rubee in underground coal mines
DESCRIPTION
Presented in proceedings of National Symposium on PTSM-2013 at IIT BHU Varanasi (UP)TRANSCRIPT
RUBEE IN UNDERGROUND COAL MINES
by:Subhash Kumar*, P. K. Mishra, P. K. Mandal and A. KushwahaCSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Barwa Road, Dhanbad, Jharkhand -826015
WHAT IS RUBEE?
RuBee or P1902.1 is an on-demand, Bidirectional,
peer-to-peer network protocol that uses long
wavelength (under 450 kHz) transceiver mode.
The protocol is similar to WiFi (IEEE 802.11), ZigBee
(IEEE 802.15.4) and Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15).
It relies on low-frequency magnetic waves to track
products and transfer information, therefore, also
called LFID.
It excels in situation where RFID has limitations.
RUBEE VS RFID
RFID (IEEE 802.15.4) RuBee (IEEE P 1902.1)
Signal Type RF (EM) type Magnetic type
Frequency High and Ultra High Low Frequency(<450kHz)
Read Speed (tags per sec) 100-200 6-10
Battery Life 1-4 years More than 10 years
Range 1-100 m 1-20 m
Bandwidth 20-150 Kbps Small
Data Storage Capacity 4 -32KB 5KB
Network Size (Nodes) 64,000 8
Security Low High
Node Cost $0.05-$4 $0.1-$10
Base Station Cost $500-$1,500 $1 - $200
THE RUBEE TAGS
Chip
Tag
BatteryCrystalCapsSensors
IMPLEMENTATION IN UG MINES…
Buried objects detection
Trapped miners tracing
Detection of misfire.
HOW ???
BURIED OBJECTS DETECTION
In case of ROOF FALL, the mine machinery goes underneath the coal. To detect their location is a challenge.
This problem can be mitigated by attaching these equipments with RuBee tags.
BURIED OBJECTS DETECTION
Transmit TX
Base Station
Receive RX
LF Magnetic Wave
BURIED OBJECTS DETECTION
Transmit TX
Base Station
Receive RX
LF Magnetic Wave
TRAPPED MINERS TRACING
A RuBee tag can be installed in the miner’s caplamp; in case of accidents such as STRATA FAILURE/FLOODING the miner’s position can be easily traced.
TRAPPED MINERS TRACING
Transmit TX
Base Station
Receive RX
LF Magnetic Wave
Hi Base! I m here...
Obstacle
TRAPPED MINERS TRACING
Transmit TX
Base Station
Receive RX
LF Magnetic Wave
Hello Tag! Where r u???
Obstacle
DETECTION OF MISFIRE
In case of BLASTING, some explosives may remain misfired.
If prior to BLASTING, RuBee tags are attached with the explosives, the misfired can be detected.
DETECTION OF MISFIRE
Tagg
ed
Expl
osiv
es
DETECTION OF MISFIRE
Misfi
red
Expl
osiv
es
Transmit TX
Base Station
Receive RX
DETECTION OF MISFIRE
Misfi
red
Expl
osiv
es
Transmit TX
Base Station
Receive RX
MAJOR CONCERNS OF RUBEE TO IMPLEMENT IN UG MINES…
Design of a feasible and compatible antenna for
low frequency. Microstrip Patch Antenna
MAJOR CONCERNS OF RUBEE TO IMPLEMENT IN UG MINES…
Design of feasible and compatible antenna for
low frequency.
The readability of RuBee can be affected by the
relative position and orientation of the tag and
the reader antenna
RuBee protocol have to use anti-collision
mechanism
Slow read rate (6-10 per second)
Shorter range
CONCLUDING REMARKS…
RuBee is not a replacement of RFID; it is actually an alternative.
RuBee tag radiates very low power (40 nW) which is within the safety limit of power rating for explosives.
The RuBee tags also satisfy the safety rules of IEC 60079-0.
REFERENCES… Accenture White Paper, 2001. Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID), White Paper. August, J., Waterhouse, P., Stevens, J. K.,
Vandenberg, M. L., Truong, K., 2007. Low frequency tag and system, US Patent Application: 20070063895.
Bandyopadhyay, L. K., Chaulya, S. K. and Mishra, P. K., 2010. Wireless Communication in Underground Mines: RFID–based Sensor Networking, Springer.
Bolic, Miodrag (Editor), Simplot-Ryl, David (Co-Editor), Stojmenovic, Ivan (Co-Editor), 2010. RFID Systems: Research Trends and Challenges, Wiley.
CONTD… Brown, W. C., 1984. The history of power
transmission by radio waves, IEEE on Microwave theory and Technique, Vol. 32, No. 9, pp. 1230-1242.
Finkenzeller, K., 2003. RFID Handbook—Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification, second ed. Wiley, New York.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RuBee#RuBee_tag_details. Accessed on 01-01-2013.
Landt, J., 2005. The history of RFID, IEEE potentials, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 8-11.
Mishra, P. K., Bolic M., Yagoub, M. C. E. and Stewart, R. F., 2012. RFID Technology for Tracking and Tracing Explosives and Detonators in Mining Services Applications, Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 76, pp.-33-43.
CONTD… Nogee, A., 2004. RFID Tags and Chip: Changing
the World for Less than the Price of a Cup of Coffee. In-Stat/MDR.
Oracle & Visible Assets Inc., 2010. An introduction to RuBee Technology, White Paper. http://www.rubee.com/Partners/Oracle/RuBee%20White%20Paper%20-%20v3.pdf. accessed on March 24, 2010.
Schuman, E., 2006. RuBee Offers an Alternative to RFID.
Waterhouse, P., Verge, C. W., Vandenberg, M. L., Truong, K. , Stevens, J. K., August, J., 2006. Networked RF tag for tracking freight, US Patent no.: 7049963.
Wyld, D. C., 2005. RFID: The right frequency for Government, IBM Center for the Business of Government.
Stevens, J. K., [email protected], Visible Assets, Inc. RuBee™ Visibility Networks IEEE P1902.1 (Pending), Nov 2006
Thank You…
FINDINGS… RuBee is not a replacement of RFID; it is
actually an alternative. Because RuBee uses such a low frequency it
does not consume much power and has a 5-years to 15-years battery life using simple Lithium coin-size batteries with a range of 1″ to 50 feet.
RuBee tags overcome many of the technological problems seen with RF near steel and water.
RuBee is safe and cost effective as the power consumption is very less.
Maxwell's Equations
THE RUBEE TAGS
ChipCrystalSensors
Tag
Battery
THE RUBEE TAGS
ChipSensorsCrystal
Antenna Tag
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…
Director, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad
Ministry of Coal, Govt of India, New Delhi
CMPDI, Ranchi