r&s®tmu9/r&s®tmv9 air-cooledtransmitter families · featuringoutputpowerof600...
TRANSCRIPT
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R&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9Air‑CooledTransmitter FamiliesMaximum flexibility, minimum TCO
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R&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9 Air‑Cooled Transmitter FamiliesAt a glance
The R&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9 transmitter families offer unique flexibility by providing more than 50 different standard configurations. Featuring efficiency of up to 42 % for UHF and up to 50 % for VHF, they achieve the highest energy savings on the market. Plus, the simple system configuration allows quick startup. The high availability of the R&S®TMU9 ensures unsurpassed reliable operation. And its compact size saves space at the transmitter site.
The R&S®TMU9 air-cooled transmitters attain output powersintheUHFrangefrom300 Wto3.0 kWfordigitalstandardsandupto4.75kWforanalogstandards.IntheVHFrange,theR&S®TMV9achievesupto4.3kWfordigi-talaudiobroadcastinganddigitalTV,andupto6.9 kWforanalogTV.Thetransmittersareaccommodatedinonlyonerack,savingalotofspaceatthetransmittersite.
Withefficiencyvaluesofupto30%forUHFandupto41%forVHFinnormalmode,thetransmitterssaveagreatdealofenergyandsignificantlyreduceCO2 emis-sions.TheDohertyarchitectureforboostingefficiencyevenincreasesthesefigurestoupto42%forUHFandupto50%forVHF.Thesefiguresareunparalleledonthemar-ket,makingtheR&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9transmitterfami-liestheglobalbenchmarkforbroadcasttransmitterswithoptimizedoperatingcosts.
Thetransmittersfeatureuniquesystemvariability.Innova-tiveconfigurations,suchasMultiTXorN+1systemsinasinglerack,andbuilt-inbandpassfiltersensureshortdeliverytimesevenforspecialtransmitterconfigurations.Excellentefficiencyandtheintegrationofmultipletrans-mittersintoasinglerackreducethetotalcostofowner-ship(TCO)ofatransmittersystembymorethanhalfoverthesystem’slifetime.
Key facts ❙ Efficiencyofupto42%forUHFandupto50%forVHF ❙ Uniqueflexibility ❙ Small footprint ❙ Quickstartup,easyoperationandhighavailability
Outstanding efficiencyUHF VHF
COFDM Dohertymode 38% 46%
Normal mode 25% 33%
ATSC Dohertymode 42% 50%
Normal mode 30% 41%
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Rohde & Schwarz R&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9Air-CooledTransmitterFamilies3
R&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9 Air‑Cooled Transmitter FamiliesBenefits and key features
Transmitters with exceptional efficiency ❙ NextlevelofefficiencythankstoDohertytechnology ❙ Voltage regulation and crest factor reduction ❙ Adaptive digital equalization ❙ Efficientamplifierlayout ▷ page5
Unique variability ❙ Flexiblesystemconfiguration ❙ R&S®TCE900–amultitalentastransmittercontrolunitand/orexciter
❙ IPtransportstreamfeedtoreduceinfrastructurecosts ❙ Simple switchover from analog to digital TV ❙ Integratedsatellitereceiverforfewercomponentsintherack ▷ page7
Small footprint ❙ Multipletransmittersinasinglerack ❙ Compactcouplerunitsintegratedifferentfunctionalities ❙ Compactcomponentswithintegratedcooling ▷ page 9
Easy handling and outstanding reliability ❙ Simplesystemconfigurationforquickstartupandexpansion
❙ Easyandefficientoperation ❙ Innovativesolutionsforincreasingavailability ▷ page 10
E5 – efficiency to the power of five TheR&S®Tx9transmittergenerationscoreswithefficiency
on five different levels: ❙ Efficiency in energyEconomical: minimum power consumption for cost savingsoversystemlifetime
❙ Efficiency in spaceSpace-saving: several transmitters and additional componentsinonerack
❙ Efficiency in operationSmooth: installation, operation and maintenance
❙ Efficiency in configurationCustomer-focused:modularsolutionsforflexiblesystemconfiguration
❙ Efficiency for a lifetimeFuture-ready:canbeexpandedtoaccommodatenew standards and technologies
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Model overview
R&S®TMV9 transmitter with three amplifiers and an
outputpowerof2.2kW(DABandDTV).
R&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9 transmitter systemNumber of amplifiers 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
UHF
Outputpower(AVG)fordigitalstandards1)
470MHzto862MHz 300W 600W 1200W 1800W 2400W 3000W –
Outputpower(syncpeak)forATV1)
470MHzto862MHz 500W 1000W 1900W 2850W 3800W 4750W –
VHF
Outputpower(AVG)fordigitalstandards1)
170MHzto230MHz 350W 750W 1450W 2200W 2900W 3600W 4300W
230MHzto254MHz 350W 700W 1350W 2050W 2700W 3350W 4000W
Outputpower(syncpeak)for ATV1)
170MHzto230MHz 600W 1200W 2350W 3500W 4650W 5800W 6900W
230MHzto254MHz 600W 1100W 2150W 3200W 4250W 5300W 6350W
Dimensions (H × W × D) 2000mm×600mm×800mm(78.74in×23.62in×31.49in)
Heightofintegrationkitfor19"third-partyrack
310 mm (12.2in)(7HU)
310 mm (12.2in)(7HU)
490 mm (19.3in) (11HU)
– – – –
Possible MultiTX configurations
NumberoftransmittersperrackwithMultiTX up to 6 up to 6 up to 3 2 – – –
N+1configurationperrackwithMultiTX 4+1 4+1 2+1 1+1 – – –
1) Beforebandpassfilter.
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Rohde & Schwarz R&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9Air-CooledTransmitterFamilies5
Transmitters with exceptional efficiency
Transmitter system with Doherty amplifier
Next level of efficiency thanks to Doherty technologyTheR&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9broadcasttransmittersevenachieveexcellentefficiencyofup30%forUHFand41%forVHFinnormalmode.
InDohertymode,theR&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9attainthenextlevelofefficiency.Thetransmitterssetbenchmarks,withupto42%forUHFandupto50%for VHF.Thetransmittersreduceenergycostsbysignificantlymorethan50%comparedwiththeaverage20%efficiencyde-liveredbyothertransmittersonthemarket.
Pout
Exciter
RFMainamplifier
Peak amplifier
Amplifier
TheR&S®PMV901amplifierfea-
turesanoutputpowerof750W
forDAB/DTVand1200WforATV.
Toattainthesevalues,Dohertytechnologyisthemethodofchoice.Thistechnologyisbasedonanarchitectureinventedinthe1930sbyWilliamH.Doherty.Ithasbeenusedsuccessfullyinwirelesscommunicationsformanyyearsandhelpstoreduceenergycosts.
The basic principle involves splitting signal amplifica-tionintotwopaths.Inthemainamplifier,onlytheaver-age signal is amplified, and no power margins have to be reservedforpeaksignalsinthispath.Thepeakamplifierisonlyusedwhenpeaksoccurinthesignal.Thisarchitec-turesavesenergyinboththemainandthepeakamplifier.
Rohde&SchwarzhasrevolutionizedthistechnologywiththeR&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9.Forthefirsttime,theampli-fierhasabroadbanddesignwhilestillmakinguseofthebasicallynarrowbandDohertyarchitecture.Eveninlargetransmitternetworksthatusemanydifferentfrequencies,itisnowpossibletoefficientlymanagethesparepartsinventory.Becausenoadditionalmodulesarerequired,themeantimebetweenfailure(MTBF)oftheamplifiersremainsunchangedwhenthistechnologyisused.
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Voltage regulation and crest factor reductionTosignificantlyincreaseefficiency,Rohde&Schwarzhasincorporated two other innovative approaches into its mixoftechnologies,inadditiontotheoptimizedsystemdesign.
Voltageregulationconsiderablyboostsefficiency.OnlyRohde&Schwarzoffersthis.ThecontrolmechanisminthetransmittercontrolunitallowstransmitterefficiencytobeoptimizedforalldigitalTVstandards.Thesignalisdecoupledbythedirectionalcoupleratthetransmitteroutput,routedbacktotheR&S®TCE900exciterandana-lyzed.Atthesametime,thesupplyvoltageforthepowertransistorsisiterativelyadjustedviathepowersuppliesintheamplifiers.Voltageregulationconsiderablyboostsef-ficiencyespeciallywhenatransmitteroperatesatreducedoutputpower.
WiththeR&S®TCE900exciter,Rohde&Schwarzisthefirstmanufacturer to offer a reduction of the crest factor for allCOFDMstandards.Thecrestfactorisreducedto8 dBwithoutanynegativeimpactonMER,improvingthetotaltransmitterefficiency.ForDVB-T2,thetonereservationmethoddefinedinthestandardcanalternativelybeusedtoreducethecrestfactor.
Adaptive digital equalizationAllR&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9configurationsfeatureadap-tivedigitalequalization(ADE)toequalizethetransmittersystemquickly,easilyandatanytime.ADEcanbeusedeitheroncewhenthesystemisputintooperationoradaptively.
Efficient amplifier layoutFeaturingoutputpowerof600 WforUHFand750WforVHF,theamplifierachievesoutstandingpowerdensity.Thepowertransistorsusesophisticated50 VLDMOStechnol-ogy.TheclosecooperationbetweenRohde&Schwarzandthe semiconductor manufacturer and the optimal match-ingofthetransistorsresultinexcellentefficiencyandprovenlong-termstabilityoftheamplifiersection.
The same amplifier can be used both in normal mode and inDohertymode.
Atechnologyfirst,passivelycooledpowersuppliesareusedinthenewair-cooledamplifiers,contributingtosys-temefficiencyandincreasingavailability.
Energy savings with the R&S®TMU9
Conventional transmitter:20 % efficiency
100 %
Energy costs
20 %savings
> 50 %savings
R&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9in normal mode
R&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9in Doherty mode
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MultiTXsystemwith
three R&S®TMU9
1.2 kWtransmittersin
onerack.
Rohde & Schwarz R&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9Air-CooledTransmitterFamilies7
Flexible system configurationTheR&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9broadcasttransmittersofferuniqueflexibility.Becausethesystemcanbeflexiblycon-figured,morethan50differentstandardsystemconfigu-rationsareavailable,ensuringshortdeliverytimesevenwhenspecialconfigurationrequirementsneedtobemet.
ThenewMultiTXconceptmakesitpossibletoinstalluptosixtransmittersinonerack.EvencompleteN+1systemscanbeaccommodatedinasinglerack.
Transmitters with up to two amplifiers can also be ordered withoutarack,allowinginstallationinrackswherespaceisstillavailableorinarackacquiredonsite.Bandpassfilters,dummyantennasandotheraccessoriescanalsobeintegratedintothetransmitterrack,savingadditionalspace.
Various air ducting configurations can be implemented, allowing the transmitter to operate both with and without ductedexhaustair.Iftheexhaustairisducted,thesystemcomeswithakitthathasapressuremonitorandensuresconstantcoolingevenifairintakefluctuates.
R&S®TCE900 – a multitalent as transmitter control unit and/or exciterTheR&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9transmitterfamiliesusetheR&S®TCE900platformintroducedwiththeR&S®THU9UHFTVtransmitterfamily.Thiscross-familyplatformal-lowsnetworkoperatorswhousemultipleR&S®Tx9trans-mitterstoeasilyandeconomicallymanagetheirsparepartsinventories.Thankstothesystem’smodularity,net-workoperatorswithbothDABandTVnetworkscanlookforwardtocostsavingssincetheywillrequirefewerspareparts.
Byinsertingsupplementaryspecificplug-inboards,thebase unit can be configured as a transmitter control unit orasanexciter,resultinginunprecedentedflexibilityfornetworkoperators.ToreconfiguretheR&S®TCE900onsiteforanotherapplication,theusersimplyneedstoexchangethemodules.Theplatformalsooffersfreeoptionslotsforexpandingitsfunctionality(e.g.byaddingasatellitereceiver).
Whenconfiguredasatransmitterorsystemcontrolunit,theR&S®TCE900ensuressmoothoperationofthetrans-mittersystem.TheR&S®TCE900connectstothedifferentsystemcomponentsviaplug-inboards.Dependingontheconfiguration,thecooling-systeminterfaceconnectstheexhaustairductsystem,whilethetransmitterinterfaceconnectstotheexciters.Thecontrolunitusesthecon-nected exciters to communicate with the amplifiers, the di-rectionalcouplerandothersystemmodulesviaCANbus.
Unique variability
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R&S®TMU9with1.2kW
DTVoutputpowerindualdrive
inaMultiTXgroup.
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Intheexciterconfiguration,acoderboardforbase-band signal processing and an RF board for RF modu-lationareaddedtotheR&S®TCE900baseunit.Theex-citerisextremelyversatile.ItcanbeusedfortheDVB-T,DVB-T2,DVB-H,ISDB-T/ISDB-TB,DTMB,ATSCandATSCMobileDTVdigitalTVstandardsaswellasforanalogTV.Equipped with the appropriate coder board, the exciter is idealfortheDAB/DAB+digitalaudiobroadcaststandardsandT-DMBMobileTVapplications.Allthesetransmissionstandardsareavailableassoftwareoptionsforeasyretro-fitting.Itisthereforenoproblemtoinstallmultiplestan-dardsinoneexciter(e.g.DVB-TandDVB-T2).TheexciterconfigurationalsoincludesaGPSreceiverthatcanbeeas-ilyactivatedviaoptionkey.
IntheR&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9,theR&S®TCE900cancom-bine the functionalities of a transmitter control unit and an exciter,allowingacompletetransmitterracktooperatewithasingleR&S®TCE900ascontrolunitandexciter.Thissavesspaceandincreasesthesystem’sMTBF.
IP transport stream feed to reduce infrastructure costsDuetoitscost-effectiveness,IPtechnologyisalsogaininggroundinbroadcastnetworks.Foralldigitalstandards,theR&S®TCE900exciteroptionallyoffersfeedingtwotrans-portstreamsredundantlyviaGigabitEthernetinterfaces.ThisalsoappliestoDAB.TransportstreamscanbefedinviaIPatanytimeusingtheEDIstandard,eliminatingtheneedforexternalIP-to-ASI/ETIgateways.Becauseitisin-tegrated in the transmitter control unit, this solution saves moneyandspace,andsimplifiesfeedmonitoring.
Simple switchover from analog to digital TVIntheyearstocome,manyoperatorswillswitchoverfromanalogtransmissiontodigitalTV.TheR&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9broadcasttransmittersfacilitatethistransition.Whentheexciterisfedwithbothanaloganddigitalinputsignals,switchovercantakeplacelocally(bypressingakey)orremotely.
Integrated satellite receiver for fewer components in the rack AmodulewithtwosatellitereceiversmakesitpossibletoreceiveuptotwoDVB-S/DVB-S2satellitestreamswith-outadditionalexternalequipment.Thissavesspaceintherackandeliminatesinvestmentcostsforadditionalinstruments.Encodedstreamscanbedecodedviathetwointegratedcommoninterfaceslots.Streamscanalsobeprocessedoutsidethetransmitterbyfeedingthemtothird-partyinstrumentsviatheintegratedIPoutputorASIoutputandreturningthemviatheIPandASIinputs.
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Rohde & Schwarz R&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9Air-CooledTransmitterFamilies9
Small footprintMultiple transmitters in a single rackThenewMultiTXconceptmakesitpossibletoaccommo-dateuptosixtransmittersina42HUrack.Functioningasasystemcontrolunit,theR&S®TCE900optionallymoni-tors the transmitters and establishes a connection to the monitoringroomviawebinterfaceorSNMP.If exhaustairisducted,theR&S®TCE900alsomonitorstheexhaustairduct.Ifthisisnotdesired,multipleautonomoustrans-mitterscanbeintegratedintoarackwithoutsharedmonitoring.
Each transmitter in a multitransmitter group can be oper-atedindualdriveconfiguration.AMultiTXsystemcanalsobequicklyandeasilyexpandedbyinstallinganadditionaltransmitter.
N+1 configurations can also be implemented in a single rack.Forexample,a4+1systemwithanoutputpowerofupto600W(UHF)and750W(VHF)canbeconfiguredinjustonerack,makingitpossibletosaveuptothreeracksor more than 3 m2pertransmittersystem(comparedwithexistingsystems).Asaresult,anenormousamountofcostscanbesavedwhenleasingsitesurface.
Compact coupler units integrate different functionalitiesThe new 6-in-1 coupler unit includes the coupler unit, an input signal splitter, harmonics filter, lightning protection, powerabsorberandthemeasuringsystems.
TheharmonicsfilterisalreadyintegratedintotheR&S®TMV9amplifier.Couplerunit,powerabsorberandmeasuringsystemsarecombinedintoonemodule.Eachcoupler unit has an optional connector for integrating a customertestpoint.Themoduleislocateddirectlybehindthe amplifiers, saving space and reducing the attenuation inthesystem.Thecompactdesignallowsfastsystemstartupandmakesitpossibletoaddatransmittertotherackquicklyandeasily.
Compact components with integrated coolingThecompactR&S®PMU901/R&S®PMV901amplifiers,only3.5heightunitsinsize,achieveanoutputpowerofupto600 WforUHFand750WforVHF.Thissavesspaceintherackforinstallingothercomponentsoradditionaltransmitters.Twointegratedfansintheamplifiersthatcanbeexchangedduringoperationallowthetransmittersys-temtooperatewithoutanexhaustairsystem.Ductedex-haustaircanbeoptionallyaddedtotheconfiguration.
TheR&S®TCE900alsosignificantlycontributestothesystem’scompactness.Theentirebackupdrivesetuprequiresonlythreeheightunits,savingmorespace.Inte-gratedlong-lifefansallowreliableoperation.Theydonotneedtobereplaced.
6-in-1couplerunitforcouplingtwoR&S®PMU901amplifiers.
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TransmitterstatusdisplayonthefrontpanelviaLEDs.
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Easy handling and outstanding reliability
An Ethernet connector, available with and without an R&S®TDU900,allowsthetransmittertobeoperatedlocallyviathewebinterface.ThetransmittercanalsobeoperatedremotelyviawebinterfaceorintegratedintoanetworkmanagementsystemviaSNMP.
Innovative solutions for increasing availabilityTheR&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9transmittersofferaninnova-tivebackupdriveredundancyconceptcomprisingonlytwoR&S®TCE900.Thetwounitsmonitorandsynchronizeeachother,makingextrahardwareformonitoringandcontrollingexciterswitchoverunnecessary.Doingawaywithaseparate,governingcontroluniteliminatestheriskofasinglepointoffailure.Thebackupdriveconfigurationoffersthefunctionalityandconvenienceofaclassicexciterredundancyconfigurationandalsoincreasestransmitteravailability.
AlltransmittersettingscanbeperformedcentrallyviaexciterA.Asaresult,asingleIPaddressissufficientforconfiguringandmonitoringthesystem.Nevertheless,thisconceptalsomakesitpossibletodirectlyaddressthesec-ondexciterviaitsownIPaddressintheeventofafailureof exciter A, allowing convenient remote diagnosis and eliminatingunnecessaryvisitstothetransmittersite.
Optionalpowersupplyredundancyfortheamplifiersalsohelpstoincreaseavailability.Normally,eachofthetwopowersuppliesdelivershalfofthenecessarycurrent.Ifone of the power supplies fails, the other delivers the full current.Thisensuresinterruption-freetransmissionevenifapowersupplyoraphaseinthefeednetworkfails.Thepowersuppliescanbeeasilyreplacedduringoperation.
Simple system configuration for quick startup and expansionThetransmitterscomefullycabled;onlyfeedcables,powersupplyandsystemmonitoringneedtobeadded.Together with the self-engaging connection of the ampli-fierwiththecoupler,powersupplyandsignalfeed,theR&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9canbeputintooperationfastandeasily.
TheR&S®TCE900isaccessiblefromthefront,allowingnewplug-inboardstobeaddedquicklyandeasily.
Easy and efficient operationEachR&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9isequippedwithastatusdisplayontheR&S®TCE900rackmounts,wherethetrans-mitterstatuscanbereadoffatanytime.Thebuttonsonthefrontpanelmakeitquickandsimpletoswitchfromremote to local operation and to switch the transmitter on andoff.
TheoptionalR&S®TDU900transmitterdisplayunitallowsfast,intuitiveoperationofthetransmittersystemviaa7"touchscreen.Theretractableunitautomaticallyslidesoutofthehousingsimplybygivingitaslightpush.Itcanbeconvenientlyturnedtothedesiredposition,forfast,user-friendlyoperation.
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Rohde & Schwarz R&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9Air-CooledTransmitterFamilies11
Specifications
Ordering informationYourlocalRohde&Schwarzexpertwillhelpyoudeterminetheoptimumsolutionforyourrequirements.TofindyournearestRohde&Schwarzrepresentative,visitwww.sales.rohde-schwarz.com
SpecificationsDigital TV
Standards DVB-T,DVB-T2,DVB-H,ISDB-T,ISDB-TB,ATSC,ATSCMobileDTV,DTMB
Channelbandwidth DVB-T,DVB-H 5/6/7/8MHz
DVB-T2 1.7/5/6/7/8MHz
ATSC 6 MHz
ISDB-T/ISDB-TB 6/8MHz
DTMB 8 MHz
Inputs DVB-T,DVB-H,DVB-T2,DTMB 2×ASI(HP/LP),75ΩBNC,2×RJ-45
ATSC 2×SMPTE310Mor2×ASI,75ΩBNC,2×RJ-45
ISDB-T/ISDB-TB 2×BTS,75ΩBNC,2×RJ-45
Digital radio/Mobil TV in the VHF band standards DAB,DAB+,T-DMB
Channelbandwidth 1.536MHz
Inputs 2×ETI,75ΩBNC/highimpedance, 2×EDI,RJ-45
Analog TV standards B/G,D/K,M2), N 2),I,I1
Colortransmission PAL,NTSC,SECAM
Sound transmission IRTdual-soundcoding,FMsinglesoundand NICAM728(−13dB/−20dB)(optional),FMsinglesound(−10dB)
Inputs 1×video(75ΩBNC),2×audio(XLR)
General data
Frequencyrange UHFbandsIV/V 470MHzto862MHz
VHFbandIII 170MHzto254MHz
Supplyvoltage ❙ 230V;2wires+PE(L1/N/PE)±15% ❙ 400V/230V;4wires+PE(L1/L2/L3/N/PE)±15% ❙ 240V;2wires+PE(L1/L2/PE)±10% ❙ 208V;4wires+PE(L1/L2/L3/N/PE)±10%
Max.installationheight 2000mabovesealevel(>2000monrequest)
Operatingtemperaturerange +1°Cto+45°C
Relativehumidity(max.) 95%,noncondensing
Immunity 1) to fast transients and bursts in linewithEC61000-4-4
<2kV(ACsupply),<1 kV(signalinputs)
to surges in line with EC61000-4-5
symmetrical<1kV(e.g.L1-L2), asymmetrical<2kV(e.g.L1-N)
Synchronization
Referencefrequency 10MHz,0.1Vto5V(Vpp)orTTL,BNC
Reference pulse 1 Hz,TTL,BNC
Operation
DisplayunitwithtouchscreenandLEDs optional localoperationanddisplay
Ethernetinterface,RJ-45 local, remote, standard web browser
optional networkmanagementinterfaceviaSNMP
Parallelremoteinterface optional floating contacts for messages and commands
1) Withbuilt-inACovervoltageprotection;morestringentrequirementsmustbesatisfiedbyimplementingappropriatemeasuresinthestations.2) Singlesound.
Tocomplywiththeapplicablestandardsandlimitvaluesforthesuppressionofout-of-bandemissions(andinthecaseofdigitalstandards,alsoformain-tainingtherequiredshoulderdistance),thetransmittermayonlybeoperatedwithsuitablefiltersattheRFoutput.
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PD3606.7353.12|Version05.01|March2018(fi)
R&S®TMU9/R&S®TMV9Air-CooledTransmitterFamilies
Datawithouttolerancelimitsisnotbinding|Subjecttochange
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Rohde & SchwarzThe Rohde & Schwarz electronics group offers innovative solutions in the following business fields: test and mea-surement, broadcast and media, secure communications, cybersecurity, monitoring and network testing. Founded more than 80 years ago, the independent company which is headquartered in Munich, Germany, has an extensive sales and service network with locations in more than 70 countries.
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