rt15 berkeley | real-time simulation as a prime tool for cybersecurity - opal-rt
TRANSCRIPT
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Challenges in 1980
Modern and SMART transmission systems rely on control and protection systems
For performance, security and economical reasons• Fast machine AVR and PSS• SVC and FACTS• HVDC transmission and interconnections• Fast local protection and automatic systems• wide area special control and protection (SPS)
Québec
> 1000 km > 1500 km
AC/DC SMART Power system transmission-
challenges : optimizing controls, protection, FACTS, HVDC to increase performance and reliability at minimum cost
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Evolution of Integrated Power Systems :from passive to SMART Active distribution systems
Passive loads and distribution systems
AC/DC, FACTS, SPS
Transmission
Distribution
Distribution are becoming as complex and dependent on control performance as transmission network are.
Renewable energy systems (solar, wind, etc) are less preditable Use of power electronics such as HVDCs, FACTS, fast protection system Use of wide area control and protection systems (SPS) Security and performance relies on more complex controls and protection How do you design and test them s an integrated system with the grid
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Risk = Threat x Vulnerability x Consequence
Threat • Human Error • Hacker• Spy• Weather
Vulnerability• Design flaw• System failure • Cascading event • System complexity
• # of vendors • # of devices
• Testing flaws • Cascading events • Aging components
Consequence• Reduced system reliability• Economic losses• Equipment losses• Human losses • Sensitive data exposure
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PDC
ePHASORsim
HYPERSIM
eMEGAsim
EMT
311Low Voltage (±5V)
311120V – 5A
Amplifier C37.118
C37.118
Control PrototypingState Estimation
C37.118 C37.118
Telecom Simulation
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IEC 61850 – (SV)IEC 61850 – (GOOSE)
Control Commands DNP3, OPC, TCP/IP
Virtual Grid
config
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GPS spoofing (clock screw)
311
311
Simulated Grid
234d 23h54 00s 0000us
234d 23h54 00s 0100us
Simulated GPS Control
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Detection (State estimation)
311
311
• Delays• Noise• Data Losses• Packet Injection
PDC State Estimation
Validation
Custom C-Code Machine Learning HMMKalman Filters Support vectors Statistics Prbabilities
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KTH Royal Institute of Technology – WAMPAC Laboratory
SEL421 - PMU
OP5600 eMEGAsim
ABB – Line Distance - PMU
Megger V/I Amplifiers
SEL3373 - PDC
Arbiter Master GPS Subs. Clock
GPS AntennaNetwork Switch
Communication Server
Opnet, Synchrowave
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• Smart grid and Wide Area Controls (WACS) testing• PMU «Phase Measurment Unit»• PDC «Phasor Data Concentrator»• SSU «Substation Synchronous Unit»
> Local controls & Specific Protection System (SPS) testing• LID, OLD, RPS, SMCT, MB-PSS, Protection relays
Smart grid, Wide-Area Control Systems and Specific Protection System
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Real-Time Simulated Grid
Up to 20 000 Nodes (Phasor)
OPC Client (ETAP Server)
1 Licence OPAL-RT Simulator Suggested
PMU/Relays Integration
ETAP Clients
OPAL-RT OPC Server
ePHASORsim