Waste Management Strategy for Lancashire2008 ~ 2020

Rubbish to ResourcesRubb

This document has been prepared by the Authorities of the Lancashire Waste Partnership.

Cover photographs © Lancashire County Council

ISBN 9781905201327

Copies of this document are available from:

Lancashire County Council, Environment Directorate,

Cross Street. PRESTON. PR1 8RD

Tel: 01772 531974 Fax: 01772 534178 Email: wastestrategy@lancashire.gov.uk

Text is available in large format on request

For further details of the Municipal Waste Management Strategy for Lancashire, and to view and download this and other documents, please visit our website:

www.lancswasteinfo.com

1

Contents

Preface 2

Introduction 3

Current Waste Management Arrangements 4

Main Drivers for Change 5

Our Vision and Objectives for 7Municipal Waste Management

Reduce and Reuse 8

Recycle and Compost 10Kerbside Collection 10Household Waste Recycling Centres 12Lead by Example 13

Recovery 14Lancashire and Blackpool 14Woodlands from Waste 17Blackburn with Darwen 18

Strategic Landfill Disposal 19

Community Sector 19

Education and Awareness Raising 20

Market Development 20

Cost Implications 21

Review and Monitoring 21

Summary of Targets 22

2

Preface

In 2001 the Lancashire Waste Partnershippublished its first municipal wastemanagement strategy; “A GreenerStrategy for a Greener Future,” this set thePartnership challenging targets to reducewaste growth and increase recycling andcomposting; challenges that would set thePartnership and its 15 local authorities atthe forefront of waste managementperformance in this country.

So it has proved. Our 10-year partnershipof 15 authorities has been an outstandingsuccess and Lancashire now sits in theforefront of waste management innovationand practice. We have achieved most ofour early goals from the 2001 Strategy butto divert each extra percentage ofmunicipal waste away from landfillbecomes progressively more challenging.

Even with the considerable progress since2001, it remains a stark fact that we are stillsending most of our waste to landfill. Our coming challenge is clear. Landfill hastraditionally been seen as the cheapestand easiest option for waste disposal. As this changes, so we must change theway we collect and manage ourmunicipal waste or face the environmentaland financial consequences.

The 15 authorities of the Partnership andour 600,000 households will all need tocontinue to play their part if we are tobuild on our achievements to date.

Your continued enthusiasm and co-operation remains key to our futuresuccess.

Councillor Miles Parkinson,Chair, Lancashire Waste Partnership

Introduction

Since the adoption of the 2001 strategythe Members of the Lancashire WastePartnership, which is made up of the 15Authorities comprising the County Council,the 12 constituent District Councils and the2 Unitary Councils, have put considerableeffort and resources into delivering its aims.

This is a new Municipal WasteManagement Strategy for the LancashireWaste Partnership (the Partnership) area forthe period 2008 to 2020. Entitled “Rubbishto Resources”, it looks to build on ouractions under the Partnership’s 2001Strategy “A Greener Strategy for a GreenerFuture” by identifying where we want togo in the future by setting even morechallenging targets.

“Rubbish to Resources” will act as aframework to establish the policies that willguide the development of sustainablewaste management in the Partnershiparea. It presents our objectives andactions for waste collection, treatment anddisposal that will apply across thePartnership area, and the performancestandards and targets we will measureourselves by.

This Strategy remains firmly focused on themunicipal waste stream. Work will continueto explore how we might make the linkbetween this Strategy and actionsdesigned to influence and complementthe wider waste network (mostlycommercial and industrial andconstruction and demolition wastes). For the moment however, the focus for ourefforts and financial input remains themunicipal waste stream.

“Rubbish to Resources” represents a stepchange in how we as a society shouldcome to view rubbish as a resource to bevalued and used and not simplysomething to be thrown away with nothought to the consequences.

Achieving the targets set by this Strategywill need the combined and concertedefforts of the 15 authorities of thePartnership if we are to achieve our aims.

The Strategy identifies what the Partners,the public, businesses, schools and otherscan expect to see in the services weprovide as we work towards our targets.

3

KEY ACTIONS

TARGETS

4

In 2007/08 the Partnership area’s householdsproduced 800,000 tonnes of waste of which30% was re-used or recycled, and 12% wascomposted. The remaining 58% waslandfilled. Until recently, landfill has beenseen as the least expensive option for wastedisposal although this reliance has broughtwith it significant environmental impactswhich persist to the present day.

The 12 Lancashire District Councils are WasteCollection Authorities and are responsible forcollecting household waste and undertakingstreet (and beach) cleansing.

If requested to do so these Councils mustarrange collection of commercial wastecommonly known as ‘trade waste’.

The County Council as the Waste DisposalAuthority for Lancashire is responsible forarranging for the disposal of waste collectedby its constituent Waste CollectionAuthorities.

The two Unitary Authorities of Blackpool andBlackburn with Darwen perform the role ofboth the Waste Collection and WasteDisposal Authority.

These three Waste Disposal Authorities arealso responsible for providing places for thehouseholder to deposit waste for recyclingand disposal. These are known locally asHousehold Waste Recycling Centres.

Current WasteManagementArrangements

We know that by continuing to be aswasteful as we have been in the past, wewill use up valuable finite resources at anunsustainable rate, and continue with theproblems in dealing with the wastesgenerated, at the local level but also on aglobal scale.

Landfilling unsorted and untreated wasterepresents a missed opportunity. In thewaste we send to landfill at present, thereare great quantities of valuable materials,many of which are being used upbecause of society’s over-exploitation,which can be difficult or environmentallydamaging to extract in the first place.

Nearly two-thirds of our municipal waste isstill sent to landfill. One third of thisamount contains recyclable materials,mainly paper and card, glass, plastics andmetals. Organic materials, mostly foodwaste and also green garden waste,account for another third or more.We cannot continue to simply waste theseresources. We need to put this waste togood use, which might mean increasing itsreuse, recycling, composting, or recoveringits value in other ways.

Though methods of landfilling have greatlyimproved over recent years, there remainsthe potential at least for unwelcomeimpacts on the local environment.

Our climate is changing, in the comingyears and decades it is predicted thattemperatures will rise, winter rainfall willincrease whilst summer rainfall decreasesand heat waves, droughts, storms andfloods become more frequent and moresevere. This will have a major impact onour residents and visitors, our landscapesand businesses.

A high proportion of the waste sent tolandfill is biodegradable; for example itemssuch as food waste, garden waste, paper,cardboard and textiles. Once this materialis buried it begins to break down. This process leads to the release of gasessuch as carbon dioxide and methane,both of which are potent greenhousegases.

Methane itself is 21 times more powerfulthan carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas.Greenhouse gases are known tocontribute to climate change. We need toensure we are doing our bit and reduceour reliance on landfill.

European and national wastemanagement legislation is driving forwardactions to address these priorities andchange our approach to dealing withwaste. The key message is to deliver wastemanagement in the most sustainablemanner, in line with the waste hierarchy.

This strategy explains our currentperformance against the levels of thehierarchy and the action needed in thefuture if we are to meet european,national and regional targets andhopefully exceed them.

Landfill DirectiveOne of the main drivers for change forLocal Authorities in their management ofwaste has been the introduction of TheEuropean Landfill Directive which placesrestrictions on the type and quantities ofwaste that can be landfilled. Specifically itsets limits on the quantities ofbiodegradable municipal waste (BMW),such as food, card, paper and textiles thatcan be landfilled.

5

Main Drivers for Change

WASTE HIERARCHY

Reduce

Re-use

Recycle & Compost

Recover Energy

Dispose in Landfills

2

1

3

4

5

6

Landfill Allowance Trading SchemeThe Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme(LATS) implements the requirements of theLandfill Directive by introducingprogressively smaller limits on the amountof BMW allowed to be landfilled by the UKfrom 2005/06. Allowances have beenallocated to Waste Disposal Authorities bythe Department for the Environment, Foodand Rural Affairs (DEFRA) for each yearuntil 2020.

The trading scheme introduces a degreeof flexibility into the system by allowingtrading of permits between Waste DisposalAuthorities. Disposal Authorities also havethe opportunity to “bank” and “borrow”permits for future years. However, if anauthority exceeds their limit, a financialpenalty of £150 is to be enforced for everytonne of biodegradable waste taken tolandfill in excess of the permittedallowance.

National Waste Strategy 2007The Strategy focuses primarily on themanagement of municipal waste andissues surrounding compliance with thelandfill directive and LATS.

It aims to decouple waste growth fromeconomic growth and places moreemphasis on waste prevention and re-usethrough a new target to reduce theamount of household waste not re-used,recycled or composted from over 22.2million tonnes in 2000 by 29% to 15.8 milliontonnes in 2010 with an aspiration to reduceit to 12.2 million tonnes in 2020 – areduction of 45%. This is equivalent to a fallof 50% per person (from 450 kg per personin 2000 to 225 kg in 2020).

The 2007 National Strategy restated someexisting targets, increased some targets forfuture existing target years and set newlonger term targets particularly relating torecycling, composting and recovery.

Landfill TaxIntroduced in 1997 with the intention ofdiverting waste from landfill, the tax ischarged in addition to the actual cost thatlandfill operators charge for every tonne ofwaste disposed of to landfill. The rate oflandfill tax for municipal waste in 2009/10stands at £40 per tonne and this rate willincrease by £8 per tonne every year to2013. Therefore by April 2013 the tax willstand at £72 per tonne.

Regional Waste StrategyThe Regional Waste Strategy sets out thestrategy for managing waste in the NorthWest. It states that the changes neededare; the prevention of the production ofwaste, the introduction of appropriatecollection systems to facilitate recyclingtogether with the provision of a frameworkto allow for the establishment of anadequate network of recovery, processingand residual treatment facilities and theprovision of sufficient landfill capacity forfinal residues following recovery andtreatment.

Lancashire Waste and MineralsDevelopment FrameworkThe Planning and Compulsory PurchaseAct establishes a system within which localplanning authorities are required toprepare a Local Development Framework.The Joint Minerals and Waste DevelopmentFramework for Lancashire, Blackpool andBlackburn with Darwen will set out astrategy to guide waste development andsite specific policies. The scope of theLMWDF extends to all waste streams.

Our philosophy which will continue to driveour actions and underpins our targets forthe future, is:

To promote a culture whereby waste isrecognised as a resource and there isacceptance of responsibility for minimisingits production and maximising its recovery.

This Vision is essential if the Partnership areais to maximise the amount of its waste thatit recycles, composts and recovers and inturn diverts away from landfill.

In order to achieve our Vision we have setthe following objectives;

7

Our Vision and Objectives for MunicipalWaste Management

• To recognise municipal waste as aresource.

• To minimise the amount of municipalwaste produced.

• To maximise recovery of organic andnon-organic resources.

• To deal with waste as near to where it isproduced as possible.

• To minimise contamination of theresidual waste stream.

• To minimise the amount of waste goingfor disposal to landfill.

• Where landfill does occur to minimise itsbiodegradable content.

• To effectively manage all municipalwaste within the wider waste context.

• To develop local markets andmanufacturing for recovered materials.

• To achieve sustainable wastemanagement.

• To develop strong partnerships betweenlocal authorities, community groups andthe private sector.

• To ensure services are accessible to allresidents.

Reusable Items Organics Residual Waste

Paper

MetalsGlass

PlasticTextiles

Energy

RDF

Compost

PAS100

Soil Improver

Plant Trees

Harvest Trees

Local Agricultural/

Horticultural IndustriesLocal

ManufacturingLocal Paper Mill

MBT Plant

Households

Schools/Public ServicesShops

Residues

Households

8

Between 1996 and 2000 the Partnershiparea experienced substantial growth in itsmunicipal waste arisings, with the amountincreasing by 17.5% over those four years.The Partnership recognised this as aparticular challenge to its ambitions forsustainable waste management and theStrategy of 2001 set the target that wastegrowth would be reduced and stabilisedfrom 3% to 1% per year by 2005.

To meet this challenge the Partnership hasimplemented a number of wasteminimisation schemes and recoveryinitiatives together with education andawareness programmes, including thepromotion of home composting andreusable nappies and the Education for aGreener Future programme.

These actions have proven to be extremelypositive. Over the period since 2001,average waste growth has fallen to lessthan 1%, well within the target set in theGreener Future Strategy. (See Fig1.).

The opportunity is there to build on thesuccess of these local initiatives andcontinue to work on reducing the amountof municipal waste produced across thePartnership. Therefore we will;

Waste growth is made up of any increasein waste produced by each householdalong with predicted rising numbers ofhouseholds within the Partnership area.What this means is that in effect we aresetting ourselves a target to reduce theaverage amount of waste produced byeach household to counter increasingoverall numbers of households, and isequivalent to a fall in waste arisings of 0.5%each year.

We will achieve this by;• Awareness raising in order to increase

participation in waste initiatives andschemes across all sectors. We will makeuse of National and Regional campaignsto help lend strength to local wastemanagement messages.

• Support initiatives such as;~ Home composting schemes. ~ Reusable nappies.~ Re-use schemes.

Reduce & stabilise waste to 0% growth each year

920,000

900,000

880,000

860,000

840,000

820,000

800,000

780,000

760,000

740,000

2000/1 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8

Figure 1.

Actual waste growth

compared with

targets set in the

2001 Strategy

Strategy Target

Waste Growth

Reduce and Reuse

9

• Lobbying – We will continue to lobby onareas where we feel action should beled by Central Government, for examplereduced packaging.

• Education programmes – to be deliveredto both primary and secondary schoolchildren.

An example is the EnvironmentalEducation Centre located at the LeylandWaste Technology Park which will enableevery primary schoolchild in Lancashireand Blackpool to experience the facilitythrough interactive displays andextensive educational resources, as wellas a tour to observe the different stagesof the technology as it treats the waste.

• Enforcement – whilst we want toencourage residents to participate in thesegregated collection systems we alsoneed to take action where residentsrefuse to participate with schemes. To encourage you to minimise your wasteand use the segregated collectionservices provided, we will continue toprovide each household with a standardwheelie bin (for all your non recyclablewaste). However, we will not collect anywaste left beside that wheelie bin (sidewaste).

For the avoidance of doubt, as differentcollection systems are in operation acrossthe Partnership area, reference to awheelie bin in this strategy should beread as also meaning black bag/plasticsack waste.

What can you do?

• Buy products that don’t have excessivepackaging.

• Don’t buy what you don’t need.• Put all your kitchen scraps in your home

composting bin (this can be obtainedfrom Lancashire County Council).

• Use reusable nappies.• Take your unwanted items to charity

shops. • Reuse your carrier bags.• Use available schemes to return your

electronic and electrical items.• If you’re on a black bag collection, try to

reduce the number of bags you put outfor collection.

• Use the kerbside collection systemprovided by your local collectionauthority to minimise the residual wasteyou throw away.Continue to provide financial

support for awareness raising, education campaigns and other initiatives

10

Recycle and Compost

Fylde

SouthRibble

Preston

Chorley

West Lancashire

Pendle

Wyre

Blackpool

Ribble Valley

Lancaster

Rossendale

Burnley

Hyndburn

Blackburn

90.43%

90.8%

97%

100%93%

73%

100%

100%

98%

99%

100% 100%

99%

95.5%

Map1.Households receivingthree-stream collection

Not to Scale © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved Lancashire County Council. 100023320. 2009

There are several ways in which we cantackle this issue, this can be throughincreasing the amount of recyclables andcompostable materials collected at thekerbside as well as by improving theservices provided at Household WasteRecycling Centres and local bring sites.

Kerbside collection In order to drive up the Partnership’srecycling rates the implementation of asegregated collection service was viewedas a priority under the 2001 Strategy. This set a target that three-stream wastecollection would be provided to at least90% of Lancashire’s households by 2005.

The three-stream collection consists of;Dry Recyclables including; • Cardboard.• Paper.• Glass.• Metals.• Textiles.• Plastic bottles.

Garden waste (if you have a garden)

Non-recyclable waste (residual)

By 2005, more than 80% of properties werebeing served by these three-streamcollections with several areas being seento achieve substantially better rates thanothers, this is mainly for reasons of housingtype, as well as the more obvious restrictiondue to the cost involved in implementingsuch schemes.

By 2008 significant progress had beenmade and over 90% of properties are nowserved by a three-stream scheme.(See Map1. for details for your area).

11

50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%2000/1 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8

Figure 2.

Actual recycling &

composting performance

compared with targets

set in the 2001 Straegy

Actual

Strategy Target

The 2001 Strategy also set a target torecycle and compost 40% of all waste by2005.

Since then work has progressed with;• A cost sharing agreement. This is a

property based payment wherebyLancashire County Council providessupport to its constituent waste collectionauthorities introducing three-streamcollection to its households.

• Incentive schemes.• Major waste awareness and education

campaign.• Improved service at Household Waste

Recycling Centres (HWRCs).

Good progress has been made; by 2005the Partnership area achieved 31%recycling and composting, by 2007/08performance had increased significantly to42% (See Fig2.).

We need to maintain this upwardsmomentum in our recycling rates, both atthe kerbside and at our Household WasteRecycling Centres and bring sites. In orderto support this we will;

We will achieve this by;

• Extending the segregated collectionservice to all households, to include collection of food waste for composting

The frequency of collection and how thesematerials will be collected will bedetermined by each individual collectionauthority. Properties may be supplied withadditional recycling bins, there may beschemes where garden waste and foodwaste are collected together orseparately, or materials may be collectedin communal areas in a neighbourhood.Whatever system of collection is provided,it will be designed on the basis it is easy touse by the householder and it considersthe type of property (e.g. terraced, highrise flats, and properties with or withoutgardens) and the practicalities of sortingand collecting the waste streams.

The opportunity to treat the food wasteproduced within Lancashire and Blackpoolwill be phased in from 2010. You will beinformed when your collection is going tochange.

Recycle and compost 56% of allmunicipal waste by 2015, and;

Recycle and compost 61% of allmunicipal waste by 2020

Provide a three-stream collectionservice to all households

Support will continue to Waste Collection Authorities for enhancing recycling and composting collection services to the householder

12

Household Waste Recycling Centres(HWRCs)In 2000/01 just 44% of the waste deliveredto Household Waste Recycling Centres(HWRCs) by the Partnership’s residents wasrecycled and composted.

The performance at the sites has beenimproved through;• The letting of new contracts.• A ban on trade waste. To restrict the use

of sites to household waste only and tostop trade waste from coming into thesite, HWRCs operate an Access Policyand Permit Scheme. This means thataccess to the site for certain largevehicles and trailers is restricted and youmay need to obtain a permit from theCounty Council or Unitary Authoritydepending where you live. The policyaims to increase safety and reducecongestion at the sites as well as ensuringthat commercial and other non-municipal waste producers cannotdispose of their waste at the Council Taxpayer’s expense.

• Increase in on-site staff and recyclinghelpers. The sites offer an efficient andeasy to use service. Dedicated staff areon hand to assist you with all aspects ofyour visit to a HWRC whether it is helpand advice with recycling you need, tounloading your car or helping to carryheavy items.

• Changes in operating hours to make thesites more accessible.

By 2002/03 58% of waste brought to theHWRCs was reused, recycled orcomposted and so diverted from landfill,exceeding the 2001 Strategy target of 50%diversion from landfill. In 2007/08 anaverage of 71% of waste was reused,recycled or composted. (See Fig3.).

Whilst levels of recycling and compostinghave increased we want to ensure that allsites continue to maintain and improvetheir level of service and to ensure aconsistent level of performance across thenetwork of HWRC sites in the Partnershiparea. We aim;

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

2000/1 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8

Figure 3.

Actual recovery at

HWRCs compared

with targets set in the

2001 Strategy

Actual

Strategy Target

From 2010 to reuse, recycle or compost 70% of all waste delivered to each HWRC

During 2008/09 a review of all our HWRCshas been undertaken to consider theirlocation, layout and service provision to besure this network compliments thesegregated kerbside collection. We will:

• improve and modernise the delivery ofthe service to achieve the highest levelsof customer satisfaction and health andsafety as well as embracing the resourcerecovery philosophy;

• continue to target the highvolume/tonnage materials not currentlyrecycled or collected at the kerbside;

• tackle the difficult and polluting wastessuch as paint, batteries and electricalitems and by 2010 we will provide acollection point for them at theHousehold Waste Recycling Centres. This will be important as the recoverytechnologies can be sensitive to these‘dirty’ materials and we need toencourage the removal of as many ofthese materials out of the residual non-recyclable waste stream.

Complimenting our kerbside collectionsand the HWRC network, the Partnershiparea has over 300 bring sites. These areseen in supermarket car parks, behindpubs/clubs and near neighbourhoodshopping areas and so on. In line with thereview of the HWRCs we will be reviewingtheir location and the materials theycollect in order to establish how they mightbest compliment the kerbside collectionschemes and HWRC services.

Leading by ExampleThe collection authorities also have a dutywhen requested to collect waste from;• businesses/trade;• council/municipal buildings; and • schools.

The waste from the above premises canbe very similar in composition to householdwaste and we recognise the opportunityto extend our resource recoveryphilosophy to manage this waste stream toensure that this waste is managed so thatresources are maximised. Therefore ouraim is that;

This also provides us with an excellentopportunity to get the resource recoverymessage into our schools, through oureducation programmes, and on-sitecollection systems for recycling so thatchildren can put what is being taught intopractice.

We are also responsible for collecting andmanaging waste collected from litter bins.We want to ensure that whether you’re athome, or out and about, you have theopportunity to recycle your waste. Indeed some districts already providesegregated litter bins where you canseparate out your recyclables.

13

From 2010 all waste services we provide will offer a segregated recycling collection service

From 2010 separate ‘recycling’ litter bins will be provided in our major town and city centres

14

Recovery

Once we have maximised the amounts ofmunicipal waste we can recycle andcompost from the kerbside, at our HWRCsand elsewhere we will need to treat theremaining waste in the residual wastestream. As mentioned earlier, the drivingforce is the Landfill Allowance TradingScheme (LATS) and we must reduce theamount of biodegradable material tolandfill. We have therefore set targets for;

The three waste disposal authorities are atdifferent stages of putting in placetreatment processes which are designed torecover the maximum value from residualwaste as well as maximising diversion fromlandfill. This part of the strategy considersthe recovery solution taken by Lancashireand Blackpool separate to the approachtaken by Blackburn with Darwen.

• Lancashire County Council andBlackpool Council have procured atreatment option in the form ofmechanical biological treatment.

• Blackburn with Darwen Council is still toprocure its treatment technology.

Recovery - Lancashire County Council andBlackpool Council

Through the consultation processundertaken in 2000, the residents ofLancashire made it clear that they wouldnot accept energy from waste unless everyeffort has been made in the areas ofwaste reduction and recycling. For thisreason the Lancashire Strategy A GreenerStrategy for a Greener Future set reductionand recovery targets that exceeded thoseof the National Waste Strategy at that time.

Once the 2001 Strategy was in place anearly review of the alternatives to thetreatment of waste by incineration wascarried out and the Partnership chose topursue mechanical biological treatment oftheir residual waste.

This Strategy confirms the Authorities stanceregarding the alternatives to incineration.Accordingly, the County Council continuesto oppose the siting of any proposal formass burn incineration of municipal wastein any Lancashire District.

Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) – What is it?Residual waste entering the treatmentprocess first undergoes sorting to allow forthe recovery of any additional recyclates,such as cans, paper and glass.

The remaining waste then undergoes ashredding and screening process whichrecovers organic and other compostablematerials. Once the waste is shredded, itgoes through a percolation process. This isbasically a giant washing machine wherethe waste is washed to solubilise theorganic content. The resultant liquid istreated anaerobically (without oxygen) ina digester which produces biogas forenergy (power) generation that will beused to power the facility.

The other end product of percolation is anorganic material that feeds into thecomposting process. Composting is anatural process in which bacteria andfungi, in the presence of air and water,convert biodegradable materials intostable substances. The release of heat,during the composting process, causes thetemperature of the composting material torise to temperatures between 60°C and70°C, effectively sanitising the material anddrying the final product. The resultingOrganic Growth Medium “OGM” is acompost like material which is high inorganic matter with a low level of physicalcontamination which can be used as a soilimprover.

Recover 81% of all municipal waste by 2015, and;

Recover 88% of all municipalwaste by 2020

Recovery means all waste that is recycled, composted and treated.

The accompanying graph shows thechallenging times ahead with theintroduction of LATS, illustrating how muchmunicipal waste we will have to managein the Lancashire and Blackpool area, andthe amount we will be able to landfillwithout incurring LATS penalties. We mustreduce, recycle, compost or treat theamount in between. (See Fig4.).

In order to divert this material from landfilla number of facilities are required.

The 2001 strategy identified a need for a‘Lancashire Waste Network’ of centrallarger treatment facilities with supportingsatellite facilities where waste could bebulked up for transfer to the larger facilities.

The Authorities have undertaken aprogramme to acquire the sites requiredfor the development of these facilities aswell as securing planning consents. This produces a Lancashire Networkcomprising three sub-regional areas.

15

800,000

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

0

Figure 4.

Projected waste

arisings compared

with landfill limits

Waste Arisings

LCC & BC Landfill

2005

/6

2006

/7

2007

/8

2008

/9

2009

/10

2010

/11

2011

/12

2012

/13

2013

/14

2014

/15

2015

/16

2016

/17

2017

/18

2018

/19

2019

/20

Preston

ChorleyWest

Lancashire

Pendle

Wyre

Blackpool

Ribble

Valley

Lancaster

Rossendale

Huncoat

Pendle

Salthill, Clitheroe

Middleton

Thornton

Riversway,Preston

Skelmersdale

HyndburnBurnley

Leyland

Fylde

South

Ribble

The three larger central treatment facilities“Waste Technology Parks” are to belocated at Leyland, Thornton andHuncoat, with supporting waste transferstation sites at Preston, West Lancashire,Pendle, Clitheroe and Lancaster.

Three of these five satellite sites also havescope for a second phase of enclosedgreen waste composting which will bebrought on stream as and when required.

Work will continue to explore whetheradditional facilities are required to ensurethe efficient operation of the LancashireWaste Network

Bulk Transfer to Waste Technology Park

District Deliveries (Refuse Collection Vehicles)

Waste Transfer Station

Waste Technology Park

Facilities to be provided via the PFI solution

Not to Scale © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved Lancashire County Council. 100023320. 2009

16

The Waste Technology Parks comprise ofthree parts; • mechanical biological treatment (MBT),

including an element of anaerobicdigestion, to treat the residual wasteremaining after recyclable andcompostable wastes have beenremoved;

• enclosed composting able to treat greengarden waste and food waste; and

• MRFs or recyclate bulking to handle bothsource-segregated and co-mingledrecyclate.

SITE PHASE 1 PHASE 1 PHASE 2Operational by;

Leyland Mechanical Biological Treatment 2010 n/aEnclosed green waste composting (food and garden waste)Materials Recycling Facility

Thornton Mechanical Biological Treatment 2010 n/aEnclosed green waste composting (food and garden waste)Recyclate bulking facility

Huncoat Waste Transfer Station MechanicalEnclosed green waste composting Biological(food and garden waste) TreatmentWhinney Hill/Huncoat Link Road 2012

West Lancs Waste Transfer Station 2010 Enclosed green waste composting

Preston Waste Transfer Station 2010 Enclosed green waste composting

Lancaster Waste Transfer Station 2010 Enclosed green waste composting

Ribble Valley Waste Transfer Station 2006 n/a

Pendle Waste Transfer Station 2010/11 n/a

Woodlands from WasteLancashire and Blackpool have largeareas of land that are low quality with littleamenity value. Recovery of organicmaterial and the production of OrganicGrowth Media will be used in therestoration of this derelict or marginal land.

These low quality soils can also beimproved by a sustained and long-termtree-planting regime that will improve thestructure of the soil in time and offer thebenefits for carbon sequestration andimproving amenity and public access.

17

Achieve an average saving of16,000 tonnes of CO2 each yearat 2020

Establish a minimum of 10 hectares per year of new woodland on derelict, underused,

neglected and other marginal land

Create new native woodland across Lancashire and Blackpool. The creation of an additional 1,200 hectares of woodland cover by 2032 representing an additional 2.5 million trees planted

18

Recovery - Blackburn with Darwen CouncilAs a separate WDA Blackburn with DarwenCouncil is exploring ways it can treat andrecover its own waste, includingopportunities to avoid the transportation ofits municipal waste for treatment andrecovery outside its administrative area.

Blackburn shares the same challenges torecover the maximum value for its wasteand divert it from landfill to achieveGovernment targets for landfill and avoidfinancial penalties. (See Fig5.).

The Council is committed to reducing theamount of waste produced and increasingresource recovery. As yet, the Council hasmade no decisions as to the preferredtreatment method to handle the wasteproduced within the Blackburn withDarwen area.

90,000

80,000

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0

Figure 5.

Projected waste

arisings compared

with landfill limits

Waste Arisings

BwD Landfill

2005

/6

2006

/7

2007

/8

2008

/9

2009

/10

2010

/11

2011

/12

2012

/13

2013

/14

2014

/15

2015

/16

2016

/17

2017

/18

2018

/19

2019

/20

The Council will continue to explore all existing, new and emerging technologies, to meet its future waste management needs.

If an options appraisal indicates that a dedicated facility for Blackburn with Darwen Council’s municipal waste is the preferred option, the Council will seek to site this facility on pre-determined sites within the Borough.For the avoidance of doubt any such site will not be in the administrative areas of Lancashire and Blackpool.

Every effort will be made to reuse, recycle,compost and recover value from thewaste. Challenging targets have been setto maximise these activities and minimiselandfill disposal.

We aim to;

Whilst disposal of waste to landfill is the lastoption it is one which must be planned for. The County Council and Blackpool Councilhave secured long-term strategic landfillsites from 2010 for a period of 15 years. The following sites will provide long-termdisposal for Blackpool and Lancashire;

Community Sector

19

Community groups across the Partnershiparea are involved in a variety of wasteactivities ranging from organising papercollections at local schools or scoutheadquarters, to community scrap stores,composting, and furniture re-use and evenbicycle refurbishment. Schemes ofteninclude education and awareness raising

activities.

The work of community groups can notonly benefit the environment by reducing,reusing or recycling waste but also theirlocal economy as well.

More information on all the above can befound at www.lancashirecrn.org

Strategic Landfill Disposal

Divert 80% of municipal waste away from landfill by 2010, and;

Divert 88% of municipal wasteaway from landfill by 2020

YEAR SITES

2010~2015 Clayton Hall, LeylandJameson Road, Fleetwood

Whinney Hill, Accrington

2015~2018 Jameson Road, FleetwoodWhinney Hill, Accrington

2018~2025 Whinney Hill, Accrington

Blackburn with Darwen Council will continue to explore the necessary landfill capacity required once treatment technology has been identified

and procured

We will develop, implement and

operate services which will work

with and build the capacity of,

the community, voluntary and

social enterprise waste sector

We will look to improve on work andinitiatives already underway by;• encouraging behavioural change;• ensuring the residents of Lancashire are

kept informed and up to date on all newschemes;

• embracing and adding value to nationaland regional campaigns;

• increasing participation in waste initiativesand schemes across all sectors;

• where we have to, we will takeenforcement action when all else fails.

Market Development

We are committed to developing astrategy to address the risk of marketinstability for recyclates. This will includedeveloping local markets for wasteresources from the commercial, industrialand municipal waste streams as well asidentifying manufacturing capacity to usethese resources.

We will;• Look at municipal waste in its wider waste

context to achieve most effective solutions.• Look to develop local markets for

recovered materials.• Encourage local markets to develop and

facilitate collection of materials to providefeedstock.

• Explore opportunities that the wider wastestream can bring to local markets.

• Encourage and target innovativeproposals.

• Develop markets locally thereby alsoimproving the local economy.

• Develop markets for materials notcurrently recycled, for example items suchas yoghurt pots, margarine tubs andcarpets.

• Target the materials that form thegreatest proportion of the residual waste.

Education and AwarenessRaising

20

21

Review and MonitoringCost Implications

In 2007/08 waste management costs withinthe Partnership area were on average£48.76 per household per year forcollection and £44.39 per year for disposal.In total this means that to have your wastecollected and disposed of costs eachhousehold £1.79 per week.

Whatever approach we take to managingour municipal waste in the future willrequire substantial investment. Doing nothing does not mean we canavoid these costs.

We want to get the most for your moneyand we believe this means dealing withwaste in a greener, more sustainable way.With the introduction of LATS and thepotential penalties of £150 per tonne if wedo not meet targets Government has setfor us, together with the annual increase inlandfill tax, there will be significant financialcosts if we do not divert waste away fromlandfill. As well as the financial costs therewill also be the environmental and socialconsequences associated with landfill tolive with. The investment needed to put inplace all the measures outlined in thisdocument should be no more than the donothing scenario.

The Rubbish to Resources Strategy issupported by a number of Action Planswhich explain how the Partners aredelivering the targets and actions.Progress against these targets will bereported through a Monitoring Statementto be published annually.

The Monitoring Statement will also identifyany necessary revisions to the Strategy inlight of operational considerations orchanges in legislation.

A review of the Rubbish to ResourcesStrategy will be carried out after 2010 toconsider all aspects of the Strategyincluding its targets and actions. This willalso allow for a review of progress onBlackburn with Darwen’s recovery optionsas well as updating the Lancashire andBlackpool recovery position followingcommissioning of several facilities throughthe Lancashire Waste Network.

Waste Management Strategy for Lancashire2008 ~ 2020

Annual MonitoringStatemental Statemen

22

Summary of Rubbish to Resource Targets

Waste Growth target % 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

HWRC recovery target % 70% 70% 70% 70% 70% 70%

Recycling & composting target % 40% 44% 50% 56% 60% 61%

Total recovery target % 40% 44% 50% 81% 87% 88%

Total landfill target % 60% 56% 50% 19% 13% 12%2007/0

8

2009/1

0

2012/1

3

2015/1

6

2019/2

0

2020/2

1

Summary of European, National and Regional Targets

EC Landfill Directive Reduce the amount of BMW going to landfill by:•25% of 1995 levels by 2010•50% of 1995 levels by 2013•65% of 1995 levels by 2020

National Waste Strategy 2007 To recycle or compost:•at least 40% of household waste by 2010•at least 45% of household waste by 2015•at least 50% of household waste by 2020

To recover value from:•at least 53% of municipal waste by 2010•at least 67% of municipal waste by 2015•at least 75% of municipal waste by 2020

North West Regional Strategy To recycle or compost:•at least 35% of household waste by 2010•at least 45% of household waste by 2015•at least 55% of household waste by 2020

To recover value from:•at least 45% of municipal waste by 2010•at least 67% of municipal waste by 2015

To reduce growth in waste arisings to:•1% by 2010•0% by 2014

Lancashire Waste Partnership To recycle or compost:2008 Rubbish to Resources •at least 44% of municipal waste by 2010

•at least 56% of municipal waste by 2015•at least 60% of municipal waste by 2020

To recover value from:•at least 44% of municipal waste by 2010•at least 81% of municipal waste by 2015•at least 88% of municipal waste by 2020

To reduce growth in waste arisings to:•0% from 2009

23

Glossary of Terms

The biodegradable fraction of the municipal waste stream,predominantly food waste, paper and green waste. Councils arerequired to minimise the amount of biodegradable municipalwaste being disposed of to landfill by the EU Landfill Directive, dueto its links with climate change and methane production.

Typically made up of bottle banks, charity clothes bins, andcovered skips for paper and metals, these are often found insupermarket car parks and on the outskirts of shopping centres.

Waste produced by businesses such as shops and offices.

A wide range of organisations, including voluntary and communityorganisations, charities, co-operatives and social enterprises.

The natural decomposition of organic materials.

The Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

The burning of waste to produce energy.

Cooked and uncooked vegetable and animal matter.

Produced mainly from gardens and parks, it includes grass clippingsand branches.

Refers to both food waste and garden waste.

Composting at home, in your garden, using a bin available free toresidents of Lancashire from Lancashire County Council.

Waste produced by householders.

The partnership area operates 26 HWRCs where householders canrecycle their rubbish and deposit waste for disposal.

The permanent disposal of waste into the ground, by the filling ofman-made voids or similar features, or the construction oflandforms above ground level.

The treatment of residual waste using a combination ofmechanical separation and biological treatment.

Waste collected by waste collection authorities, predominantlyhousehold waste but also including any trade waste collectedunder the WCAs Environmental Protection Act responsibilities,together with street sweepings.

OGM is a compost material made from mixed municipal waste. It ishigh in organic matter with a low level of physical contamination.

Value can be recovered from waste by recovering materialsthrough recycling, composting or recovery of energy.

The reprocessing of waste either into the same product or adifferent one.

Materials that are to be recycled.

BiodegradableMunicipal Waste

Bring Site

Commercial Waste

Community Sector

Composting

DEFRA

Energy from Waste

Food Waste

Garden Waste

Green Waste

Home Composting

Household Waste

HWRC

Landfill

MechanicalBiologicalTreatment

Municipal Waste

Organic GrowthMedia

Recovery

Recycling

Recyclates

24

Reduce

Re-use

Segregatedcollection

Thermal Treatment

Three-streamcollection

Trade Waste

Treatment

Unitary Authority

Waste

Waste Arisings

Waste CollectionAuthority

Waste DisposalAuthority

Waste Growth

Waste Hierarchy

Waste Prevention

Reducing the amount of waste produced, either by re-engineeringmanufacturing to produce lighter packaging or more efficient/lesswasteful processes, or by using leftover food to make anothermeal.

Finding new uses for discarded objects that are still fit for purpose,typically furniture or white goods.

The separate collection, at the kerbside, of various parts of thewaste stream.

The use of heat to reduce the volume of waste. Processes rangeform incineration, with or without energy recovery, to advancedtreatments such ad pyrolysis and gasification.

Involves a segregated kerbside collection service comprising of DryRecyclables including; Cardboard, Paper, Glass, Metals, Textilesand Plastic bottles together with Garden waste and non-recyclable waste (residual).

(As commercial waste) WCAs have a responsibility to arrange thecollection of trade waste if requested to by the producer, thoughthey may charge for this service.

Can be as simple as separately collecting recyclables, or thesorting and baling of recyclables at a transfer station. The aim is toidentify and separate wastes that can be recycled, and reducethe impact that the waste has when landfilled. It is a requirementof the EU Landfill Directive that all waste must be subject totreatment prior to disposal.

A council that is both waste collection and waste disposalauthority. In the Partnership area there are 2; Blackpool, andBlackburn with Darwen.

As householders and businesses we all produce waste. The ECWaste Framework Directive defines waste as: “any substance orobject…which the holder discards or intends or is required todiscard”.

The amount of waste produced.

The council, usually a district or borough council, charged with theresponsibility to collect household waste.

The council, either county or unitary, charged with disposing ofwaste collected by the waste collection authority.

The year on year change in the amount of waste produced byhouseholders. A negative waste growth indicated a reduction inthe amount of waste produced, compared to last year.

A framework for securing a sustainable approach to wastemanagement. Wherever possible, waste production should beminimised. If waste cannot be avoided then it should be re-used;after this value recovered by recycling or composting; or waste toenergy; and finally landfill disposal.

The most desirable way of managing waste, by avoiding theproduction of waste in the first place.

RIBBLE VALLEYBOROUGH COUNCIL

Promoting City, Coast & Countryside

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The Members of the

Lancashire Waste Partnership are...