rt-faq

A specific radioactive source will always produce gamma rays at the same:

1

Intensity Activity Energy levels None of the above

2

X-rays and Gamma rays present a health risk because they are a form of ionizing radiation, which means that the radiation has enough energy to:

Vibrate water molecules and generate heat Break chemical bonds Break physical bonds None of the above

3

Radiographic inspection should be used for crack detection only when:

The crack is large The test componet is a casting The test component is a weldment The orientation of the crack is known

4 After traveling through two half-value layers, the incident radiation has been reduced to:

50% 35%

20% None of the above

5

There are four types of radiation-matter interactions that can contribute to the total attenuation. These are:

Compton scattering, pair production, photoelectric absorption, rayleigh scattering

Compton scattering, electron exchange, photoelectric absorption, rayleigh scattering

Electron exchange, pair production, photoelectric absorption, rayleigh scattering

None of the above

6

Higher energy radiation will have more:

Speed Incident Intensity Penetrating power Both B and C

7

Bremsstrahlung production of X-rays produces radiation that is composed of:

A small number of very defined energies A continuous spectrum of energies over some range Radiation of only one energy None of the above

8 Manmade sources of radioactive sources are produced by:

By splitting the nucleus of atoms in the source material Adding electrons to the source material

Introducing an extra neutron to the atoms of the source material None of the above

9

In comparison with lower-voltage radiographs, high voltage radiographic images have:

Less contrast sensitivity Greater contrast sensitivity Greater amounts of scatter radiation relative to primary beam

intensity Less latitude

10

Lowering the energy of the radiation used to produce a radiograph will generally result in:

Less latitude Higher contrast sensitivity A Longer exposure time All of the above

11

Radiation beam filters are sometime used in X-ray radiography to:

Remove some of the low energy radiation to increase definition To remove some of the low energy radiation to increase contrast

sensitivity Remove some of the low energy radiation to reduce definition Both A and B

12 Exposure to ionizing radiation can be limited:

With the use of shielding By increasing distance form the source By limiting the time exposed to the radiaiton

All of the above

13

Collimators are used to:

Reduce the radiation beam spread Filter the radiation beam Increase film latitude Decrease film latitude

14

The number of X-ray or Gamma photons that are transmitted through a material depends on the:

Energy of the photons Thickness of the material Atomic number of the material All of the above

15

Which two types of radiation-matter interactions account for the majority of attenuation in typical industrial radiography?

Compton Scattering and photoelectric absorption Compton Scattering and pair production Pair production and photoelectric absorption None of the above

16

On a film radiograph, an area of high density in the test component will appear:

Lighter than the surrounding area Darker than the surrounding area More defined than the surrounding area Less defined than the sorrounding area

17

The target of an X-ray tube is often made out of tungsten becuase:

It has a high atomic mass which will result in more X-rays being generated due to atomic particle interactions

It is an inexpensive material that is easy to machine It have very high thermal conductivity which makes it easy to

cool None of the above

18

X-rays and Gamma rays:

Always travel in a straight line Can be influenced by an electrical field Can be influenced by a magnetic field None of the above

19

Undercut is the loss of resolution at a sharp, thickness transition area due to:

Scattering within the part Backscatter Sidescatter Scattering within the film

20

X-rays and Gamma rays:

Are both affected by radioactive decay Are both produced by a radioactive atom Have completely different properties Differ only in their source

21 Newtons Inverse Square Law is useful in radiography because it indicates how the radiation intensity is affected by:

Radioactive decay Distance from the source The size of the source None of the above

22

Film contrast is determined by:

The type of film used The process by which the film was developed The radiation energy used Both A and B

23

Which of the following does not affect radiographic contrast?

Attenuation differences in the component being inspected The wavelength of the radiaiton used The amount of scattered radiation The level of current used for the exposure

24

Thin sheets of lead foil in contact with the film during exposure increase the film density because:

They act as a filter to harden the radiation beam They reduce the amount of scatter radiation Incident radiation liberates electrons which help to expose the

film None of the above

25

Attenuation of radiation is due to:

Absorption Scattering Radioactive decay Both A and B

26

X-rays and Gamma rays are a form of:

Light Particle radiation Electromagnetic radiation Both B and C

27

When penetrating radiation is directed at a material, the radiation intensity decreases:

Decreases exponentially with increasing material thickness Increase linearly with increasing material thickness Decrease linearly with increasing material thickness None of the above

28

Two of the more common industrial Gamma-ray sources are:

Cobalt-60 and iridium-192 Cobalt-60 and plutonium-240 Plutonium-240 and uranium-222 Iridium-192 and Lead-102

29

The factor that indicates how much attenuation will take place per centimeter is known as the:

Mass attenuation coefficient Linear attenuation coefficient Decay rate Atomic number

30 Ionizing radiation can be used in industrial radiography because the health hazards:

Have been eliminated with controls and procedures

Are minimized through controls and procedures Are worth the risk Are being ignored

31

A radiograph made with an exposure of 8 mAm produces a density of 1.8. The sensitometric curve shows a difference in relative exposure between a density of 1.8 and the target density of 2.5 is 4. What must the new exposure time be to produce a radiograph with a density of 2.5?

4 mAminutes 2 mAminutes 32 mAminutes None of the above

32

Image quality indicators (IQIs) provide information about the level of:

Resolution and contrast sensitivity Resolution and film latitude Contrast sensitivity and latitude Contrast sensitivity only

33

Unexposed X-ray film is comprised of a plastic, transparent base coated with an emulsion containing radiation-sensitive particle known as:

Metalic silver crystals Silver halide grains Both A and B Neither A or B

34 Which of the following is not a strength of radiographic inspection?

It is not limited to material type It can be used to inspect assembled components It can detect surface and subsurface features Access to both side of the test sample is required

35

Computed tomography X-ray techniques allow the test component to be:

Viewed in various cross-sectional slices Viewed from different angles Analyzed for chemical composition None of the above

36

When flaws are in unknown locations, radiography is best suited for the detection of:

Volumetric defects such as porosity Tight linear defects such as cracks Material delaminations The flaw type does not matter

37

Image quality indicators are usually placed:

Anywhere on the back side of the film On the front side of the film near the primary area of interest On the front side of the test component in an area of similar

thickness to the primary area of interest On the back side of the test component in the area of interest

38 X-ray generators produce radiation through:

Bremsstrahlung processes K-shell emmission processes Radioactive decay

Both A and B

39

The drive cable of a gamma ray exposure device (camera) allows the radiographer to:

Turn on and shut off the gamma rays from a safe distance Adjust the position of the camera from a safe distance Move the source in and out of the camera while maintaining a

safe distance None of the above

40

Radiographic contrast describe:

The sharpness of lines in a radiograph The differences in photographic density in a radiograph The average photographic density in a radiograph The difference in density between two different radiographs

41

When using geometric magnefication to produce a radiograph, the penumbra will be reduced by:

A longer exposure A faster film speed A smaller source spot size More X-ray energy

42

The thickness of any given material where 50% of the incident energy has been attenuated is known as the:

Half-value layer Linear attenuation coefficient Decay rate Mass attenuation coefficient

43

The amount of geometric unsharpness in a radiograph is affected by:

The source to film distance The source to object distance The size of the source All of the above

44

X-rays and Gamma rays have significant penetrating power due to their:

Short wavelength Medium wavelength Long wavelength Wide range of wavelengths

45

X-rays and Gamma rays are often referred to as photons because:

They possess a charge They have mass They occur as small packets of energy None of the above

46

The rate at which a radioactive isotope changes to a more stable atom is know as the:

Isotope decay rate Half-life Activity Attenuation

47 The main advantage of real-time radiography over film is:

Higher image contrast sensitivity

Inspection can be performed more rapidly Higher image definition Lower equipment costs

48

Who is given credit for the discovery of X-ray?

Henri Becquerel Wilhelm Roentgen Marie Curie Pierre Curie

49

Stationary lab or shop X-ray systems usually rely on what to limit exposure to the radiation?�

Distance controls Time limits Shielding All of the above

50

Who is given credit for the discovery of radioactive materials?


Newtons Inverse Square Law is useful in radiography because it indicates how the radiation intensity is affected by:

Radioactive decay Distance from the source The size of the source None of the above

2

Higher energy radiation will have more:

Speed Incident Intensity Penetrating power Both B and C

3



4

Manmade sources of radioactive sources are produced by:

By splitting the nucleus of atoms in the source material Adding electrons to the source material Introducing an extra neutron to the atoms of the source material None of the above

5

Image quality indicators are usually placed:



6 X-rays and Gamma rays are a form of:

Light Particle radiation

Electromagnetic radiation Both B and C

7

A radiograph made with an exposure of 8 mAm produces a density of 1.8. The sensitometric curve shows a difference in relative exposure between a density of 1.8 and the target density of 2.5 is 4. What must the new exposure time be to produce a radiograph with a density of 2.5?

4 mAminutes 2 mAminutes 32 mAminutes None of the above

8



9

X-ray generators produce radiation through:

Bremsstrahlung processes K-shell emmission processes Radioactive decay Both A and B

10 Bremsstrahlung production of X-rays produces radiation that is composed of:

A small number of very defined energies A continuous spectrum of energies over some range Radiation of only one energy

None of the above

11

Attenuation of radiation is due to:

Absorption Scattering Radioactive decay Both A and B

12



13





14



15



16



17



18



19 Undercut is the loss of resolution at a sharp, thickness transition area due to:

Scattering within the part Backscatter

Sidescatter Scattering within the film

20

Which of the following is not a strength of radiographic inspection?

It is not limited to material type It can be used to inspect assembled components It can detect surface and subsurface features Access to both side of the test sample is required

The thickness of any given material where 50% of the incident energy has been attenuated is known as the:

Half-value layer Linear attenuation coefficient Decay rate Mass attenuation coefficient

2

Ionizing radiation can be used in industrial radiography because the health hazards:

Have been eliminated with controls and procedures Are minimized through controls and procedures Are worth the risk Are being ignored

3



4



5

When penetrating radiation is directed at a material, the radiation intensity decreases:

Decreases exponentially with increasing material thickness Increase linearly with increasing material thickness Decrease linearly with increasing material thickness None of the above

6

Computed tomography X-ray techniques allow the test component to be:

Viewed in various cross-sectional slices Viewed from different angles Analyzed for chemical composition None of the above

7

The drive cable of a gamma ray exposure device (camera) allows the radiographer to:

Turn on and shut off the gamma rays from a safe distance Adjust the position of the camera from a safe distance Move the source in and out of the camera while maintaining a

safe distance None of the above

8

There are four types of radiation-matter interactions that can contribute to the total attenuation. These are:

Compton scattering, pair production, photoelectric absorption, rayleigh scattering

Compton scattering, electron exchange, photoelectric absorption, rayleigh scattering

Electron exchange, pair production, photoelectric absorption, rayleigh scattering

None of the above

9

Undercut is the loss of resolution at a sharp, thickness transition area due to:

Scattering within the part Backscatter Sidescatter Scattering within the film

10

Radiographic contrast describe:

The sharpness of lines in a radiograph The differences in photographic density in a radiograph The average photographic density in a radiograph The difference in density between two different radiographs

11

The main advantage of real-time radiography over film is:

Higher image contrast sensitivity Inspection can be performed more rapidly Higher image definition Lower equipment costs

12



13

The number of X-ray or Gamma photons that are transmitted through a material depends on the:

Energy of the photons Thickness of the material Atomic number of the material All of the above

14

X-rays and Gamma rays are a form of:

Light Particle radiation Electromagnetic radiation Both B and C

15

The factor that indicates how much attenuation will take place per centimeter is known as the:

Mass attenuation coefficient Linear attenuation coefficient Decay rate Atomic number

16 X-rays and Gamma rays:

Always travel in a straight line Can be influenced by an electrical field

Can be influenced by a magnetic field None of the above

17

Thin sheets of lead foil in contact with the film during exposure increase the film density because:

They act as a filter to harden the radiation beam They reduce the amount of scatter radiation Incident radiation liberates electrons which help to expose the

film None of the above

18

X-rays and Gamma rays are often referred to as photons because:

They possess a charge They have mass They occur as small packets of energy None of the above

19



20 On a film radiograph, an area of high density in the test component will appear:

Lighter than the surrounding area Darker than the surrounding area More defined than the surrounding area

Less defined than the sorrounding area

21





22

The amount of geometric unsharpness in a radiograph is affected by:

The source to film distance The source to object distance The size of the source All of the above

23

A specific radioactive source will always produce gamma rays at the same:

Intensity Activity Energy levels None of the above

24 Radiation beam filters are sometime used in X-ray radiography to:

Remove some of the low energy radiation to increase definition To remove some of the low energy radiation to increase contrast

sensitivity Remove some of the low energy radiation to reduce definition

Both A and B

25

When flaws are in unknown locations, radiography is best suited for the detection of:

Volumetric defects such as porosity Tight linear defects such as cracks Material delaminations The flaw type does not matter

26

Who is given credit for the discovery of radioactive materials?


27



28



Manmade sources of radioactive sources are produced by:

29 By splitting the nucleus of atoms in the source material Adding electrons to the source material Introducing an extra neutron to the atoms of the source material None of the above

30



31

Unexposed X-ray film is comprised of a plastic, transparent base coated with an emulsion containing radiation-sensitive particle known as:

Metalic silver crystals Silver halide grains Both A and B Neither A or B

32

The rate at which a radioactive isotope changes to a more stable atom is know as the:

Isotope decay rate Half-life Activity Attenuation

33 Image quality indicators are usually placed:



34

Exposure to ionizing radiation can be limited:

With the use of shielding By increasing distance form the source By limiting the time exposed to the radiaiton All of the above

35



rt-faq

Documents