ALIAS Conference, 1-2 October 2014, Florence, Italy

Michael StandarChief Strategies & International Relations

- RPAS - INTRODUCTION TO PANEL SESSION

What are Unmanned Aircraft?

• DRONES?• UAV?• Unmanned aircraft systems• Autonomous aircraft• ???????????????• NO!!! They are called Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems

(RPAS)RPAS) and they are a subset of UASUAS!• Remote pilot station or ground station• Data link• Remote piloted aircraft

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D-D-D• Dull• Dangerous• Dirty

• Business case• Able to fly longer• Closer to obstacles• Hazardous conditions• Benefits to society• Benefits to manned aviation

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RPAS ARE AIRCRAFT

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Why can’t they fly together with manned aircraft yet?

• Three simple principles:– Not negatively impact manned operations– Be transparent to other airspace users and ATC– As safe as manned aviation

• Adapt to the current and future ATM and Aviation environment!

• Three simple principles – However, the regulatory and technical challenges are not that simple

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RPAS what is your perception?

EUROPEAN AVIATION SYSTEM

• Conservative• Lead in time at least 5 years• RPAS integration driven by innovation and business needs

– Sensors – ”payload”

• RPAS just another airspace user• <150 kg State specific (for now)

Civil and military have same integration obstacles

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Paving the way toward RPAS integration

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Or societal benefits?

THEY ALL WANT THEY ALL WANT AIRSPACE ACCESSAIRSPACE ACCESS

MAIN OBJECTIVE

Safe integration of civil and mil RPAS operations into the European aviation and ATM system from 2016

– Phased integration (scalability)– Non-segregated ATM environments – SESAR COMPLIANT – Integrated into the European

ATM Master Plan

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GENERIC INTEGRATION CHALLENGES (1)

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GENERIC INTEGRATION CHALLENGES (2)

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• DATA LINK requirements

• SPECTRUM

GENERIC INTEGRATION CHALLENGES (3)

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SEE & AVOIDRules of the AIR

R&D GAP ANALYSIS

Identification of gaps in technology or procedures led to the following topics:

• Detect & Avoid• Human factors• C2 (Command & Control)• Contingency – e.g loss of link, …• Security• SESAR compliance

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What is the state of play

• 15 countries have regulation (not harmonised)– 6 allow operations under strict conditions

• 2200+ civil approved commercial companies and growing

• Most operators and manufacturers have no aviation back ground or ATM knowledge

• Economic potential estimated at several billions before end 2020

• Pragmatic European approach………

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Paving the way toward RPAS integration

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EUROPEAN APPROACH

• 5 workshops across interest groups• European Comission Staff working paper• Development of 3 roadmaps

– Regulatory– R&D– Complementary measures

• European RPAS European Aviation System integration roadmap

• Call for RPAS Demos and trials from SJU linked to ATM master plan

• European Roadmap was launched 20 June Paris Airshow

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TYPES OF OPERATIONS

Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)

Visual Flight Rules (VFR)

500 ft--------------------------------------------------- 500 ft

Very Low Level Operations• Visual Line of sight (VLOS)• Extended- Visual line of sight (E-VLOS)• Beyond visual line of sight (B-VLOS)

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IMPACT OF RPAS ON ATM BELOW 500 ft (1)

• ANSP• Responsibility for FIR• Flight planning?

• Airspace users• Rules of the air• Detectability

• CTR• Separation between IFR/VFR and RPAS ( non IFR/VFR)

• Traditional products• NOTAMS• MET• Terrain and obstacle data

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IMPACT OF RPAS ON ATM BELOW 500 ft (2)

• Transition • Into area below 500ft• Out of area below 500ft

• Infrastructure• SUR Tracking capability (if required)• Spectrum availability

• Contingency• Impact on GPS outage (B-VLOS)• Loss link

• Security • Physical• cyber

RPAS R&D ATM INTEGRATION PERSPECTIVE

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R&D

Objectives

E-VLOS

Small R&D effortVLOS

B-VLOS

IFR/VFR

OPE

RATI

ON

S BA

SED

APP

ROAC

HO

PERA

TIO

NS

BASE

D A

PPRO

ACH

Small R&D effort

Large R&D effort

Large R&D effort

European Roadmap – ICAO GANP/ASBU´s

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• Definition phase started – in progress – involvement of stakeholders/partners

• Descriptions of work to be incorporated into the SESAR 2020 Programme covering all ”pipeline phases”

• Input to the ATM Master Plan Roadmaps of technologies

– Content view– Business view– ICAO Global Plan ASBU alignment/support

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SESAR 2020 – RPAS Integration

Global Cooperation & Interoperability

EC/FAA Coordination

Standards built on SESAR and NextGen

developments will support harmonised Implementation and

Regulation

Programme level coordination enhanced by interoperability and wider industry buy-in.

Global consensus to ensure world-wide

interoperability.

EU-US MoCSESAR-NextGen

Coordination Activities

EUROCAE WGRTCA SC

ICAO GANP/ASBU´s

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Conclusion

•New airspace user•Driven by innovation and business needs – roles & reponsibilities, liabilities•The European Roadmap and current practices will be the baseline for the integration to be successful and described in the European ATM Master Plan•New issues to be solved - proposes opportunities/constraints to aviation•Automation is key and need to be balanced to keep the human-in-the-loop – system resiliance

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Thanks for your attention

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