of the draft national policy, which is awaiting approval by the Government. BBA (formerly Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Authority) is fully familiar with the co-financiers policy requirements and has adopted many of the JMBP “good practices” in designing safeguard policies for the RAPs prepared for resettlement of affected persons of the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project.

5.3 Harmonization with Co-financing Policies The international development financing institutions, co-financing the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, have their own safeguard policies to minimize displacement and require time-bound action plans with measures to restore or improve livelihood and income of those affected by development projects. Since the 1982 Ordinance falls short of the safeguard requirements, the project land acquisition and resettlement policy has been developed and harmonized with Co-financiers‟ safeguard requirements. The harmonization was carried out through a gap analysis involving the 1982 Ordinance II and the co-financiers safeguard policies39 and identification of gap-filling measures. The harmonization has also benefitted from the “good practices” in resettlement of affected persons in Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project (for details, see Annex 1, Vol. 6 Resettlement Framework). The harmonization of co-financiers‟ safeguard policies is given in Annex I. The gaps between the harmonized policy matrix and the Government of Bangladesh policies, including project-specific gap filling measures, are detailed in Annex II. The harmonized policy forms the basis for preparing resettlement action plan (RAP) for various components of the project in a phased manner.

5.4 Resettlement Policy Framework for the Project The resettlement policy framework for RAP-III has been designed to (a) cover all affected persons irrespective of titles to land, (b) compensation for lost assets, and (c) restore or enhance the livelihoods of all categories of affected persons. The households/persons affected by the component of RTW will not only receive cash compensation for land and other assets at full replacement cost as per market price at the time of dispossession but additional measures will also be undertaken to ensure minimum disruption of their lives and livelihoods during project construction period. Households to be displaced physically and affected economically will receive due compensation, relocation assistance, and allowances in accordance with the following guidelines and policy which are also part of Project Resettlement Framework.40

(i) Affected persons will receive replacement value of the land and other assets before relocation. Likewise, loss of standing crops and trees will be compensated at market price.

(ii) Owners of residential/commercial units will be compensated at replacement costs. Renters/leaseholders affected by loss of living quarters or commercial premises will receive compensation and resettlement benefit due to loss of income.

38 Impact inventory is generated through census of affected physical assets (other than land) including cultivated ponds, trees and crops. The dates of conducting census are considered as cut-off dates established by Census for non-titled persons. All assistance as per resettlement policy framework is provided based on losses identified by the Census. However, losses for titled owners are taken from the DCs award information. 39 ADB Involuntary Resettlement Policy (1995) and ADB Safeguard Policy Strategy 2009; JICA (former JBIC) Guidelines for

Environmental and Social Considerations, April 2002, and World Bank Guidelines, OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, 2003. 40 The Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project - Land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework (Draft), 27 April 2009.

36

(iii) Affected community structures or physical cultural resources will be re-built or replaced at market prices under project supervision.

(iv) Affected people will receive assistance to re-establish lost assets or livelihood. The owners of de-acquired land will receive assistance. Persons affected in their income and livelihood due to ferry closure will also be assisted.

(v) The needs of women and vulnerable groups will be identified and provisions made for social and economic development support, employment, and means of subsistence to improve their status/livelihoods.

(vi) Resettlement sites will be developed by the project with civic amenities to resettle the affected people, particularly those losing homestead and business structures, within the proximity of their “original” villages.

(vii) BBA/resettlement implementing NGO will assist PAPs and business-owners/operators – directly and indirectly affected – in all aspects. The EA (through resettlement unit) will involve all stakeholders in the decision-making process concerning relocation and resettlement.

(viii) BBA will guide, supervise, and monitor the land acquisition, compensation payment, and resettlement of the PAPs, including grievance redress and resolution of disputed claims for compensation/resettlement benefits.

(ix) Grievance redress committees (GRCs) will be formed to ensure participation, and speedy and out of court settlement of as many disputes as possible.

(x) Independent third party monitoring by an External Monitoring Agency (EMA) will be contracted to monitor resettlement operations and outcomes evaluation.

All affected households and persons, as per the above policy/principles and guidelines, will be eligible for compensation and resettlement assistance from the project. The policy framework for the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project has been designed to ensure that those affected are not disadvantaged, receive full support during the resettlement processes and can regain their lost income and livelihoods. The entitlements are further explained and elaborated in the entitlement matrix.

5.5 Cut-off Dates Eligibility to receive compensation and resettlement assistance will be limited by the cut-off date (COD). The cut-off date for compensation under law (Ordinance II of 1982 with amendments) is considered for those identified on the project right of way land proposed for acquisition at the time of service of notice under section 3 or joint verification by Deputy Commissioners (DCs) whichever is earlier (legal COD). The affected households and titleholders have already received notice under section 3 from the concerned DC on 16 March 2008 in Munshiganj, 07 January 2008 in Madaripur and 23 January 2008 in Shariatpur district41.

BIDS Census survey carried out in February 2011 will be considered the Cutt-of-date in case of RTW for eligibility for any non-titled persons such as nodibashi or uthuli or other informal settlers living in the acquired area or similar designated date by BBA (BBA COD). Any persons moving into the project area after the cut-off dates will not be entitled for compensation from DCs or any assistance from BBA. However, any PAPs not covered in the enumerations before the CODs can be enlisted with sufficient proof and approval from the GRCs.

41 As per Ordinance II of 1982, service of notice under section (u/s) 3 prohibits the owners of the land under proposed acquisition from any change of land type, their use and construction of any structure on the land or transfer ownership. If acquisition takes unusual time after notice u/s 3 or exceeds 60 days after placement of fund from requiring body (BBA), the owners can transfer the land on emergencies. In such case, new owners can claim compensation when acquisition takes place producing ownership documents and mutation. In case of new construction, DCs (as per PMBP LA Act 2009) has the discretion to review and consider, if not constructed on malafide intention to defraud the government. However, BBA will rely on award information for identification of owners of affected land and property for resettlement. If any loss is not recognized by DCs, the BIDS census will recognize them as per safeguard policy. The Ordinance II is strict to avoid manipulation in the compensation process which is further supported with the PMBP (LA) Act 2009.

37

BBA carried out a video filming of the right-of-way land, structure and trees during the survey conducted by BCL in 2006 to control fraudulent claims at implementation stage. This will be further updated and cross-verified by satellite images of the project area to be provided by CEGIS42. Meanwhile, the Government of Bangladesh has already taken legal measures to refuse compensation for “fake structures” erected on project right-of-way to claim compensation (Annex VII)43.

5.6 Valuation of Assets Deputy Commissioner (DC) follows the rules laid down in the 1982 Ordinance to determine market prices for assets like land, structures and trees/crops, with assistance from other relevant departments such as Public Works Department (PWD) for structures, Forest Department for trees, and Departments of Agricultural Extension and Agriculture Marketing for crops. The assessed value is typically lower than the replacement costs. To ensure that the project-affected persons can replace the lost property, replacement value will be provided as determined by a Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC) constituted by BBA with representatives from BBA, concerned DC office, upazila

(local government), and PWD (Public Works Department). PVAC has already been approved by the government and gazetted on 25 October 2009. Government gazette on formation and functions of PVAC and the methogoloy of determining replavcement value of affected assets are attached in Annex-VIII.

The Detailed Design (DD) Team will provide all technical support to the PVAC to assess and recommend the replacement value of properties acquired to the Bridge Division, Ministry of Communication for approval. BBA will pay the difference between the replacement value and the DC payments under the 1982 Ordinance II. In addition, PAPs will be allowed to take away the materials salvaged from their dismantled houses and shops at no costs, despite compensation paid by the DCs. A notice to that effect will be issued by DC Office that PAPs can take away the materials.

5.7 Resettlement Eligibility and Entitlements

5.7.1 Eligibility Criteria All affected persons will be entitled to compensation and resettlement assistance based on severity of impacts and ownership status.44 Lack of legal documents for customary rights of occupancy/titles shall not affect eligibility for compensation and assistance. In addition to compensation paid by the concerned Deputy Commissioner (DC), the PAPs will receive additional assistance in cash or kind to match replacement costs, which are the assessed market value of land at the time of dispossession including cost of titling such as stamp duty and registration costs, assessed cost of consruction of houses/structures including land development, market value of trees, crops and perennials, and other cash grants and resettlement assistance such as shifting and reconstruction allowance, compensation for loss of workdays/income due to dislocation.

Structures located on previously acquired land, if affected on project purpose, shall not be compensated by the DCs but will be entitled for resettlement benefits from the Project. Socio-economically vulnerable households such as - female-headed households, households below poverty line, households headed by disabled and those losing more than 10% of their total income as a result of the Project will be given additional cash assistance for relocation and house reconstruction. Households losing land only will be provided with additional assistance as dislocation allowance over the compensation for land at full replacement cost.

42 The satellite image will be taken by end January 2010 using WorldView-2. Satellite image of Right of Way using WorldView-2 will be able to show more specific view of the existing structures and physical setting and will serve the purpose of video image of project right of way. 43 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (Land Acquisition) Act 2009 (Act 31 of 2009). 44 The severity of impacts is based on the difference between temporary and permanent effects and minor and significant impacts as defined in the Glossary of Terms derived from co-financiers safeguard policies on involuntary resettlement.

38

Affected Physical Cultural Resources (PCR) will be entitled for all compensation as above and will be rebuilt at Project cost at alternative permanent sites selected by the affected community. These resources will be replaced through the concerned service providers and public authorities.

Measures such as “host area benefits” – for example, additional class rooms in the existing schools, access roads, improved water supply and sanitation – to increase the carrying capacity in the existing facilities and areas will be undertaken so that resettled families are welcomed by the host community.

Resettlement sites have been selected at designated locations suitable for relocation of the households losing their housing and failing in finding out alternative permanent sites for relocation. Households displaced from their housing will be entitled for a plot at nearby resettlement sites on 99 years lease basis (see more in Chapter 6).

Unit of entitlement will be Entitled Person (EP) or household (if there is only one EP) in the household unless otherwise stated in RAP Implementation Manual. Additional cash grant to reach at replacement value of land will be entitled to individual titleholders /titled co-sharers. Titleholders will be eligible for individual compensation from DC as well as other resettlement assistance from BBA-RU. Non-titleholders will not be eligible for compensation for land acquired but will be entitled for compensation and assistance for the structure, trees and crops and other investment made by them on the land occupied by them and recognized legally or socially. PAPs identified as vulnerable will be eligible for additional assistance. For loss of access to land, they will be assisted to covercome the income losses and find new lands to move. PAPs will be permitted to take away the salvaged materials free of cost.

5.7.2 Compensation and Entitlement Policy Entitlements for different categories of losses and their corresponding PAPs have been given in the entitlement matrix. Eligibility of PAPs will be governed by the entitlement matrix, cut-off dates and other conditions as per RAP Implementation Manual (Administrative Manual and Payment Modality).

Table 5.1 provides an entitlement matrix for different types of losses and dislocation, based on established IOL. The matrix also includes provisions for any unanticipated impacts arising during project implementation. The mitigation measures in the matrix are consistent with co-financiers‟ safeguard requirements. They also reflect “good practice” for examples (e.g., replacement value for land, dislocation allowance, transfer grant, relocation at project-sponsored resettlement sites, grievance redresses, income and livelihood restoration, third party independent monitoring etc.) from the Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project. Compensation and other assistance will be paid to PAPs prior to dislocation and dispossession from acquired assets or three months prior to construction activities, whichever is earlier.

Table 5.1 Eligibility and Entitlement Matrix Loss Item 1: LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND

Unit of Entitlement

Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services

Legal owner(s) as identified by Deputy Commissioner (DC) in the process of CCL payment.

1. Replacement Value (RV) of agricultural land.

2. Dislocation Allowance of BDT 100 (one hundred) per decimal but the total amount will not exceed BDT 20,000/- (twenty thousand).

1. RV will be recommended by PVAC.

2. Deputy Commissioner (DC) will pay cash compensation under law (CCL) for the land.

3. If RV is higher than CCL, the difference will be paid by BBA with assistance from the RAP Implementing NGO (INGO).

4. The dislocation allowance will be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO.

1. Legal owners will be assisted by INGO to organize legal documents in support of their ownership.

2. INGO will identify loss and entitlement of female owners and co-sharers through share determination at the field upon receipt of payment data from DC office.

Implementation Issues: 1. Landowners (private owners) will be informed of the details of the land acquisition and compensation

process, resettlement package and payment procedure. 2. PVAC will recommend RV for land based on current market price (CMP) assessed by an independent

39

agency at the time of dispossession including cost of titling. CMP will be assessed for each affected mouza for each type of land averaging (i) minimum approved price of land available at respective Sub-registrars‟ offices, (ii) reported price, and (iii) transacted price of land at those mouzas (CMP should not be less than minimum approved price of land). RV will be obtained by adding the titling cost prorated on the CMP thus obtained (RV=CMP+CMPxa%, where „a‟ is the rate of applicable registration cost for purchasing the land for CMP equivalent amount of money). RV will be approved by the Ministry of Communications.

3. DC will determine the market price of land averaging last 12 months sale prices (from the date of service of notice u/s 3) as per registration deeds in affected mouzas for each type of land obtained from respective sub-registrar‟s offices. For all private land, the market price will be enhanced by 50% for compensation under law (CCL). For khas land (DC is the owner at respective districts on behalf of the government), CCL will be the assessed market price without 50% enhancement.

4. Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under section 6 with assistance from INGO.

5. The INGO shall encourage Entitled Persons (EPs) to consider purchasing land or investing the money in productive/ income generating activities.

Loss Item 2: LOSS OF HOMESTEAD, COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL LAND AND COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES

Unit of Entitlement


Legal owner(s) as identified by DC in the process of CCL payment.

1. Replacement Value (RV) of land.

2. Dislocation Allowance @ BDT 200 (two hundred) per decimal but the total amount will not exceed BDT 20,000/- (twenty thousand).

3. A plot in the residential or commercial area of the resettlement site (RS) for the homestead or commercial land losers respectively.

1. PVAC will recommend RV. 2. DC will pay CCL for the land. 3. If RV is higher than CCL, the

difference will be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO.

4. Other resettlement assistance in cash will be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO.

5. PAPs, upon allocation of an RS plot, will pay the price of the plot to BBA at the rate of CCL of the land acquired for the RS.



Implementation Issues: 1. Project affected persons (PAPs) will be informed of the details of the compensation policy, resettlement

package and payment procedure. 2. RV will be determined and approved for the project following the procedure as stated under LOSS ITEM

1. 3. CCL for private and khas land will be determined by DC as stated under LOSS ITEM 1. 4. Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under Section 6 with

assistance from the INGO. 5. The INGO will encourage and motivate EPs to purchase homestead/ commercial/ community or industrial

land or invest the compensation money in productive or income generating activities. 6. The resettlement site plots will be allocated to the head of the deserving households on a 99 years lease

basis on payment at the rate of compensation of the homestead land acquired for the RS.

40

Loss Item 3: LOSS OF WATER BODIES (PONDS, BOTH CULTIVATED AND NON-CULTIVATED)

Unit of Entitlement



1. RV of the water body (private land).

2. Dislocation Allowance of BDT 100 (one hundred) per decimal for perennial water-body but the total amount will not exceed BDT 20,000/- (twenty thousand).

1. PVAC will recommend RV of private land.

2. DC will pay CCL for the land. 3. If RV is higher than CCL, the

difference will be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO.

4. Other resettlement benefits will be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO.


INGO will identify loss and entitlement of female owners and co-sharers through share determination at the field upon receipt of payment data from DC office.

Implementation Issues: 1. Owners or cultivators of land and water body will be informed of the details of the compensation policy,

resettlement package and payment procedure. 2. RV will be determined and approved for the project following the procedure as stated under LOSS ITEM 1. 3. CCL of private and khas land will be determined by DC as stated under LOSS ITEM 1. 4. Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under section 6 with

assistance from the INGO. 5. The INGO shall encourage and motivate EPs to consider purchasing water body or investing the

compensation monies in productive or income generating activities.

Loss Item 4: LOSS OF RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES WITH TITLE TO LAND

Unit of Entitlement



1. RV of residential structure.

2. Transfer Grant @ BDT 7 (seven) per sft of affected structure.

3. Reconstruction Grant @ BDT 10 (ten) per sft of affected structure.

4. Special Assistance of one-time payment of BDT 5,000/- (five thousand) for each female, disabled, elderly headed and very poor household.

5. Owner will be allowed to take away all salvageable materials free of cost.

1. Applicable to all structures located on the Right of Way (ROW) at cut-off dates.

2. PVAC will recommend the RV of structures.

3. Inventory Verification Committee (IVC) will verify and record structures eligible for RV and other assistance.

4. DC will pay CCL for structure and if CCL is less than RV, BBA will pay the difference directly with assistance from INGO.

5. BBA will provide other resettlement benefits directly with assistance from INGO.

Assistance in relocation and reconstruction.

Implementation Issues:

41

1. Joint Verification (DC and BBA) and/or Census will identify (records floor areas and category) structure for titled owners.

2. PVAC will recommend replacement value (RV) of structure considering the cost of materials, labour inputs and land development cost at current market rates. Ministry of Communications will approve the RV of structures recommended by PVAC.

3. DC office with assistance from district PWD office will determine the market price of structures and enhance it by 50% for cash compensation under law (CCL).

4. Compensation must be paid before EP dismantles and removes the structures as per civil works requirement.

5. The date of service of notice u/s 3 will be the cut-off date for titled owners and BIDS Census will be recognized as the cut-off date for structures not covered by DC. In case of major differences identified between databases, BBA will verify the data through the Inventory Verification Committee (IVC).

Loss Item 5: LOSS OF COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL/PCR STRUCTURES WITH TITLE TO LAND

Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services

Legal owners as identified by DC in the process of CCL payment.

1. RV of commercial, industrial, PCR structure.

2. Transfer Grant @ BDT 10 (ten) per sft of affected structure.

3. Reconstruction Grant @ BDT 15 (fifteen) per sft of affected structure.

4. Owner will be allowed to take all salvageable materials back free of cost.

1. Applicable to all structures located on ROW at cut-off dates.


3. IVC will verify and record structures eligible for RV and other assistance.

4. DC will pay CCL for structure and if CCL is less than RV, BBA will pay the difference with assistance from INGO.

5. BBA will provide other resettlement benefits with assistance from INGO.

Assistance in relocation and reconstruction.

Implementation Issues: 1. Joint Verification identifies (records floor areas and category) structure for titled owners and Census

identifies structure for non-titled owners. 2. Replacement value (RV) of structure will be determined and approved in the process as stated in LOSS

ITEM 4. 3. CCL will be determined in the process as stated in LOSS ITEM 4. 4. Compensation must be paid before EP dismantles and removes the structures as per civil works

requirement. 5. The cut-off dates for titled owners and socially recognized owners as stated in LOSS ITEM 4.

Loss Item 6: LOSS OF RESIDENTIAL AND OTHER PHYSICAL STRUCTURES (WITHOUT TITLE TO

LAND) Unit of entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional

Services 1. Legal owners

identified by DC in the process of CCL payment.

2. Socially recognized owners of structures built on the ROW as

1. RV of structure. 2. Transfer Grant @ BDT 7

(seven) per sft of affected structure.

3. Reconstruction Grant @ BDT10 (ten) per sft of affected structure.

4. Special Assistance of a one-

1. Applicable to all structures located on ROW at cut-off dates.


3. IVC will verify and record structures eligible for RV/ other assistance and the

Plot in the resettlement site will be provided for residential and commercial structure losers, and assistance in relocation.

42

identified by Census and verified by IVC.

time payment of BDT 5,000/- (five thousand) for each female-headed, disabled-headed, elderly-headed and poor household.

5. If landless, the residence losing households will get a homestead plot of 2.5 decimals at RS free of cost.

6. A PAP losing a shop will be entitled to purchase a commercial plot at RS at a cost equivalent to CCL.

7. Owner will be allowed to take all salvageable materials free of cost.

landlessness of residence losing households for allocation of RS plot.

4. DC will pay CCL for structure to legal owners and if CCL is less than RV, or there is no CCL (for socially recognized owners), BBA will pay the difference or the RV directly with assistance from INGO.

5. BBA will provide other resettlement benefits directly with assistance from INGO.

6. PAP, upon allocation of a commercial plot at RS, will pay the price of the plot to BBA at the rate of CCL of the land acquired for the RS.

Implementation Issues 1. Joint Verification identifies (records floor areas and category) structure for titled owners and Census

identifies structure for non-titled owners. 2. Replacement value (RV) of structure will be determined and approved as stated in LOSS ITEM 4. 3. Compensation must be paid before EP dismantles and removes the structures as per civil works

requirement. 4. The cut-off dates for titled owners and socially recognized owners as stated in LOSS ITEM 4. 5. The homestead losers will produce documentary evidence and the BBA through IVC will cross verify the

landlessness of the homestead losers for allocation of an RS plot for free. 6. Residential sites plots in the settlement sites will be allocated to the landless households on a 99 years

lease basis in the name of both spouses. In case of single parent household, the household head irrespective of gender will get the allocation.

Loss Item 7: LOSS OF TIMBER AND FRUIT BEARING TREES, BAMBOO AND BANANA GROVES

Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines

Additional Services

1. Legal owner(s) as identified by the DC in the process of CCL payment.

2. Socially recognized owners of trees grown on public or other land, as identified by Census and verified by IVC.

1. Timber trees and bamboo: RV of trees and bamboo.

2. Fruit-bearing trees without timber: if the tree is at or near fruit-bearing stage, the estimated current market value of the fruit.

3. Fruit-bearing trees with timber: RV for the timber, and estimated current market value of fruit.

4. Banana groves: RV of all trees and estimated current value of one-time crop of each full-grown tree.

5. Owners will be allowed to fell trees and take the timber, free of cost after payment of CCL or RV as applicable.

1. Applicable to all trees and plants located on ROW at cut-off dates.

2. DC will pay CCL as applicable for trees/plants.

3. If CCL is less than RV or there is no CCL (for socially recognized owners), the difference or RV of different species of trees will directly be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO.

4. PVAC will recommend RV of

INGO to explain RAP policies regarding compensation for the trees of different categories and size and make the EPs aware that they could take the timber and fruits free of cost.

43

trees and fruits. Implementation Issues: 1. Standard rates for trees of different species available with the Department of Forestry will be considered

by PVAC in calculating the RV. 2. DCs will determine the market price of trees with assistance from district Department of Forest and

enhance it by 50% to fix compensation under law (CCL). 3. The INGO will provide guidance in plantation and post-plantation care.

Loss Item 8: LOSS OF STANDING CROPS/FISH STOCK

Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Owner cultivators as identified in joint verification by DC and BBA.

1. RV of standing crops/fish stock.

2. Owners will be allowed to harvest crops and fish stock.

1. Applicable for all crops/fish stock standing on land/pond within ROW at the time of dispossession.

2. DC will pay CCL for crops/fish stock.

3. BBA will pay the difference directly with assistance from INGO if CCL is less than RV.

4. PVAC will recommend RV of crops/fish stock at harvest.

INGO will assist PAPs in the process of claiming compensation from DC offices for organizing necessary documents.

Implementation Issues: 1. RV of crops/fish stock will be recommended by PVAC (based on data obtained from district agriculture

extension office and district marketing officer) for those identified through joint (DC/BBA) on-site verification before taking over land.

2. 3. DCs will determine the market price of crops with assistance from district Department of Agriculture

Extension and District Agriculture Marketing Officer and market price of fish with assistance from district fisheries officer.

Loss Item 9: LOSS OF LEASED /MORTGAGED IN LAND/PONDS

Unit of Entitlement


1. Leaseholder with legal papers.

2. Socially recognized lessee or sharecropper, in case of customary informal tenancy arrangements, including socially recognized agreements.

1. RV of crops/fish stock.

2. Outstanding lease money back to the lessee by the owner as per agreement.

3. Dislocation allowance @ BDT 100 per decimal for actual cultivator to cover the income loss from the land, not exceeding BDT 5,000/-.

1. With legal agreement: Legal owner and mortgagee/ leaseholder will be paid CCL by DC in accordance with the law.

2. With customary tenancy agreements, including socially-recognized verbal agreements: Legal owner will receive CCL from DC. The legal owner will pay the outstanding liabilities to the lessee/mortgagee. Under the following conditions: (i) all contractual liabilities are already paid up; (ii) if not, the legal owner will get the residual payment after all liabilities are paid up.

3. BBA will ensure RV of crops to the cultivator with direct payment of the difference, if CCL is less than RV, with assistance from INGO.

4. Dislocation Allowance will be paid to the actual cultivator of the acquired

1. INGO will assist in ensuring that the lessee receives all eligible payments.

2. INGO will mediate refund of outstanding lease money by the owner to the lessees.

44

land by BBA with assistance from INGO.

Implementation Issues: 1. JVT will identify each land owner and any persons who presently have interest in the acquired land due to

mortgage, lease or khai-khalashi right. 2. Any disputes over status of present interest in the land will be resolved through grievance redress

procedure. Once resolved, INGO will assist in processing payments of all outstanding liabilities on the land to the appropriate persons.

3. Dislocation Allowance to cover loss of income will be paid to the tenant as per project-specific policy provisions.

4. IVC will verify and confirm socially recognized lessees for identification.

Loss Item 10: LOSS OF INCOME FROM DISPLACED COMMERCIAL/ INDUSTRIAL PREMISES (OWNER OPERATED)

Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Any proprietor or businessman or artisan operating in premises, at the time of issuance of Notice u/s 3 and/or during BIDS Census.

1. Grant for Loss of Business @ 5% of DC‟s payment for the structure.

2. One time Moving Assistance of BDT 5,000 for tenants.

3. A commercial plot of 80 sft in the resettlement site at cost equivalent to compensation for commercial land.

1. Business owners will be paid the entitlements after award of compensation by DC to the owner of premises.

2. BBA will directly pay the entitlement to the eligible affected persons with assistance from INGO.

3. Price of commercial plots to be paid by PAP to BBA will be at the rate of compensation for commercial land acquired for the project in the vicinity of the RS.

EPs will be brought under income generating program.


1. Primary eligibility to be based on businessmen identified by BIDS Census and /or DC/BBA joint verification.

2. IVC will verify eligibilities not covered by joint verification.

3. All the business operators will be entitled for grant against loss of business and a commercial plot at resettlement site. However, one time moving assistance will be provided to only the tenants.

4. The income-generating program will be implemented engaging an NGO experienced in rehabilitation and livelihood generation activities for the poor.

Loss Item 11: TEMPORARY LOSS OF INCOME (WAGE EARNERS IN AGRICULTURE, COMMERCE & SMALL BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY)

Unit of Entitlement


Regular wage earners affected by the acquisition.

1. Grant to cover temporary loss of regular wage income @ BDT 220 X 90 days for farm labour; BDT 220 X 60 days for non-farm labour; BDT 300 X 60 days for skilled non- farm labour.

2. Female-headed households, disabled, elderly and

1. EP must have been an employee of landowner or business located in the acquired lands for at least twelve months, as identified by Joint Verification and/or BIDS Census.

1. EPs will be brought under income and livelihood regenerating program.

2. Involvement of qualified PAPs in construction work.

3. Involvement of qualified PAPs in tree plantation

45

extremely poor to be paid a one-time grant of Tk 5,000 (five thousand) as Special Assistance.

3. Income and livelihood restoration assistance from Social Development Fund, to be created by the Project.

2. The needs of vulnerable groups will be assessed.

3. The resettlement benefits will be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO.

and social aforestation.

Implementation Issues: Primary eligibility to be based on wage earners identified by BIDS Census and/or Joint Verification. Further claims and grievances, if any, will be settled by the grievance redress committee.

Loss Item 12: LOSS OF INCOME FROM RENTED -OUT AND ACCESS TO RENTED-IN RESIDENTIAL/

COMMERCIAL PREMISES Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services

1. Owner of the rented-out premises as identified by Census and verified by IVC.

2. Household/person rented-in any such structure as identified by Census and verified by IVC.

Dislocation Allowance of BDT 4,000 (four thousand) for each unit of premises to both the renter and the rentees.

Each rentee of affected premises will be entitled for the dislocation allowance.

The owners of rented out premises will be entitled for dislocation allowance for each unit of premises rented out to separate families or persons.

Dislocation Allowance will be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO.

EPs will be brought under income and livelihood regenerating program.


BIDS Census and/or joint verification will identify the owner and renter of the residential and commercial premises duly verified by IVC.

Loss Item 13: ADVERSE IMPACT ON HOST POPULATION DUE TO RELOCATION OF PAPs


Additional Services

Households relocated to the host villages

Enhancement of carrying capacity of common civic amenities/utilities of the host communities as per assessment by BBA.

BBA will assess the needs and develop facilities at host areas.

1. Investment in the host area to improve health, education, and other public services.

2. Afforestation in the host area.

Implementation Issues

Community needs for enhancement of common facilities in host areas will be assessed through a needs assessment survey.

46

Loss Item 14: HOUSEHOLDS LOSING MORE THAN 10% OF THEIR INCOME (FROM AGRICULTURE OR BUSINESS) DUE TO THE PROJECT


Additional Services

Persons losing more than 10% of their income from all sources as identified by Census and verified by IVC.

1. One time Dislocation Allowance @ BDT 4,000/- per household.

2. Skill training and credit support under income generation program.

1. The one time Dislocation Allowance will be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO.

2. Income generation program will be implemented engaging an NGO.

EPs will be brought under income and livelihood regenerating program.


1. Loss of income will be assessed as per actual loss of productive resources (land and businesses) to the project and the total income of the affected households from all sources through Census of all affected households.

2. IVC will verify the percentage of loss comparing the actual loss and the total income from all sources of the affected households.

3. Households turning into landless due to acquisition of agricultural land will be eligible for larger credit from the social development fund for longer duration.

Loss Item 15: LOSS OF SUBMERGED LAND (ERODED LAND)45

Unit of Entitlement


1. Legal owner(s) of land (DC's khas land after legally established AD Line).

2. Previous private owners of land below AD Line.

1. In absence of legally established AD line, all entitlements as provisioned for Loss Item 1.

2. In case of khas land, CCL to respective DCs.

3. RV of khas land to previous owner(s).

4. An Allowance @ BDT 200 (two hundred) per decimal but the total amount will not exceed BDT 20,000/- (twenty thousand) for previous owners to supplement loss of future access to eroded land.

1. All application as mentioned under Loss Item 1 (if not khas land).

2. DC will receive CCL for land (if khas land) without 50% enhancement.

3. PVAC will assess and recommend RV of eroded land after AD line.

4. Data from record room/tehsil office will be collected for identifying the previous owners of land.

5. IVC will verify and recommend the previous owners.

6. GRC will approve for payment of entitlements.

1. Previous owners of eroded land will be assisted by INGO to organize legal documents in support of their ownership.


Implementation Issues: 1. Project Affected persons (PAPs) will be informed of the details of the compensation policy, resettlement

package and payment procedure. 2. RV will be determined and approved for the project following the procedure as stated under LOSS ITEM 1

45 This provision included in the resettlement plans of Jamuna Meghna River Erosion Mitigation Project in Bangladesh as

per request by ADB: Letter from ADB, Director, AENR Division, General Comments Item (iv), July 31, 2004. This has also been included in the resettlement framework of the ADB funded Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management Project.

47

(if the land is not khas). Upon establishment of AD line by DCs, RV of the eroded land under acquisition will be assessed for 25% of the RV of similar land in the main land or the actual price of underwater lands in riverbed whichever is higher.

3. CCL for private and khas land will be determined by DC as stated under LOSS ITEM 1. 4. Owners of de-acquired land will be entitled for assistance determined as per 1982 Act on land acquisition.

The legal assistance will be determined and paid to the eligible owners through the concerned DC offices. Owners of eroded lands after notification (u/s 3) will also receive resettlement assistance.

5. Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under Section 6 with assistance from the INGO.

6. The INGO will encourage and motivate EPs to purchase homestead/ commercial/ community or industrial land or invest the compensation money in productive or income generating activities.

Loss Item 16: UNFORESEEN ADVERSE IMPACTS

Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services

Households/persons affected by any unforeseen impact identified during RAP-III implementation

Entitlements will be determined as per the resettlement policy framework

The unforeseen impacts will be identified through special survey by the IVC as per request from impacted population. The entitlements will be approved by the MOC and concurred by the Co-financiers

As appropriate

Implementation Issues: 1. The unforeseen impacts and affected persons will be identified with due care as per policy framework and

proposed to the MOC and the co-financiers for approval including quantity of losses, their owners and the entitlements.

2. Affected persons due to induced impact on income and livelihood as a result of ferry closure will be identified prior to ferry closure and assistance will be provided under the project for income restoration.

48

CHAPTER 6 RELOCATION, SITE DEVELOPMENT AND RESETTLEMENT

6.1 Displacement and Relocation All necessary efforts have been made so as to minimize the Project impacts and to reduce impacts on assets and disruption of livelihood. Technical and Social team has worked closely to reduce the social impacts of the Project by means of both design adaptation and innovative technical solutions.

While all efforts have been made to reduce the adverse impacts of the Project as far as possible, a total of 4255 structures (PAHs losing residential and commercial structures/busineses, and PCRs) will still be severely affected leading to the displacement of 3539 PAHs as a result of the river training work on both banks. 897 PAHs will be losing business premises/income including 27% losing their residence as well. Out of the 4255 affected structures, the highest number of structures affected are the residential structures (3539 structures including 247 with common loss of business and residence), followed by 897 commercial structures (including 247 with common loss of business and residence) and 68 CPRs (two PAHs counted under residential also include community structure attached to their homestead). Table 6.1 below provides the district-wise distribution of affected structures.

Table 6.1 District wise Distribution of Affected Structures District No. of PAHs and CPRs

Residential Commercial CPR Total %

Munshiganj 1425 482 26 1819 42.70

Shariatpur 375 23 8 388 9.20

Madaripur 1739 392 34 2048 48.10 Grand Total 3539 897 68 4255 100.00


6.2 Social Preparation for Relocation and Resettlement The scale and extent of displacement and relocation became clearer during the feasibility study in 2003-05. As a result, the feasibility study team looked at the existing settlement patterns, and involved potential resettlers and host populations in the discussion in understanding their choices or options for relocation as well as the selection of sites both in Mawa and Janjira. In village level PRA/workshops, the Jamuna experience, particularly the “good practices introduced by the Jamuna – for example, (i) project-sponsored resettlement site, (ii) self-managed resettlement by the affected people (with full assistance from the project), (iii) “host” area benefits, and (iv) livelihood programs in post-relocation period – were discussed for informed choices by the affected households. A group of some 40 community/village level leaders, opinion-makers, elected officials and affected persons were also taken to the Jamuna resettlement sites for a day long trip to consult the resettlers in Bhuapur and Sirajganj. The outcome of this trip helped in shaping up the various options and alternatives in designing the resettlement plan and strategies for relocation of the displaced households. It also became evident during village-level meetings and discussions that the affected households prefer to remain with and/or in close proximity to their “original” samaj. The samaj is a patron-based traditional social organization of kin and/or non-kin members. It is an informal but important local “community” typically led by a village elder or matabbar (socially recognized leader). The samaj,

49

which performs religious, ritual, ceremonial and adjudicative functions at the village level, displays a strong sense of solidarity among its members and thus works as a “mutual aid group” in crisis and disasters, particularly in adjustments to erosion displacement. Displaced samaj members receive assistance in the form of “free” use of land (owned by relatives or samaj members) for reconstruction of houses and settlement in the floodplain villages (refer to nodibashi or uthuli households in Mawa and Janjira side). The choices concerning relocation and site selection was largely influenced by samaj consideration, particularly in Janjira side.

According to the choices expressed by the potential displaced PAHs as assessed through the census survey in the project affected areas covered under RAP-I, RAP-II and RAP-III, demand for resettlement sites is only 50% of the total capacity of the 4 sites. In the Mawa side, the demand is about 57% and in the Janjira side, the demand is about 45% (Table 6.2).

However, with the overall attention of the PAHs to be relocated, a further assessment was conducted through consultation at various locations of the project boundary during the process of updating RAP-III for RTW. With the assessment by the Census survey in RTW areas by BIDS (Table 6.3), the consultation process in May 2011 attempted to understand the potential choices of the PAHs in planning their relocation.

6.3 Preferred Option for Relocation PAHs heads identified within the right of way of the RTW in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts were interviewed on the choices and options for relocation during the BIDS Census Survey during December 2010 – February 2011. The survey found that 42% of the displaced households preferred self-relocation with assistance from the project. About 17% opted for relocation in developed resettlement sites provided by the government whereas 41% preferred group relocation for them (See Table 6.2). It is interesting that more than half of the displaced PAHs in the Shariatpur district preferred self-relocation and another one-third is considering small-group relocation with project assistance. A little less thatn half of the displaced PAHs in Munshiganj preferred group relocation and one-fifth have found resettlement site plots as the most suitable option. In Madaripur, a little less than half of the PAHs is considering self-relocation and another one-third is looking for small-group relocation. In sum, only 638 PAHs (278 in Madaripur, 48 in Shariatpur and 312 in Munshiganj) are considering relocation in the developed resettlement sites.

Table 6.2 District wise Distribution of Affected Structures

Project Area No. of RS Plots

Available No. of PAHs Opted RS

Plots Demand and Availability

Ratio (%)

Mawa Side 925 529 57.19

Janjira Side 1228 546 44.46

Total 2153 1075 49.93

Source: RAP-I and RAP-II and BIDS Census in RTW Area during Dec 2010 – Feb 2011

50

Table 6.3: Relocation Preferences of the Displaced Households

Name of District

Type of Relocation Self-relocation with

project help (%)

In small-groups with project help

(%)

Project-developed resettlement sites

(%)

Total (in

%age)

Munshiganj 33.4 46.1 20.4 100.0

Shariatpur 54.0 34.2 11.9 100.0

Madaripur 47.2 38.2 14.6 100.0

Total 42.40 40.94 16.66 100.0 Source: BIDS Census Survey, February 2011

6.3.1 Self-Managed Resettlement by Affected Households The self-managed resettlement could be on their own land in same village or in nearby villages; through purchase of new land for housing and resettlement elsewhere. A total of 1624 PAHs (42.4%) preferred to self-relocate in the same or nearby villages after receiving all eligible benefits as per the policy framework and entitlement matrix. In most cases, they would need to develop the new land by filling it about 3-4 meters as the nearby areas, in most cases, are predominantly low-lying. Provision to assist the families for undertaking these tasks (land-filling) has already been included in Resettlement assistance. It is anticipated that the self-managed relocation strategy would limit social disruption by allowing the displaced families to stay around their own social kin groups as per their own choice. Apart from compensation and assistance planned per the project resettlement policy, the project will also assist them in the relocation process in terms of information, consultation with host communities and local government agencies, facilitation of documentation, licensing, registration as necessary with local governments.

6.3.2 Small Group Resettlement The displaced households in groups of 25-30 families or more, typically related to kin or other social groups, will be encouraged to resettle in “cluster” in nearby (host) villages. This is another form of self-relocation enabling the affected families to remain together for mutual self-help. The preference for this kind of “small group” resettlement has been voiced by a total of 1568 PAHs (41%).

Small group relocation sites identified and procured by the displaced PAHs will be developed with project finance including land filling, internal roads, access roads, and drinking water and sanitary instalations. The project will also provide incentives for the host villages (in which the small group would be relocated) in the form of additional civic amenities (such as provision of arsenic free tube-well and sanitation, development of road, additional rooms and spaces in mosques, schools, clinics in the host area etc. and others) so as to enhance the carrying capacity of these host villages and improve settlers-hosts relationship in these host villages.

6.3.3 Host Community Facilities The resettlement strategies in this project preclude any resettlers-hosts conflict since the households will largely remain within the same general area of the existing villages and thus will continue to maintain their pre-project social ties and networks. RAP III will provide infrastructure facilities to enhance the carrying capacity of the host villages where more than 25 families will resettle in small-groups. It is expected that these facilities will help strengthen the mutual relation with the host villagers and resettlers. Therefore, no conflict or tension between the host village and resettlers is anticipated. The requirements of the host villages to enhance the carrying capacity will be identified by

51

the RU and implementing NGO in consultation with the communities and the RAC at the time of implementation.

An assessment of host area needs shall also be undertaken through the relocation needs assessment survey at selected locations, where the PAPs will be opting to relocate. If necessary, BBA and implementing NGO will conduct meetings with host communities in post-resettlement period to establish a congenial atmosphere amongst them.

6.3.4 Relocation to Project-Sponsored Sites Only 17% (638 PAHs) of the displaced residence and businesses losing households preferred to be relocated in Project developed resettlement sites. It is important to note that these displaced households largely comprise of squatters or informal settlers and members of vulnerable groups (female headed households, households with disabled family members) mainly landless, who may not succeed in resettling themselves on their own. Hence they have preferred project-sponsored relocation over self-relocation. In keeping with the same, residential and commercial plots (as appropriate) in Project-developed resettlement sites will be allocated to these displaced households as per the entitlement matrix. In order to ensure resettle these 638 households, a total of four resettlement sites, two in the right bank and two in the left bank of Padma River, have been under development.. These sites necessitated acquisition and ensuing resettlement impacts. As a result, a separate RAP (i.e. RAP I) has been prepared for the same.

Displaced persons receiving allotments of plots in the Resettlement Sites will pay lease money (equivalent to price of plots determined by BBA at rate of compensation paid by DCs for homestead land at respective locations) and bear the cost of stamp duty and registration fee for titling. A lease deed for 99 years will be registered in the joint names of the husband and the wife in case of couples and in the name of household head in case of single parents. On divorce/separation/death of husband, the ownership will automatically be vested to the wife in case of plots registered jointly with husband and wife. In case of the wife dies, the husband will be the sole owner of the plot. The lease deeds will specifically ensure these conditions. The titles will not be transferable through direct sales or by any other means of handover during the first 10 years after completion of the bridge.

Families belonging to same kin group (gusthi) will be allowed to relocate in cluster in the resettlement sites. Interested women entrepreneurs will be given preference in allotment of commercial plots in the resettlement sites. Members of Association of the Women Entrepreneurs will be privileged in distribution of these plots. The women will be organizing cottage-type industry and marketing of the homemade products to generate employment and income for them as well as other women residing in the RS. Few plots will be kept for organizing community level livestock raising in a large shed.

6.4 Resettlement Site Selection and Development

6.4.1 Participation and Site Development Resettlement site (RS) selection preceded extensive community consultations in Mawa and Janjira. All 4 sites were identified and selected in keeping with the principle of minimization of further displacement due to site development. Further, the issues of proximity, social networks, and employment opportunities have also been considered while selecting these sites. The displaced households will be given the choice to choose the nearest site to maintain their current social ties and networks.

52

Table 6.4 Potential Relocation of PAPs at Resettlement Sites

River side

Resettlement Sites

Location of Displaced Households and Businesses

Likely Migration of RAP- III PAPs

Mawa RS-2: Jashaldia Kabutarkhola, Jasaldia, Kandipara and Medini Mandol (partial)

Affected households and businesses from the RTW affected areas

RS-3: Kumarbhog

Medini Mandol, Kumarbog and Construction Site

Affected households and businesses from the approach road and RTW

Janjira RS-4 West Nawdoba

Kathalbari, Charchandra, Baghia, Kutubpur, West Nawdoba, Diara Nawdova, Nawdova, Korali, Painpara


RS-5 Bakhorkandi

Panch Char, Char Roghunathpur, Bakhorerkandi, Kathalbari, Char Janajat, Baghia, Boro Keshobpur, Kutubpur


Site-specific plans for the four sites have been revised and finalized, based on consultations with the affected households and communities. In all, the four sites have provisions for 1,944 housing plots and 80 commercial plots for shops and small businesses..

The layout and design of the sites has already been disclosed to the affected communities through community consultation meetings for their inputs. The sites are currently in the process of development and expected to be ready by August 2011 for relocation of the displaced households. All civic amenities – for example, access road, power, water, drainage etc. – would be provided prior to moving people to these sites. The physical cultural resources like school, mosque/temple, community centers will also be built in each of the five sites. A sample layout and design of the Resettlement site is illustrated in Figure 6.1.

53

Figure 6.1 Sample layout and design of the Resettlement site

6.4.2 Plot Sizes and Allocation Three categories of plot sizes namely – A. 2.5 dec; B. 5.0 dec, and C. 7.5 dec – have been designed. Broad principle has been established (as detailed in Table 6.5 below) for allotment of the same, which will be further refined during implementation:

Table 6.5: Principle for Allotment of Household plots Category Plot

Size Principle for Allotment

Category A 2.5 decimal

This category is for landless, squatters, and uthulis displaced by the project ROW. PAHs receiving allotments of 2.5 decimal size plots will receive it free of cost. They will only bear the cost of registration. The registration of the plot will be in the joint names of the husband and wife or only women in case of female headed households. On divorce/separation/death of husband the ownership will automatically be vested to the wife.

Category B 5.0 decimal

PAHs losing their homestead and structures due to land acquisition for the project will be entitled to 5.0 decimal plots. They will pay the price for the plot equivalent to the compensation paid by DCs for homestead land and bear the registration cost. They will bear full cost of stamp duty and registration fee admissible under the compensation package for the registration of the plots.

Category C 7.5 decimal

PAHs losing large homestead land (20 dec or more) or have two or more married sons living with the head of households will be entitled for getting 7.5 decimal land under the same conditions explained in B herein above.

Commercial Plots

15 sqm Affected households losing businesses (poor and vulnerable) will be provided with commercial plots of 15 sqm to build shops on their own in the resettlement sites.

54

Each of the affected households will be allowed to build their own house rather than be supplied with pre-built shelter. Each plot will be marked and developed by BBA for handing over and re-construction. Table 6.6 presents distribution of plots by size and site to be available once the site development is complete.

Table 6.6 Plot Size Distribution by Site and Category

Resettlement Sites

Residential Plots (No.) Commercial Plots

(No.) for Shops Total (No.) Category A Category B Category C Total

101.06 Sq m 202.31 Sq m 303.42 Sq m 15 Sq m

RS-II 326 103 6 435 20 455

RS-III 425 61 4 490 20 510

RS-IV 403 187 9 599 20 619

RS-V 431 187 11 629 20 649

Total 1585 538 30 2153 80 2233

Source: DDC, PMBP, Layout Plans of Resettlement Sites, Revised May 2011

Affected businesses will get commercial plots in the nearest resettlement sites to re-establish their businesses. Since the sites are located nearby, they may not lose their business or clients significantly. Further, the RS will have several hundred families who will further act as their “captive” customers. Like the homestead losers, no business loser will be allowed to have more than one plot irrespective of quantum of loss. For plot sizes, 5.0 dec and 7.5 dec , the resettled family will pay BBA for the plot at the CCL rate (average price + 50%) for homestead land. At the RS, there are provisions for open spaces that may be used by floating/temporary traders.

Application, in prescribed form will be received from the displaced PAHs in the office of the Executive Engineer, Resettlement on site seeking resettlement site plots. The implementing NGO will assist the PAHs preparing and submitting the applications and the application form will be available in the office of the Executive Engineer (Resettlement), BBA at Mawa and Janjira. The applications will be scrutinized for the following information:

(1) Total land holding (at all locations);

(2) Quantum of land loss and availability of residual land;

(3) Tenancy of acquired land;

(4) Family Size;

(5) Number of married couples in the family;

(6) Location options, etc.

Based on scrutiny, eligible PAHs will be allocated with RS plots as per their option and availability of plots. In case of number of eligible PAHs is more than available plots, a system of lottery may be used in presence of the resettlers for distribution of plots under each category to avoid favor or dispute.

6.5 Relocation Choices and plot allocation in RS – an Update Consultations carried out as recent as May 2011 with the affected families on both sides indicate a clear preference for self-managed and small group relocation. In Janjira side, marginal, landless/vulnerable and those without any alternatives expressed desire for plots at RS while households with residual lands mostly favour individual self-managed resettlement. Further, small group relocation choice (by extended families and those belonging to the same samaj) turned out to be a preferred option. Many also reported purchase of homestead as well as agricultural lands from compensation already received in recent months, particularly those on the approach roads. In

55

Kutubpur, local leaders suggested that those without any option should receive priority in the allocation of plot at RS sites.

In Mawa side, those newly affected by the revised RTW design expressed their desire to move to resettlement site (RS 3 – Kumarbogh). A large number of the newly affected persons live on annually rented land and/or on land with permission from their relatives. Large and extended families wanted additional assistance for group relocation. Others requested for land development assistance to move on their own on residual and/or newly purchased land. In sum, demand for plots at RS is more in Mawa side, particularly around RS 3 – Kumarbogh area compared to other RS sites.

There is definite demand for additional plots in RS3 Kumarbogh due to newly affected households – particularly caused by fresh acquisition for the RTW “ring” – which led to displacement of households from a densely populated “cluster” in Kumarbogh. This situation is unique in Kumarbogh unlike Jasaldiah RS located upstream from Mawa RTW side. Since the length of RTW in Mawa has now been reduced to 2 km (from 6 km designed during the feasibility study), there is less requirements for plots at Jasaldiah RS as people in the immediate vicinity has not been affected by RTW.

Finally, in view of the recent BIDS updated (Feb-March 2011) census results, BBA has taken two specific steps to better manage the relocation needs of the physically displaced households by the RTW. First, an additional 246 plots (both 5.0 and 2.5 decimal) have been made available by reducing and adjusting 7.5 decimal plots in four sites. Second, a new provision has been adopted to provide land development costs (Taka 30,000 for 2.5 dec.; Taka 40,000 for 5.0 dec.; and Taka 50,000 to 7.5 dec.) to eligible households who would self-relocate (individually or in small groups) and manage their resettlement needs according to their own choices. The primary objective is to encourage the affected households to choose alternatives to resettlement sites. The revised budget for RAP III has included budgetary provision for this additional assistance.

During consultations with the displaced families, some of the major concerns voiced and challenges identified comprised of decrease in income opportunities, decrease in agricultural land, increase in landlessness, and scarcity of land for permanent relocation sites. Inadequacy of compensation for purchase of equivalent amount of land and decrease in income opportunities were the most prominent issues affecting relocation choices. All these issues have been addressed while working out the relocation strategy in this RAP.

6.6 Gender Planning and other vulnerable groups Gender and vulnerability are particular issues in instances of development-induced displacements. Women are particularly impacted due to land acquisition in the project due to their low level of awareness, lack of access to information, and low levels of training and education. Displacement from housing and dislocation in livelihood resources may put additional burden on them. There is hence potential risk of women being deprived of their due share of compensation to parental land being acquired under the project. There is also possibility of reduced access by women to replaced assets and regenerated livelihood resources.

In consideration of the above context, the policy framework adopted in this RAP specifies that vulnerable groups will enjoy special attention in planning and implementation of the RAP. Vulnerable groups are those likely to be particularly disadvantaged as a consequence of acquisition and resettlement, more prominently poor female-headed households, disabled headed households and those households under the absolute poverty line. RAP III has special provisions for the project affected women and vulnerable groups to meet their needs and support their means of subsistence: for example, (i) provision for additional shifting allowance for female headed households; (ii) income and livelihood restoration allowance for loss of income or employment; and (iii) roadside tree plantation as an alternative income generating program.

Women interest will be further safeguarded in allocation of resettlement site plots (residential and commercial), identification of affected persons in jointly owned plots and payment of resettlement cash entitlements. A Gender Action Plan has also been prepared for safeguarding the interest of the women in the resettlement process46.

46 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, Gender Action Plan, October 2009

56

6.7 Relocation of Physical Cultural Resources The census survey of RTW area identified 68 units which are commonly regarded as common property resources (CPR) meaning that the units are used by community and/or groups as common property. However, they do not qualify as physical cultural resources as per WB OP 4.11. Out of the 68, only 14 are described below as being commonly used and thus require relocation and reconstruction under the project. Status of the affected community establishments is as follows:

Baitun Noor Jamey Mosque: The mosque is situated near Mawa Ferry Ghat just west side of BIWTA pilot house. It is a brick built mosque established on 0.09 acres of land donated (wakfed) in favor of the mosque. The Muslim folks around say their regular 5-times prayer in this mosque. About 500 persons attend the mosque every Friday for Juma prayer, the characteristic provision in a Jamey mosque. There is no historical background of this mosque but established as a community shared establishment for Muslim prayer. There is a managing committee maintaining the mosque and its premises. The committee is agreeable that the mosque will be relocated in a nearby village on an alternative land. However, the committee requested project assistance for land and reconstruction to reestablish the mosque in the nearby host village, they will identify.

Padmapar Gausul Azam Jamey Mosque: This mosque is located near the Mawa Fish Market (monsoon season fish market) attached to the Padma Bridge foundation stone. The mosque is built on the Govt land and it is run by the donation received from the fish market. It is reported that about 100/150 devotees pray on the Juma day. There is no historical background of this mosque but established as a community shared establishment for Muslim prayer. The managing committee of the mosque requested project assistance for its relocation at the suitable place close to the site where the Fish Market will be relocated.

Daskin Kumerbhog Baitul Mamur Jamey Mosque: The mosque is situated in the newly proposed area of RTW in Kumarbhog. It is a brick built mosque on 0.09 acres of land donated (wakfed) in fabour of the mosque. The mosque is designated for weekly Juma Prayer and about 150 persons prays on the Juma days. There is no historical background of this mosque but constructed as a community shared establishment for Muslim prayer. The managing committee members requested for a support during shifting of the mosque. The committee will identify a site for relocation of the mosque in consultation with the community members well before evacuation of the land.

Dakshin Mednimondal Kali Mandir: A Mandir Complex attached to the Cobbler community will be affected by the RTW in Dakshin Medinimandol. The complex is mainly comprised of the bricked temple of Goddess Kali and two other small tin-shade temples. The complex is on a wakfed land (debottor land as per Hindu convention). Part of the land under the complex is leased for the Fish market for permanent commercial structures. The Mandir complex have to be relocated where the affected cobbler community will relocate. It is note that the Mawa Fish Market, the Kali mondir and the cobbler communities will be settled in one chunk of land and still further consultation has to be made for this.

Mona Paglar Mazar and Delwar Shah Mazar: A mazar of “Mona Pagla”, an unidentified Muslim saint, will be affected near the Padmar Par Mosque which is hardly 200 meters away from the BBA Rest House at Mawa. The grave is on a private land and the DC, Munshiganj has notified the owner under section 7 to receive compensation. No one, in and around the shrine including the attendant, could mention about the background and history of this Muslim saint. However, about 1500 devotees assemble every year in December for yearly congregation called “ Ors”. The Khadem (attendant) of the mazar requested project assistance to shift the soil of the grave to any nearby place so that he can attend the grave at new location.

Another shrine named “Delwar Shah Mazar” just in the ghat no. 3 will be affected in the RTW. It is a more known Mazar but nothing known about the background and history of this Muslim saint. About 5000 Muslim devotees gather the mazar complex during the annual Ors. A managing committee is overseeing the mazar activities. The managing committee members requested project assistance for shifting of the mazar in nearby roadside on an alternative land.

57

The community shared CPRs affected in the Janjira side are 5 Jamey mosques and two graveyards. None of the 5 mosques have any historical significance. Status of the affected community establishments is as follows:

Kawrakandi Ghat Jamey Mosque: This mosque located near the Ferry Ghat of Dhaka Khulna highway. About 200 devotees attend the mosque for weekly Juma prayers. The mosque committee requested project assistance for relocation of the structure.

Haji Sukkur Hawlader Kandi Jamey Mosque: This is a brick built mosque situated near the Ferry Ghat no. 1 at Kawrakandi in Shibchar Upazila. It is established on a donated land (wakfed in its favour). About 100 persons pray here on the Juma days. The mosque authority requested project assistance for relocation of the structure.

Puran Station Ghat Jamey Mosque: It is situated in the old ferry ghat no. 1 established on a donated land (wakfed in its fabour). Estimated 100 persons pray here on the Juma days. The mosque authority requested project assistance for relocation of the structure.

Kathalbari Ghat Jamey Mosque: This mosque is built on donated land (use right only) and constructed with CI sheets. About 150 devotees pray here on the Juma days. The owner of the land has received the notice under section 7 to receive compensation. The owner of the land assured that he will organize alternative land for relocation of the mosque.

Baitul Ali Jamey Mosque: It is a mosque built by the side of Kathalbari - Shariatpur road. It is a oncrete single storey building with 3-storey foundation on an wakfed land. About 150 people gather this mosque for weekly Juma prayer. Only one-third land of the mosque complex has been acquired for RTW. The mosque building can be avoided and no relocation will be required.

Dewara Naodoba Graveyard: A Muslim graveyard on 0.32 acres of land in Deara Naodoba Mouza close to Char Chandra Mouza. There are about 60 visible graves in this yard and it is located about 300 meters inside from the river Padma. One Jamir Ali Hawlader donated this land for graveyard about 50 years ago. After the death of Jamir Hawlader, his son is looking after this yard (guardian). According to the present guardian, alternative land elswere has to be arranged for reestablishment of the graveyard. Some of the active graves may need to be exhumed and reintermented in the new graveyard. However, the RTW team is being consulted to avoid the graveyard without disturbing the technical design of the RTW.

Baghia Fakir Bari Koborstan; This graveyard on 0.96 acres of land is located on SA dag no. 522, 523, 524 and 525 and after the conversion in BRS it is transformed into one plot no. 636. This is a big graveyard and it needs relocation. The RTW men assured that the graveyard would not be disturbed keeping the RTW design as it is.

All CPRs under RAP-III will be rebuilt at project cost, in consultation with the PAPs and the affected communities. Affected CPRs will be rebuilt at alternative sites selected by the community where they relocate (or most of the PAPs relocate). Compensation for land and structure and additional assistance from BBA will provide to obtain an alternative site and for construction of the CPR structure. BBA will also provide necessary access roads to these facilities. While INGO will facilitate the process, BBA will coordinate site selection, design and estimate, site development and reconstruction.

58

Table 6.7 Distribution of Affected Community/PCR Structures by District

Community Establishments

Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Total Nos.

Shared CPRs

Total Nos.

Shared CPRs

Total Nos.

Shared CPRs

Total Nos.

Shared CPRs

Mosque 5 3 7 - 24 6 36 9 Mandir (Hindu Temple) 1 1 - - - - 1 1 School 1 - - - 4 - 5 - Madrasah 2 - - - 1 - 3 - Club 12 - - - 3 - 15 - Mazar (Grave of muslim saint) 2 2 - - - - 2 2 Graveyard 0 - 1 1 1 1 2 2 Others 3 - - - 1 - 4 - Total 26 6 8 1 34 7 68 14 Source: BIDS Census Survey, February 2011

Authorized representative of the PCRs, preferably the head of the management committees will be directly involved in the process in formal agreement with the community members. The compensation will be used for procurement of land at selected site and the construction will be undertaken by BBA by means of deployment of construction contractors through competitive bidding or through the community. The community members under the leadership of the head of management committee will supervise the construction of the PCRs with assistance from the BBA field engineers. Special attention will be given to selecting the re-construction area of PCRs so as to serve both the affected community. All the project sponsored resettlement sites have one Mosque, one clinic and one school compledx for use by the relocated PAPs.

In case of relocation of mazar complex with graves of the Muslim saints, Fatwa from a nominated Mufti (vetting from Islamic lawyers) will be taken in agreement with the local Muslim community, devotees and the Khadem (guardian) of the complexes. A suitable alternative land will be organized by the devotees in consultation with the Khadem and the concerned community. The grave will be disintermented in presence of a district magistrate nominated by the Deputy Commissioner, local imams, mazar authorities and attendents, and reintermented at the selected and developed alternative location with projet assistance.

Any family (personal) graves may also be assisted for relocation in similar fashion with appeal from the survived relations.

59

Figure 6.2 Photograph of some of the affected Community structures in RTW acquisition

Picture 6.1 Baitun Nur Jamey Mosque, Dakin

Medini Mondal, Mawa, Munshiganj Picture 6.2 Baitul Mamur Jamey Mosque, Daskin

Para, Kumerbhog, Mawa, Munshiganj

Picture 6.3 Padmapar Gausul Azam Jamey Mosque, Mawa, Munshiganj

Picture 6.4 Haji Sukur Halwlader Kandi Jamey Mosque, Char Janajatn (south), Shibchar

Picture 6.5 Baitul Ali Jamey Mosque, Kathalbari,

Shibchar, Madaripur Picture 6.6 Kawra Kandi Ghat Jame Mosque,

Char Janajat (south), Shibchar

Picture 6.7 Dewan Delwar Shah Mazar, Mawa

Ferry Ghat 3, Lauhajang Picture 6.8 Deara Naodoba Graveyard, Janjira

60

6.8 Mawa Fish Market Relocation The Mawa Fish Market is a whole sale fish market and has been in operation for many years. The local fishermen bring their catches to the whole-sale market every day very early in the morning for sale and distribution, largely to Dhaka markets and elsewhere. The market has perennial access by waterways and roads. The fish traders have a registered association established in 1985.

During the dry season, the market sits along the bank of the river on a property that belongs to the local cobbler community. The land is classified as a debottar property (land of god) and located about 0.5 km to the north of the Mawa Rest House of BBA. The traders have an office on a private but rented land next to the Kali Mandir (temple) of the cobbler community. The fish traders pay Taka 80,000 to the cobbler community for using their debottar land and the office premises within the compound of the Cobbler community. This money is spent for performing puja for the various goddess of the Hindu community. During the monsoon the market shifts to the abandoned road of RHD.

The market also plays a critical role in the local economy, particularly fishing industry. Every day about 20 trucks, 100 boats and trawlers bring fish from the fishers and fish trading centers of Barisal, Mymenshing and Chittagong. There are about 150 employees and 200 porters in the 29 wholesale shops. The wholesalers give hundreds and thousands of Taka loan to local fishermen and suppliers and fish preservation tools to the small fishermen. There are 30 small shops (consumer goods and tea stalls) around the market and some vegetable shops around. They will be economically affected when the fish market is relocated.

Several consultations took place around the issue during feasibility and PPTA levels. As the area falls within RTW, the relocation planning for the fish market has been delayed, although they have been enlisted as affected structures and households eligible for compensation and assistance. However, DC Munshiganj did not include them in the Joint Verification as they are running the business on a rented land in an open area. Considering the economic importance of the market, BBA assured them that the market would be relocated to a suitable place and the traders will be provided with shades for running their business.

Following the consultation meetings with the fish traders, the Management Committee of Mawa Fish Market has proposed alternative sites. Further consultations would be required prior to selection of site for relocation. The relocation plan will be completed soon. A provisional budget has been included in the RAP III costs for Fish market relocation and reconstruction.

6.9 The Cobbler Community and their Relocation Choices Twenty cobbler households are residing along the riverbank adjacent to the present fish market in Mawa. They will be affected due to acquisition of bankline for construction of river training works. In consultation meetings held to date, the Cobbler community wanted a safe and secure environment to carry on their traditional tannery business (collecting, processing, and selling animal hide) without any troubles with their neighbors. They are a low-caste community and are stigmatized because of their caste-based occupation A special consultation was also conducted with the women members of the community to understand the prospect of their involvement in income generating activities and future development.

The entire cobbler community is going to be affected by RTW. They are considered socially vulnerable despite their relatively better economic status. Table 1 presents a socio-economic profile of the Community.

61

Table 6.7 Socio-economic situation of the community

Sl No. Vulnerability issues

Negative aspects Positive aspects

1. Social Vulnerability

Low-caste Hindu people, a minority community society stigmatized and confined by Religious norms.

The Government regards them as schedule caste people and keep special provision in admission to government institutions and employment in government offices to uplift their socio-economic condition.

2 Marriage They are endogamous but can not marry close cousin from any side. By this norm their choices are restricted in marriage market. They are monogamous but can remarry if the spouse dies.

They find it comfortable

3. Economic situation

As per Hindu caste categorization they are confined within their caste based occupation.

They face very little or no competition in their caste based occupation but entering into labour market through open competition.

4 Resettlement Will have access to all the packages offered by the Government but socially restricted to avail some of those.

Provided with special arrangement and fully taken care of ( In JMBP, the entire west resettlement site land acquired was abandoned to satisfy choices of 17 cobbler households)

5. Mixing with community

Traditionally, the other communities hesitate to mix with them.

No. problem in entering into education, business and health institutions and participating in local level decision making

6 Worships These cobblers observe a number of worships all over the years like worship of Goddess of Fortune, education, and power. These make big noise and considered as disturbance to the neighboring people, specially the Muslims.

These worships are associated with festivities and people of all corners enjoy it. They won best prize from TNO for organizing worship of Goddess of education (Sharosswoati) last year.

6 Safety situation They are also minority and therefore need social protection from the neighbors which they receive from some hearty and influential Muslim and Hindu people of their village

The local community, LGI and government are highly concerned about their safety.

7 Limitation with the occupation

They need huge water for processing the hide.

Without access to water they may damage environment.

8 Secondary but traditional occupation

A number of them are drum-beaters and people hire them on occasions like marriage, sports, national ceremonies and other festivals. The job of drum-beating is also treated as a mean job by the society.

Traditionally considered as the best sort of amusement and people from all communities enjoy it. Income from drum beating is high. It is a team work that keeps the groups united.

The business and the profit out of it are considerable in local standards. This is why most of them are financially well off although they are confined to their small occupational and social world. All the household heads are grown up while 65 percent of the heads are within 31-45 year of age. Ninety five percent of the household heads are engaged in lather business. Nine households have a secondary occupation while 11 households have no secondary occupation. Fifteen percent household has hotel Business as their secondary occupation. There is no hard core poor household among the cobblers but a female headed household.

62

Table-6.8 Relation between the Household heads of the cobblers

Sl. No.

Name of the Household Head Relation with the Community head

Remarks

1 Gopal Chandra Muni Self Reference household 2 Anil Chandra Muni Younger Brother 3 Swapan Muni First Nephew Younger brother‟s son 4 Swaraswati Muni Ist Sister-in-law Elder brother‟s widow 5 Khogendra Chandra Muni Cousin Son of father‟s cousin (father‟s side) 6 Sudeb Chandra Muni Cousin Do 7 Shonkor Chandra Muni Cousin Do 8 Jadab Muni Cousin Do 9 Nikendra Muni Cousin Do 10 Gouranga Muni Cousin Do 11 Mohadev Muni Cousin Son of father‟s cousin (mother‟s

side) 12 Sohodev Muni Cousin Do 12 Ranajit Kumar Muni Cousin Do 14 Joydev Muni Cousin Do 15 Dilip Kumar Muni Cousin Do 16 Manoranjon Muni Cousin Do 17 Sreedam Chandra Muni Tenant Tenant of a neighboring Muslim

house 18 Modhu Chandra Muni Do 19 Laxman Muni Do 20 Bhobesh Chandra Muni Do The above table reflects relationship between the cobbler household heads.

The cobbler community will be resettled separately due to their unique occupational ground. It will more in the form of small group relocation with additional assistance as per the entitlement matrix for such relocation option. Two sites have been tentatively identified. The field office has set up additional consultation meetings with the community to finalize their choices for relocation site. The project will establish the madir and other community structure at the new sites. The budget has provision for relocation and reconstruction of the cobbler community. The relocation of the community will be synchronized with the RTW construction in this specific section.

6.10 CEMP and Public Health Action Plan A Community Environmental Management Plan (CEMP)47 has been prepared taking into account the community inputs with regard to environment management and enhancement in the resettlement sites. Specific recommendations of the Public Health Action Plan48 will be implemented for both the resettlers and residents of project area. However, relocated families in the resettlement sites will be facilitated for good sanitation and drainage, and encouraged to use improved cook stove (ICS) for less consumption of fuel and less emission of carbon.

47 CEMP, Padma Bridge, 13th October 2009 48 Public Heath Action Plan, 28th October, 2009

63

CHAPTER 7 INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION PROGRAM (ILRP)

Change in land-use pattern, as a result of infrastructure development projects, often leads to adverse impacts on the assets and livelihood resources of the project affected communities. Restoration of income of those affected to pre-project level is thus one of the most important tasks in resettlement management. The RAPs have provisions for alternative income generating/skill development and other enabling strategies through which PAPs can either continue their previous occupation or can start new venture or undertake an alternative occupation. The basic objective behind the income and livelihood restoration activities and schemes is to restore the economic status of the affected persons enjoyed prior to the project, which also complies with the co-financiers safeguard policies on involuntary resettlement.

7.1 Impacts on Income Affected persons will experience loss of livelihood sources mainly due to loss of shops/commercial enterprises and agricultural fields. In addition, wage earners such as employees in shops and businesses and those working on the affected agriculture fields will also incur impact on their income and thus have also been included in this income and livelihood restoration plan. A total of 7,263 such households will experience direct and indirect impact on their income (See Table 7.1).

Table 7.1: Types of Income impacts on Affected Households Type of loss No. of Affected HHs

Losing more than 10% of income due to land acquisition 1,297 Loss by dislocation of house and commercial establishment 4,189 Loss of wages and employment 1,777

Grand Total 7,263 Source: BIDS Census Feb 2011 and ADB PPTA data 2007 (wage losers)

7.2 Approach towards Income and Livelihood Restoration The main objective of income and livelihood restoration program is to improve or, at least restore, the livelihood of all displaced person. The Plan recognizes diminishing income and dislocation of livelihoods during and after relocation. As a result, in addition to providing compensation and resettlement benefits, appropriate support measures have been included for income and livelihood restoration of those affected. The project will adopt two-fold approach for ILRP over a 10 year period. To begin with there will be short-term livelihood restoration followed by a long term develop plans to be implemented by local NGOs supervised by a national level coordinating NGO (CNGO). RAP-III also recognizes the time needed for social absorption of the affected population in the new social and economic settings (of the RS). In keeping with the same, income and livelihood restoration efforts will be extended to those affected in form of both short-term support and long-term program to achieve sustainable livelihood for affected households. Table 7.2 provides details of various activities being anticipated which will help Affected HH to either improve or at least restore their livelihood.

64

Table 7.2: Preferred Options for Livelihood Restoration by PAHs

Alternative options Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total

No. % No. % No. % No. % Cultivation 913 22.87 293 36.08 1499 32.91 2705 28.90 Trade/Business 1886 47.23 242 29.80 1883 41.34 4011 42.85 Animal/Poultry farming 134 3.36 70 8.62 181 3.97 385 4.11 Fishing 689 17.26 135 16.63 602 13.22 1426 15.24 Sewing/tailoring 25 0.63 4 0.49 23 0.50 52 0.56 Transport 128 3.21 49 6.03 138 3.03 315 3.37 Boat operation 67 1.68 9 1.11 134 2.94 210 2.24 Industry 4 0.10 0 - 1 0.02 5 0.05 Fish cultivation 93 2.33 9 1.11 38 0.83 140 1.50 Paid Employment 54 1.35 1 0.12 56 1.23 111 1.19 Total 3993 100 812 100 4555 100 9360 100 Source: BIDS Census Survey, February 2011

The feasibility of the above options was verified through various studies conducted during ADB PPTA 2006 and most recent survey undertaken by BIDS in 2009/10/11. The survey‟s brought forth that the above options are quite viable as necessary skills exists amongst the affected households to undertake these activities as well as there is assured market exist for the same.

The project has established a Social Development Fund to support the long-term livelihood development activities. The detailed planning of livelihood activities will be carried out with participation of the local community households. It will be developed on the basis of assessment of community needs, requests, skill and preferences as well as options and opportunities available in local areas whose economy is expected to experience big changes and development with the project. BBA will engage a national NGO experienced in livelihood development to faciliite community mobilization for the detailed planning and implement of the long-term livelihood program activities. The CNGO will be engaged at the start of the project and immediately start needs assessment during the first 6 months of the ILRP to design long-term income restoration programs (see section 7.3). The rationale for long-term 10 year program is to improve rather than restoration only. The long-term programs will be designed considering the sustainability of income and livelihood based on local resources, skills, and already ongoing established market opportunities.

7.2.1 Short-term Income and Livelihood Restoration Measures All the persons losing their livelihood resources or places of generating income as a result of the Project will be supported with short-term income and livelihood restoration assistance for subsistence during the transitional period. These short-term income and livelihood restoration measures will be for immediate assistance and include the following measures:

Compensation for land and other lost assets is paid in full prior to relocation. Temporary or short-term employment in construction activities at the resettlement or project

construction sites; and Special assistance, appropriate to vulnerable groups such as women, the aged and the

disabled. In addition to the above, the RAP will provide the following short-term assistance for income and livelihood restoration:

65

A. Cash Assistance to Support Lost Income

PAPs, including those experiencing indirect impacts, will be eligible for assistance for loss of employment/workdays (wage earners) owing to dislocation and relocation. One-time cash grant for a certain number of days will be paid to all such eligible PAPs. It is expected that the PAPs would be able to recover their losses and/or find alternative employment within this period. Following are the specific measures in the form of entitlements of PAPs to support their lost income:

Affected unskilled farm labourers will get a sum of BDT 19,800 calculated for 90 days wage at the rate of BDT 220 per person per day.

Affected unskilled non-farm labourers will get a sum of BDT 13,200 calculated for 60 days wage at the rate of BDT 220 per person per day.

Affected skilled non-farm labourers will get a sum of BDT 18,000 calculated for 60 days wage at the rate of BDT 300 per person per day.

Owners of residential and commercial premises will be entitled for an additional one-time dislocation allowance of BDT 4,000 per owner for loss of rental income from structures.

Persons losing more than 10% of his/her income due to acquisition of agricultural land will be entitled for a one time dislocation allowance of BDT 4,000 per person.

B. Assistance to re-establish business/enterprises

All owners of affected businesses will receive cash compensation and cash grant for loss of business premises plus shifting or moving allowance. This assistance is intended to help them re-establish their enterprises in new locations. All PAPs are likely to continue their previous occupations and commercial activities in new relocated site. . In addition, commercial plots will be allotted to the some of the intending business-losers in project sponsored resettlement sites on lease basis to re-establish affected businesses. However, those PAPs requiring change of profession will be given skill training and assistance to establish new business or get absorbed in new trade. Project assistance to re-establish business/enterprises in the short-term are the following:

Replacement value of structure at current market price at the time of dispossession along with the salvaged structure materials.

One time cash grant @ BDT 10 per sft of structures for titled owners and @ BDT 7 per sft of structures for non-titled owners for shifting the salvaged structure materials to new alternatibe locations.

One time cash grant @ BDT 15 per sft of structures for titled owners and @ BDT 10 per sft of structures for non-titled owners for reconstruction of structures at new alternatibe locations.

One time cash grant to each business proprioter in owned structure for loss of business @ 5% of the compensation for structure received from DC.

One time moving assistance of BDT 5,000 for each proprietor of business in rented in structures.

C. Special Assistance for Vulnerable Groups

Both the co-financier safeguard policies and good resettlement practices in Bangladesh stress on the need for special attention to vulnerable groups (female-headed, elderly-headed, disabled-heaeded and poor households) during implementation of resettlement program so that resettlement acts as an opportunity which enables improvement of their socio-economic status. Since vulnerable groups are at risk of becoming particularly disadvantaged as a consequence of involuntary resettlement, special assistance would be provided to them to assist in their rehabilitation.

66

One time special assistance of BDT 5,000 for each vulnerable household affected by the project.

Landless vulnerable households will be offered one residential plot each in the project designated resettlement sites free of cost.

D. Employment during Project Construction

The Project construction activities will require many unskilled laborers and skilled staff for earthwork in embankment and construction of bridge, approach road, offices and management work for a period of about 3 years. BBA will make provision in the contract with the contractors for employment of qualified PAPs and their dependents in the recruitment of local labor, including affected women. Employment in the project construction will act as an added source of income in the income and livelihood restoration processes of PAPs. The ILRP implementing NGO will prepare a list of all capable women workers (from amongst the affected households) and provide the same to local contractors through BBA. The supervision/ management consultants shall also monitor this through monthly statements of number of labor employed from the affected people.

Local people whose livelihood is impacted by the project will get preference in jobs associated with the project construction. The jobs, in the semi-skilled and unskilled category, shall be offered to the PAPs on a preferential basis.

E. Roadside Plantation and Social Forestry

Huge plantation work will be required to develop the resettlement sites, approach roadsids, interior road, guide bund aprons, service areas and other facilities of the bridge infrastructure. These are the tested areas for employment of the rural destitute women by NGOs and the DOF of the government. Affected women, who are particularly vulnerable, will be employed to these jobs.

BBA, with the help of NGOs, will organize plantation programs by engaging affected women and other vulnerable groups from the local poor of human resources prefereably the affected population. Selection of tree species, design, plan, and other technical support (for example, training) for roadside plantation will be as per Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Community Enviromental Management Plan (CEMP) involving BBA and other appropriate agencies, including Departments of Forestry/Environment of GoB.

7.2.2 Long-term Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan Long-term income & livelihood restoration plan (ILRP) for post-relocation activities will be designed and implemented over a period of 10 years. This is a post relocation intervention for sustainable livelihood program. Under the guidance of a national level NGO, local NGOs will be involved for fostering the ILRP activities among the deserving project affected persons. The ILRP will be designed through identification of target group beneficiaries (TGBs) and assessing the needs and feasibility of potential income generating activities. The long-term Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan will be developed for the following categories of project-affected people, eligible as Target Group Beneficiaries (TGBs): 1) Eligible members49 of poor50 and other vulnerable (women and disabled person headed)

households to be relocated as a result of Project construction; 2) Poor households or the employees and daily wage earners of the diminished businesses or

their nominated representatives; 3) Poor households losing access to agriculture land including sharecropper, and leaseholders;

49 Male or female household members between ages 18 to 45 years will be eligible for special assistance under income and livelihood restoration program. 50 Households having income below the national property line (BDT 4800 per household per month) in Bangladesh as on 2006 (estimate by consultant).

67

4) Poor households losing access to commercial land including business proprietorship; 5) Poor households losing more than 10% of their regular income due to acquisition and

execution of the project;

6) Women entrepreneurs and their association to be organized to establish cottage-type activity and marketing network for the rural products.

In order to ensure smooth implementation of the long-term livelihood restoration plan, a S ocial Development Fund (SDF) will be created by the Project. Allocation for the same has already been included in the RAP II budget. The SDF will be used for extending the following support to the affected households:

Working Capital Capacity building support and human resource cost required implementing the program. Business development services Market Linkages Skill development Women entrepreneurs Collective Enterprises Farm based inputs and extension services.

7.3 Needs Assessment and F easibility Study for viable income and livelihood restoration options

Sustainability of income and livelihood restoration activities depends on local resources, skills, needs and market opportunities. To enable viable livelihood activities, a detailed in-depth Baseline & Needs Assessment Study was conducted for identification of resources and/or opportunities available, present level of occupation, income generation activities, pattern of trading, small business, and other employment opportunities, needs and aspirations of the affected person. The main objective of this study was to:

Analyze the economic activities of all PAPs (by gender, age group, education, skills, income, household size, preference, options) so as to assess their needs primarily from census data

Identify multiple income and livelihood restoration programs (both individual and group specific) through beneficiary consultation, market and financial feasibility analysis.

Explore product-marketing opportunities within and outside the affected area. The study made a detailed inventory of all possible options and skills available or which can be developed for income and livelihood restoration. These options and skills are detailed below: Agriculture Development Program: Land acquisition for the project will reduce the farm size of

the affected households in the project affected area as replacement land will be scarce. It is further evident from BIDS survey that the displaced persons particularly the affected households losing agricultural land in the south bank (Janjira site) will opt to retain their current occupation in agriculture. However, to cover the gap in agriculture production, the farmers will have to increase productivity to restore the level of income. Diversification of high-value horticultureal and agricultural crops, improved varieties and better marketing may facilitate them increase production. An agriculture development program will, therefore, be worked out to integrate interested affected persons with improved farming and enhanced production. Under the program, a number of agricultural extension workers in close cooperation with the Department of Agriculture Extension will be placed to guide and assist the farmers. The farmers will be provided with agriculture inputs (quality seed, fertilizer, and the like), technology support (soil testing and fertilization planning, crop selection, etc.) and finally short-term credit. Farmers will be trained how to increase their farm incomes through the organization of farmers and demonstration farming

Cage Culture and Floating Pond: Padma River at the bridge-end points holds sufficient

perennial flow with its adjoining channels and tributaries holding water round the year. This water

68

can be used for fish culture using cage and floating pond by the TGBs without any restriction from any corner (government or private). The target people can catch fish (if not cultivate) as a source of income and livelihood resource. This income activity is widely practiced by the people along the river bank and has been reported very profitable.

Nakshi (design in stitches): There is a growing trend of utilizing low cost women labour available in the village in producing handicraft items. Private entrepreneurs, with adequate skills in designing, color processing and marketing locally and internationally, are effectively tapping this manpower. Women and girls can earn on average BDT 1500-3000/head/month even along with tending to the domestic chores. The women in the affected households will be organized by providing them with adequate training, technology, marketing facility, financial and organizational support.

River Based Activities: The project sites, especially at the bridge endpoints, there are

landing stations for river vessels and country boats in addition to the ferry operations. There are also commercial activities especially the fish market at Mawa. When the bridge will be constructed, it is expected that the channel along the guide-bund will remain open perennially at both banks of the river, which opens up the following opportunities for the affected communities:

a. Possibility of developing landing stations for boats and inland vessels using the

harbor to be used for transportation of construction materials and equipments. b. These can also be used for river cruising using small traditional and speedboats c. Establishing small shops and restaurant along the bank d. Attract tourists and generate employment for anybody interested to do it.

Occupational Skill Training: Effective occupational rehabilitation of the PAPs largely

depends upon the trainings they and their family members have received over the past years. The surveys undertaken in adjoining areas of the RTW right of way (BIDS survey) brought forth that about 25% of the affected persons have undergone training in the past on occupational skills. Trainings received by the PAPs and their family members encompass a wide array of subjects/areas including cattle/goat rearing, poultry raising, beef fattening, driving, primary and other health care, plastic goods manufacturing, banana cultivation, radio/TV repairing, tailoring, sewing/embroidery, Ansar, Village (rural) doctor, family planning, car repairing, fish cultivation, workshop mechanic and carpentry. Most important among them are tailoring (21.2%), poultry (20.2%), Sewing/embroidery (14.1%) driving (12.6%), cattle/goat rearing (7.1%) and radio/TV repairing (6.1%). Such households would be provided with credit support, through MFIs, for setting up their own small enterprises.

Tourism development: The project has designed a tourism development site in Janjira with a

viewing tower and all tourist amenities on sites to attract national and international visitors to the bridge site. The construction of bridge will provide enormous opportunities for local boat operators for tourism as source of income. Indeed currently the boat operators, particularly the speedboat operators are conduct tourist operations during weekend in the project area. This will be enhanced as an income source for the local affected person willing to undertake this as livelihood restoration program. The scope of tourism will include rips to local chars up and down stream of bridge site which provides a fascinating view of the flood plain and river system.

In addition to above measures, the GOB is also seriously considering a proposal for comprehensive development of the southwest region. This Master Development Plan includes development of new industries, businesses and urban settlement and is anticipated to create several new opportunities for the affected persons and the local community at large. The construction of the bridge will provide an impetus to the various economic initiatives.

69

7.4 Institutional Arrangement for ILRP BBA will be responsible for implementation of the ILRP through Resettlement Unit (RU) field offices. The Superintending Engineer in charge of the RU at HQs will coordinate the entire process. Figure 7.1 below give details of the institutional arrangements for ILRP.

Figure 7.1: Institutional Arrangement for Income and Livelihood Restoration Program

A Coordinating NGO (CNGO) selected from willing national NGOs (TORs attached), as Annex III with sufficient experience in poverty reduction activities and linkages with micro-finance institutions (MFI) will be employed to coordinate the ILRP in the Project. The CNGO will identify local level NGOs having long presence in the area and skills to implement the ILRP. The CNGO will guide and build the capacity of local NGOs for effective implementation. The entire focus will “result based” and on achievement of results. Mere completion of activities shall not be considered as the indicator of success. CNGO will also establish linkages with MFI and vocational training institutions, to extend all possible business development services and inputs to the affected persons. During implementation, detailed business plans will be developed for each activity to further establish its viability and sustainability. After completion of income and livelihood restoration program, the local NGOs will support the local communities for capacity building ensuring sustainability of the various programs.

The Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) will assist BBA in supervising and monitoring the activities of the CNGO and the NGOs at the field level. The External monitor will monitor the overall implementation approach, process and outcome of the ILRP. In addition, difficulties experienced by the CNGO & NGO in program implementation as well as the lapses in notifying the BBA for taking corrective measures on time shall also be monitored and looked into.

Executive Director, BBA

PD, PMBP

SE, RU-HQ

RU-Field, BBA INGO, RAP CNGO - ILRP

Local NGOs, ILRP

EMA

CSC

70

CHAPTER 8 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR RAP III IMPLEMENTATION

8.1 Introduction Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA)51 under the Bridge Division of the Ministry of Communications (MOC) is representing the Government of Bangladesh as the Executing Agency (EA) of the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (PMBP). BBA is responsible for undertaking all studies, design, and construction of this Bridge. It will also be responsible for operation and maintenance (O&M) of the bridge after its opening. BBA is mandated to undertake steps, as per guidelines of the MOC and advice of the Government, to secure required funds both from external and internal sources for the implementation of the Project. The WB, the ADB, the JICA and the IDB have agreed to co-finance the Project along with the Government of Bangladesh (GoB). A detail design consultant (DDC) is assisting BBA in scheme design, detail-engineering design on the approved scheme design and safeguard plans. DDC is also preparing procurement documents to employ construction supervision consultant, civil works contractor, NGOs and other agencies to assist BBA. The Deputy Commissioners (DCs) of Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur have been assisting BBA in acquiring land.

In addition to engineering construction contractors, BBA will also engage NGOs and agencies for implementation of safeguard plans including EMP, RAP, GAP, PHAP and CMP as well as monitoring and evaluation of these plans. The NGO for implementation of all the three RAPs has already been engaged by BBA.

8.2 Institutional Framework for RAP III Project Management Office (PMO), headed by a Project Director (PD), has already been set up within BBA for execution of the PMBP. A Resettlement Unit (RU) has been established within this PMO, which is responsible for implementation of the RAPs52 – compensation disbursement and resettlement of the project affected peoples (PAPs) including livelihood restoration, public health security, and gender equity management in the process of construction of the bridge and resettlement of PAPs. The RU is headed by a Superintending Engineer (Additional Director – Resettlement) and has field offices at both Mawa and Janjira headed by an Executive Engineer (Deputy Director – Resettlement) each. An Executive Engineer has also been put in place for Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) of the implementation of the Safeguard Plans as the Deputy Director – M&E (Figure 8.1). BBA is taking assistance from DCs of Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts for acquisition of land for the Project. Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) has been engaged for computerization of land acquisition data with GPS reference. Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) has been engaged for necessary surveys and verifications for preparation of RAPs. An experienced NGO (Christian Commission for Development in Bangladesh) has already been mobilised for implementation of the three RAPs at the field level. 51 Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) (formerly Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Authority) was created by Ordinance No XXXIV of 1985 on 4 July, 1985. The objective of Ordinance was to construct a Multipurpose Bridge over the mighty River, Jamuna. It was further amended in November 23, 1998 (Act. XXI of 1998)]. In order to keep consistency of it’s works the government has changed it’s name as Bangladesh

Bridge Authority (BBA). 52 RAP-I for the 5 Resettlement Sites, RAP-II for main bridge and approach road areas and RAP-III for RTW affected area.

71

Services of national and local level experienced NGOs will also be utilized by BBA in design and implementation of a livelihood and income and livelihood restoration plan within the framework of three RAPs (as outlined in Chapter 7). Public health safeguards will be ensured through implementation of the public health action plan (PHAP)53 and gender issues will be addressed through implementation of the gender action plan (GAP)54. Specialized NGOs will be employed for implementation of the ILRP, PHAP and GAP while the RAP implementing NGO, the DDC/CSC and the Construction Contractors will cooperate in respective areas for effective implementation of the said plans. In the Resettlements Sites, special arrangement will be made by BBA to operate the schools and health centers. Experienced NGOs with necessary skills and resources will be engaged to operate these services. BBA is in the process of establishing a Safeguard Department with separate environmental and resettlement units. The Safeguard Department will be permanent and part of BBA administration in post-construction period. The institutional study has recommended a “reformed” BBA with a new organogram55. An action plan for setting up the permanent Safeguard Department within BBA has been recommended in the Institutional Study. The recruitment of new staff/consultants is being done in accordance with the plan. Three Senior Resettlement Specialists will be recruited with BBA for five years.

Figure 8.1 Project Management Organizations in BBA

53 PMBP, Public Health Component Preliminary Action Plan, 28 October 2009 54 PMBP, Gender Action Plan, 26 October 2009 55 Padma Bridge Project - Institutional Strengthening Study, December 2009..

Permanent Unit Project Specific Unit Proposed Permanent Unit

Executive Director

Safeguard Department

Project Management Office -PMBP

Engineering Department

Administrative Department

Planning, Programming &

Monitoring

Finance and Accounting

Environmental Unit

Resettlement Unit

Roads and Bridge

RTW

Roads & Bridges

Bldg. & RTW

Other Works

Acct. & Budget

Audit

Admin. Protocol Security Estate

72

8.3 Roles and Responsibilities 8.3.1 Role of the Executive Director The Executive Director (ED) – BBA has the overall responsibility of the Project and is responsible for following:

Overall implementation of the resettlement program as per the RAP and the agreements signed with the Co-financiers.

Effecting necessary policy, administrative and financial decisions and actions, necessary for the successful implementation of the RAP, as per GOB decisions.

Timely release of necessary funds to the Resettlement Unit for implementation of the

resettlement program, as per the approved implementation schedule.

Delegating responsibility and powers to the Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), as required, for smooth implementation of the RAP.

8.3.2 Role of the Project Director The Project Director (PD) is the chief executive of PMO - PMBP. The PD is responsible for necessary policy, administrative and financial decisions and actions for effective and timely implementation of the Project as per the approved policy and implementation arrangements. PD may delegate his/her power through the Superintending Engineer (Additional Director – Resettlement), heading RU for overall management & implementation of the Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs), Gender Action Plan (GAP), Public Health Action Plan (PHAP) and Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP).

73

Figure 8.2 RU Organization Structure

Project Director PMBP

Safeguard Manager (Staff Consultant)

Sr Resettlement Specialist (3)

Superintendent Engineer Head, Resettlement Unit

DD, LA DD, M&E

Exec Engr Janjira

Exec Engr Mawa

Asstt. Engr (2) Asstt. Engr (2) AD, M&E

Kanungo Accountant Sub-

AsstEngr (2) Kanungo Accountant

Sub-

Asst.Engr

(2)

Data Entry Operator

Data Entry Operator

Computer Operator

Support Staff Support Staff Support Staff

Computer Programmer

74

8.3.3 Role of Resettlement Unit (RU) BBA-RU will be stationed at the BBA headquarter in Dhaka. A total of three field offices will be opened – one each in Mawa and two in Janjira with respective desks to handle cases of Janjira and Shibchar thanas separately. The main task of the Resettlement Unit, under the SE-Resettlement, shall comprise of the following: Overall planning, management and monitoring of the Land Acquisition Plan (LAP), Resettlement

Action Plans (RAPs), Gender Action Plan (GAP), Public Health Action Plan (PHAP), Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP) and Income and livelihood Restoration Program (ILRP).

Synchronization of resettlement activities with the construction schedule of the Project;

With the help of consultant/INGO design and set up necessary computer and software facilities

necessary for preparation of ID cards, automated loss, entitlement and payment files of individual EPs so as to effectively monitor and evaluate RAP implementation;

Ensure that all eligible persons are identified, provided with their respective entitlements (as per to the resettlement policy/package) and are relocated/resettled as per the implementation schedule, in time, with minimum hardships;

Liaise with the DCs‟ offices for the timely acquisition of land required for Padma Multipurpose

Bridge and payment of compensation and ensure that these activities are completed as per the planned schedule;

Ensure that all PAPs are informed about their entitlements and provided with ID cards as a proof

of their eligibility to resettlement benefits; Form Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) and ensure their smooth functioning, including

disposal of grievances; Monitor the effectiveness of entitlement packages and delivery mechanism and, if necessary,

propose modifications to BBA management; Prepare Terms of Reference (ToR) for Resettlement Implementing NGOs/Agency (INGO) and

other agencies that are to execute specific components of resettlement implementation on behalf of the BBA – RU

Select and appoint such agencies to implement and monitor progress and take remedial action

against slippages. Prepare monthly and quarterly progress reports for BBA Management as well as the Co-

financiers; Prepare Terms of Reference (ToR) for a “Post Resettlement Survey” as well as select and

appoint appropriate agency to execute these survey(s). Propose to BBA any remedial action needed, based on the Post Resettlement Survey results,

Payment of additional grant for replacement land purchase, house/business reconstruction grant,

and dismantling and removal assistance and all other assistances in cash or kind, as stipulated under the resettlement policy, to all the eligible PAPs;

Develop the proposed resettlement sites for housing and businesses in Mawa and Janjira sides

with civic amenities and services (in line with Jamuna Model);

75

Devise procedures for allotment of housing and commercial plots through SE Resettlement /EE Resettlement/Deputy Directors, Consultants and INGO;

Propose establishment of PVAC to determine realistic replacement costs of Land, Structure,

Trees and crops and accordingly recommend prices/rates for all types of losses incurred by the PAPs;

Update, if required, the Land Market Survey to determine the replacement cost of land in and

around the project area and accordingly recommend Maximum Allowable Replacement Value (MARV) for replacement land;

Identify and plan resettlement measures for EPs who have already vacated their lands;

Co-ordinate with related agencies regarding possible adverse impact on population as a result of

changed river regime and where necessary assist BBA to design and carry out mitigation measures;

Arrange afforestation programs on BBA surplus land, resettlement sites, road sides and

embankments and in host areas, with the help of Forest Department and / or NGOs, involving poor & vulnerable PAPs;

Negotiate with Contractors for providing preferential employment to PAPs in the construction

activities;

Prepare area development programs including expansion of community facilities like education, sanitation, health, drinking water supply etc. in the RS and host villages in consultation with host population

Study and monitor unforeseen adverse effects during and after construction and take necessary

mitigation measures;

Liaise with other government and non government agencies in the country, on matters of mutual interest, related to resettlement.

8.3.4 RU – Role of the SE (Resettlement) The SE (Resettlement) will be the head of the RU in BBA and will work under the overall guidance and supervision of the Project Director/Executive Director. The SE – Resettlement will be directly responsible for executing all tasks assigned to the RU and any other tasks assigned to him/her by the Executive Director/PD from time to time. The SE-Resettlement will be assisted by three Deputy Directors and four/six Assistant Engineer for HQ and field level management of the resettlement operations. The SE-Resettlement, as the head of the resettlement unit, will be responsible for:

Preparation of job descriptions of Deputy Directors/Assistant Directors (HQ and Field), delegate tasks, responsibilities and powers to them, and supervise and monitor their work;

Plan, organize and manage the implementation of Land Acquisition Plan (LAP), Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), Gender Action Plan (GAP), Public Health Action Plan (PHAP), Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP) and Income and livelihood restoration program (ILRP) in consultation with other participating agencies and in accordance with the agreed time schedule.

In consultation with the PD/Executive Director and the GoB carry out negotiations and deploy

NGOs and other participating agencies, contract specific tasks and activities with them and ensure that these agencies carry out and complete activities as per the agreement with BBA and within the agreed time schedule;

76

In consultation with the PD//Executive Director and GoB, negotiate and finalize contract with

banks, financing and micro-financing institutions, operational modalities of credit schemes, implement that as part of the resettlement program and ensure that such arrangements and agreements are working;

Identify and bring to the notice of the PD/Executive Director – any policy, administrative or

financial actions that are necessary at the government level for smooth implementation of RAP;

Ensure that the funds necessary for carrying out resettlement activities in the field are

released to field officers, INGO and other agencies (as assigned with resettlement tasks) on time and such activities are carried out without any administrative hindrances;

Closely monitor the implementation of LAP, GAP, PHAP, PCPP and ILRP and propose

modification/improvement to BBA and to the Co-financiers, as necessary;

Submit comprehensive periodic progress reports to BBA Management and through them to GOB and the Co-financiers.

The SE-RU will also have full administrative and financial powers to manage the resettlement program in all matters including the following:

(i) appointment of work-charged staff, up to certain levels, with prior sanction of the post.

(In case of recruitment, promotion, transfer and disciplinary action against staff, normal rules of the government will be followed);

(ii) administrative control of all officers and staffs of the RU, and (iii) will exercise the full financial powers in following matters related to resettlement

project/Unit, subject to availability of fund and with PCP/PP provision the SE-RU:

a. Regarding finalization of tenders of resettlement project, the PD will form tender evaluation committee (s) in line with the GoB procurement policy and process the selection and award.

b. All kinds of bills related to the resettlement program will be finalized and approved by the SE-RU and payments will be made through cash/check by RU Accounts section. The Resettlement Project Accounts section will assist SE-RU in the process of finalization and approval of these bills. For reconciliation of accounts, a quarterly meeting will be held with Resettlement Accounts section and BBA Accounts Dept. the same will also be audited annually.

c. Salary and allowance of officers and staffs either deputed or recruited in RU will be prepared and passed by SE-RU.

d. Specific civic amenities in host areas as per the design plan.

8.3.5 Role of Executive Engineer - Resettlement Executive Engineers will be the field level-implementing officers of the Resettlement Unit responsible for field level coordination of the resettlement operation in Mawa and Janjira. The RU-field Offices will be located at Mawa and Janjira and shall have the responsibility for the overall implementation of all field level operation related to resettlement.

77

The key functions of the Executive Engineer at the field office level would comprise of the following:

o Issuance of ID Cards to all eligible persons (EP); o Provide necessary assistance for purchase of replacement land; o Ensure that all EPs are relocated on time and are provided with the Transfer Grant in

cash and or in kind; o Identify eligible E\Ps who need to be allotted plots at resettlement sites and

Commercial areas; o Organize grievance redress committee meetings; o In consultation with DC and local leaders, organize meetings in host area villages to

persuade and encourage the host population to provide replacement lands and settlement sites to PAPs;

o Sanction and provide various cash grants planned under the RAP to entitled persons and ensure that these grants are m ade available as per the system defined in the RAP;

o Selection of homestead losing EPs for temporary settlement on "KHAS LAND" or surplus land (only in addition to their other entitlement);

o Provide hard copies of draft and final EP file, EC and Payment Statement to respective EPs

o Liaise with the NGOs for the effective implementation of information campaign, vocational training, income and livelihood restoration and other activities delegated to them.

o Maintain close contact with HQ and submit monthly/quarterly progress report on Resettlement implementation

o Supervision of civic amenities at RS sites; o Effective management of site offices and timely implementation of the directives. o Develop a system of verification of all land transactions and ensure that the revenue

officer follows the prescribed process in case of each transaction.

8.3.6 Role of Deputy Director – M&E DD–Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) will be responsible to maintain the database of the entire resettlement operations covering RAP I, II and III. DD will be assisted by a trained computer programmer who will manage the database using software that will allow quick verification and assessment of the status of compensation payment and other relocation benefits of individual households. DD M&E will review the monthly progress report submitted by implementing NGO and verify the progress through field level investigations and consultation with the affected households. The DD will also be responsible for preparation of quarterly progress report for co-financiers on resettlement implementation based on monthly reports of INGO and field inputs. Other details include:

To assist SE in Implementation of SAP with assistance from concerned agencies. To set up a electronic databank and document archive by the concerned agencies as the key source of

information on all resettlement-related data for implementation and monitoring purposes. Monitoring and evaluation of SAP to assist SE in overall planning, management and monitoring of SAP. Synchronization of resettlement activities with the construction schedule of the project. Liaise with DC Offices for payment of compensation as per the planned schedule. Monitoring the activities of NGO, RU field Offices, the effectiveness of entitlement packages and

delivery mechanism and if necessary, propose modification to BBA management. Assist SE preparing terms of reference (ToR) for a post Resettlement survey. Supervise the activities of subordinates as Assistant Directors, Deputy Assistant director and other

supporting Stuffs. Salary and allowances of the subordinate stuffs. To help SE in commencing any contract with NGO's, Banks, financing and micro financing institutions. Assist SE preparing monthly and quarterly progress reports for BBA management as well as the Co-

financiers.

78

8.3.7 Functions and Powers of Assistant Engineer - Resettlement The main function of Assistant Engineer- Resettlement will be as follows:

Maintaining close contact with PAPs, informing them about their entitlements and resettlement benefits, verifying claims and grievances and accordingly take necessary action or inform the Deputy Director.

Promptly bring to notice of Deputy Director/SE–Resettlement matters of urgent nature.

Closely monitor migrating PAPs to the host areas.

Organize squatters and uthulis for their settlement at RS site or elsewhere.

With the help of Kanungos, demarcate plots in surplus land and khas land.

In consultation with Forest Officer, demarcate areas for plantation.

Supervise, monitor and evaluate the training programs of NGOs.

Demarcate plots on RS sites.

Ensure that all legal and administrative formalities necessary for disbursement of entitlement to EPs are completed according to the Payment Modality/administrative manual.

Submit regular progress reports to the Executive Engineer.

8.3.8 Functions of Sub-Assistant Engineers The main function of the Sub-Assistant Engineers will be to:

Liaise with the ADC – Land and NGOs to ascertain land purchase by the EPs; Through the implementing NGO contact and supervise the activities of resettlement workers;

and Monitor and resolve the problems arising out of migration of PAPs to host areas, if any. Supervision of construction of civic amenities in RS and host areas.

8.3.9 Role of Deputy Commissioners ‟ Office(s) The Deputy Commissioner (DC) has a key role to play in land acquisition (LA) and R&R processes. He/she has the legal responsibility of acquiring land and paying compensation directly to the PAPs as per the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982 and subsequent amendments made thereafter. Furthermore, he/she has access to official records and the Legal/Administrative authority for title of land and eligibility of PAPs for Cash Compensation under Law (CCL) for land as well as for other assets, covered by the law. Taking into account the additional land acquisition requirement of the Project, there is a definite need to enhance the capacity of the LAO section of the concerned DCs, by means of engaging additional senior LA staff, for efficient processing of LA requests. It is also necessary that like the DC Munshiganj, the other DCs also initiate their own website for disclosure of necessary information relating to LA cases. The EA and the implementing NGOs, will work with the representatives of the DCs during the Joint Verification of affected properties and the market survey of the properties, for ascertaining the current replacement value, before budgeting the total compensation payable to the PAPs.

79

DC would be asked to appoint Special Land Acquisition Officer (SLAO) for PMBP in each of the affected districts. Each thana of the project area would be assigned to one officer each on deputation for helping in identification of the owners of the affected properties and process the papers for the compensation payment. These officers would be in-charge of land records and revenue. The DC offices will receive funds for CCL payment from BBA and effect payment of CCL to the directly affected persons immediately, following issuance of notice under section 7 to facilitate quick disbursement of differentials, if any, by the BBA. Participation of the DC will be necessary in the host area meetings. Similarly DC‟s intervention/assistance will be required in matters such as land requisition, disposal of land ownership disputes, allotment of khash land and other surplus land.

8.3.10 Role of Implementing NGOs It has now been generally recognized that the task of successfully implementing a RAP requires special attitude, experience and skills in dealing with the grassroots level people, which are available among some reputed NGOs in the country. Therefore, it has been adopted as a government policy to commission the services of such an NGO to assist in the implementation of this RAP. The principal task of the implementing NGO would be to identify the project affected households/business enterprises and persons relating to the enterprises, estimating their losses and dislocations, and processing their entitlement as per the packages. The next main task would be to assist BBA in disbursing entitlements, which are outside the purview of CCL. The INGOs would also play an important role in addressing legitimate grievances of the PAPs and vulnerable groups. INGO would also undertake Income and livelihood restoration activities.

8.3.11 Role of Project Consultants

Resettlement specialists of the Detail Design Consultant (DDC) and Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) Team, acting on behalf of the Project and BBA, will ensure that sound methodologies and practices are followed in the implementation of RAP. The consultants will advise on any changes in the modalities of the implementation work, participate in meetings with the contracted agency/NGO and BBA, and monitor the work of the implementing NGO/agency in the field. The consultants will also review, on behalf of SE-RU, the implementation progress report, submitted by the contracted NGO/agency, on a regular basis.

8.3.12 Role of External Monitoring Agency

Except internal monitoring and evaluation by the EA for land acquisition and resettlement, an independent monitoring agency (EMA) will be engaged through competitive bidding process to undertake resettlement supervision, monitoring and evaluation for the land acquisition and resettlement implementation. EMA will carry out observation of the resettlement program and implementation and submit an independent monitoring and appraisal report of the RAP implementation to the PMO, BBA and to the Co-financiers. The responsibilities of the EMA are indicated in detail in Chapter 10.

8.4 Resettlement Management Committees

The process for implementation of RAPs will be participatory with representation from the government, local elected representatives, community and the affected persons. Selected representatives from appropriate stakeholders will be absorbed in various resettlement management committees. A Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC) at the Upazila level will be formed for determination of replacement market value of land and assets for compensation. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) for each union will be formed for addressing grievances of the affected persons in the resettlement process. Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) will be formed to facilitate BBA for timely relocation of PAPs from the required land and assist delivery of project sponsored resettlement benefits as designed in RAP. Besides, to identify the quantity and quality of

80

affected properties concretely, in case of any confusion, an Inventory Verification Committee (IVC) will be formed.

In order to ensure collective sharing of responsibilities, PVAC, GRC, RAC and IVC be formed with representatives of the BBA, Consultant and representatives of the LGI through administrative order of the Ministry of Communications with appropriate legal authority through gazette notification. Formation, roles and responsibilities, and the mandates of the committees proposed are presented below:

8.4.1 Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC)

Given that compensation levels are often inadequate in reflecting RVs, it is necessary to form Property Valuation Advisory Committees (PVACs) to (i) provide guidance for the valuation of properties at replacement cost, and (ii) recommend the replacement value to the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) for approval. The Executive Director (ED), BBA/Secretary, Bridges Division, Ministry of Communications, will authorize the formation of PVACs in each of the Upazilas covered by the Project. The PVACs, which should record proceedings of all their deliberations, shall comprise the following:

Munshiganj – Lauhajang Upazila Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), Convener Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Lauhajang (Member) LAO, Munshiganj (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Munshiganj (Member) Deputy Director (Resettlement), PMBP (Member-Secretary) Munshiganj – Srinagar Upazila Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), Convener Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Srinagar (Member) LAO, Munshiganj (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Munshiganj (Member) Deputy Director (Resettlement), PMBP (Member-Secretary) Shariatpur – Janjira Upazila Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), Convener Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Janjira (Member) LAO, Shariatpur (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Shariatpur (Member) Deputy Director, Resettlement Unit, PMBP (Member-Secretary) Madaripur – Shibchar Upazila Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), Convener Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Shibchar (Member) LAO, Madaripur (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Madaripur Deputy Director (Resettlement), PMBP (Member Secretary) The CSC/DDC will assist the PVACs by providing technical expertise in assessing the RVs for properties (land by type and mouza, structure by basic construction type, trees by broad species-type, and crops by type. DTC will undertake consultations, as needed, with affected persons and host populations to obtain adequate information about property values, and review, as needed, past

81

reports on replacement value.56 For land, DDC will seek to reconcile those values with the land market survey data obtained under the census surveys conducted by the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS). The PVACs will review and verify, as needed, through additional field investigations, the replacement values assessed by type in all three districts will be submitted to MOC for approval. The difference between CCL and RV will be paid by BBA to the eligible persons (EPs) with the assistance from the RAP implementing NGO.

8.4.2 Grievance Redress Committee (GRC)

In dealing with a vast number of affected persons, disputes on entitlement processes are very likely to arise due, for example, to gaps in legal/land records systems and need for updated titles of holdings during project implementation. Experience from past projects shows that there are often (i) fraudulent authorization and “no-objection” documents; (ii) errors in establishing inventory of losses (IOL); (iii) cases of dispute over ownership such as an earlier owner receiving an award even after the sale of land prior to acquisition; (iv) issues related to Government vested property, and (v) other socially and legally identified owners. Also, there may be issues arising out of environmental impacts and mitigations.

Objectives of GRC

To deal with resettlement related disputes and to make the project accountable to the affected people, a two-tier GRC will be established. First, GRC at the local level consisting of local representatives of the affected people, project staff, and local government representatives and INGO will receive cases and will resolve locally within a defined timeline. Cases which are not satisfactorily resolved or affected persons have grievances, will be forwarded to a project level “independent” GRC. The decision by the independent GRC will be binding on the project. Local level GRCs have already been established in the project area in each Union Parishad and gazette by the Government of Bangladesh. Thus the GRCs are officially recognized community based body to resolve disputes arising out of various matters related to SAP and EAP. The fundamental objectives of GRCs are to resolve any resettlement-related grievances locally in consultation with the aggrieved party to facilitate smooth implementation of the social and environmental action plans. Another important objective is to democratize the development process at the local level and to establish accountability to the affected people. Composition of local GRC The following GRC composition has been gezetted for the entire project are with representations from BBA, INGO, local elected officials, representatives of affected people and women in the project area to ensure participatory process and to allow voices of the affected communities in the grievance procedures. Executive Engineer – PMBP : Convener 1 representative of INGO : Member Secretary Chairman – concerned Union Parishad : Member Female member of concerned ward of the UP : Member Representative of Women PAPs : Member One (1) representative of PAPs (based on the recommendation of INGO and approved by Convener) This structure of GRC has worked in the past projects – for example, Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project, Bhairab Bridge Construction Project, Pakshey Bridge Project and Southwest Road Network Development Project. The post-project evaluations indicate that GRCs have worked well and was successful in resolving disputes in a participatory manner and with fairness in the decision making process. Unresolved cases will be forwarded to the project level independent GRC.

56 In particular, BCL (2006) and ADB PPTA (2007).

82

The GRC is empowered to take a decision which is binding on BBA. In RAP I, the GRC processes under the above format is functioning well in resolving dispute quickly.

TOR for local GRC

The scope of work and the Terms of Reference (TOR) for GRC are:

(i) The GRC shall review, consider and resolve grievances related to social/resettlement and environmental mitigations during implementation received by the RU Field Office

(ii) Any grievances presented to the GRC should ideally be resolved on the first day of hearing or within a period of three weeks, in cases of complicated cases requiring additional investigations. Grievances of indirectly affected persons and/or persons affected during project implementation will also be reviewed by GRC

(iii) The GRC will not engage in any review of the legal standing of an “awardee” other than in the distribution of shares of acquired property among the legal owners and associated compensation or entitlement issues

(iv) GRC decisions should ideally be arrived at through consensus, failing which resolution will be based on majority vote. Any decision made by the GRC must be within the purview of RAP policy framework and entitlements

(v) The GRC will not deal with any matters pending in the court of law (vi) A minimum three (3) members shall form the quorum for the meeting of the GRC.

GRC meetings will be held in the respective RU Field Office in the project area or other location(s) as agreed by the Committee. If needed, GRC members may undertake field visits to verify and review the issues at dispute, including titles/shares, reason for any delay in payments or other relevant matters. Project level Independent GRC The project level independent GRC will review all unresolved cases involving SAP and EAP. The project level GRC is headed by a retired District Judge/Professor. The composition of the Independend GRC will be as follows:

Chair Person – Retired District Judge (nominated by the Bangladesh Judicial Association)/Senior Professor of Law (nominated by the Law Department of a Public University)

Member Secretary – Head of RU, BBA

Member – Representative of Civil Society (nominated by NGO Forum/Public universities)

The role of the Head of RU BBA in this independent GRC is to provide necessary knowledge and information regarding relevant project policies and agreements with co-financiers and development partners. The decision of this GRC will be based on a two-third majority basis. The provision of Independent GRC will further establish fairness and transparency in the resolution of grievances by project affected persons. In case of technical nature of environmental issues, or any legal matters, CSC environmental and social development specialists will advise the Independent GRC. In specific cases, external legal advisors may be sought, if required. TOR for Independent GRC The scope of work and the Terms of Reference (TOR) for Independent GRC are:

(i) Review, consider and settle unresolved grievances forwarded by local GRCs related to social/resettlement and environmental issues.

(ii) Any grievances presented to the independent GRC should ideally be resolved within three months from the date of receiving the complaints.

83

(iii) In case of complicated cases, the GRC members can request additional information or carry out field level verifications.

(iv) Resoltions should be based on consensus among members, failing which the decision may be taken on majority vote.

(v) Any decision made by the GRC must be within the purview of RAP policy framework and entitlements.

(vi) The GRC will not deal with any matters pending in the court of law. (vii) All three (3) members are required to form the quorum for the meeting of the GRC.

Procedures for Filing GRC Cases and Documentation PAPs will be able to file their grievances without any fear and intimidation. Where required, the implementing NGO will assist the PAPs in drafting the grievances. All grievances must be submitted in writing to the Chair, GRC. The complainant may be represented by the PAP him/herself or appointed agent such as locally elected officials/legal advisors. The judgment made by GRC will be communicated to the concerned PAP in writing. If dissatisfied, and with the agreement of the GRC, the PAP may request a further review of the judgment of local GRC by the Project level Independent GRC. In such cases, the case will be forwarded to the Independent GRC with all documentations. The decision of the Independent GRC will be based on a two-third majority basis. If the disputant still remain unsatisfied, he/she can go to the formal court of law. Therefore, in this project the affected persons have multiple options to deal with grievances regarding resettlement issues. GRC procedures and operational rules will be publicized widely through community meetings and pamphlets in the local language (Bangla) so that PAPs are aware of their rights and obligations, and procedure of grievance redress. All local GRC docments will be maintained by INGO for review and verification by CSC/MC, Co-financiers and Panel of Experts. The BBA Field Office(s) will act as the Secretariat to the local GRCs. As a result, the records will be uptodate and easily accessible on-site.

The local GRCs will forward the unresolved cases to the project level independent GRC. Member secretary of independent GRC will be responsible for maintaining the case records and will act as the secretariat of the independent GRC. The GRC proceedings will be available for review by co-financiers‟ missions, members of POE and external monitors. Approval of GRCs and Entitlements of GRC Members All GRC members (both local and independent) will attend a training and orientation meeting prior to commencement of their work. The training will be conducted by Project staff and consultants/resettlement experts. Local GRC members (except for BBA and NGO representatives) will be entitled to Tk. 300/- (three hundred) per day as honorarium from the implementing NGO budget (i.e., reimbursable head). Light snacks/refreshments will be provided during the meetings under the NGO budget. In case of day-long meeting, GRC members may also be served lunch. Necessary stationery and other logistics will be made available by the NGO. Independent GRC will be housed at the PMO office in Dhaka. Members of Independent GRC (except for member secretary) with receive a sum of Tk. 3000 (three thousand) per sitting from the project resettlement budget as fees and local travel expenses. There will be at least one session every three months to review cases received by independent GRC. The Independent GRC will be provided with all documentations from the field offices for review purposes. If required, they will request the presence of the complainants and may undertake field visit for verification purposes.

84

8.4.3 Inventory Verification Committee (IVC)

Inventory of losses (IOL) has been established at different stages of project feasibility study and preparation starting from JICA feasibility study (2003-05) through BBA RAP study (2005-06), ADB PPTA study (2006) and DDC census by BIDS (July 2009). The DCs have also conducted joint verification of physical property and usage of land under acquisition for the Project. During implementation stage, identification of affected persons and determination of their losses will be based on IOL data consistent with present condition and project implementation status. Data has to be verified and confirmed against COD and legitimate impact following the IOL at various stages. An Inventory Verification Committee (IVC) will, therefore, be formed with particular responsibilities of data validation through gazette notification by the MOC. Formation of the IVC will be as follows:

Executive Engineer - Resettlement, RU : Chairman Resettlement Specialist/BBA, DDC/MC : Member Representative of DC office : Member LGI Representative : Member

IVC will compare the IOL with that of different sources and verify cases where variations will be identified more than 10% on either side. Based on the volume of work, IVC may use services of an NGO/consultant with computerized data processing and programming capacity at the field level. IVC will be formed in each Union Parished within the project area.

8.4.4 Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) At the implementation stage, BBA will form a Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) in each union with the approval of the head of BBA-RU in order to involve the local communities and PAPs in the implementation process. The committee will ensure local participation, provide local inputs and assist in all matters related to implementation of the RAP. This Committee shall comprise of the following:

Executive Engineer – Resettlement (field) : Convener The Areas Manager of INGO : Member- Secretary LGI representative : Member Representative of Women PAPs : Member

85

Figure 8.3 RAP Implementation Arrangement

Coordination Line of Authority GOB (BBA/DCs) NGO/Consultants Stakeholders‟ committees- RAP

Sub-Asst. Engr (2)

Deputy Commissioner

Computer Operator

Deputy TL

Area Manager

Supervisors

Resettlement Workers

Computer Operator

Deputy TL

Area Manager

Resettlement Workers

Supervisors

Asst. Engr (R)

Sr. Asst. Engr (R)

Accountant

Data Entry Operator

Sr. Asst. Engr (R)

Asst. Engr (R)

Data Entry Operator

Asst. Director (M&E)

Support Services

Kanungo Sub-Asst. Engr (2) Kanungo Accountant

Support Services Support Services Support Services

Construction Supervision Consultants (CSC)

Systems Analyst

LA Officer Resettlement Management

Committees (GRC, PVAC, IVC) Team Leader

(INGO) Exec Engr (R)

Mawa Dy. Director

(M&E) LA Officer

Gender Specialist

Exec Engr (R) Janzira

Database Manager

Dy. Director (LA-BBA)

Executive Director BBA

Project Director PMBP (BBA)

Superintending Engineer

[Resettlement (R)]

86

8.5 Capacity Building for Resettlement Management There is a need for an efficient organizational set-up for involuntary resettlement management. The key organizations/agencies responsible for implementation of the three RAPs involve:

BBA as the Executing Agency (EA) for the Project

Deputy Commissioner(s) of the concerned districts

Department of Fisheries, Forestry, Agricultural Extension, Cooperative, Upazila administration and Banks,

Local Government Institutions like Upazila Parishad and Union Parishad which represents the PAPs in all forums in connection with land acquisition, resettlement and income and livelihood restoration;

Experienced NGOs/Institutions/Consultants for assisting BBA for RAP implementation, income and livelihood restoration and need based surveys and services and internal monitoring; and

BBA is in the process of establishing a Safeguard Department within the permanent structure of the organization with separate environmental and resettlement units.

Participation of these organizations/agencies is important to implement a time-bound (i) Land Acquisition Plan, (ii) Resettlement Plan (iii) Gender Action Plan, (iv) Public Health Action Plan, (v) Public Consultation and Participation Plan and (vi) Income and Livelihood Restoration Program. In order to build capacity of these bodies, specific terms of reference, legal/administrative authority, intensive training/orientation focusing on the tasks and responsibilities, are considered imperative. DD Consultant will conduct training on resettlement management for capacity building of the agencies (e.g., RU, DC/Local administration, RAC and GRC members) for effective implementation of RAPs. The DD Consultant will also conduct briefing on RAPs and implementation issues with implementing NGO prior to mobilization and resettlement implementation. At the BBA level, some capacity building initiatives – for example, analysis of existing capacity, staff skills, staff development and training needs – have already been taken by the Social/Resettlement Advisor57 to BBA. DD Consultant will conduct short-term resettlement management training and workshops involving related agencies and field staff dedicated to implementation of RAPs. In addition, a set of operational guidelines and a handbook will be prepared to guide the field staff for consistent applications of the policies and practices. In order to build capacity of key BBA staff, including field staff involved in RAP implementation, an Overseas Training cum exposure on involuntary resettlement management will be organized. This Overseas Training cum exposure trip will likely involve visits People‟s Republic of China (PRC), India and Sri Lanka and shall focus on sharing of the Resettlement management experiences on similar type of projects. The DD Consultant will design an overseas Training cum Exposure program (combining tour of China, India and Sri Lanka) for interaction with the infrastructure agencies of these countries managing involuntary resettlement as per international development financing institutions relevant policies. Presently, BBA is in the process of recruiting new staff/consultants for the safeguard department including a Safeguard Manager (environmental and resettlement) and three Senior Resettlement Specialists for five years.

57 The advisor was hired under the World Bank Project Preparation Facility and services of the advisor concluded by the end of third week of January 2010.

87

8.6 Implementation and Monitoring Database The DD team, with assistance from concerned agencies, will establish a complete electronic databank and document archive as the key source of information on all resettlement-related data for implementation and monitoring purposes. After the finalization of the RTW design, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) will conduct a census survey, establishing an inventory of loss and a cut-off date for entitlement eligibility (for non-titled persons). The database prepared by BIDS will provide assessment of losses and price of all types of land in all the affected mouzas. Any persons moving into the project area after the cut-off dates will not be entitled for compensation from DCs or any assistance from BBA. However, any PAPs not covered in the enumerations before the CODs can be enlisted with sufficient proof and approval from the GRCs. The Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) has been engaged to assist the DD consultants for providing technical services for the tasks. CEGIS will collect satellite images of the affected area, digitize mouza maps, and establish a geo-referencing system to ensure that the database is accurate and there is no manipulation of information and subsequent abuse of the policy framework. CEGIS will also provide software and prepare program for entitled person (EP) files on individual households for checking and verification purposes. The file will contain detailed socio-economic data on individual EPs, lost assets, compensation entitlements and payments, and relocation and resettlement status. The databank will enhance institutional capacity of BBA/Field Offices and the implementing NGO in resettlement management and operations of the project.

8.7 RAP-III Implementation Schedule A time-bound implementation schedule is presented in Figure 8.4. The overall schedule of implementation is based on the principle that (i) all affected households are paid their due compensation and other benefits/allowances prior to relocation; and (ii) relocation of the households/businesses will be synchronized with the schedule. The activities listed concern vacating lands for the river training works and resettlement activities – for example, payment of additional grant over CCL to reach replacement value, income and livelihood restoration activities, and social development for vulnerable groups. Land acquisition for RTW is being done in a phased manner. A large portion of the land for RTW has been processed already following the feasibility study design and payment of compensation will be made upon clearance of this RAP and acqusition for additional land for revision of RTW design will follow.

88

Figure 8.4 - RAP III Implementation Schedule

Q22011 20122010

3 Prepare application for CCL collection for PAPs2 Assist PAPs in the process of CCL collectoin

PAPs approach and receive RV/AG for RV

PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION

Possession and handing over land

ActivityNo.

6Award of Compensation u/s 7

4

Preparation of LAP and Submission to DCs1

B.

Q1

1

LAND ACQUISITION

Notice u/s 3, Joint Verification, Notice u/s 63

A.

2 Land aAcquisition Processing by DCs

LA Estimate and Fund Placement with DC5

2014

C.

SOCIAL PREPARATIONMobilization of INGO in the field

Opening Bank Account by the PAPs

6

2

1 Coordinate with DC offices on land acquisition

4

2013Q4Q3Q1

4

6 Determination of Entitlements5 Identification of EPs/Issuance of ID Cards

Disclosure of RAP

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

5 PAPs apply and receive CCL

3 NGO assistance to APs for CCL collectionFormation of PVAC, IVC, GRCs & RACs

Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q42015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

89

G. IMPLEMENTATION OF ILRP

Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

Alotment of RS plots4 Land development for group relocatees

Phased Possession

No. Activity2010 2011 2012

Q1D. RELOCATION1 Payment of Transfer and Reconstruction Grants2 Payment of other resettlement grants

Q2

4 Monitoring IRP Implementation

F. MIS AND MONITORING1 Design, Develop and Operate Automated MIS

1 Hiring Coordinationg NGODevelop/update Income Restoration Plan (IRP)

3 Implement IRP

2 Internal Monitoring

2

Q3 Q4

2 Review, Approval and ActionsComplaints from agrieved APs

PAP mobilization and relocation

3

5

1E. GRIEVANCE REDRESS6 Monitoring relocated households

3 Independent External Monitoring

2013 2014 2015

Start of Civil Works

90

CHAPTER 9 LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT COSTS

9.1 Introduction The costs for land acquisition and resettlement in the RAP-III have been estimated at current market price of land, as per land rates approved by GOB for the year 201058 and the proposed replacement rates for affected structures and rates for trees and crops used in RAP-II. All additional assistance has been determined based on census results and the provisions in the entitlement matrix (Table 5.1 in this RAP-III) including loss of income and vulnerabilities. This budget is indicative of outlays for different expenditure categories assessed by BIDS Census (2011) for physical assets and affected households due to acquisition of agricultural land and the approved rates for land by the Government. These costs will be adjusted with the progress of land acquisition and any adjustment in rates for elapsed time during implementation of this RAP. Replacement value of land and property will be updated annually if the PVAC at the district level justifies the same at the time of dispossession. All land acquisition and resettlement funds will be provided by BBA based on the financing plan agreed by the Government of Bangladesh and international co-financiers. Relocation of affected persons, squatters, encroachers and lessees, and their R&R will be considered as an integral component of the project costs. The rehabilitation and training to the potential affected persons will be provided under the income and livelihood restoration program (ILRP) based on vulnerability and needs assessed through a special census and consultation exercise using the social development fund (SDF). BBA will ensure that the land acquisition and resettlement budgets are de livered on time to the DCs and resettlement account of the field office of the BBA-RU respectively. BBA will also ensure that the RAP- III is submitted to co-financiers for concurrence, and that funds for entitlements under the RAP-III is fully provided to PAPs prior to the award of the civil work contract. Compensation and resettlement funds will be provided to the PAPs in two separate ways:

Compensation under law for acquisition of land will be disbursed through the Deputy Commissioners;

Additional assistance for resettlement of project-affected persons will be disbursed directly by BBA with assistance from INGO.

9.2 Budget

RAP-III budgets for replacement value of land, structures and other assets, and special assistance will be calculated using the market rates reflecting replacement cost or updating the replacement value of assets at the time of dispossession. The costs for relocation and special assistance will be consistent with the resettlement policy framework and entitlement matrix. Other costs involving project disclosure, public consultations and focus group

58 GOB Gazette, 2010. Replacement Value of Land for Padma Bridge Project, Dhaka, 4 November

91

discussions, surveys, training and income and livelihood restoration, and monitoring and evaluation have been included in the RAP-III budget. There is also a budget allocation for RAP-III implementation (15% of the total) and a 10% contingency.

The cost estimate in this RAP is based on inventory of losses determined through census survey by BIDS in February 2011 including ADB PPTA study in 2006 for affected wage earners and current compensation rate for land approved by GOB and for structure and other assets proposed for approval. This estimate will be adjusted with the progress in land acquisition and implementation of RAP-III. Therefore, the budget will remain as a dynamic process for cost estimate even during implementation. However, GOB is firmly committed to mobilize additional funds, if necessary. The total estimated cost of implementation of RAP-III is BDT 8916 million (US$ 145.35 million). The budget includes BDT 6964 million for replacement value of land, structures, trees and crops; BDT 39 million for relocation of housing and businesses, BDT 160 million for rehabilitation of affected households, BDT 671 million for host area facilities and land development cost for group relocation, and BDT 271 million for institutional capacity building, implementation, monitoring and evaluation (Table 9.1). All funds for land acquisition and resettlement will be entirely provided by the Government of Bangladesh from the revenue budget. Funds for SDF is presently a GoB fund, however, the co-financiers, particulary the WB and ADB, have expressed their interest to fund the income and livelihood restoration program.Detailed RAP-II budget is at Annex V.

Table 9.1: Summary Land Acquisition and Resettlement Budget

Expenditure Item Total (BDT) Total (US$)

A. Replacement Cost 1 Land 4,550,484,896 62,335,410 2 Stamp duty 682,572,734 9,350,311 3 Standing crops 49,264,500 674,856 4 Structure 1,057,532,097 14,486,741 5 Trees 624,335,652 8,552,543 Sub Total 6,964,189,879 95,399,861

B. Relocation Cost 0 1 Dislocation allowance for land 8,790,397 120,416 2 Transfer Grant 11,391,487 156,048 3 Reconstruction Grant for structure 19,098,144 261,618 Sub Total 39,280,028 538,083

C. Rehabilitation assistance 0 1 Specialist assistance for vulnerable

households 10,635,000 145,685

2 Assistance for loss of income by owner operated commercial premises

115,699,970 1,584,931

3 Assistance for affected wage earners 30,290,400 414,937 4 Dislocation allowance for loss of income 3,435,100 47,056 Sub Total 160,060,470 2,192,609

D. Social development fund (SDF) 0 1 Social development fund for income restoration 46,000,000 630,137 2 Host Area incentives/facilities 370,000,000 5,068,493

92

Expenditure Item Total (BDT) Total (US$)

3 Land Development Cost for self relocated affectees

180,000,000 2,465,753

4 Specialist assistance to CRPs 25,000,000 342,466 5 Mawa fish Market and cobbler community 50,000,000 684,932

Sub Total 671,000,000 9,191,781 E. Administration and management cost 0

1 Administrative overhead for Land Acquisition for DCs

91,009,698 1,246,708

2 Implementation of RAP 90,000,000 1,232,877 3 Implementation of SDF/PHAP 5,000,000 68,493 4 Capacity building of RU Staff 17,000,000 232,877 5 External Monitoring 34,000,000 465,753 6 STI management Programme 34,100,000 467,123

Sub Total 271,109,698 3,713,831 F. Sub-Total (A+B+C+D+E) 8,105,640,075 111,036,165 G. Contingency (10%) 810,564,008 11,103,617

TOTAL 8,916,204,083 122,139,782 Detail item-wise budget by district has been shown in Annex-V.

9.3 Replacement/Market Value Land and Assets

9.3.1 Replacement Value of Land

Price of land in Bangladesh varies substantially depending on productivity, commercial utility, and proximity to urban centers and access to roads. Land price, therefore, varies also within a given geographical boundary like the smallest land administrative unit called “Mouza”. The Deputy Commissioners, therefore, determine the compensation for land for each mouza or location of the land to be acquired. BBA, to estimate the cost of land, also carried out land market survey at the end of 2005 to collect market price of land for each Mouza. ADB PPTA in 2006 also conducted land market survey covering government price, and identifying local level existing prices from knowledgeable persons, actual sell prices from sellers and expected prices of land from potential sellers. BBA has recently conducted land market survey in the affected areas of the five resettlement sites in the three districts59. The replacement price of land was determined for each mouza by category of land by its uses like (i) residential land, (ii) commercial land, (iii) agricultural land, (iv) water body, (v) fallow land, and (vi) sandy land. The owners of acquired land purchasing replacement land will be waived from all taxes and charges for land titling through appropriate reimbursements.

Table 9.2 indicates the estimated current market price (CMP) of land based on the recommendations of BIDS on current market price of land (for the year 2010). Replacement Value of land is defined as the combined CMP and the cost of land transfer for replacement land purchase with the equivalent amount of CMP. Based on approved replacement value of land (Table 9.3), the total cost of land for the RTW in the three districs comes to BDT 4550 million.

59 BIDS, 2009. Replacement Value of Land Acquired for Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project and Entitlements to Compensation: An Assessment, Draft Final Report, November 2009

93

Table 9.2: Replacement Value (BDT) of Acquired Land for RTW

Land type Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Nal 868,219,122 383,187,921 896,962,347 2,148,369,390 Chala 253,344,699 - - 253,344,699 Vita/bari 1,099,847,505 28,201,800 556,440,888 1,684,490,193 Ditch/doba 160,066,623 - 108,459 160,175,082 Pond 2,781,000 77,860 4,473,000 7,331,860 Orchard - 3,522,803 14,892,276 18,415,079 River 1,254,148 - 5,123,328 6,377,476 Khal/road 122,992,460 28,696,125 120,292,532 271,981,117 Total 2,508,505,557 443,686,509 1,598,292,830 4,550,484,896

Table 9.3 has been furnished with approved replacement value of land by type by mouza representing the year 2010.

Table 9.3 Replacement Value of land (BDT/Acre) by Type Mouza by

District Nal Chala Vita /bari

Ditch/ doba Pond

Or-chard

Khal/ road River

Madaripur Matborerchar - - -

- - 717,800

Bakhhorer kandi 4,820,800 - 7,231,100 1,205,100 4,820,800 2,799,300 2,668,400 -

D_charJanajat 2,871,100 - 5,975,300

2,799,300 2,668,400 717,800

baghia 3,465,400 - 4,784,200

866,300

Kathalbari 2,043,700 - 3,065,600

-

510,900

Bkeshab 2,100,000 - 3,150,100

2,100,000 -

525,000

Charchandra 1,428,500 - 2,142,700

2,100,000 - 2,668,400 357,100

Total

Shariatpur

DeNao 1,557,200 - 2,335,500

1,557,200 1,946,300

389,100

Nao 2,239,300 - 3,708,500

2,239,300 2,799,300

-

Total

Munshiganj

Ukbhog 14,263,000 17,828,80

0 20,551,00

0 3,565,900 - - 2,668,400 3,565,900

DMM 15,449,400 19,311,90

0 17,348,70

0 3,862,500 3,862,500 - 2,668,400 3,862,500

Mawa - - 0.39 - - -

2,486,900

Anatasar - - - - - -

2,295,900

9.3.2 Replacement Value of Structures

Loss of building structures, either commercial or residential have been assessed through BIDS census survey in February 2011 based on the current land acquisition plan for the RTW areas. For replacement market value of structures, the Make Value Report by DDC in August 2010 has been used. The replacement value of structure will be finalized for 2011 for payment by market evaluation through PVAC for each district. The owners of structures will be compensated at replacement cost irrespective of their title to land.

94

The Deputy Commissioners will determine the market price of structures involving the Public Works Department (PWD) at district level. However, BBA will determine the replacement value of physical structures for housing, commercial structure and community buildings (including primary, secondary and associated structures) based on cost of materials, type of construction, labor, transport and other construction costs. Rates obtained from the carpenters and construction contractors will also be compared with such prices. No deductions will be applied for depreciation and transaction costs.

Table 9.4 indicates the compensation rates for acquisition of residential/commercial/religious structures excluding the cost of the land. The land cost has been given in Table 9.1 does not include land of squatter and vulnerable encroacher. It includes the structures of the squatters and the vulnerable encroachers also. The total cost of affected structures is estimated to be BDT 1057 million.

Table 9.4 Replacement Value of Affected Structures Structure type Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Kutcha 37,455,435 15,864,678 71,014,998 124,335,111 Semi Pucca 50,260,249 - 24,432,836 74,693,085 Pucca 25,059,780 - 32,228,685 57,288,465 Tine 281,923,200 76,067,200 434,230,400 792,220,800 Thatched 2,610,720 1,575,000 4,808,916 8,994,636 Total 397,309,384 93,506,878 566,715,835 1,057,532,097

9.3.3 Market Value of Trees

Number of trees of different sizes and species including Bamboo and Banana plants has been assessed through BIDS census survey in September 2009 based on the original land acquisition plan in the main bridge facilities and the approach roads. Market value of these trees, bamboo and banana groves has been taken from the ADB PPTA rates (determined through independent property valuation survey in 2006) enhancing by 50% to match with 2009 prices. The market value of trees will be finalized at the time of dispossession for payment by market evaluation through PVAC for each district. The owners of trees will be compensated at current market cost irrespective of their title to land.

The Deputy Commissioners will determine the market price of trees involving the Department of Forest (DOF) at district level. However, BBA will determine the current market value of trees at the time of dispossession through an independent market evaluation under the supervision of PVAC for each district obtaining data from the timber traders, sellers and buyers.

Table 9.5 shows the number of affected trees and their estimated current market price excluding the cost of the land. It includes the trees of the squatters and the vulnerable encroachers also or partners of social forestry program. Total cost of affected trees is estimated at BDT 624 million.

95

Table 9.5 Market Value of Trees on Acquired Land (in BDT) Type of trees Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Timber trees 80,812,047 24,945,437 190,719,126 296,476,610 Fruit trees 39,198,713 23,487,999 142,399,376 205,086,088 Medicinal trees 940,587 2,125,033 4,579,752 7,645,372 Fuel wood trees 5,779,035 1,792,200 14,343,178 21,914,413 Banana trees 3,899,077 14,384,115 40,641,512 58,924,704 Papaya trees 456,169 1,425,375 3,317,336 5,198,880 Bamboo 1,521,585 1,657,025 24,300,005 27,478,615 Others 90,184 1,040,039 480,747 1,610,970 Total 132,697,397 70,857,223 420,781,032 624,335,652

9.3.4 Market Value of Crops

Standing crops on acquired land will be identified through joint verification by DCs at the time of dispossession. The amount of yield will be taken from the district agriculture extension offices and the market rates of crops at the time of dispossession will be taken from the district agricultural marketing office. Table 9.6 indicates the quantum of agricultural land and the rates for compensation of crops for each unit of land (acre). Totaal market price of crops is estimated at the rate of BDT 75,000 per acre that came to BDT 49 million.

Table 9.6 Compensation for Standing Crops60

Crop land

Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur Total Land (acre)

Price (BDT)

Land (acre)

Price (BDT)

Land (acre)

Price (BDT)

Land (acre)

Price (BDT)

Agri- land 59.31 4448250 362.29

27171750

235.26 1764450

0 656.86

49264500

9.4 Provisions of Resettlement and Rehabilitation Assistance

9.4.1 Additional Assistance

Provision for additional assistance (difference between Replacement Costs and Compensation under Law) will be assessed on the actual compensation paid by the Deputy Commissioners. The amount obtained from DC offices will be deducted from the Replacement Value of land, structure and trees to obtain any balance for ensuring replacement value of land and property. The balance will be paid to the owners of land and property directly by BBA with assistance from the INGO.

9.4.2 Dislocation Allowance A dislocation allowance for loss of land will be provided to all affected persons losing land. The allowance will be BDT 100 for one decimal of acquired agricultural land, water body and fallow land, and it will be BDT 200 in case of homestead and commercial land. The maximum amount of dislocation allowance will be BDT 20,000/- for any types of land. Lessees of land

60 ADB PPTA Rates (2006) enhanced by 50% for 2009

96

will be provided a dislocation allowance of BDT 100 for one decimal of land which will be up to BDT 5,000/-.

9.4.3 Allowance for Loss of Access to Eroded Land An allowance for loss of access to eroded land if reappears in natural process within 30 years after erosion of any land. The allowance will be BDT 200 for one decimal of acquired eroded land. The maximum amount of dislocation allowance will be BDT 20,000/- for any types of land. Any lessees of eroded land will be entitled for this seizure allowance if there is sufficient proof and the owner certifies. This allowance is well accumulated in the land replacement cost and does not appear as a cost in the budget.

9.4.4 Transfer Grant

All the displaced households, businesses and physical cultural resources will require shifting their belongings and salvaged materials for which a Transfer Grant will be provided at the rate of BDT 07 per sqft for residential structure, and BDT 10 per sqft for commercial and physical cultural resource structures.

9.4.5 Reconstruction Grant

All the displaced households, businesses and physical cultural resources (community premises) will require reconstructing their housing, business and community premises at permanent alternative sites. A Reconstruction Grant will be provided to the affected persons at the rate of BDT 10 per sqft for residential structure, and BDT 15 per sgft for commercial and physical cultural resource structures.

9.4.6 One Time Special Assistance

Affected female-headed households, disabled-headed households and owners of self-operated commercial premises will be provided with One Time Special Assistance at the rate of BDT 5000 each. The entitlement will be paid directly to the head of households and actual owners of the commercial premises.

9.4.7 Income and Livelihood Restoration Grant

Owners of affected self-operated commercial premises, affected agricultural and commercial/ industrial wage labourers, renters and rentees of residential and commercial premises and affected households losing more than 10% of their income due to acquisition of land will be provided with income and livelihood restoration grants (IRGs). The rates of the IRGs as per type so affected persons will be as follows:

Owners of affected self-operated commercial premises will get a sum of BDT equivalent to 5% of the cash compensation under law received from DC offices for the affected commercial structure.

Affected unskilled farm labourer will get a sum of BDT 19800 calculated based on 90 days wage at the rate of BDT 220.

Affected unskilled non-farm labourer will get a sum of BDT 13200 calculated based on 60 days wage at the rate of BDT 220.

97

Affected skilled non-farm labourer will get a sum of BDT 18000 calculated based on 60 days wage at the rate of BDT 300.

Affected renters and rentees of residential and commercial premises and persons losing more than 10% of his/her income due to acquisition of agricultural land will be entitled for a one time lump sum of BDT 4000.

9.4.8 Livelihood Regeneration and Social Risks Management

The project will develop 4 resettlement sites for permanent relocation of willing households and businesses covered in the RAP- II61. It is expected that the self-relocated households will be absorbed in groups in the neighboring villages to share existing civic facilities. To accommodate them socially, improvement and extension of existing civic facilities like religious and educational institutions, access roads, water supply and drainage systems, and power transmission lines will be supported from the project. The host villages absorbing the displaced families in their vicinity will be provided with additional facilities or support for improvement of existing facilities.

Affected physical cultural resources will be supported for reconstruction and operation as well. A social development fund (SDF) will be in place to provide long-term livelihood restoration support to the affected wage earners and peasant families losing more than 10% of their productive land to the project. An STI management program (under the public health action plan) will be implemented during construction period to safeguard public health in the project-affected areas. The RAP- III has budgetary provisions as follows:

Land development cost for group relocation BDT 180,000,000/-

Budget for re-establishment of CRPs BDT 25,000,000/-

Social Development Fund BDT 46,298,829/-

Budget for Host Area Facilities BDT 370,000,000/-

9.5 Approval of the Resettlement Budget

Resettlement and rehabilitation budget included in RAP-III has been revised as per findings in the detail engineering design of RTW through census for inventory of losses and determining replacement value of property approved by the GOB for 2010. The Ministry of Communications will approve the revised budget along with this updated RAP-III.

The rates for cash entitlements for rehabilitation as well as allowances payable to PAHs will be adjusted annually, based on the actual annual inflation rate. BBA will determine the annual inflation rates to be applied to all cash entitlements during the updating of the RAP based on final inventory verification upon detailed engineering design and confirmation of the acquisition boundary of the bridge end facilities and the approach roads.

The Implementing NGO will assist BBA preparing resettlement budgets for RAP-III covering all eligible loss and entitlements confirmed through joint verification and determination of replacement market price of land and property by PVAC. This budget will be approved by BBA through appropriate authorities and make available for placement with the RU account of the BBA as per requisition from the Superintending Engineer heading the RU.

61 The length of RTW in Mawa side has been reduced from 6 km to 2 km. As a result, Resettlement Site 1 (Kobutorkhola Market) has been dropped from the list of RS as it is outside the new RTW project boundary.

98

9.6 Management of Resettlement Fund

BBA does not have any set codified rules for payment of cash to PAPs eligible for resettlement assistance from the project. In JMBP, BBA (former JMBA) adopted an Administrative Manual/ Payment Modality for identification of entitled persons, determination of their losses and entitlements and payment of entitlements to the right person. A detail implementation procedural guideline will be required to implement the RAP at the field level. Both the BBA-RU and the RAP implementing NGO will follow the implementation procedure after its approval from the Executive Director (ED), BBA. The detail design consultant (resettlement specialists) will prepare the guideline following the Payment Modality adopted for JMBP and in consultation with the Head-RU and the RAP implementing NGO. The implementation procedure will include definition of various resettlement terms, the entitlements, detail procedure for identification of eligible persons for resettlement entitlements of the RAP, and prepare loss and entitlement files of individual PAPs, process payments, effecting their disbursement and documentation.

The ED with requisition of payments under bi-annual assessment from the Superintending Engineer (Resettlement) will place fund with the RU resettlement account in the field. The implementation guideline will contain details of the management aspects and monitoring mechanism. All payment to the affected persons will be paid in crossed bank cheques. Vouchers on payment will be prepared in quadruplicates: one for RU-Field, one for RU HQ, one for INGO, and one for Bank (with the resettlement account of BBA-RU). The Executive Engineer (Resettlement), field Accountant, and authorized representative from INGO will sign the vouchers. Payment will be made and records maintained as per approved RAP implementation guideline.

9.7 RU Capacity Building BBA has the experience of handling the largest ever implemented and the first resettlement program in Bangladesh for implementation of the Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project. The Resettlement Unit (RU) of the BBA for the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project has been manned with personnel having that vast experience as the head of RU. The RU contingent will undergo extensive training and orientation through interaction with the DCs, the DD Safeguard Team, the Implementing NGO and the co-financiers safeguard officers. An overseas tour has been provisioned for the BBA-RU staff in the second year of implementation. However, the complex project context and the multi-source data management under a harmonized safeguard policy requires continued refreshing of the process and strategies for the RU staff. The Project to this end will design and organize refreshers both for the RU staff and the implementing NGO once every year. Cost for overseas training has already been included in the budget for capacity building.

99

CHAPTER 10 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

10.1 Introduction Resettlement of affected persons of the Project aims for improving on or at least restituting their social and livelihood resources at the pre-project level. The process of implementation must ensure that the affected persons are able to regain their pre-project socioeconomic status. Therefore, monitoring of the process of planning, implementation and delivery of institutional and financial assistance to the project affected persons has been designed as an integral part of the overall functioning and management of the Project. BBA will establish a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system as a systematic and continuous process of collecting, collating and analyzing information about the progress and a tool for identifying strengths and weaknesses of the process. Also a periodic evaluation of the process and the outcomes will enable BBA to identify lapses, procedural weaknesses, policy inadequacies and institutional drawbacks to devise and implement corrective measures to achieve the desired goals and objectives of RAP-III. A comprehensive and relevant database and management information system (MIS) will be established and updated periodically for monitoring various activities of RAP implementation. The RAP database generated through land acquisition plan, census, baseline socio-economic survey, land market survey and consultation, CCL payment and resettlement benefit payment database will become essential input of the MIS. BBA will develop a monitoring program that covers all essential stages of resettlement including apprehension of RAP and planning, relocation and rehabilitation through progress monitoring and evaluation of intended outcomes of RAP implementation. The monitoring should also cover performance of the individual staff in resettlement operation. Data generated through Focus Group discussion will be an integral part of the monitoring process.

10.2 Objectives of M&E

The M&E system will serve as a tool for monitoring and evaluation of resettlement program ensuring timely and fair delivery of entitlements. The M&E will enable BBA to get feedback from target population and the field operatives to devise corrective measures to ensure achievement of targets within schedule. The objectives of M&E will enhance the delivery capacity of the BBA and maximize benefits of RAP packages to the affected persons and the host communities.

The M&E will be carried out through collecting, analyzing, reporting and using information about resettlement progress as per scope of the RAP and the process adopted for achieving the progress. It will ensure that inputs are provided, procedures are followed, and outputs are monitored and verified as per approved plan and schedule of actions. Identifying lapses and failures at implementation process, BBA will undertake timely management actions. A benchmark database will be developed for the purpose of ongoing monitoring and periodic and ex-post evaluations of the RAP targets.

BBA field offices will conduct field level monitoring and assess the daily operation of land acquisition, payment of compensation, identification of entitled persons physically, and processing their entitlements, relocation and resettlement.

100

10.3 Stages of M&E

Monitoring will be done both internally and externally to provide feedback to BBA and to assess the effectiveness of the RAP policy and implementation. Internal monitoring will be carried out by BBA at three consecutive stages of the process of RAP implementation: RAP apprehension or preparatory stage, relocation stage and rehabilitation stage. Scope of M&E at these stages will be as follows:

10.3.1 Preparatory Stage

During the pre-relocation phase of resettlement operation, monitoring is concerned with administrative issues such as, establishment of resettlement unit, budget management, requirement for further land acquisition, consultation with PAPs in the preparation of resettlement plan and their participation in the implementation process, information dissemination on payments of entitlement due, grievance redress, and so on. The key issue for monitoring will be to:-

Conduct baseline survey; Consultations; Identify PAPs and their numbers; Identification of different categories of PAPs and entitlements of individuals; Collection of gender disaggregated data and preferences of women; Establish Inventory of losses; Ascertain Entitlements; Valuation of different assets not covered by PVAC; Budget delivery; Information dissemination; Institutional capacity assessment; Implementation schedule and items of expenditure.

10.3.2 Relocation Stage

Monitoring during the relocation phase covers such issues as site selection in consultation with PAPs, development of relocation sites, assistance to PAPs (especially to vulnerable groups) in physically moving to the new site. Likewise aspects such as adjustment of PAPs in the new surroundings, attitude of the host population towards the new comers and development of community life are the issues considered at this stage. The key issue for monitoring will be:-

Payment of compensation; Delivery of entitlement; Grievance redressing; Support in CCL collection process ; Preparation of resettlement site, including civic amenities (water, sanitation, drainage,

paved streets, electricity supply); Consultations; Relocation; PAPs who do not relocate; Payment of resettlement benefit; Income and livelihood restoration assistance.

10.3.3 Rehabilitation Stage

Once PAPs have settled down at the new sites, the focus of monitoring shifts to issues of economic recovery programmes including income generating schemes (IGSs), acceptance of

101

these schemes by PAPs, impact of IGSs on living standards, and the sustainability of the new livelihood patterns. The key issue for monitoring will be:

Initiation of income generation activities; Provision of basic civic amenities and essential facilities in the relocated area; Consultations; Assistance to enhance livelihood and quality of life.

10.4 M&E Indicators

Compliance of the RAP policy and targets in the implementation process will be monitored through setting up indicators. The most crucial components/indicators to be monitored are specific contents of the activities and entitlement matrix. The RAP contains indicators and benchmarks for achievement of the objectives under the resettlement program. These indicators and benchmarks are judged for implementation process, outcomes and impacts (see boxes 1, 2 and 3).

Box 1: Process Indicators Project input, public participation and monitoring

Setting up RU and placement of staff Deployment of implementing agencies Training of RU staff Census, IOL, baseline socioeconomic survey Placement of funds for land acquisition and resettlement Expenditure of implementing agencies Deployment of independent monitoring agency Procedure of identification of eligible affected persons Procedure of determining loss and entitlements Procedure of allocation of RS plots Development of livelihood and income restoration program Preparation of disclosure instruments Disclosure and consultation events Formation of GRC, RAC, PVACT, and IVC Grievance redress procedures in-place and functioning Level of public awareness on RAP policy and provisions Cost of compensation collection by PAPs Monitoring reports submitted

Box 2: Output Indicators

Delivery of entitlements, relocation and rehabilitation

Number of households relocated (by RS and host areas) Number of households compensated and assisted Number of businesses relocated (by RS and host areas) Number of affected persons purchased replacement agricultural land Amount of compensation disbursed Amount of resettlement benefits disbursed Number of eligible persons identified for training Number of vulnerable households resettled Number of vulnerable households brought under ILRP

102

Box 3: Impact Indicators Longer term impacts Changes in housing

Changes in water and sanitation Changes in land holding Changes in occupation Changes in income and expenditure Pace of income against change in expenditure Changes in attending health problems Nutrition of women and children Gender balance and women empowerment Changes in vulnerable households and women headed households Results of community severance mitigation measures

10.5 Monitoring Levels and Hierarchy

Monitoring will be carried out at three levels. The Project Director (PD) will carry out regular internal monitoring with input from the field operation. An external monitoring will be commissioned by BBA employing independent external agency. The Construction Supervision Consultants will also carry out supervision and monitoring to assist BBA and the co-financiers. The Panel of Experts (POE) of the co-financiers will monitor the overall performance of project including the RAP and ILRP implementation. The co-financiers themselves will also commission supervision missions time to time. The institutional hierarchy is understood at Figure 10.1.

10.5.1 Internal Monitoring

The Project Director (PD) will carry out internal monitoring through the Deputy Director, M&E with the help of the implementing NGO and the construction supervision consultant (CSC). Internal monitoring will comprise of monitoring the process indicators and the output indicators (section 8.3). The INGO will gather information on RAP implementation covering relevant activities as per schedule. CSC resettlement specialists (one international and two national) will assist the PD in monitoring the activities of the INGO and review field progress reports regularly. INGO will prepare monthly progress reports (MPRs) that will include the monitoring issues. PD will develop progress and performance monitoring software to get monitoring output on a regular basis. Internal monitoring reports on RAP implementation will be included in the quarterly Project Progress Report (PPR) of the BBA.

The report of internal monitoring will contain: (i) accomplishment to-date, (ii) objectives attained and not attained during the period, (iii) problems encountered, and (iv) suggested options for corrective measures. The internal monitoring reports submitted by the INGO will be synthesized by the CSC resettlement specialists. The international resettlement specialist (IRS) with the CSC will assist PD in preparing the overall resettlement status in the PPR in consultation with the national resettlement specialists (NRSs). However, the NRSs will particularly monitor the activities of INGO and report to PD, PMBP on a monthly basis under the guidance of the IRS.

10.5.2 External Monitoring

External monitoring will be carried out periodically for review and assessment of resettlement implementation, verification of the results of internal monitoring in the field, and suggesting adjustment of delivery mechanisms and procedures as required. The main objectives of external monitoring will be to review the RAP implementation and assess the achievements vis-à-vis resettlement objectives; changes in living standards and livelihoods of those affected; restoration of the economic and social base of the affected people; the effectiveness, impact and sustainability of entitlements, and the need for further mitigation measures. The overall aim of external monitoring will be to learn strategic lessons for future

103

policy formulation and planning. External monitoring will be independent of BBA RU involved in implementation of the RAP.

External monitoring will be carried out on a quarterly basis. Mid-term and final evaluations will be done to assess the achievement of objectives of RAP against the performance impact indictors. A database for monitoring and evaluation, building upon the project's own M&E system will be developed for external monitoring. It will optionally include maps, charts, photographs of affected property, copies of contracts and land titles, payments, and valuation documents relating to resettlement.

10.5.3 M&E by Panel of Expert (PoE)

Panel of Experts (POE) with nominated members from co-financiers comprising of international and national technical experts will commission periodic monitoring and evaluation of RAP implementation. The objectives of POE supervision and monitoring will be to ensure safeguard compliance from respective safeguard policies of the co-financiers. POE monitoring focuses on achievement of targets of process indicators within agreed timeframe.

10.5.4 M&E by Co-financiers

In addition to POE missions, the co-financiers will also commission monitoring of progress in RAP implementation with respective safeguard specialists. The GOB has also commissioned a special committee for monitoring timeliness of the execution of the project activities.

10.6 Methodology and Approach

The M&E approach will be to identify and select a set of appropriate indicators and gathering information on them to assess the changes and variations. Participation of stakeholders especially the affected persons, women and vulnerable groups will be ensured in the M&E process. The process will also undertake various formal and informal surveys for impact analysis. Assessment of resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability will be carried through the M&E process for identification of lessons from the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project for building upon future policies on involuntary resettlement in the country.

Monitoring tools would include both quantitative and qualitative methods as follows: Sample household survey: a baseline household survey of representative sample

(20% of affected households), disaggregated by gender and vulnerability to obtain information on the key indicators of entitlement delivery, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability.

Focused Group Discussions (FGD): Consult with a range of stakeholder groups (local government, resettlement field staff, NGOs, community leaders and PAPs including women and vulnerable groups).

Key informant interviews: Consult individuals like local leaders, village workers or persons with special knowledge or experience about resettlement activities and implementation.

Community public meetings: Open public meetings at resettlement sites to elicit information about performance of various resettlement activities.

Structured direct observations: Field observations on status of resettlement implementation, plus individual or group interviews for crosschecking purposes.

Informal surveys/interviews: Informal surveys of PAPs, host village, workers, resettlement staff, and implementing agency personnel using non-sampled methods.

In the case of special issues, in-depth case studies of PAPs and host populations from various social classes will be undertaken to assess impact of resettlement.

104

10.7 Institutional Arrangements for M&E BBA will carry out internal M&E of the RAP implementation involving the RU field offices, implementing NGO and the construction supervision consultant (CSC). An independent external monitoring agency (EMA) will carry out M&E independent of the BBA. Project supervision consultant will oversee and monitor safeguard compliance of the project while the Panel of Experts (POE) will conduct periodic missions for the compliance monitoring. In addition, the co-financiers will conduct their own mission within their own framework of social and environmental compliance monitoring. The project affected persons, their community and local level NGOs will also participate in the M&E process (Figure 10.1).

10.7.1 Office of the Project Director The Project Director (PD) will be responsible to oversee proper and timely implementation of all activities in RAP. The RU within the Office of the PD will operate and manage implementation of RAP with the assistance from an appointed implementing NGO. The monitoring will be carried out by Head of RU with support from the Field Offices and the resettlement implementation NGO. The RU will establish an M&E Section at the head office headed by a Deputy Director in charge of M&E (DD-M&E). The M&E Section will have sufficient staff having appropriate skills and capacity, and necessary resources. The Implementing NGO will collect appropriate data from the field and provide feedback to BBA on progress of RAP implementation and the day to day problems arising out of the process. The implementing NGO will prepare monthly/quarterly reports on the progress of RAP Implementation. RU M&E Section will collect information from the project site and assimilate in the form of monthly progress of RAP implementation and adjust work program where necessary, in case of delays or problems. An automated MIS will be designed and developed by INGO to monitor the output indicators at the BBA field and headquarters level.

10.7.2 Independent External Monitoring Agency An External Monitoring Agency (EMA), independent of the project, with prior experience in resettlement and rehabilitation of developed induced displacements will be engaged to carry out the external M&E and reporting of the implementation of the RAP. The EMA will carry out quarterly, annual, mid-term and final evaluation and recommend necessary changes to the Head of RU and the PD, PMBP for consideration. The scope of external monitoring will cover compliance monitoring and social impact evaluation of RAP implementation. A sample TOR for hiring an Independent External Monitoring Agency (EMA) is attached as Annex IV. The EMA will cover the compliance issues such as (i) compensation and entitlement policies, (ii) adequacy of organizational mechanism for implementing the RAP, (iii) restoration of PAPs incomes, (iv) settling complaints and grievances, and (v) provisions for adequate budgetary support by BBA for implementing the RAP. The EMA will assess if the PAPs: (i) have been provided with alternative sites for relocation; (ii) have reestablished their structures; (iii) have reestablished their business; and (iii) were extended assistance to restore their incomes from pre-project levels. It will also appraise the accounting documents used in recording the payments of compensation to PAPs by BBA. In addition to this at least once a year an annual impact evaluation to assess the effectiveness of the work being undertaken and level of results achieved.

105

Figure 10.1 Monitoring and Evaluation

10.8 Reporting Requirements The Head of RU responsible for supervision and implementation of each RAP will prepare monthly progress reports on resettlement activities under RAP-III to PD, PMBP. PD will submit quarterly reports to the co-financiers. The EMA will submit bi-annual review directly to co-financiers and determine whether resettlement goals have been achieved, more importantly whether livelihoods and living standards have been restored/enhanced and suggest suitable recommendations for improvement. Monitoring reports will be submitted at regular intervals as specified. Both monitoring and evaluation will form parts of regular activities and reporting on this will be extremely important in order to undertake mid-way corrective steps. Table 10.1 provides details on the content and timing for various report associated with M&E.

Executive Director BBA

Project Director

PMO, PMBP

Co-financiers

ADB, IDB, JICA, WB

Superintending Engineer

RU, PMBP CSC

Team Leader Implementing NGO

RU, Field (BBA)

INGO, Field PAPs

Local Communities,

NGOs

External Monitoring Agency

(EMA)

POE

Co-financiers

106

Table 10.1 Reporting Cycle/Frequency

Activity Content Timeline Responsibility Monthly Progress Report

Narrative as per Monitoring Plan format giving details on activity, results, issues affecting performance and variance if any and reason for same and corrections recommended

Submitted within 10 days of the next month

INGO

Quarterly Financial Reports

Expenditure vs. budgeted amount by budget heads and sub heads

Submitted within 30 days of end of financial quarter

BBA

Quarterly Project Progress Report (R&R)

Narrative as per monitoring program on R&R issues in the PPR

Submitted within 20 days of the end of quarter

BBA/CSC

Quarterly, Mid-term (half yearly) and Annual Reports

Narrative as per reporting format giving details on activity, results, issues affecting performance and variance if any and reason for same and corrections recommended

Submitted within 30 days after the mid and year end

EMA

Annual Financial Audit

Professional audit of accounts prepared by a qualified Chartered Accountant

Within 90 days of the end of fiscal year

BBA

Final Report Project achievements, failures and impacts

Submitted within 90 days of end of the project

EMA

107

ANNEX I: HARMONIZATION OF CO-FINANCIERS’ SAFEGUARD POLICIES

Aspect

ADB SPS 2009 World Bank 2003

JICA (formerly JBIC) Guidelines for Confirmation of

Environmental and Social Considerations (April 2002)

Harmonized Policy

Objectives 1. Avoid involuntary resettlement

Avoid involuntary resettlement wherever possible

Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible

Involuntary Resettlement and loss of means of livelihood are to be avoided where feasible, exploring all viable alternatives.

Avoid involuntary resettlement and adverse impacts on people and communities, wherever feasible.

2. Minimize involuntary resettlement

Minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring project and design alternatives

Minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring all viable alternative project designs

If it is unfeasible to avoid impacts, effective measures to minimize impact must be agreed upon with the people who are affected.

If displacement is unavoidable, minimize involuntary resettlement by: (i) exploring alternative project designs; (ii) Effective measures to minimize impact in consultation with the people who are affected.

108

Aspect




Harmonized Policy

3. Mitigate adverse social impacts

To enhance, or at least restore, the livelihoods of all affected persons in real terms relative to pre-project levels; and to improve the standards of living of the displaced poor and other vulnerable groups.

Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits.

In cases where, it is unfeasible to avoid impacts; effective measures to compensate for losses must be agreed upon with the people who are affected. People to be resettled involuntarily and people whose means of livelihood will be hindered or lost must be sufficiently compensated and supported by the Project proponents, etc, in a timely manner. The project proponents must make efforts to enable the people affected by the Project, to improve their standard of living, income opportunities and production levels, or at least to restore them to pre-project levels.

Where IR is unavoidable, effective measures to mitigate adverse social and economic impacts on affected persons by: (a) providing compensation for loss of assets at replacement cost; (b) ensuring that resettlement activities are implemented with appropriate disclosure of information, consultation, and the informed participation of those affected (c) improve or at least restore the livelihoods and standards of living of displaced persons, and (d) improve living conditions among displaced persons through provision of adequate housing with security of tenure at resettlement sites.

Core Principles

1. Identify, assess and address the potential social and economic impacts

Screen the project early on to identify past, present and future involuntary resettlement impacts and risks. Determine the scope of resettlement planning through a survey and/or census of displaced persons, including gender analysis, specifically related to resettlement

Through census and socio-economic surveys of the affected population, identify, assess, and address the potential economic and social impacts of the project that are caused by involuntary taking of land (e.g. relocation or loss

In addition to the direct and immediate impact of projects, derivative, secondary and cumulative impacts are also to be examined and investigated to a reasonable extent. It is also desirable that the impact which can occur at any time during the

Assess at an early stage of the project cycle the potential social and economic impacts caused by involuntary taking of land (e.g. relocation or loss of shelter, loss of assets or access to assets, loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected person must move to another location) or involuntary

109

Aspect




Harmonized Policy

impacts and risks of shelter, loss of assets or access to assets, loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected person must move to another location) or involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas.

duration of the project be continuously considered throughout the life cycle of the project.

restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas and to determine who will be eligible for compensation and assistance.

2. Prepare mitigation plans for affected persons

Develop resettlement plan on the basis of assessment during project processing, with the intent that plan will guide refinements of impact estimates and mitigating measures as project parameters are finalized.

To address the Project impacts, prepare resettlement plan or a resettlement policy framework prior to Project appraisal, estimating to the extent possible the total population to be affected and the overall resettlement costs.

Environmental impact which may be caused by a project must be assessed and examined from the earliest planning stage possible. Alternative proposals or minimization measures to prevent or reduce adverse impact must be examined and incorporated into the project plan:

Preparation of Resettlement Plan or Resettlement Framework (RF) during Project processing to mitigate the negative impacts of displacement. The plan will provide estimate of the extent of total population affected and establish entitlements of all categories of affected persons (including host communities), with particular attention paid to the needs of the poor and the vulnerable.

3. Consider alternative project design

Explore viable alternative project designs to avoid and/or minimize involuntary resettlement.

Assess all viable alternative project designs to avoid, where feasible, or minimize involuntary resettlement.

Multiple alternative proposals must be examined to prevent or minimize adverse impact and to choose a better project option in terms of environmental and social considerations.

Multiple alternative proposals must be examined to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement and physical, or economic displacement and to choose a better project option while balancing environmental social and financial costs and benefits.

110

Aspect




Harmonized Policy

4. Involve and consult with stakeholders

Carry out meaningful consultations with affected persons, host communities, and concerned nongovernment organizations. Inform all displaced persons of their entitlements and resettlement options. Ensure their participation in planning, implementation and M&E of resettlement programs. Pay particular attention to the needs of the vulnerable groups, especially those below poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children and Indigenous people, and those without title to land, and ensure their participation in consultations. Establish a grievance redress mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of the PAPs concerns. Support the social and cultural institutions of displaced persons and their host population.

Consult project-affected persons, host communities and local nongovernmental organizations, as appropriate. Provide them opportunities to participate in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of the resettlement program, especially in the process of developing and implementing the procedures for determining eligibility for compensation benefits and development assistance (as documented in a resettlement plan), and for establishing appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms. Pay particular attention to the needs of vulnerable groups among those displaces, especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children, Indigenous Peoples, ethnic minorities, or other displaced persons who may not be protected through national land compensation legislation.

Appropriate participation by the people affected and their communities must be promoted in planning, implementation and monitoring of involuntary resettlement plans and measures against the loss of their means of livelihood.

Consult project-affected persons, host communities and local nongovernmental organizations, as appropriate. Provide them opportunities to participate in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of the resettlement program, especially in the process of developing and implementing the procedures for determining eligibility for compensation benefits and development assistance (as documented in a resettlement plan), and for establishing appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms. Pay particular attention to the needs of vulnerable groups among those displaces, especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children, Indigenous Peoples, ethnic minorities, or other displaced persons who may not be protected through national land compensation legislation.

111

Aspect




Harmonized Policy

5. Disclose and inform PAPs of RP and mitigation measures

Disclose the resettlement plan and other relevant information in a form and language(s) accessible to key stakeholders, civil society, particularly affected groups and the general public.

Disclose draft resettlement plans, including documentation of the consultation process, in a timely manner, before appraisal formally begin, in an accessible place and in a form and language that are understandable to key stakeholders.

Projects must be adequately coordinated so that they are accepted in a manner that is socially appropriate to the country and locality in which the project is planned. For projects with a potentially large environmental impact, sufficient consultations with stakeholders, such as local residents, must be conducted via disclosure of information from an early stage where alternative proposals for the project plans may be examined. The outcome of such consultations must be incorporated into the contents of the project plan;

Disclose the resettlement plan including documentation of the consultation process, in a form and language(s) accessible to key stakeholders, civil society, particularly affected groups and the general public in an accessible place for a reasonable minimum period.

6. Support existing social and cultural institutions of the affected persons

Ensure that the existing social and cultural institutions are supported and used to the extent possible, including legal, policy and institutional framework of the country to the extent that the intent and spirit of the IR policy is maintained.

To the extent possible, the existing social and cultural institutions of resettlers and any host communities are preserved and resettlers‟ preferences with respect to relocating in pre-existing communities and groups are honoured.

Projects must be adequately coordinated so that they are accepted in manner that is socially appropriate to the country and locality in which the Project is planned.

Ensure that the existing social and cultural institutions of the resettlers and any host communities are supported and used to the extent possible, including legal, policy and institutional framework of the country to the extent that the intent and spirit of the IR policy is maintained. Projects must be adequately coordinated so that they are accepted in manner that is socially appropriate to the country and locality in which the Project is planned.

112

Aspect




Harmonized Policy

The SEA should include an assessment of compliance with applicable host country laws, regulations, and permits, and relevant social and environmental impacts and risks of the project.

7. Build capacity of the borrower(s) in IR implementation

Assist in building capacity of DMCs on best practice on involuntary resettlement planning and implementation

Financing of technical assistance to strengthen the capacities of agencies responsible for resettlement, or of affected people to participate more effectively in resettlement operations.

Financing of technical assistance to strengthen the capacities of agencies responsible for resettlement, or of affected people to participate more effectively in resettlement operations.

Assist in building capacity of DMCs on best practice on involuntary resettlement planning and implementation Financing of technical assistance to strengthen the capacities of agencies responsible for resettlement, or of affected people to participate more effectively in resettlement operations.

Project Processing Benchmark

Screening Every development intervention will be screened, as early as possible in the project cycle, to identify the people who may be beneficially and adversely affected, and to determine the scope of a social assessment to assess those affects and impacts.

- Before starting an environmental review of a project, JBIC classifies the project into one of the following categories. The subsequent environmental review will then be conducted in accordance with the procedures for that category. JBIC requests the borrowers and related parties to submit the necessary information promptly

Every development intervention will be screened, as early as possible in the project cycle, to identify the people who may be beneficially and adversely affected, and to determine the scope of a social assessment to assess those affects and impacts.

113

Aspect




Harmonized Policy

so that it may perform the screening process at an early stage.

Categorization The ADB IR requirements apply to full or partial, permanent or temporary physical displacement (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter) and economic displacement (loss of land, assets access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) resulting from (i) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas.

Project displaces fewer than 200 people & entails Minor Resettlement impacts namely – a) all the DPs lose less than 10% of their land, regardless of the number of PAPs b) the remainder of their land is economically viable; c) they have no need for physical relocation Project that displace more than 200 people and entail major impacts

Category A: A proposed project is classified as Category A if it is likely to have significant adverse impact on the environment. A project with complicated impact or unprecedented impact which are difficult to assess is also classified as Category A. The impact of Category A projects may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical construction. Category A, in principle, includes projects in sensitive sectors (i.e., sectors that are liable to cause adverse environmental impact) or with sensitive characteristics (i.e., characteristics that are liable to cause adverse environmental impact) and projects located in or near sensitive areas. An illustrative list of sensitive sectors, characteristics and areas is given in Section 3 of Part 2.

Categorize impacts by “significance” and define the scale of impacts – both direct and indirect – with particular attention to economic and livelihood impacts Plan mitigations for all types of losses in the RP

114

Aspect




Harmonized Policy

Social Assessment

The borrower/client will conduct socioeconomic surveys and a census, with appropriate socioeconomic baseline data to identify all persons who will be displaced by the project and to assess the project‟s socioeconomic impacts on them. As part of the social impact assessment, the borrower will identify individuals and groups who may be differentially or disproportionately affected by the project because of their disadvantaged or vulnerable status.

Appropriate consideration must be given to vulnerable social groups, such as women, children, the elderly, the poor, and ethnic minorities, all of whom are susceptible to environmental and social impact and who may have little access to the decision-making process within society.

Social Assessment be conducted as early as possible, and will specifically consider any impacts upon particularly poor and vulnerable Affected Persons.

Resettlement Plan

The borrower will prepare a resettlement plan, if the proposed project, will have involuntary resettlement impacts. The objective of the Resettlement plans will elaborate ob displaced persons entitlements, the income and livelihood restoration strategy, institutional arrangements, monitoring & reporting framework, budget and a time-bound implementation schedule.

To cover the direct social and economic impacts that that are caused by the involuntary taking of land and/or the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas, the borrower will prepare a Resettlement plan or resettlement policy framework . The RP or framework will include measures to ensure that the displaced persons are provided assistance during relocation; provided with

For projects that will result in large-scale involuntary resettlement, basic resettlement plans must be submitted. People to be resettled involuntarily and people whose means of livelihood will be hindered or lost must be sufficiently compensated and supported by the project proponents, etc. in timely manner. The project proponents, etc. must make efforts to enable the people affected by the project, to improve

For all interventions that involve resettlement or physical or economic displacement, a resettlement plan will be prepared which will establish the entitlements of all categories of affected persons (including host communities), with particular attention paid to the needs of the poor and the vulnerable. The RP will lay down appropriate time-bound actions and budgets, and the full costs of resettlement, compensation, and rehabilitation will be included in the presentation of the costs and benefits of the development intervention.

115

Aspect




Harmonized Policy

residential housing, or housing sites, or as required agricultural sites; offered transitional support; provided with development assistance in addition to compensation.

their standard of living, income opportunities and production levels, or at least to restore them to pre-project levels. Measures to achieve this may include: providing land and monetary compensation for losses (to cover land and property losses), supporting the means for an alternative sustainable livelihood, and providing the expenses necessary for relocation and the re-establishment of a community at relocation sites;

Supervision -

The Bank regularly supervises resettlement implementation to determine compliance with the resettlement instrument.

The Bank regularly supervises resettlement implementation to determine compliance with the resettlement instrument. -

Regular supervision on resettlement implementation to determine compliance with the resettlement instrument.

Monitoring The borrower will monitor and measure the progress of implementation of the resettlement plan. For projects with significant involuntary resettlement impacts, the borrower will retain qualified and experienced external experts or qualified NGOs to verify the borrowers monitoring information.

The borrower is responsible for adequate monitoring & evaluation of the activities set forth in the resettlement instrument.

It is desirable that, after a project begins, the project proponents monitor: (i) whether any situations that were unforeseeable before the project began have arisen; (ii) the implementation situation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures prepared in

The borrower is responsible for adequate monitoring & evaluation of the activities set forth in the resettlement instrument. It is desirable that the project proponents monitor: (i) whether any situations that were unforeseeable before the project began have arisen; (ii) the implementation situation and the

116

Aspect




Harmonized Policy

The borrower will prepare semiannual monitoring reports that describe the progress of the implementation of the resettlement activities and any compliance issues and corrective actions.

advance, and that they then take appropriate measures based on the results of such monitoring. It is desirable that Project proponents make the results of monitoring process available to project stakeholders.

effectiveness of the mitigation measures prepared in advance, and that they then take appropriate measures based on the results of such monitoring (iii) involve independent external experts for resettlement monitoring (iv) monitoring reports must be made public and additional steps to be taken, if required.

Evaluation Assess whether the objectives of the resettlement instrument have been achieved, upon completion of the project, taking account of the baseline conditions and the results of resettlement monitoring.

The information necessary for monitoring by JBIC needs to be supplied by the borrowers and related parties by appropriate means. When necessary, JBIC may also conduct its own investigations.

Mid-term evaluation to assess performance of RP implementation Assess whether the objectives of the resettlement instrument have been achieved, upon completion of the project, taking account of the baseline conditions and the results of resettlement monitoring.

117

ANNEX II: GAPS AND GAP-FILLING MEASURES IN PADMA MULTIPURPOSE BRIDGE PROJECT (PMBP)

Aspect Harmonized Policy

GOB 1982 Ordinance II and other applicable laws/Guidelines

Gaps between Harmonized Policy

and GOB

Safeguard Measures Adopted in PMBP

Objectives 1. Avoid involuntary resettlement

Avoid involuntary resettlement and adverse impacts on people and communities, wherever feasible.

Avoidance of resettlement is not specifically mentioned in the 1982 Ordinance – focus on mitigation than avoidance.

Gaps with regard to this principle to avoid resettlement impact thru alternative options.

Padma RF adheres to this principle - i.e., avoid resettlement impacts where feasible

2. Minimize involuntary resettlement

If displacement is unavoidable, minimize involuntary resettlement by – (i) exploring alternative project designs; (ii) effective measures to minimize impact in consultation with the people who are affected.

The law only implicitly discourages unnecessary and excess land acquisition, as excess land remains idle and unused and lands acquired for one purpose cannot be used for a different purpose. Land that remains unused should be returned to the original owner(s).

Section 3/under 1982 Ordinance requires notification only; no consultation is required

- Minimize displacement of people as much as possible by exploring all viable design alternatives. - If unavoidable, provide for prompt payment of just compensation, replacement cost (for lost assets and income) and rehabilitation and livelihood assistance, towards better condition than before relocation for all displaced households, regardless of (land) tenure. Unused land be returned back to the original owners through de-acquisition.

3. Mitigate adverse social impacts

Where IR is unavoidable, effective measures to mitigate adverse social and economic impacts on affected persons by: (a) providing compensation for loss of assets at replacement cost; (b) ensuring that resettlement activities are implemented with

The mitigation measures are cash compensation only for lost assets. The complexities of resettlement is not addressed by the Ordinance

Only cash-based compensation for acquired assets. The impacts of loss of land, houses and the need for resettlement are not considered.

Provision for replacement value for assets lost (i.e., land, structures, trees etc.) at replacement cost. Resettlement in project-sponsored sites with civic amenities. Separate Livelihood and Income Restoration Plan RPs to be disclosed to the community and available in Bangla. The “good practices” are

118




and GOB


appropriate disclosure of information, consultation, and the informed participation of those affected (c) improve or at least restore the livelihoods and standards of living of displaced persons, and (d) improve living conditions among displaced persons through provision of adequate housing with security of tenure at resettlement sites.

derived from the Jamuna resettlement “model.”

Core Principles

1. Identify, assess and address the potential social and economic impacts

Assess at an early stage of the project cycle the potential social and economic impacts caused by involuntarily taking of land (e.g. relocation or loss of shelter, loss of assets or access to assets, loss of income sources or means of livelihood

The 1982 Ordinance requires preparation of a Land Acquisition Plan (LAP) for land acquisition and compensation purposes. However GOB environmental rules/guidelines (1997) synchronize various applicable laws and policy frameworks of the country for early identification of impacts on biophysical, socioeconomic and cultural environment of a project intervention and their mitigation. Requires the assessment of technical alternatives, including the no

Impact assessments are typically done in the case of externally funded projects; otherwise, a land acquisition plan is prepared for acquisition purposes. Project impacts on properties, livelihoods and employment, health and environment are discussed in IEE/EIA reports, but do not provide enough information to determine losses and basis for compensation. Existing laws do not have provision for identification of indigenous people to recognize their particular problem and

RF requires identification of impacts caused by displacement whether or not through land acquisition (maintaining the principle that lack of formal title to land should not be a bar to compensation and resettlement assistance), including number of affected persons. The Framework also addresses both direct and indirect impacts.

119




and GOB


action alternative to minimize adverse environmental impacts, include impact on human health and safety. EIA identifies measures to minimize the problems and recommends ways to improve the projects sustainability.

inconveniences due to a project.

2. Prepare mitigation plans for affected persons

Preparation of Resettlement Plan or Resettlement Framework (RF) during Project processing to mitigate the negative impacts of displacement. The plan will provide estimate of the extent of total population affected and establish entitlements of all categories of affected persons (including host communities), with particular attention paid to the needs of the poor and the vulnerable.

The Deputy Commissioners (DCs) have the mandate in their respective jurisdiction as per law to acquire land for any requiring person (public agency or private person). The requiring body requests the Deputy Commissioners for acquisition of land for their project/scheme. DCs investigate physically the requirement of land and carry out Joint Verifications of assets and type of land for assessing the quantity of losses (u/s 8(1) of the law). Affected titled holders receive the assessed value and 50% on that for compulsory acquisition Fair compensation is required for acquisition of land which is dependent on recorded data with relevant government agencies (sub-

Existing law and methods of assessment do not ensure full replacement cost of property at current market price. The law does not consider resettlement or rehabilitation of affected persons or their loss of income or livelihood resources. “Market value” of property is often found low in respect of current market price, it can be raised, if appealed, by a maximum of 10 percent each time which in most case is not sufficient to match with real market price.

Padma RF requires full census and/or updating, where possible, for up-to-date database. RPs will be developed on the updated survey data Provide guidelines to ensure displaced persons and communities‟ compensation for lost assets at full replacement costs and other assistance to help them improve or at least restore their standard of living at pre-project level. Includes special attention to gender and preparation of gender action plan

120




and GOB


registrar‟s office for land, PWD for structure, DAE for crops, DOF for trees, etc.). Affected owners have the right to appeal on acquisition or on the compensation amounts determined as per law.

3. Consider alternative project design

Multiple alternative proposals must be examined to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement and physical, or economic displacement and to choose a better project option while balancing environmental social and financial costs and benefits.

Feasibility studies including social, political, cultural and environmental impact assessments, detailed engineering surveys as basis for acquisition of private property or rights.

No specific laws for considering project design to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement. Feasibility study considers cost-benefit more from technical than socio-cultural considerations.

Padma RF considers feasible alternative project design to avoid or at least minimize physical or economic displacement, while balancing environmental, social, technical and financial costs and benefits.

4. Involve and consult with stakeholders

Consult project-affected persons, host communities and local nongovernmental organizations, as appropriate. Provide them opportunities to participate in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of the resettlement program, especially in the process of developing and implementing the procedures for determining eligibility for compensation benefits and development assistance (as

The 1982 Ordinance have provisions (Section 3 and 3/2 ) to notify the owners of property to be acquired. Any party having any objections can appear to DC for a hearing with 15 days of notification.

There is no provision in the law for consulting the stakeholders but the land allocation committees at district, division and central government level. People have limited scope to negotiate with the government on the price of land, but have no right to refuse acquisition.

Padma RF has provisions for community consultation and public disclosure of impacts as well as mitigation measures, including disclosure of Resettlement Plan. Further, grievances redressal procedures involving cross-section of people, including representative of affected persons, have been established for accountability and democratization of the development process

121




and GOB


documented in a resettlement plan), and for establishing appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms. Pay particular attention to the needs of vulnerable groups among those displaces, especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children, Indigenous Peoples, ethnic minorities, or other displaced persons who may not be protected through national land compensation legislation.

5. Disclose and inform PAPs of RP and mitigation measures

Disclose the resettlement plan including documentation of the consultation process, in a form and language(s) accessible to key stakeholders, civil society, particularly affected groups and the general public in an accessible place for a reasonable minimum period.

The 1982 Ordinance requires a “notice” to be published at convenient places on or near the property in a prescribed form and manner stating that the property is proposed to be acquired (u/section 3).

Disclosure takes place in case of donor-funded projects.

Padma RF requires disclosure of Draft RPs to the affected communities in a form or language(s) that are understandable to key stakeholders, civil society, particularly affected groups and the general public in a national workshop. Further, updated RPs will be disclosed based on material changes as a result of the concerns of affected families.

6. Support existing social and cultural institutions of the affected persons

Ensure that the existing social and cultural institutions of the resettlers and any host communities are supported and used to the extent

---

No provision in any existing laws.

Jamuna resettlement established this as a “good practice” in resettlement operation. Affected households were given options for relocation in accordance with their choices and

122




and GOB


possible, including legal, policy and institutional framework of the country to the extent that the intent and spirit of the IR policy is maintained. Projects must be adequately coordinated so that they are accepted in manner that is socially appropriate to the country and locality in which the Project is planned. The SEA should include an assessment of compliance with applicable host country laws, regulations, and permits, and relevant social and environmental impacts and risks of the project.

support available from existing social networks. Host –resettlers‟ relation was enhanced by providing civic amenities and infrastructure services to the host villages. Padma RF has similar provisions to enhance carrying capacity of the host villages in post-relocation period.

Supervision For all interventions that involve resettlement or physical or economic displacement, a resettlement plan will be prepared. The RP will lay down appropriate time-bound actions and budgets, and the full costs of resettlement, compensation, and rehabilitation will be included in the presentation of the costs and benefits of the development

No provision in the 1982 Ordinance.

There is no law or directives on the supervision of the land acquisition process by Deputy Commissioner.

Resettlement supervision in the Padma will follow the Jamuna model with co-financiers‟ periodic “milestone” meeting, supervision by CSC safeguard specialist, mid-term review of resettlement performance and regular supervision of resettlement operations by the Resettlement Unit of BBA.

123




and GOB


intervention.

Monitoring Regular supervision on resettlement implementation to determine compliance with the resettlement instrument.

The 1982 Ordinance II has provision that the DC will monitor and submit a statement to the Government annually about the properties acquired for different requiring bodies and mode of utilization of the land.

Existing laws not have any provision for rehabilitation of project affected persons and therefore, no monitoring is done.

Padma RF has provision for internal, external monitoring, plus periodic monitoring by independent POE to be hired by co-financiers‟ fund. Monitoring results will be shared and findings will be used for enhancement, if needed.

Evaluation The borrower is responsible for adequate monitoring & evaluation of the activities set forth in the resettlement instrument. It is desirable that the project proponents monitor: (i) whether any situations that were unforeseeable before the project began have arisen; (ii) the implementation situation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures prepared in advance, and that they then take appropriate measures based on the results of such monitoring (iii) involve independent external experts for resettlement monitoring (iv) Monitoring reports must be

No provision for evaluations of the post-displaced lives of the affected households and communities

CSC Safeguard Specialist will conduct annual evaluation of the performance of resettlement operations as well as impacts of resettlement during and after implementation of resettlement plans to assess resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impacts, and sustainability. POE will also conduct evaluations to reflect broadly on the success or weaknesses in RP implementation and “lessons learned.”

124




and GOB


made public and additional steps to be taken, if required.

125

ANNEX III: TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR COORDINATING-NGO (CNGO) PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION PROGRAM (ILRP)

A. Project Background

The Government of Bangladesh (GOB) is implementing construction of a bridge on the mighty River Padma at Mawa-Jajira points on the Dhaka – Khulna Highway (N-8) under the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (the Project). This project is co-financed by GOB, the World Bank (WB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA), under Bridge Division of the Ministry of Communication of the GOB, is the executing agency (EA) of the Project. Geographically the Project covers parts of three districts – Munshiganj (Mawa/North bank) and Shariatpur and Madaripur (Janjira/South bank). The bridge is designed to be an approximately 6.15 km long fixed-crossing double deck steel bridge over the River Padma with provisions for a four lane divided motorway, a rail line, gas pipeline, fiber optic cable, and power transmission lines on the bridge. As a high “priority project” of the GOB, an accelerated design program has been adopted to start the construction of the bridge in the first quarter of 2011.

According to studies and estimates so far carried out62 in the project affected areas, a total of 13,501 households will be affected by the project. This includes 8,526 households losing agricultural land, 3886 households losing residential structures, 960 households losing businesses and 2882 persons will be experiencing indirect or secondary impacts - for loss of wage employment and sources of income during and after construction of the bridge. In all, it is estimated that about 76,211 persons will be affected directly and indirectly by the Project in Srinagar and Lauhaganj upazilas of Munshiganj District, Janjira Upazila of Shariatpur District and Shibchar Upazila of Madaripur District. The Project recognizes diminishing income and dislocation in livelihood of the affected population during and after displacement due to the project. Out of the 13501 affected households, an estimated 9600 households will be experiencing severe direct and indirect impact on their livelihoods affecting their usual living standards. These severely affected households will be requiring special assistance to restore their income and livelihood and cope with changed circumstances during and after construction of the bridge. Resettlement and rehabilitation of the project affected persons, therefore, emphasize on income and livelihood restoration, in addition to compensation and cash assistance for physical reconstruction and risk management.

Three Resettlement Action Plans, prepared for different components of the bridge, have provisions for compensatory and subsistence measures for overall resource reconstruction and risk management by the affected persons in a short-term and income and livelihood restoration program (ILRP) targeted for the severely affected households and persons on a long-term basis. The ILRP is intended for sustainable income and livelihood reconstruction by the severely affected persons especially the poor, landless and vulnerable households. A coordinating NGO (CNGO) will be employed for planning and implementation of the ILRP.

B. Objectives of the ILRP The main objective of the ILRP is to enhance or at least restore the income level of the income and livelihood-affected people in the post relocation periods. The ILRP is intended to promote employment, production, marketing, businesses and organization building for the affected persons through lobbying and advocacy. It targets the unemployed and under-employed youths and economically active members from the affected families both male and female to enhance their skills and link them with market demand and supply chain including employers and markets. ILRP will finally restore and/or enhance income of the affected families and facilitate them to cope with changed economic setting during and after construction of the bridge. The specific objectives of ILRP include the following:

Identify potential livelihood opportunities that the target population can explore;

62 BIDS Census Survey, as of February 2010 and ADB PPTA study in 2006 (the figures will be updated based on final survey in the RTW area by BIDS.

126

Identify actions to help the target population access these opportunities;

Facilitate likely partnerships between target population, local NGOs, and the public and private sector organizations for skills training, wage employment, access to production and marketing.

Facilitate capital support for undertaking income generating activities by the target population.

Provide technical support for business planning, management and operation by the target population. C. STRATEGY FOR LONG-TERM INCOME and livelihood RESTORATION

The project has adopted a twofold approach for income restoration. The first phase will be short term, basically providing compensation for lost assets and direct outlays of affected businesses at full replacement cost to give immediate relief from the negative impact to meet their livelihood needs. The long-term ILRP will focus on sustainable livelihoods for affected households through wage and self-employment integrated with human resource development, and exploring local, regional, national and international resources and linkages. ILRP will be designed and implemented as post-relocation activities over a period of 10 years. The target group beneficiaries (TGBs) of ILRP, the persons who will not be able to reconstruct their livelihood on their own, will be identified through a baseline survey including their resources, needs, priorities and potentials for additional and alternative income generating options. In order to ensure smooth implementation of the ILRP, a Social Development Fund (SDF) will be created by the Project. Allocation for the same has been included in the Project budgets. The SDF will be used for extending the following support to the targeted households:

Resource identification (human, natural, physical, financial, entrepreneurial and marketing); Information dissemination and awareness building; Motivation and mobilization; Capacity building and skills development; Business Development ; Women enterprises; Cooperatives and marketing network Farm based inputs and extension services; Working capital; Linkage development (employer, buyers, and marketers); Facilitating wage and self-employment; Providing improved cooking stove (ICS); Implementation, monitoring and feedback; Supervision and strengthening measures; and Evaluation and follow-up actions.

D. OPTIONS FOR LIVELIHOOD DEVELOPMENT Sustainability of income and livelihood restoration activities depends on local resources, skills available to exploit the resources, needs, and marketing opportunities. Inventory survey for preparation of RAPs for project components have included baseline information identifying available resources and/or opportunities, present level of occupation, income generation activities, pattern of trading, small business, and other employment opportunities, and needs and aspirations of the affected person. The study made a preliminary inventory of all possible options and skills available or which can be developed for income and livelihood restoration. These options and skills were assessed as follows:

Agriculture Development Program: Land acquisition for the project will reduce the farm size of the affected households in the project affected area and replacement land will be scarce. It is further evident from BIDS survey that the displaced persons, particularly the affected households, losing agricultural land in the south bank (Janjira site) will opt to retain their current occupation in agriculture. However, to cover the gap in agriculture production, the farmers will have to increase productivity/return to restore the level of income. Diversification toward high-value horticulture, vegitable/flour cultivation, fisheries development and improved varieties of existing fruits and better

127

marketing may encourage them increase the production. An agriculture development program will, therefore, be worked out to integrate interested affected persons with improved farming/technology and enhanced production. Under the program, a number of agricultural extension workers in will be placed to guide and assist the farmers. The farmers will be provided with agriculture inputs (quality seed, fertilizer, and the like), technology support (soil testing and fertilization planning, crop selection, etc.) and finally short-term credit. Farmers will be trained how to increase their farm incomes through the organization of farmers and demonstration farming. These should be considered as a pilot project of DAE.

Cage Culture and Floating Pond: Within the boundary of bridge impact area there are sufficient

perennial waterbodies with channels connecting the Padma. These water-bodies can be used for fish culture using cage and floating pond by the TGBs without any restriction from any corner (government or private). The target people can catch fish (if not cultivate) as a source of income and livelihood. This income activity is widely practiced by the people along the river bank and has been reported very profitable.

Nakshi (design in stitches): There is a growing trend of utilizing low cost women labour available in the villages in producing handicraft items. Private entrepreneurs, with adequate skills in designing, color processing and marketing locally and internationally, are effectively tapping this manpower. Women and girls can earn on average BDT 1500-3000/head/month even along with tending to the domestic chores. The women in the affected households will be organized by providing them with adequate training, technology, marketing facility, financial and organizational support.

River Based Activities: The project sites, especially at the bridge endpoints, there are landing

stations for river vessels and country boats in addition to the ferry operations. There are also commercial activities especially the fish market at Mawa. When the bridge will be constructed, it is expected that the channel along the guide-bund will remain open perennially at both banks of the river, which opens up the following opportunities for the affected communities:

a. Possibility of developing landing stations for boats and inland vessels using the harbor to

be used for transportation of construction materials and equipments for the bridge. b. These can also be used for river cruising using small traditional and speedboats c. Establishing small shops and restaurant along the bank or on boats d. Attract tourists and generate employment for anybody interested to do it.

Occupational Skill Training: Effective occupational rehabilitation of the PAPs largely depends upon

the trainings they and their family members have received over the past years. The surveys undertaken brought forth that about 25% of the affected persons have undergone training in the past on occupational skills. Trainings received by the PAPs and their family members encompass a wide array of subjects/areas including cattle/goat rearing, poultry raising, beef fattening, driving, primary and other health care, plastic goods manufacturing, banana cultivation, radio/TV repairing, tailoring, sewing/embroidery, Ansar, Village (rural) doctor, family planning, car repairing, fish cultivation, workshop mechanic and carpentry. Most important among them are tai loring (21.2%), poultry (20.2%), Sewing/embroidery (14.1%), driving (12.6%), cattle/goat rearing (7.1%) and radio/TV repairing (6.1%). Such households would be provided with credit support, through MFIs, for setting up their own small enterprises.

Tourism development: The project has designed a tourism development site in Janjira with a

viewing tower and all tourist amenities on sites to attract national and international visitors to the bridge site. The construction of bridge will provide enormous opportunities for local boat operators for tourism as source of income both at Mawa and Janjira. Indeed, currently the boat operators, particularly the speedboat operators are conducting tourist operations during weekends in the project area. This will be enhanced as an income source for the local affected person willing to undertake this as livelihood restoration program. The scope of tourism will include trips to local chars up and down

128

stream of the bridge site which provides a fascinating view of the flood plain and river system. Besides, there are scopes for developing tourist attraction within the char including big sanctuaries at char Janajat.

In addition to above measures, the GOB is also seriously considering a proposal for comprehensive development of the southwest region. This Master Development Plan includes development of new industries, businesses and urban settlement and is anticipated to create several new opportunities for the affected persons and the local community at large. The construction of the bridge will provide an impetus to the various economic initiatives.

E. SCOPE OF WORK While the Short-term income restoration support will be provided under the scope of the RAP and will be undertaken by the RAP implementing NGO, this Terms of Reference (ToR) has been prepared for engagement of an experienced national NGO for the services of planning and implementation ILRP under the full support from the Social Development Fund (SDF) provided by BBA and within the institutional framework of its safeguard department.

I. Area of Operation

The ILR Program will be designed for severely affected persons and be implemented in the following areas of Srinagar and Louhaganj upazilas of Munshiganj District, Janjira Upazila of Shariatpur District and Shibchar Upazila of Madaripur District:

(1) Host area villages where the affected persons live or have been relocated

(2) Resettlement Sites

a. Jasaldia Resettlement Site (Mawa)

b. Kumarbhog Resettlement Site (Mawa)

c. Paschim Naodova Resettlement Site (Janjira)

d. Bakhorerkandi Resettlement Site (Janjira) and

e. Any new resettlement site, if developed later.

II. Target Group Beneficiaries (TGBs)

Target group beneficiaries (TGBs) of ILRP will be selected from the target group families (TGFs) those are severely affected due to land acquisition and displacement for purpose of the project. TGFs basically include affected households those will be losing their basic source of income and livelihood resources due to undertaking of the project. In case, the loss does not affect the usual living standard of a household will not be considered as a TGF. The long-term Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan will be developed for the following categories of project-affected people, eligible as Target Group Beneficiaries (TGBs): 1) Eligible members63 of poor64 and other vulnerable (women and disabled person headed) households to be relocated as a result of Project construction; 63 Male or female household members between ages 18 to 45 years will be eligible for special assistance under income and livelihood restoration program. 64 Households having income below the national property line (BDT 4800 per household per month) in Bangladesh as on 2006 (estimate by consultant).

129

2) Poor households or the employees and daily wage earners of the diminished businesses or their nominated representatives; 3) Poor households losing access to agriculture land including sharecropper, and leaseholders; 4) Poor households losing access to commercial land including business proprietorship; 5) Poor households losing more than 10% of their regular income due to acquisition and execution of the project; 6) Households affected in the char lands within the project boundary up and downstream by project interventions (to be determined during project construction by a designated Technical Team). Selection of TGBs from the TGFs will be based on age, gender, education, skills and attitude. Household members aged 18 to 30 years will be preferred for TGBs. However, in absence of such youths in a target group family or in case of women, the age limit can be extended to 40 years. If a TGF does not fit with the age bar or qualification, it will be covered under non-skill based livelihoods for self-employment only. The host of TGBs and TGFs of the ILRP will tentatively be as follows:

Category of TGFs/TGBs RAP-I RAP-II RAP-III TOTAL Losing more than 10% of income due to land acquisition 100 1338 456 1894

Loss by dislocation of house and commercial establishment 30 1525 3290 4845

Total number of PAHs 130 2863 3746 6739 Loss of wages and employment 98 1007 1777 2882 Grand Total 228 3870 5523 9621

N.B. the figures are estimated based on the RAPs.

III. Task Assignment and Activities

The CNGO will carry out the intended tasks in two phases. The first phase will be to resource scanning and assessing the needs of the TGFs and/or TGBs and identify options for additional and alternative income enhancing or restoring their lost income. The second phase will be implementation of identified schemes for income and livelihood development. The CNGO will also identify capable local NGOs and the public and private sector for access to training, credit, technology, organization building and market in and around the project area, job placements and production. The CNGO will guide and build the capacity of target group beneficiaries involving in “production groups” at the village/cluster level and “federation of production groups” at the upazila level. Each of the 4 resettlement sites will be considered as one cluster/village and represented by RS Entrepreneurs Group. The entire focus will be “result based” and on achievement of objectives. After completion of income & livelihood restoration program, the beneficiary organizations (federation and production groups) will take over and the livelihood program will continue to support the PAPs and their family members. Guidelines, operations manual and bylaws will be developed and adopted by the community organizations with facilitation from the CNGO. The CNGO will specifically undertake the following activities for developing ILR programs, implementing the programs and monitoring the income and livelihood restoration activities.

F. RESOURCING AND SCHEME DESIGNING The CNGO will review existing policies/processes and baseline data and design baseline and needs identification survey to understand the feasible needs and capacity of the target groups and develop ILRP by sectors identified in the SAP. Expertise, knowledge, and strength of local NGOs and scope of linkages with the public and private sector agencies in and around the area will also be assessed as a ground work for ILRP planning. The ILRP scheme design will include number of beneficiaries for wage employment and self-employment based on market demand. The CNGO, in specific, will undertake following activities for resource assessment and scheme design:

(a) Review the baseline data on existing livelihood pattern and opportunities, and the preferences on additional and alternative occupations and livelihood activities created by BIDS survey and

130

recheck viability of options for additional and alternative income generation ventures/occupations to fit with the capacity, age and gender of the potential TGBs and their access to market.

(b) Design and carry out 100% household survey for (i) household based resources including economically active manpower by age and gender, land holding, ownership of non-land productive assets, working capital, existing employment (formal, informal, self-employment) access to credit, (ii) skills base including occupation, education by gender and age, (iii) expenditure and investment pattern, (iv) use of resources, use of energy and type of oven, and (v) income and savings.

(c) Identify the potential members of affected families (TGBs) for bringing them under the ILRP for wage employment and self-employment.

(d) Carry out common resources assessment (natural, physical and financial) through site survey (transect walk), individual contact, key informant interview, contacting available public and private sector agencies (having some linkages and relevance with livelihood development) at village, union, upazila and district level and at the national level.

(e) Design and carry out feasibility study of alternative occupations considering the demand and saturation level, and capacity and vulnerability of TGBs.

(f) Review the potentials for trading, fish cultivation, tourism, design stitching, garments making, cash crop cultivation, farming, etc. as appropriate.

(g) Analyze market to generate information for affected persons on potential market opportunities.

(h) Assess labor market potential and opportunities by gathering national data and incorporating district level studies on the same issue.

(i) Review the experience of Char Livelihood Programs (funded by DFID), Social Development Foundation (SDF) projects (funded by the World Bank), PKSF, BRDB, Directorate of Women and children Affairs, Social Welfare Department and local level NGOs on employment and livelihood generation for vulnerable groups, youths and women.

(j) Identify local level NGOs, CBOs, individuals as well as other public and private sector agencies to involve as partner for field plan and implementation of the ILRP.

(k) Identify organizations/NGOs and buyers at the district level and in Dhaka those provide job training and/or business development services.

(l) Prepare an inventory of agencies and/or companies looking for unskilled and skilled labour and update the inventory on a regular basis.

(m) Prepare comprehensive livelihood development schemes (LDS) by sectors and by location (cluster of settlements and resettlement sites) for implementation involving individuals, local NGOs, CBOs, and public and private sector agencies related to manpower utilization and product marketing. The ILR schemes will contain activities, investment plan, feasibility analysis, linkages, marketing, timeline, and risks analysis with design of safety-nets.

(n) Organize national level workshop on livelihood to explore wider linkages and obtain vetting on the ILR schemes from diverse community, livelihood experts and policy makers.

(o) Submit the LDSs for approval by the BBA, implementation clearance and funding.

G. IMPLEMENTATION OF ILRP

131

When the LDSs are approved by BBA, the CNGO will disseminate the options among the TGBs. Meanwhile, the necessary linkages and understanding will be established with the training providers, employers, buyers and intermediaries first for capacity building and skills development and then for placement of TGBs in respective sectors of employment (wage employment and self-employment). Wage employment is direct employment with the existing employers in the country including EPZs, industrial sectors, construction contractors, HR agencies, and other service sectors. TGBs with enhanced skills with prospects abroad will be facilitated for overseas employment. Self-employment will be product and service based, and involves skills of TGBs, potential buyers and market opportunities. The CNGO will specifically undertake the following activities to implement the LDSs:

(a) Disclosure campaign and information dissemination among the potential TGBs and their community on the LDSs in the operation area.

(b) Design and organize orientation for Livelihood Facilitators and other professionals of the CNGO and community representatives from the TGBs.

(c) Motivate TGBs and establish livelihood groups/cooperatives at cluster level and at the resettlement sites.

(d) Involve/partner local NGOs, public sector agencies (as backstoppers) and private sectors including entrepreneurs, buyers and employers for LDS implementation;

(e) Identify and negotiate international/local buyers and NGOs that may opt for handicrafts, garments, and agro-product purchase from the entrepreneurs and artisans at the resettlement sites, and host areas.

(f) Execute memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the relevant public and private sectors including overseas recruiting agencies, manpower bureau, ministry of migrant welfare, local HR agencies, BGMEA, BKMEA, BEPZA, district chambers and the like.

(g) Identify, locate and negotiate local and regional public, private sector and multinational agencies providing skill training on potential vocations having demand in the local, regional, national and international markets.

(h) Disseminate information on training opportunities, job opportunities, marketing opportunities to the livelihood groups.

(i) Prepare micro-plan for individuals or livelihood groups for training, wage employment and self-employment.

(j) Facilitate capacity development and skill training to the target group persons as per micro-plan for skills and management capacity development.

(k) Select and motivate livelihood groups for wage employment and self-employment and link the wage employment group with the employers for direct employment and the self-employment group with buyers for marketing products and/or services or help them establish new networks.

(l) On completion of training, prepare business plan for individual TGBs or group of TGBs to obtain capital support from the SDF/local banks for running and operation of selected income generating activity.

(m) Disburse credit for capital support and supervise operation of the income generation activities following the business plan.

(n) Recover credits from the individuals and livelihood groups as appropriate.

(o) Provide technical support and marketing advices to the TGBs for sustainable operation of income and livelihood restoration activities.

132

(p) Formation of Livelihood/Production Groups and Federation of Livelihood/Production Groups at Upazila level and enhance their capacity to take over ILRP operation.

(q) Prepare operation manual and guidelines for the Production Groups and the Federations to be adopted by the BBA.

H. MONITORING AND FOLLOWING UP The CNGO will conduct monitoring and evaluation of the training, communication and operation of income and livelihood restoration activities undertaken by the target group beneficiaries. Specific lapses, mistakes and difficulties will be identified to provide input for periodic revision of ILR Schemes and better operate the activities for long-term sustainability. The CNGO will undertake following tasks for monitoring, evaluation and feedback for the program:

(a) Design and develop automated management information system (MIS) for monitoring ILRP program and activities by the TGBs and supporting agencies providing skill training, business development and partnering.

(b) Monitor activities of the TGBs, Production Groups and the Federations at the field level.

(c) Monitor programs for skill training and capacity development of the TGBs.

(d) Conduct financial auditing of the TGBs and Groups for business operation and credit refund.

(e) Case study of selected target group persons to identify difficulties and lapses for successful livelihood development.

(f) Develop corrective plans for implementation by the individual TGBs and groups.

(g) Assist TGBs on corrective measures as per plans.

I. MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND The project budget extends a social development fund (SDF) under the resettlement action plans in order to foster livelihood planning and executing of livelihood development schemes for the designated affected persons.. A tentative amount of BDT 70 million has been included in the RAP budgets under the social development fund. This fund will be used on feasible and proven efforts as per LDS and will be channeled through the CNGO by the RU, BBA. This fund will be specifically extended for the self-employment groups as a revolving low-cost loan fund. The TGBs will also generate funds to enhance the volume of SDF on revenue sharing arrangement through the livelihood groups and federation of livelihood groups. Grants funds will also be sought for the IRLP from the international financing institutions co-financing the project.

Each of the livelihood group will have their own bank account for generation, receipt and refund of capital support from the SDF. The wage employed groups will also have accounts with the livelihood groups to obtain capital support on any feasible additional investment. All capital support will be provided to the TGBs through Livelihood Group in their respective bank account.

The CNGO will facilitate regeneration of SDF, capital disbursement, recovery and periodic repayment to the safeguard department of BBA through the Resettlement Unit.

Cost of training of TGBs selected for human and skills development and other cost for partner agencies involved for support services (both private and public sector agencies) as per business development plan will be borne from the SDF at per actual.

J. INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT The CNGO will work and represent the Resettlement Unit of the Safeguard Department of Bangladesh Bridge Authority for all planning, designing, financing, advocacy and technical support on ILR programs at

133

the field level. The local level NGOs/agencies, public and private sectors, entrepreneurs, buyers, and employers will be partnered for wage employment and self-employment as appropriate. At the community level, Livelihood Groups (LG) will represent and advocate the individual TGBs for capacity and skill development, job placement, and self-employment by means of production and trading. Federation of Livelihood Groups (FLG) at the upazila level will advocate for the Livelihood Groups to the external buyers and employers.

CNGO will facilitate the TGBs for skills development, networking and linkage development involving potential buyers and employers.

CNGO will also involve the local banks in financial operation for individual and groups for capital support and recovery of loans from the individual TGBs.

The Federation of Livelihood Group at the Upazila Level will take over the ILRP operation after the tenure of the ILRP from BBA and operate a sustainable revolving fund. The FLG will function in conjunction with the LGs. The LGs and FLGs will be formed and operated under the Cooperatives Department. Separate LGs will be formed for the women groups.

K. CNGO TEAM COMPOSITION Expertise on livelihood assessment, employment generation and investment planning are the basic requirement for effective implementation of the ILRP. The willing NGOs should hence apply its staff resources with the field of specialization and skills as shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Professional Staff with Qualification and Experience: Position/expertise Qualification and

Experience Major Responsibilities

A. Professional Staff

1. Team Leader/ Social Development Specialist

Masters in management, economics or other social sciences with 10 years general experience including 5 years specific experience in similar fields. Experience in poverty interventions and livelihood development involuntary resettlement should be essential credential for the position.

Team management, administration, study design, scheme design, implementation planning and operation of livelihood programs.

Effective coordination, planning and implementation of livelihoods activities.

Management, monitoring and evaluation of livelihoods activities.

Establishing and maintaining strategic partnerships and support the resource mobilization.

Facilitation of knowledge-sharing and capacity building.

2. Livelihood Development Specialist

Masters in economics or other social science with a minimum of 5 years practical experience in livelihood development field. Knowledge in micro entrepreneurship development, local resource management, human resource development, and social mobilization will be

Design baseline survey and resource identification for exploring livelihood development schemes.

Information disclosure and motivation of potential beneficiaries for brining them under self-employment schemes using local resources and linking with external buyers and markets.

Identify training organizations and negotiate them for partnering in skill training of the

134

Position/expertise Qualification and Experience

Major Responsibilities

essential. TGBs and mobilize them in obtaining skill training on production businesses.

Prepare business plan and mobilize trained TGBs on self-employment.

Develop micro-enterprise for livelihood groups and individuals, mobilize them in operation, monitor and following up to ensure effective operation and profit making.

Design and conduct orientation on mental and attitudinal preparedness on accepting a placement.

Mobilize youths on job placements arranged by the Livelihood Promotion and Linkage Development Specialist.

Following up performance and relationships of TGBs with employers and undertaken measures to improvement of job satisfaction by the TGBs.

3. Livelihood Promotion and Linkage Development Specialist

Masters in marketing, international relations or other social science with a minimum of 5 years practical experience in marketing or business promotion and linkage development.

Design baseline survey for identification of potential candidates for wage employment at home and abroad.

Explore demands and accordingly suggest skill training for potential youths for human resource development.

Contact and liaise with employers, employers groups, associations, federations, and manpower agencies for local placements and overseas employment.

Arrange employers‟ demands for skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manpower as per availability of skills and candidates among the TGBs.

4. Agriculture Extension and Development Specialist

Masters in agriculture with minimum of 10 years experience as agriculture extension officer.

The tasks include assessment of local farming practices, needs of the affected farmers, development of crop diversification, marketing in liaison with district/upazila agricultural extension officers.

5. Financial/ Investment Analyst

Masters in finance, accounting, with 10 years experience or chartered accountant/cost accountant with 5 years practical experience in project formulation, investment design and project management.

Design resources identification survey and analyze financial capital available in the project area and outside it.

Design financial part of the livelihood development schemes.

Design and carryout out period review and audit of self-employment schemes undertaken and operated by the TGBs with

135

Position/expertise Qualification and Experience

Major Responsibilities

SDF support.

6. Gender Development Specialist

Masters in social science with 10 years of practical experience as a gender specialist in development and livelihood projects.

Gender inclusive study design for baseline and resources identification surveys.

Prepare gender strategy for the livelihood development plans and schemes.

Ensure gender respect in LDS implementation.

B. Support Staff

7. Livelihood Facilitators

Masters in social science and age above 30 years

Rapport building with target groups beneficiaries, communication and resources identification.

Carry out field survey for baseline survey as per design, and conduct consultation with affected persons and their community in the target areas.

Motivating TGBs for organization building and capacity development.

Facilitate TGBs in selection of livelihood options and developing business development plan.

Facilitate on site in the process of undertaking and operating self-employment ventures.

Any other activities as per LDS and advice from the professionals.

8. Data/Word Processor

Minjmum graduate with sufficient typing and data entry speed and 3 years of practical experience.

Data entry and word processing for surveys, data analysis and reporting writing to assist the professionals.

9. Accountant Minimum commerce graduate with at least 3 years practical experience.

Financial transaction and record keeping as per advice of the Team Leader.

10. Office Assistant Minimum HSC. Assist desk work and liaison with field operatives.

Number and overall input of CNGO staff resources are estimated as shown in Table 2 below:

Table 2 Team Composition and Staff Inputs

Position No. Duration (In years)

Total Input (man-month)

1. Team Leader 1 10 40

136

Position No. Duration (In years)

Total Input (man-month)

2. Livelihood Specialist 2 10 80

3. Agriculture Extension and Development Specialist

2 10 80

4. Livelihood Promotion and Linkage Development Specialist

1 10 40

5. Financial/Investment Analyst 1 5 20

6. Gender Development Specialist 1 5 20

7. Livelihood Facilitators 8 10 320

8. Data/Word Processors 3 10 192

8. Accountant 1 10 120

9. Office Assistant 2 10 240

L. TIME FRAME AND REPORTING The CNGO will be employed for a period of 10 years, with intermittent inputs from the professional team, to synchronize project activities and ensure sustainable income restoration by the affected persons. There will be monitoring of the activities on a yearly basis to see if the program is implemented as designed and the level of benefits accrued by the TGBs. A post evaluation will be carried out after one year of completion of the ILRP in the field.

The CNGO, will prepare an d submit an inception report in 2 months from the date of commencement of work.

The livelihood development schemes with all applicable review and assessments will be developed in the next 4 consecutive months following a regional level and a na tional level workshop.

The next 3 months will be dedicated for selection of TGBs by groups for capacity development targeting wage employment and self-employment separately.

In the remaining 3 months of the first year of ILR approach, arrangement with training agencies (public and private sectors) will be finalized and everything set for mobilization of TGBs for training.

Implementation of LDSs will be functionally started in the beginning of the second year parallel to TGB selection, training, job placement, investment, monitoring and following up. The ILRP must include concrete actions for income restoration, including budget, timetables, responsibility for implementation, economic assumptions and risks and contingency arrangements. The Reports will include, but not limited, to the following:

I. Inception Report

A review of current socioeconomic conditions of the PAPs including income baseline, occupation, skills preferences and priorities, if existing data is not sufficient, design additional baseline survey and resource identification exercise including consultation.

A summary of PAPs‟ preferences for training and income restoration (indicating description of methods used to elicit PAPs‟ views)

137

A summary of potential training and income restoration programs (based on primarily identified economic activities and opportunities prevalent in the area) an d options available to PAPs and of the process of matching PAPs to particular programs or activities

A gender strategy for the Program.

II. Livelihood Development Schemes

Detailed feasibility studies of the technical, economic, financial and institutional viability of the proposed income restoration programs65, including realistic estimation of incomes to be received by participating PAPs and the number of PAPs that can participate in each activity.

A time-bound plan on specific programs for poor and vulnerable PAPs.

A time-bound plan for development of human resources (appropriate trainings which have an established employment demand).

A time-bound plan on job creation and provision of access to capital for small enterprise, and agro-industry).

A time bound plan for job placements and overseas employment with sources of finance and the likely arrangements.

Arrangements and indicators for monitoring the effectiveness of training and income restoration programs and for modifying plans found to be ineffective.

Implementation Arrangements including specific tasks and responsibilities for partner NGOs/agencies and of local authorities and concerned agencies to be involved in the program.

Budget and Implementation Schedule.

III. Progress Reports (on a Quarterly basis)

The content will include progress based on arrangements and monitoring indicators as set out in the income restoration plan report. I t will also include satisfaction of PAPs, problems encountered and strategies or resolutions agreed on.

Progress monitoring indicators will be developed at the planning stage. Indicators for evaluation of the performance of the LDS in changing the income level and standard of living of the target groups beneficiaries.

IV. Completion Report

It will include concise history of the program, evaluation of the implementation, including financial audit statements.

V. Post-Evaluation Report

It will include post-evaluation of the implementation, case studies, conclusion and lessons learned.

65 Can exist or planned programs of the Government, NGOs, and other agencies within the project area with appropriate strategies to link up with or expand such programs.

138

M. QUALIFICATIONS OF CNGO Interested NGOs having experience in (i) income and livelihood restoration studies in involuntary resettlement, (ii) preparing and implementing income and livelihood restoration plans successfully and (iii) implementation of livelihood programs for destitute section of the society will be short-listed through inviting expression of interest. Interesting NGOs will submit their expression of interest with statement of their capacity in terms of past experience in similar fields and available resources/expertise for qualifying the work for income restoration of affected persons. The stated experience must reflect gender perspective and experience to deal with the poor and vulnerable groups.

Proposals will be invited from the short-listed NGOs with a brief statement of the approach, methodology, and relevant information concerning previous experience on monitoring of resettlement implementation and preparation of reports.

The NGOs‟ organization along with full CVs of proposed professionals must be submitted along with the proposal.

N. BUDGET AND LOGISTICS The budget should include all expenses such as (i) staff salary, (ii) office accommodation, (iii) staff training, (iv) computer/software, (v) design, development and operation of automated MIS, (vi) transport and field expenses and (vii) other logistics staff resources for field operation, data collection, processing and analysis for monitoring and follow up work. Salary and remunerations rates for the professionals to be engaged for ILRP should be at a standard acceptable to BBA. Additional expense claims whatsoever outside the proposed and negotiated budget will not be entertained. VAT, Income Tax and other charges admissible will be deducted at source as per GOB laws.

(Engr. Md. Rafiqul Islam)

Project Director Project Management Office (PMO) Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project Bangladesh Bridge Authority, Dhaka

139

ANNEX IV: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EXTERNAL MONITORING AGENCY (EMA)

A. Project Background The Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (PMBP) will provide direct connectivity between the central and southwestern part of the country through a fixed link on the Padma River. The Project is co-financed by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB), the World Bank (WB), the ADB, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) is the executing agency (EA) of the Project. The Project covers three districts – Munshiganj on the North bank and Shariatpur and Madaripur on the South bank at Mawa Janjira points. The bridge is designed to be an approximately 6.15 km long fixed crossing double deck steel bridge over the River Padma with provisions for a four lane divided motorway on the upper deck and a rail line on the lower deck. In addition, the bridge will carry gas pipeline, optic fiber cable, and power transmission lines. A pre-feasibility study66 was carried out in 1999, followed by a JICA-funded Feasibility Study (FS)67 in 2005 for preparation of the Padma Bridge. The FS formed the basis for the Government to proceed with the current detailed design68 and construction plan for the bridge. As a high “priority” project of the GOB, an accelerated design program has been adopted to start the construction of the bridge in 2011. According to estimates as of December 2010, a total of about 15,000 households will be affected by the project. This includes 8,526 project affected households (PAH) incurring impact on agricultural land and 6,386 PAHs losing structures (housing and commercial). A total of 2,882 persons were estimated to be losing wage employment and income temporarily - for example loss of businesses by vendors, shop owners, boat operators, beggars, porters 69 due to closure of ferries in Mawa and Janjira sides. These estimates comprise 80,000 project affected persons (PAP) to be affected directly and indirectly by the Project in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts. BBA has prepared the Social Action Plans (SAP) and Environmental Action Plans (EAP) upon detailed assessment and analysis of the social and environmental impacts of the project to avoid and mitigate them in the project implementation process in compliance of the safeguard policies of the international co-financing institutions and the national laws. A land acquisition and resettlement policy framework (RPF) has been adopted harmonizing the co-financiers safeguards requirements and the national legislations on land acquisition. Unavoidable social impacts have been planned to address through clearly demarcated actions at preconstruction, construction and post-construction stages. The Social Action Plans (SAP) include (i) Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), (ii) Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) including Income and Livelihood Restoration Program (ILRP), (iii) Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP), (iv) Public Health Action Plan (PHAP), (v) Gender Action Plan (GAP), and (vi) Charland Monitoring and Management Framework (CMMF). The RAPs have been prepared by phases for Project components in line with the accelerated design process for compensation, resettlement and livelihood restoration of the PAPs. BBA has already mobilized an implementing NGO (INGO) to implement the RAPs for project components. It will engage four more NGOs including a coordinating NGO to implement the livelihood restoration program of the RAPs. The NGOs responsibility is meant to assist the Resettlement Unit (RU) of BBA following set terms of reference for the respective social action plans. A monitoring mechanism has also been framed and adopted in the RAPs and other SAP documents involving the BBA, the implementing NGOs, the consultants and the co-financiers. The Environmental Action Plans (EAP) has been prepared to avoid and mitigate adverse environmental impacts of the infrastructure and of the construction activities on site. BBA has prepared Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) including the Environmental Code of Practices (ECP), and Dredge Material Management Plan (DMMP), Community Environmental Management Plan for 66 Padma Bridge Study: Pre-Feasibility Report (Vol. VI/Annex G - Resettlement Policy and Data), RPT/ Nedeco/BCL, February 2000. 67 Feasibility Study of Padma Bridge in Bangladesh – Final Report (Nippon Koei Co. Ltd, 2005). 68 ADB Loan BAN: 35049-02 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design (formerly Padma Multipurpose Bridge Engineering TA Loan), 2009. 69 Bangladesh Bridge Authority, 2006, Resettlement Action Plan, Dhaka, April

140

implementation. In addition, the baseline study and monitoring of the terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity in the project area as well as development of sanctuary are also included in the EAP. BBA seeks to engage an independent External Monitoring Agency (EMA) to review the internal monitoring and undertake third party monitoring & evaluation of the SAP and EAP implementation process for the Government of Bangladesh and the co-financiers. B. Key Objective of External Monitoring Monitoring is an integral part of the resettlement process as well as environmental mitigation process. As part of this Project, a three-tier monitoring system has been designed to monitor and evaluate the progress of the Social Action Plan and Environmental Action Plan implementation. These 3-levels comprise of: a) Internal monitoring at EA level involving the INGO and BBA-RU field offices; b) monitoring by project construction supervision consultant (CSC) and c) independent external monitoring. The primary objective for engaging an independent external monitoring agency is to review the efficacy of internal monitoring, design and conduct periodic third party monitoring and feedback BBA and co-financiers on policy improvement and enhancement of implementation process. The External Monitoring Agency (EMA) will review implementation process as per set policies in the SAPs and assess the achievement of resettlement objectives, the changes in living standards and livelihoods, restoration of the economic and social base of the affected people, the effectiveness of the plans/programs, impact and sustainability of use of resettlement assistance, the need for further mitigation measures if any, and to learn strategic lessons for future policy formulation and planning of the social action plans. Similarly, the EMA will review implementation process according to harmonized set policies in the EAPs and assess the effectiveness of the plans/programs under the EAP, impact, mitigation and sustainability, the need for further mitigation measures if any, and to learn strategic lessons for future improvement of the environmental management plan. C. Scope of Work The scope of work of the External Monitoring Agency (EMA) will include the following tasks:

i. Monitoring and evaluation of social actions

(1) To develop specific monitoring indicators for undertaking monitoring of safeguard issues, particularly implementation of the Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs), Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP), Public Health Action Plan (PHAP), Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan (ILRP), Charland Monitoring and management framework, and Gender Action Plan (GAP) reviewing the objectives of these plans and carrying out a baseline survey of project affected persons and their community.

(2) To review and verify the progress in land acquisition/resettlement implementation of the Project against set indicators.

(3) To identify the strengths and weaknesses of the land acquisition/resettlement objectives and approaches and implementation strategies.

(4) To assess and evaluate the adequacy of compensation given to the PAPs and the livelihood opportunities and incomes as well as the quality of life of PAPs of project-induced changes including implementation of Plans.

(5) Identification of the categories of impacts and evaluation of the quality and timeliness of delivering entitlements (compensation and rehabilitation measures) for each category and how the entitlements were used and their impact and adequacy to meet the specified objectives of the Plans. The quality and timeliness of delivering entitlements, and the sufficiency of entitlements as per approved policy.

(6) To analyze the pre-and post-project socio-economic conditions of the affected people. The methodology for assessment should be very explicit, noting any qualifications.

141

(7) To review results of internal monitoring and verify claims of the PAPs through sample check at the field level to assess whether land acquisition/resettlement objectives have generally been met. Involve the affected people and community groups in assessing the impact of land acquisition for monitoring and evaluation purposes.

(8) To monitor and assess the adequacy and effectiveness of the consultative process with affected PAPs, particularly the vulnerable ones, including the adequacy and effectiveness of grievance procedures and legal redress available to the affected parties, and recommend dissemination of information about these.

(9) To identify, quantify, and qualify the types of conflicts and grievances reported and resolved and the consultation and participation procedures.

(10) To provide a summary of whether involuntary resettlement was implemented (a) in accordance with the RAPs, and (b) in accordance with the stated policy.

(11) To review the quality and suitability of the relocation sites from the perspective of the both affected and host communities.

(12) To appraise the accounting documents used in recording the payments of compensation to PAPs by BBA. Once a year an annual impact evaluation to be done to assess the effectiveness of the work being undertaken and level of results achieved.

(13) To verify expenditure & adequacy of budget and auditing for execution of the SAP of the implementing INGOs/CNGOs/local NGO/Agency/consulting firm etc. of the PMBP.

(14) Describe any outstanding actions that are required to bring the resettlement activities in line with the policy of the RAP. Describe further mitigation measures needed to meet the needs of any affected person or families judged and/or perceiving themselves to be worse off as a result of the Project. Provide a timetable and define budget requirements for these supplementary mitigation measures.

(15) Describe any lessons learned that might be useful in improving draft national resettlement policy and legal/institutional framework for involuntary resettlement.

(16) To review and verify scope and status of employment of the affected persons particularly the women and the vulnerable PAPs in project civil construction work.

(17) To review and verify progress and monitor implementation of the public health action plan with special emphasis on the prevention of HIV and STD among risk groups (construction workers and the people interacting with the workers) and primary health care services.

(18) To review compliance with occupational safety/ health care as well as capacity to and performance in responding to curative routine and emergency care both on primary and secondary care.

(19) To review and verify progress of Income and Livelihood Restoration Plan (ILRP) implementation as per set policy. Conduct intensive study in each year on the changes of livelihood pattern of the target population covered under ILRP.

(20) To set monitoring indicators for implementation of Public Health Action Plan (PHAP) agreed between BBA, local level health NGOs and the co-financiers, and review implementation of the PHAP against each indicator. Impacts of PHAP implementation will be evaluated annually for feedback to the PHAP implementing NGO.

142

(21) To review implementation of the Gender Action Plan (GAP) following set guidelines of the GAP. Monitor women‟s participation in decision making, job opportunity, equal wages for equal work, social security at the community and in working stations, etc.

(22) To review and monitoring of any unanticipated impacts on the livelihood of char dwellers located within 15-Km upstream and 7 km downstream due to erosion and flooding during construction and operation phases.

ii. Monitoring and evaluation of environmental actions

(1) To identify specific monitoring indicators and mechanism for undertaking monitoring of the Environmental Action Plans (EAP), particularly, implementation of the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) and ECPs for all site development and construction related activities during pre-construction, construction and post-construction period.

(2) Review and monitor the implementation of the mitigation measures for the protection of biodiversity during construction and post construction period.

(3) Monitor construction method, activities and timing during the Hilsa (Tenaulusa ilisa, a national flagship fish) migration period and assess impact/disturbance on Hilsa, Dolphins and other aquatic life.

(4) Review results of internal monitoring and verify claims through sampling check at the field level to assess whether objectives of EMP have been generally met. Involve the affected people and community groups in assessing the impacts on natural environment (air pollution, water pollution, vibration and noise pollution, erosion, hydrology etc.) and ecological environment (terrestrial and aquatic biota, breeding habitats of biology) for monitoring and evaluation purposes. Organize at least one consultation meeting with the community to understand any additional environmental issues during the construction period.

(5) Review the detail plan for establishing sanctuary, preferably within the impacted area, to support /protect aquatic and terrestrial habitat and monitor its development

(6) Monitor implementation of Dredging Spoil Management Plan and Emergency Flood/erosion Response Plan and Tree Plantation in the resettlement sites, approach roads and other appropriate available areas within project area.

(7) Monitor the Proper Top Soil Stripping, Storage and Reuse of construction materials and development of Visitors‟ Center, and Environmental Management System of BBA etc. as per EAPs.

(8) Verify expenditure & adequacy of budget, and auditing for execution of the EMPs of the implementing NGO/consulting firm/agency of the PMBP.

(9) Review and monitoring of any unanticipated impacts on the natural environment in any char located within 15-Km upstream and 7 km downstream due to erosion and flooding during construction and post-construction periods of the project.

(10) To review the Occupational Health and Safety Plan and Practices for the project and monitor the workers, project personnel and public safety at the construction sites, construction camps, project offices and other project premises.

143

(11) To review the incorporated environmental specification for protection of environment in the Bidding document for all project components and monitor its proper execution during construction stage.

(12) To monitor the plantation program including bamboo and banana at community level and report on quarterly basis the progress.

D. Methodology and Approach The general approach to be used to monitor and evaluate the activities under implementation of SAP is to ensuring participation of all stakeholders including PAPs, women and vulnerable groups. Monitoring tools should include both quantitative and qualitative methods. The external monitor should reach out to cover under

10% PAPs who had property, assets, incomes and activities severely affected by Project works and had to relocate either to resettlement sites or who chose to self-relocate, or whose source of income was severely affected.

10% of persons who had property, assets, incomes and activities marginally affected by Project works and did not have to relocate;

10% of those affected by off-site project activities by contractors and sub-contractors, including employment, use of land for contractor's camps, pollution, public health etc.;

10% of the people of the charlands within designated areas those will be impacted due to project. Similarly the approach to be used to monitor and evaluate the activities under implementation EAP as follows

Establish indicators for monitoring the environmental compliance according to EAP. If necessary quality assurance monitoring will be done through analytical testing of the important quality parameters for water, air, soil pollution as well as dredging materials, noise and vibration pollution.

Monitor about 10% of performance indicators in EMP

Verify the accuracy of EIA prediction and determine the effectiveness of measures and evaluate the success in mitigations and enhancement measures.

Supplemented by key informant interviews (KII) and Focused Group Discussions (FGD) which would allow the monitors to consult a range of stakeholders (local government, resettlement field staff, NGOs, community leaders, and, most importantly PAPs), community public meetings, and open public meetings at host areas and resettlement sites to elicit information about performance of various SAP/EAP activities. E. Institutional Responsibilities and Supervision Stakeholders 1. Bangladesh Bridge Authority

Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) through its Project Management Office at headquarters and in the RU-field offices will ensure timely supply of background references, data and project options to the independent monitor. It will ensure uninterrupted access to work sites, relevant offices of the GOB and BBA in particular. The independent external monitor will sit in quarterly coordination meetings with the BBA staff including Safeguard unit (Environment and Resettlement) in presence of the CSC and MSC, and the BBA should organize that at PMO Head Quarter or Field level as appropriate.

144

Recommendation based on the result of the monitoring should be offered to BBA to cover up the deficiencies identified by the external monitor. BBA will accept the recommendations of the external monitor if it is within the scope of work and there is nothing incorrect in the report.

2. Implementing NGOs: The RAP implementing NGO will assist and co-operate the external monitor through providing free access to its database and the automated management information system (MIS). It will provide copies of the progress reports and other reports as requested by the external monitor. Similarly, the public health care provider and other associated agencies (for example, upazila health complex) will provide access to their database and assist in carrying out the monitoring. The NGO/Consulting firm may be required to carry out surveys as well for fulfilment of the requirements of the external monitoring. 3. Construction Supervision Consultant

The supervision consultant will provide appropriate protocol at site or at its Project Office for the mission of the EMA. It will on behalf of BBA ensure free access to work sites, impact areas and the database on resettlement and civil works. The supervision consultant will ensure timely intimation of its civil works planning as and when made or updated during the construction period and keep the external monitoring and evaluation consultant informed.

4. Management Support Consultant

The management consultant will also provide appropriate protocol at site or at its Project Office for the mission of the EMA. It will on behalf of BBA ensure free access to work sites, impact areas and the database on resettlement and civil works. The management consultant will also ensure timely intimation of its civil works planning as and when made or updated during the construction period with providing constant information to the external monitoring and evaluation consultants. 5. Panel of Experts (POE)

The POE of the co-financiers‟ will keep closer look into the activities of the external monitor in light of the environment and social safeguard strategy and the involuntary resettlement guideline. It will ensure timely response from the EA on queries and recommendations from the independent monitor. F. Team Composition of the External Monitoring Agency The EMA should focus on field based research on institutional arrangement, implementation strategy, policy objectives, and the targets. Data collection, processing and analysis to pin point problem areas and weaknesses, and to throw light on deserving measures to achieve the objectives on schedule should be the special interest of the subject. Further, it is essential that the central team or field level coordinators responsible for monitoring, are skilled and trained in data base management, interview technique, and analysis the environmental/social and economic/finance issues. Keeping in mind these criteria, two project field offices will be set up in both sides of project area (Mawa end and Jangira end) and the team should ideally include professional staff resources with the field of specialization and skills as shown in Table 1.

Table 3: Professional Staff with Qualification and Experience: Position/expertise Qualification and experience

1. Team Leader/ Implementation Specialist

Masters degree preferably in social science with 15 years of working experience in planning, implementation and monitoring of social development in large infrastructure projects. Experience in institutional performance analysis and implementation arrangement for preparation and implementation of safeguard plans and familiar with latest social/environmental safeguard policies of the co-financiers and Government of Bangladesh.

145

2. Social Impact Assessment Specialist

Masters degree preferably in social science with 15 years of working experience in social impact assessment including census and socioeconomic surveys, stakeholders‟ consultation, and analyzing social impacts to identify mitigation measures in compliance with social safeguard policies of the development financing institutions and national legislations on land acquisition. Experience of preparing resettlement framework and action plans and implementation of plans for externally funded large projects is essential.

3. Gender Specialist Masters degree preferably in social science with 15 years of working experience in relevant field; Thorough knowledge of gender issues and their implications in development projects; research and work experience relating to gender issues; and knowledge and techniques and their applications in mobilizing community participation in development programs.

4. System Analyst Science graduate preferably in computer science with working experience and knowledge of software development, preferably relational, those are most commonly used in Bangladesh; demonstrated ability to design and implement automated MIS(s) for monitoring progress, comparing targets with achieved progress and the procedural steps.

5. Public Health Specialist Masters in Public Health/ MBBS with at least 10 years of working experience in public health management, planning, reviewing and first-hand experience in primary health care delivery (and ideally in emergency patient care) including community and stakeholders‟ consultation as well as analyzing health impacts to identify mitigation measures in compliance with social safeguard policies of the international development financing institutions and national legislations. Experience of preparing public health action plans and management of the public health plans/projects for externally financed projects is essential.

6. Economist/Financial Analyst

Masters in economics/ finance/ accounting, with 10 years of experience or chartered accountant/cost accountant with 5 years practical experience in review, assessment and auditing the project‟s financial budget and expenditure. Experience in financial analysis of SMEs and livelihood enhancement projects will be essential.

7. Environmental Engineer/ Environmental Specialist

Masters in environmental engineering/ water management /hydraulic engineering/environmental science with at least 15 years of working experience in the field of environmental assessment/management. Experience in implementation, supervision and monitoring of EMP for a donor funded large project is essential.

8. Construction Safety Specialist

Graduate in civil/construction engineering with 15 years of professional experience in construction safety of workers, employees and clients to eliminate occupational injury and illness among the construction workers and staffs. Experience in implementation, supervision and monitoring of safety aspects of EMP for a donor funded construction project is essential.

9. Ecologist Masters in Zoology/ Fisheries with at least 10 years of working experience in the field of environmental assessment as an ecologist and monitoring the biodiversity habitat.

10. Enumerators Graduate with at least 3 years of working experience in the field of social and resettlement i.e. data collection, facilitating focused group meeting, facilitating EPs in relocation, procedure of compensation payments, etc.

11. Accountant Minimum commerce graduate with at least 5 years of practical experience. Financial transaction and record keeping as per advice of the Team Leader.

12. Office Assistant Minimum HSC. Assist desk work and liaison with field operatives.

Number and overall input of EMA staff resources are estimated as shown in Table 2. However, the BBA will assess the needs periodically and may reduce or increase inputs of the EMA staffs as required.

146

Table 4 Team Composition and Staff Inputs Position No. Duration (In

years) Total Input (man-month)

A. Professionals Team Leader/ Implementation Specialist 1 5 30 Social Impact Specialist 1 5 20 Gender Specialist 1 5 15 System Analyst 1 5 10 Public Health Specialist 1 5 20 Economist/Financial Analyst 1 5 15 Environmental Engineer/ Environmental Specialist 1 5 20 Construction Safety Specialist 1 5 20 Ecologist 1 5 20 B. Support Staff Data collectors 8 5 60 Accountant 2 5 60 Office Assistant 2 5 60 G. Time Frame and Reporting The EMA will be employed over a period of 5 years with intermittent inputs from the professional team to continue one year after completion of the RAP implementation. Quarterly and annual monitoring reports should be submitted to the BBA with copies to the co-financiers. An evaluation report at the end of the project should be submitted to the BBA and concerned parties with critical analysis of the achievement of the program and performance of BBA and INGO. The external monitoring agency will provide monitoring and evaluation report covering the following aspects:

The compliance of the resettlement / environmental mitigation activities have been completed as planned and budgeted;

The extent to which the specific objectives and the expected outcomes/results have been achieved and the factors affecting their achievement or failure ;

The extent to which the overall objective of the SAP is met. Restoration of pre project or improved social and economic status, livelihood status have been achieved and the reasons for achievement / non achievement;

The compliance of the environmental monitoring of the performance indicators of the EAPs as per co-financer‟s safeguards policies and national environmental conservation rules and regulations.

The extent to which the overall objective, purpose and specific objectives of the Public Health Action Plan have been achieved, which constraints were encountered and the factors responsible for achievement or non achievement

These external monitors will carry out monitoring implementation of the different programs and submit an independent monitoring and appraisal report to the PIU, BBA and to the Co-financiers.

Major areas of improvement and key risk factors in implementation process;

Major lessons learnt; and

Recommendations. Formats for collection, laboratory analysis and presentation of monitoring data will be designed by EMA and be endorsed by BBA, consultants and panel of experts.

147

H. Qualification of the External Monitoring Agency The EMA will have at least 10 years of experience in safeguard policy analysis and implementation of similar safeguard plans (social and environment). Further, work experience and familiarity with all aspects of resettlement operations and environmental impacts assessment with mitigation measures would be desirable. NGOs/Consulting Firms having requisite capacity and experience as follows can qualify for services of an external monitoring agency for the implementation of EAP/SAP of the PMBP.

a. NGOs registered with the Social Welfare Department of the GOB, Consulting Firms registered with the Joint Stock Company.

b. The applicant should have prior experience in social and environmental surveys and implementation of plans as per guidelines on safeguard policies of any of the ADB, World Bank, JICA, DAC-OECD.

c. The applicant should have extensive experience in implementation and monitoring of resettlement plans, preparation of implementation tools, and development and operation of automated MIS for monitoring.

d. The applicant should be able to produce evidences of monitoring using structured instruments and computerized MIS with set criteria for measuring achievement.

e. The applicant should have adequate manpower with institutional capacity and expertise in the field of planning, implementation and monitoring of social development infrastructure projects as per donor's guidelines.

f. The applicant should have prior experience in preparation of environmental assessment as per guidelines of the ADB, World Bank, JICA, DAC-OECD for infrastructure projects.

g. The applicant should have prior experience in implementation and monitoring of the environmental issues during implementation of infrastructural projects as per donor's guidelines.

h. Intending NGOs/Consulting Firms may associate with other NGOs/Firms to enhance their capacity for external monitoring and evaluation of the SAP/EAP plans of the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project.

I. Budget and Logistics The budget should include all expenses such as staff salary, office accommodation, training, computer/software, transport, field expenses and other logistics necessary for field activities, data collection, processing and analysis for monitoring and evaluation work. Additional expense claims whatsoever outside the proposed and negotiated budget will not be entertained. VAT, Income Tax and other charges admissible will be deducted at source as per GOB laws.

(Md. Rafiqul Islam) Project Director

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project Bangladesh Bridge Authority

Setu Bhaban, Banani Dhaka-1212.

148

ANNEX-V: DETAIL LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT BUDGET - RAP-III

Sl. No.

Category of Losses Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj Total

A. Replacement Value of Land 1,598,292,830 443,686,509 2,508,505,557 4,550,484,896

B Stamp duty and Registration fees @ 15% of Price

239,743,925 66,552,976 376,275,834 682,572,734

C Standing Crops for acquired land 27,171,750 17,644,500 4,448,250 49,264,500

D Price of Structures 566,715,835 93,506,878 397,309,384 1,057,532,097 E Price of Trees 420,781,032 70,857,223 132,697,397 624,335,652

F Dislocation Allowance 5,144,002 1,944,573 1,701,822 8,790,397 G Reconstruction Grant (RG) 10,395,306 1,987,800 6,715,038 19,098,144

H Transfer Grant (TG) 6,164,415 1,168,595 4,058,477 11,391,487

I One Time Special Assistance for vulnerable, woman and disabled

4,630,000 2,090,000 3,915,000 10,635,000

J Loss of income from diplaced commercial presmises

44,797,125 1,239,300 69,663,545 115,699,970

K Temporary loss of income of wage earners

14,111,400 8,105,400 8,073,600 30,290,400

L Dislocation Allowance for loss of income 768,500 27,400 2,639,200 3,435,100

M Others -

1 Social Development Fund for Income Restoration Assistance

L.S 16,000,000 5,000,000 25,000,000 46,000,000

2 Adverse impact on Host population L.S 170,000,000 100,000,000 100,000,000 370,000,000

3 Land Development Cost for self relocated HH

60,000,000 60,000,000 60,000,000 180,000,000

4 Special Assistance for affected CRP L.S 10,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 25,000,000

5 STI Management Program L.S 25,100,000 3,000,000 6,000,000 34,100,000 6 External Monitoring L.S 25,000,000 3,000,000 6,000,000 34,000,000

7 Implementation of SDf/PHAP L.S 1,000,000 1,000,000 3,000,000 5,000,000

8 Administrative overhead for Land Acquisition for DCs

L.S 31,965,857 8,873,730 50,170,111 91,009,698

9 NGO Operations for 5 years L.S 40,000,000 20,000,000 30,000,000 90,000,000

10 Capacity building for BBA-RU L.S 6,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 17,000,000

11 Mawa Fish Market Relocation LS 0 0 30,000,000 30,000,000 12 Kali Mondir & Cobbler community

rehabilitationLS 0 0 20,000,000 20,000,000

Total 3,323,781,976 925,684,885 3,856,173,215 8,105,640,075

N Contingency (10% of Total) 332,378,198 92,568,488 385,617,321 810,564,008

Grand Total (Total + K) 3,656,160,174 1,018,253,373 4,241,790,536 8,916,204,083

149

RAP-III BUDGET, MUNSHIGANJ DISTRICT

Sl. No. Category of Losses Unit Quantity

Rate (District average)

Amount in BDT

A. Replacement Value of Land 1 Agricultural land acre 59.31 868,219,122 2 Chala acre 13.66 253,344,699 3 Vita/bari acre 60.23 1,099,847,505 4 Ditch/doba acre 42.13 160,066,623 5 Pond acre 0.72 2,781,000 6 Orchard acre 0 0 7 Rivere acre 0.47 1,254,148 8 Khal/road acre 34.12 122,992,460 9 Others acre 0 0 Sub-Total 210.64 2,508,505,557

B. Stamp duty and Registration fees @ 15% of Price

376,275,834

Sub-Total 376,275,834 C. Standing Crops for acquired land acre 59.31

75,000 4,448,250

Sub-Total 4,448,250 D. Price of Structures 1 Katcha sft.

121,215 309

37,455,435

2 Semi pucca sft. 26,273

1,913

50,260,249

3 Pucca sft. 5,988

4,185

25,059,780

4 Tin sft. 352,404

800

281,923,200

5 Thached sft. 31,080

84 2,610,720

Sub-Total 397,309,384 E. Price of Trees

1 Timber trees 14,851

80,812,047

2 Fruit-bearing trees 15,447

39,198,713

3 Medicinal trees 411

940,587

4 Fuel trees 1,625

5,779,035

5 Banana 9,953

3,899,077

6 Papaya 963

456,169

7 Bamboo 6,367

1,521,585

8 Others 196

90,184

Sub-Total 132,697,397

150

49,813 F. Dislocation Allowance 1 Agricultural land acre 59.31

5,500 326,205

2 Chala/Viti/bari/orchard acre 73.89 11,700

864,513

3 Ditch/water/pond/khal/road/river acre 77.44 6,600

511,104

Sub-total 1,701,822 G. Reconstruction Grant (RG) 1 House Hold sft.

437,041 12 5,244,492

2 Commercial sft. 90,506

15 1,357,590

3 CRP sft. 9,413

12 112,956

Sub-Total 6,715,038 H. Transfer Grant (TG) 1 House Hold sft.

437,041 7 3,059,287


10 905,060

3 CRP sft. 9,413

10 94,130

Sub-Total 4,058,477 I. One Time Special Assistance

1 Female Headed and Disabled Households Hardcore poor HH

no. 174

5,000

870,000

2 Disabled Headed Male no. 39 5,000

195,000

3 Hardcore Poor no. 57 5,000

285,000

4 PAH > 10% of their loss due agri. no. 52 5,000

260,000

5 House Hold losing business enterprises no. 461

5,000

2,305,000

Sub-Total 3,915,000 J. Income Restoration Grant

I. Loss of Income from displaced commercial/Industrial premises (owner operated)

1 Katcha sft. 18,302

175

3,202,850


1,500

16,326,000

3 Pucca sft. 962

2,000

1,924,000

4 Tin sft. 60,255

800

48,204,000

5 Thached sft. 103

65 6,695

151

II. Temporary loss of income (wage erners in Agriculture and commercial & Industry)

1 Farm Labour unskilled no. 42 19,800

831,600

2 Non-farm Labour unskilled no. 235

13,200

3,102,000

3 Skilled non-farm labour no. 230

18,000

4,140,000

III. Dislocation Allowance for loss of Income

1 For rented out residential/ commercial premises

no. 319 4,000

1,276,000

2 For rented in residential/ commercial accommodation (Renter)

no. 319 4,000

1,276,000

3 Loss of leased/mortgaged in land/ponds

no. 872 100 87,200

Sub-Total 80,376,345

K. Others 1 Social Development Fund for Income

Restoration Assistance L.S 25,000,000

2 Host Area Facilities L.S 100,000,000

3 Land Development Cost for self relocated HH

60,000,000

4 Special Assistance for affected CRP L.S 5,000,000

5 STI Management Program L.S 6,000,000 6 External Monitoring L.S 6,000,000 7 Implementation of SDf/PHAP L.S 3,000,000 8 Administrative overhead for Land

Acquisition for DCs ( 2% of land price) L.S 50,170,111

9 NGO Operations for 5 years L.S 30,000,000

10 Capacity building for BBA-RU L.S 5,000,000

11 Mawa Fish Market Relocation LS 30,000,000 12 Kali Mondir & Cobbler community

rehabilitation LS 20,000,000

Sub-Total 340,170,111

Total 3,856,173,215

L Contingency (10% of Total) 385,617,321 Grand Total (Total + K) 4,241,790,536

152

RAP-III BUDGET, SHARIATPUR DISTRICT



Amount in BDT

A. Replacement Value of Land 1 Agricultural land acre

235.26

383,187,921 2 Chala acre - - 3 Vita/bari acre

12.04

28,201,800 4 Ditch/doba acre - - 5 Pond acre

0.05

77,860 6 Orchard acre

1.81

3,522,803 7 Khal/Road acre

0.23 - -

8 River acre 73.75

28,696,125

9 Others acre - - Sub-Total

323.14 443,686,509


66,552,976

Sub-Total 66,552,976

C. Standing Crops for acquired land acre 235.26 75,000

17,644,500

Sub-Total 17,644,500 D. Price of Structures 1 Katcha sft.

51,342 309

15,864,678

2 Semi pucca sft. - 1,913

0

3 Pucca sft. - 4,185

0

4 Tin sft. 95,084

800

76,067,200

5 Thached sft. 18,750

84 1,575,000

Sub-Total 93,506,878 E Price of Trees I. Timber trees no.

4,223 24,945,437

II. Fruit-bearing trees no. 14,585

23,487,999

III. Medicinal trees no. 4,657

2,125,033

IV. Fuel trees no. 1,105

1,792,200

V. Banana no. 40,181

14,384,115

VI. Papaya no. 1,425,375

153

3,380 VII. Bamboo no.

6,431 1,657,025

VIII. Others no. 7,630

1,040,039

Sub-Total 82,192

70,857,223

F Dislocation Allowance 1 Agricultural land acre

235.26 5,500

1,293,930

2 Chala/Viti/bari/orchard acre 13.85

11,700

162,045

3 Ditch/water/pond/khal/road/river acre 74.03

6,600

488,598

Sub-total 1,944,573 G Reconstruction Grant (RG) 1 House Hold sft.

161,055 12 1,932,660


15 28,440

3 CRP sft. 2,225

12 26,700

Sub-Total 1,987,800 H Transfer Grant (TG) 1 House Hold sft.

161,055 7 1,127,385


10 18,960

3 CRP sft. 2,225

10 22,250

Sub-Total 1,168,595 I One Time Special Assistance 1 Female Headed and Disabled

Households Hardcore poor HH no. 49

5,000 245,000


50,000


250,000


1,415,000

5 One Time Special Assistance for business loss

no. 26 5,000

130,000



1 Katcha sft. 444 175

77,700

2 Semi pucca sft. 0 1,500

0

3 Pucca sft. 0 0

154

2,000 4 Tin sft.

1,452 800

1,161,600

5 Thached sft. 0 65 0 II. Temporary loss of income (wage

erners in Agriculture and commercial & Industry)

1 Farm Labour unskilled no. 377 19,800

7,464,600

2 Non-farm Labour unskilled no. 24 13,200

316,800

3 Skilled non-farm labour no. 18 18,000

324,000



no. 0 4,000

0


no. 0 4,000

0


no. 274 100 27,400

Sub-Total 9,372,100

K. Others


L.S 5,000,000

2 Host Area Facilities L.S 100,000,000 3 Land Development Cost for self

relocated HH 60,000,000

4 Special Assistance for affected CRP L.S 10,000,000 5 STI Management Program L.S 3,000,000 6 External Monitoring L.S 3,000,000 7 Implementation of SDf/PHAP L.S 1,000,000 8 Administrative overhead for Land

Acquisition for DCs ( 2% of RV of land) L.S 8,873,730

9 NGO Operations for 5 years L.S 20,000,000 10 Capacity building for BBA-RU L.S 6,000,000

Sub-Total 216,873,730

Total 925,684,885

L Contingency (10% of Total) 92,568,488

Grand Total (Total + K) 1,018,253,373

155

RAP-III BUDGET, MADARIPUR DISTRICT



Amount in BDT

A. Replacement Value of Land 1 Agricultural land acre 362.29 896,962,347 2 Chala acre 0 0 3 Vita/bari acre 149.93 556,440,888 4 Ditch/doba acre 0.09 108,459 5 Pond acre 2.13 4,473,000 6 Orchard acre 5.32 14,892,276 7 Khal/road acre 1.92 5,123,328 8 River acre 198.13 120,292,532 9 Others acre 0 0 Sub-Total 719.81 1,598,292,830


239,743,925

Sub-Total 239,743,925 C. Standing Crops for acquired land acre 362.29

75,000 27,171,750

Sub-Total 27,171,750 D. I. Price of Structures 1 Katcha sft.

229,822 309 71,014,998


1913 24,432,836

3 Pucca sft. 7,701

4185 32,228,685

4 Tin sft. 542788 800 434,230,400 5 Thached sft. 57249 84 4,808,916 Sub-Total 566,715,835

E. Price of Trees I. Timber trees

32,779 190,719,126

II. Fruit-bearing trees 62,606

142,399,376

III. Medicinal trees 5,930

4,579,752

IV. Fuel trees 4,891

14,343,178

V. Banana trees 109,398

40,641,512

VI. Papaya 6,960

3,317,336

VII. Bamboo 96,225

24,300,005

VIII. Others 3,627

480,747

Sub-Total 322,416

420,781,032

F. Dislocation Allowance

156

1 Agricultural land acre 362.29 5,500

1,992,595

2 Chala/Viti/bari/orchard acre 155.25 11,700

1,816,425

3 Ditch/water/pond/khal/road/river acre 202.27 6,600

1,334,982

Sub-total 5,144,002 G. Reconstruction Grant (RG) 1 House Hold sft.

779,635 12 9,355,620


15 956,610

3 CRP sft. 6,923

12 83,076

Sub-Total 10,395,306 H. Transfer Grant (TG) 1 House Hold sft.

779,635 7 5,457,445


10 637,740

3 CRP sft. 6,923

10 69,230

Sub-Total 6,164,415 I. One Time Special Assistance 1 Female Headed and Disabled

Households Hardcore poor HH no. 197

5,000 985,000


215,000


895,000


580,000

5 House Hold losing Business Enterprises

391 5,000

1,955,000



1 Katcha sft. 10,125

175

1,771,875

2 Semi pucca sft. 519

1,500

778,500

3 Pucca sft. - 2,000

0

4 Tin sft. 52,780

800

42,224,000

5 Thached sft. 350

65 22,750

II. Temporary loss of income (wage erners in Agriculture and commercial & Industry)

1 Farm Labour unskilled no. 4,098,600

157

207 19,800 2 Non-farm Labour unskilled no.

329 13,200

4,342,800

3 Skilled non-farm labour no. 315

18,000

5,670,000



no. 83 4,000

332,000


no. 83 4,000

332,000


no. 1,045

100

104,500

Sub-Total 59,677,025 K. Others


L.S 16,000,000

2 Host Area Facilities L.S 170,000,000 3 Land Development Cost for self

relocated HH 60,000,000

4 Special Assistance for affected CRP L.S 10,000,000 5 STI Management Program L.S 25,100,000 6 External Monitoring L.S 25,000,000 7 Implementation of SDf/PHAP L.S 1,000,000 8 Administrative overhead for Land

Acquisition for DCs ( 2% of land price) L.S 31,965,857

9 NGO Operations for 5 years L.S 40,000,000 10 Capacity building for BBA-RU L.S 6,000,000

Sub-Total 385,065,857 Total 3,323,781,976

L Contingency (10% of Total) 332,378,198

Grand Total (Total + K) 3,656,160,174

178

Annex VII Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (Land Acquisition) Act 2009 (Act 31

of 2009)