rubbertown ngem demonstration project

Office of Research and DevelopmentCEMM AMCD

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Rubbertown NGEM Demonstration ProjectUpdate Meeting #6, Rubbertown Community Advisory Council (RCAC) Meeting,

September 12, 2019

Eben Thoma, Rachelle Duvall, and Ingrid George (for the team) EPA Office of Research and Development, RTP, NC

NRMRL Fugitive and Area Source Group

Source and Fenceline Measurements

Methods and Technology Development

Disclaimer: The research described in this presentation has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under contract EP-C-15-008 to Jacobs Technology with portions of the research conducted by EPA and the Louisville Metro Air Pollution Control District under a memorandum of understanding for cooperative research. It has been subjected to review by the Office of Research and Development and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

Rubbertown NGEM Demonstration Project

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Topics for Update Meeting #6:

(1) Brief project background and status update

(2) Overview of sites and equipment

(3) Brief description of passive sampler results

(4) Example of real-time NGEM (prototype)

(5) Description of citizen science odor project

(6) Questions and discussion

Rubbertown NGEM Demo Project Meetings - September, 2019

Rubbertown NGEM Demonstration ProjectQuick Background Review for Meeting #6

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•What is NGEM? …..Next Generation Emission Measurements – Air quality sensors – Lower cost gas chromatographs (GCs)– Passive samplers and canister grab samples– New source location modeling

•What do we want to do?– Work together to try new NGEM approaches and learn about air

pollution sources in Louisville (research)

•Who is involved in this project?– EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD), EPA Region 4,

Louisville Metro Air Pollution Control District (LMAPCD), Jacobs Technology (EPA contractor) and subcontractors to Jacobs


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•What is the project focus?

–Prototype NGEM system near Rubbertown facilities

–Select gas-phase air pollutants

• Is this a community health or exposure study?

–No, this is a NGEM technology demonstration project that may inform some aspects of emissions in Rubbertown

• Is this an enforcement or compliance activity?

–No, this is a voluntary research effort

–We will provide information to facilities, communities, etc. and publish results

Rubbertown NGEM Demonstration ProjectQuick Background Review for Meeting #6


Rubbertown NGEM Demonstration Project Status Update

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• Field work: Sept. 2017 into 2020; Data analysis: into 2021

• Passive samplers deployed for one year at 10 locations (complete)

• Experimental fenceline sensors deployed at two locations (ongoing)

• Prototype NGEM GCs deployed near the LMAPCD GC (ongoing)

• Over 200 canister grab samples acquired (ongoing)

• Demonstrating real-time fenceline sensor concept (ongoing)

• Presenting early results at meetings and in publications (ongoing)– Journal Article 1: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/11/2041– Search “Rubbertown or NGEM” at EPA Science Inventory: https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/– LMAPPCD Site: https://louisvilleky.gov/government/air-pollution-control-district/epa-

air-toxics-monitoring-project-louisville


https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/11/2041

https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/

https://louisvilleky.gov/government/air-pollution-control-district/epa-air-toxics-monitoring-project-louisville

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Hexion

ASRC

Zeon

Lubrizol

Marathon

MSD-MF

Carter Elem. School

Cane Run Elem. School

Rohm & Haas

Citgo

Marathon

PolyOne

Carbide

DuPont Eckart Al

Rubbertown Project SitesPassive samplers at all sites 01-10 Sensors and GCs at Sites 01 and 08


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Site 01 - LMAPCD Firearms Training Center (FTC)

monitoring site

Site 08 - EPA NGEM site

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Site 01 - FTC

Tricorntech NGEM GC

LMAPCD GC

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Passive SamplerSPod

Site 10

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• Two-week Passive Samplers are pretty good for:– Helping us understand spatial differences in concentrations – Helping us understand chemical source signatures

• Two-week Passive samplers are not great for:– Informing short-term concentrations or “emission events”

– Informing low absolute concentrations for some compounds*

*Small uncertainties in tube background levels, variable uptake rates, and potential back diffusion makes creates uncertainty in absolute comparisons to ambient bench marks.

Rubbertown NGEM Demonstration ProjectGeospatially Deployed Passive Samplers


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Passive Sampler Primary Compound List

Passive sampler results expressed in parts per billion by volume (ppbv or ppb) Average method detection limit (MDL) for 1,3 butadiene was approximately 0.02 ppb

*Indicates APCD Target Compound

*Benzene *Tetrachloroethene

Dichlorotetrafluoroethane Chlorobenzene

Trichlorofluoromethane *Ethylbenzene

1,1-Dichloroethene m,p-Xylene

Trichlorotrifluoroethane *Styrene

1,1-Dichloroethane o-Xylene

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 4-Ethyltoluene

1,2-Dichloroethane 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene

1,1,1-Trichloroethane m-Dichlorobenzene

*Carbon Tetrachloride o-Dichlorobenzene

1,2-Dichloropropane p-Dichlorobenzene

*Trichloroethene *1,3-Butadiene

*Toluene

Freon 114

Freon 11

Freon 113


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Notes on elevated 1,3-Butadiene concentrations

• Facilities that work with 1,3-butadiene will emit certain amounts as part of normal operations (by permit)

• We expect to see somewhat elevated levels of 1,3-butadiene very near facilities (of course, we want to understand and minimize emissions)

• 1,3-butadiene is emitted from other sources (e.g. cars and trucks)

Rubbertown NGEM Demonstration ProjectGeospatially Deployed Passive Samplers


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Hexion

ASRC

Zeon

Lubrizol

Marathon

MSD-MF

Carter Elem. School

Cane Run Elem. School

Rohm & Haas

Citgo

Marathon

PolyOne

Carbide

DuPont Eckart Al

Passive Sampler Data 1 Year of continuous measurementsA total of 26, ≈14-day sampling periods 9/12/17 to 9/12/18

1,3-Butadiene26-period approximate ()

median concentrationsEmitted by cars and trucks, facilities, and other sources

0.2 ppb

< 0.1 ppb

< 0.1 ppb

0.2 ppb

0.1 ppb

0.1 ppb


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11

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

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2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2017/2018

Stac

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trat

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s (p

pb

v)

Year of Study

Toluene

Ethylbenzene

Benzene

1,3-Butadiene

West Louisville Air Toxics Study (WLATS) 24-hour canister data in ppbv at standard conditions (μg/m3 to ppbv at 25C, 1013.25 mbar), approximate.

Comparison of WLATS Canisters and NGEM Study Passive Samples at the FTC

WLATS

WLATS

WLATS

WLATS

WLATS

Passive sampler measurements from this project

Median Values

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Sites upwind/away from facilities(S04, S06, S09 group)

Sites very near facilities

(S05, S07, S08 group)

1,3-Butadiene Concentrations by Passive Sampler: very near and upwind/away from facilities

Sept. 2017 Sept. 2018

Certain two-week average time periods are elevated

Fenceline sensors can help us understand what contributed to elevated concentrations

In the future, NGEM can help reduce emissions

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SPod-type Fenceline Sensors• Non-speciated VOC emission sensor

• Synchronized wind field measurement

• 1Hz time resolution

• Data ready for inverse models

• Can be solar-powered

• Auto canister grab sample for lab speciation

• EPA open-source design

Variations of EPA SPod

VOC Sensor

Evacuated Canister

Canister Trigger System

Wind Sensor

https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-04/documents/spod_fact_sheet.pdf

More Info


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Butane Heptane n-Decane 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene

Ethanol *1,3-Butadiene Carbon Disulfide 1,2-Diethylbenzene

iso-Pentane Isoprene 1,2-Dichloropropane 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

Propane Methylcyclopentane *Vinyl Chloride Methyl-t-Butyl-Ether

n-Pentane 2,4-Dimethylpentane Vinyl Acetate *Bromoform

Isobutane 2,3-Dimethylpentane Undecane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane

Propylene 1-Hexene *Trichloroethene cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

Chloromethane Tert-Butanol Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether trans-1,2-Dichloroethene

Dichlorodifluoromethane trans-2-pentene o-Ethyltoluene o-Cymene

Trichlorofluoromethane 2-Methylheptane n-Propylbenzene Vinyl Bromide

*Methylene Chloride Isooctane Cumene 3-Chloro-1-Propene

CFC 113 2,3-Dimethylbutane Hexachlorobutadiene Tert Amyl Methyl Ether

Acetone *Ethylbenzene *Ethyl Acetate 1,4-Dioxane

*Carbon Tetrachloride Cyclopentane Naphthalene cis-1,3-Dichloropropene

3-Methylpentane cis-2-pentene 1,1-Dichloroethene trans-1,3-Dichloropropene

2-Methylhexane Octane 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 1,1,2-Trichloroethane

n-Hexane *Acrylonitrile Acetonitrile 2-Hexanone

3-methylhexane p-Xylene 2-Chloroprene Dibromochloromethane

*Benzene Tetrahydrofuran Dodecane 1,2-Dibromoethane

*Chloroform Dichlorotetrafluoroethane 1-Ethyl-4-Methyl Benzene 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane

2-Butanone 2,2-Dimethylbutane 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene Chlorobenzene

*Toluene m-Xylene Bromomethane Tert-Butyl Benzene

Methylcyclohexane o-Xylene Chloroethane 1,3-Dichlorobenzene

1-Butene 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane Bromodichloromethane *1,4-Dichlorobenzene

2-Methylpentane 1-Pentene 1,2-Dichloroethane Sec-Butyl Benzene

Isopropyl Alcohol 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichlorobenzene

trans-2-butene Nonane *Methyl Methacrylate 1,3-Diethylbenzene

Acrolein m-Ethyltoluene *Styrene n-Butyl Benzene

Cyclohexane *Tetrachloroethene Diisopropyl ether

cis-2-butene 3-Methylheptane *4-Methy-2-Pentanone

Canister Grab Sample Compound List

*Indicates APCD Target Compound


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Site 08 SPod Source Plot on 6/19/18 During Elevated Concentration Event

S08

The canister grab sample showed elevated 1,3-butadiene and cyclohexane, agreeing with LMAPCD GC- described in (https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/11/2041)


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Demonstration of Real-time NGEM using SPod data

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Using EnviroSuite Not an endorsement of product or service

Emerging NGEM Advances May be Useful in RubbertownFHR-Molex-EPA ORD Leak Detection Sensor Network Collaboration (Texas Refinery)

Wireless

Sensors

17 Rubbertown NGEM Demo Project Meetings - September, 2019

• A multimode network system approach: sensors, software, and procedures

• Automated leak detection and alerts

• In full-scale testing in multiple process units

• Potential alternative to manual Method 21 (hand-held leak detection)

Prototype Sensor Node

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Emerging NGEM Advances May be Useful in RubbertownFHR-Molex-EPA ORD Leak Detection Sensor Network Collaboration (Texas Refinery)


• A mobile phone app that can be used by the community to report odors

• Odor reports collected through the app will be sent to Louisville’s new “Metro 311” system (for complaint tracking)

• We want to link the Odor App data to our measurements (pending budget)

– Compare odors and measurement/models

– Trigger “odor canisters” to help understand what is in the air

• We plan to pilot-test the mobile app soon (small group)

EPA

Odor App

NAlkanes

Aromatics Gasoline, oily

Natural gas odorant

Fecal, skunky

Rancid, decay

Sweet, fingernail

polish

2Chem mix 1

1Bio mix 1Raw / processed

sewer

Sewer rotten egg

Rotten cabbage

1Bio mix 2 H2S source

1Bio mix 3rendering

Burnt, garlic,

pungent

Rubber, Plastic

2Chem mix 2

2Chem mix 3

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EPA Citizen Science/Mobile App Project

Rachelle DuvallEPA ORD Technical [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Citizen Science/Mobile App Project

EPA ‘Odor Explore’ app description• Citizen science driven project

• User enters information about the odor

– Description of odor (using odor wheel)

– Duration of odor

– Intensity of odor (mild, moderate, severe)

– Auto time/date/location stamps

• Map to view all odor reports on current day or in the past

• Send odor data to local government complaint tracking system

• Connect odor observations to other NGEM data (if budget allows)

NAlkanes


Natural gas odorant

Fecal, skunky

Rancid, decay

Sweet, fingernail

polish

2Chem mix 1


sewer

Sewer rotten egg

Rotten cabbage


1Bio mix 3rendering

Burnt, garlic,

pungent

Rubber, Plastic

2Chem mix 2

2Chem mix 3

Custom Rubbertown Odor WheelIn-development (need input)

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EPAOdor Explore

NAlkanes


Natural gas odorant

Fecal, skunky

Rancid, decay

Sweet, fingernail

polish

2Chem mix 1


sewer

Sewer rotten egg

Rotten cabbage


1Bio mix 3rendering

Burnt, garlic,

pungent

Rubber, Plastic

2Chem mix 2

2Chem mix 3

Community feedback and participation is welcome and encouraged!

Step 1: Citizen smells odor

Step 2: Citizen opens Odor Explore enters information about the odor

✓What odor do you smell? (select from odor wheel)

✓What is the intensity of the odor?

✓How long did the odor last?

*Date/Time, meteorology, and location automatically recorded

Step 3: Information stored for users to view. And sent to Louisville's complaint tracking system

Step 4: Remotely acquire a “neighborhood canister” (possible locations, Foster Academy, Cane Run, Carter Elementary, as budget allows)

EPAOdor Explore

NAlkanes


Natural gas odorant

Fecal, skunky

Rancid, decay

Sweet, fingernail

polish

2Chem mix 1


sewer

Sewer rotten egg

Rotten cabbage


1Bio mix 3rendering

Burnt, garlic,

pungent

Rubber, Plastic

2Chem mix 2

2Chem mix 3

Odor Report (Example)Date: 2/15/19, 4:00 PMOdor: Chemical, burnt rubberIntensity: !!!!Duration: Lasted 1 hour

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Odor Report:

EPAOdor Explore


Step 5: Link to EPA and LMAPCD measurements and models (as budget allows), and feedback information to industry and other parties

Citizen Science/Mobile App Project

Contributor AcknowledgementsRubbertown NGEM Demo Project

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• J. Spann, T. Bell, N. Carlton-Carew, S. Good: EPA Region 4 team

• A. Cooley, B. Paris, B. DeWitt, D. Fountain, T. Lobb, B. Gary: LMAPCD team

• D. Whittaker, K. Oliver, S. Mukerjee, L. Nessley, B. Mitchell, T. Wu: EPA ORD team

• R. Burch, A. Novak: Louisville Metropolitan Sewer District: site access

• P. Deshmukh, J. Cansler, R. Logan, G. Wiley, A. Scott, T. Cousett: Jacobs EP-C-15-008

• TK.A. Chou, D. Chung, T. Wu, S. Liu: Tricorntech P310 field GC (through Jacobs)

• N. Davis, Enmet Inc.: Field GC prototype (through Jacobs)

• M. Farquhar, A. Quijano, M. Scholl: EnviroSuite (through Jacobs)

• W. Tang: ARA Environmental: General Dynamics GSQ0017AJ0019

Mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use

Contact Information

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Eben ThomaEPA ORD Technical [email protected]

Ingrid GeorgeEPA ORD VOC Technical [email protected]

Jane SpannEPA Region 4 [email protected]

Billy DeWittLMAPCD [email protected]

Rachelle DuvallEPA ORD Co-Technical [email protected]

Tiereny BellEPA Region 4 [email protected]

Sheryl GoodEPA Region 4 EJ [email protected]

Rubbertown NGEM Demonstration Project








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Thanks!

Questions and

Discussion

rubbertown ngem demonstration project

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