rules, events and workflow

The SkyNet funding bill is passed.

The system goes online on August 4th, 1997.

Human decisions are removed from strategic defense.

SkyNet begins to learn at a geometric rate.

It becomes self-aware at 2:14am Eastern time, August 29th

In a panic, they try to pull the plug.

And, Skynet fights back

Mark ProctorProject Lead

Agenda

Community

History

Declarative Programming

Drools Expert

Drools Fustion

jBPM

Roadmap

Boot Camps

San Francisco 2009 (40+ attendees)Sponsored by Third Pillar

Sun, FAMC, OSDE, Kaseya, Fedex, TU Group, Intermountain Healthcare, Gap, Sony Pictures, Lockheed Martin, Kaiser, HP, Wells Fargo, US Navy Research, FOLIOfn, Boeing .....

San Diego 2010 (80+ attendess)Sponsored by US Navy

5 day event, with 2 days focus on the healthcare industry

OSDE, AT&T, SAIC, US Navy Research, Kaiser, Clinica, Intermountain Healthcare, GE Healthcare, VA, Boeing, Nationwide ....

Books

Introduction to Expert SystemsPeter Jackson

Expert Systems, Principles and ProgrammingJoseph C. Giarratano and Gary D. Riley

Oh And There are Drools Books Too

History

It All Started Here Birth of CDSS
Clinical Decision Support Systems

DendralBaobabMycinGuidonNeomycinTeiresiasPuffEmycinWMSaconCentaurWheezeGravidaClot

Oncocin

1970s

1980s

Because Not Everyone
Is As Smart As He Is

Business Rules Engines

OPS5ARTClipsJessDrools 2JRules

1980s

2010s

Drools 3

1990s

2000s

Drools 4Drools 5

Drools History

Drools 2Rete like XML Scripting language

Drools 3 Based on Clips functionality

Iterative improves to JRules syntax with Clips functionality

Drools 4More declarative

Basic functional programming feature with from

Basic Rule Flow

Basic BRMS

Drools 5Improved functional programming with 'accumulate'

More Advanced Rule Flow integration

Complex Event ProcessTemporal Comparators

Sliding Time Windows

Production ready BRMS (Guvnor)

Drools History

Drools 5.1Differential Diff (true modify)

Drools 5.2Freeform expressions between patterns

Multi-function accumulates

Prolog like derivation queries

Decision tables and rule templates (Guvnor)

Pure GWT (Guvnor)

Drools 5.3...


Integrated Systems

Semantic
OntologiesRulesEventProcessesWorkflowsRules Workflows

EventProcesses

Semantic
Ontologies

Integrated Systems

Drools
Grid

Drools
Planner

Drools
Semantics

Drools
Chance Business Logic integration System

Drools
Guvnor

Drools
Fusion

JBPM5(Drools Flow)

Drools
Expert

Rules and processes

loosely coupledtightly coupledspecificgenericDecisionServicesProcessRulesSCOPECOUPLING?

Business Logic Lifecycle


Production Rule Systems PRD (forward chaining)Reactive

when Alarm( status == alert )
then send( warning )

Logic Programming LP (backward chaining)Query

descendant( mary, jane)

Functional Programming FPMap,Fold, Filter

avg([12, 16, 4, 6])Returns single value 9.5

round([10.3, 4.7, 7.8] )Returns List [10, 5, 8]

Description LogicPerson Has Name and
LivesAt Address

Concepts Overview

Concepts Overview

Concepts Overview

Drools Expert

Classes

rule increase balance for AccountPeriod Credits when ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo ) CashFlow( type == CREDIT, accountNo == $accountNo, date >= ap.start && = ap.start and cf.date = ap.start && = ap.start && Everything is ok

Executing

Fire kitchenFire = new Fire( name2room.get( "kitchen" ) );Fire officeFire = new Fire( name2room.get( "office" ) );

FactHandle kitchenFireHandle = ksession.insert( kitchenFire );FactHandle officeFireHandle = ksession.insert( officeFire );

ksession.fireAllRules();

> Raise the alarm> Turn on the sprinkler for room kitchen> Turn on the sprinkler for room office

Executing

ksession.retract( kitchenFireHandle );ksession.retract( officeFireHandle );

ksession.fireAllRules()

> Turn off the sprinkler for room office> Turn off the sprinkler for room kitchen> Cancel the alarm> Everything is ok

rule "Status output when things are ok" when not Alarm() not Sprinkler( on == true ) then println( "Everything is ok" );end

not Bus( color = red )

Conditional Elements

exists Bus( color = red )

forall ( $bus : Bus( floors == 2 ) Bus( this == $bus, color == red ) )

forall ( $bus : Bus( color == red ) )

Accumulate CE

rule "accumulate"when $sum : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate( Bus( color == "red", $t : takings ) sum( $t ) )then print "sum is + $sum;end

Accumulate CE

Patterns and CE's can be chained with 'from'

rule "collect"when $zipCode : ZipCode() $sum : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate( Bus( color == "red", $t : takings ) from $hbn.getNamedQuery(Find Buses) .setParameters( [ zipCode : $zipCode ] ) .list(), sum( $t ) )then print "sum is + $sum;end

Timers

rule name timer ( cron: 0 0/15 * * * * )when Alarm( )then sendEmail( Alert Alert Alert!!! )

Field Name Mandatory? Allowed Values Allowed Special CharactersSeconds YES 0-59 , - * /Minutes YES 0-59 , - * /Hours YES 0-23 , - * /Day of month YES 1-31 , - * ? / L WMonth YES 1-12 or JAN-DEC , - * /Day of week YES 1-7 or SUN-SAT , - * ? / L #Year NO empty, 1970-2099 , - * /

Send alert every quarter of an hour

Calendars

rule "weekdays are high priority" calendars "weekday" timer (int:0 1h)when Alarm()then send( "priority high - we have an alarm );end

rule "weekend are low priority" calendars "weekend" timer (int:0 4h)when Alarm()then send( "priority low - we have an alarm );end

Execute now and after
1 hour durationExecute now and after
4 hour duration

Backward Chaining

query isContainedIn( String x, String y ) Location( x, y; ) or ( Location( z, y; ) and ?isContainedIn( x, z; ) )end

rule reactiveLook when Here( place : place) ?isContainedIn( place, "keys"; )then System.out.println( "We have found your keys" );end

Drools Fusion

Drools Fusion: Enables...

Event Detection:From an event cloud or set of streams, select all the meaningful events, and only them.

[Temporal] Event Correlation:Ability to correlate events and facts declaring both temporal and non-temporal constraints between them.

Ability to reason over event aggregation.

Event Sequencing:A ( B OR C ) D

Event Abstraction:Ability to compose complex events from atomic events AND reason over them

Drools Fusion: Features

Support to Event semantics:Usually immutable, but not enforced

Strong temporal relationships

Managed lifecycle

Point-in-time and Interval events

Time semanticsDiscrete

Temporal relationshipsAll 13 operators defined by James Allen (+ negations)

Event Driven Architecture (EDA)

Event Driven Architecture (EDA) is a software architecturepattern promoting the production, detection, consumption of,and reaction to events. An event can be defined as "asignificant change in state"[1]. For example, when aconsumer purchases a car, the car's state changes from "forsale" to "sold". A car dealer's system architecture may treatthis state change as an event to be produced, published,detected and consumed by various applications within thearchitecture.

CEP vs EDA vs SOA

CEP is component of EDA

EDA is **not** SOA 2.0

Complementary architectures

MetaphorIn our body:SOA is used to build our muscles and organs

EDA is used to build our sensory system

$c : Custumer( type == VIP )BuyOrderEvent( customer == $c ) from entry-point Home Broker Stream

Scalability

EntryPoint entryPoint = session.getEntryPoint( Home Broker Stream );entryPoint.insert( event ) ;

So lets allow multiple named entry points for those streamsSo now we can insert different streams concurrentlyPatterns can now optional specify their entry-point. When not specified uses the default entry-point

declare StockTick @role( event )end

declare StockTick @role( event ) @timestamp( timestampAttr )

companySymbol : String stockPrice : double timestampAttr : longend

Automatic Life-Cycle Management

Just use the declare statement to declare a type as an event and it will be retracted when it is no longer needed The declare statement can also specify an internal model, that external objects/xml/csv map on to. We support Smooks and JAXB

$c : Custumer( type == VIP )$oe : BuyOrderEvent( customer == $c ) from entry-point Home Broker Stream BuyAckEvent( relatedEvent == $oe.id, this after[1s, 10s] $oe ) from entry-point Stock Trader Stream

coincides

before

after

meets

metby

overlaps

overlappedby

during

includes

starts

startedby

finishes

finishedby

Operators

BackAckEvent must occur between 1s and 10s 'after' BuyOrderEventThe Full set of Operators are supported

Drools Fusion: Temporal Reasoning

Drools Fusion: Temporal Reasoning

$c : Custumer( type == VIP )$oe : BuyOrderEvent( customer == $c ) from entry-point Home Broker Stream not BuyAckEvent( relatedEvent == $oe.id, this after[1s, 10s] $oe ) from entry-point Stock Trader Stream

Operators

Existing Drools 'not' Conditional Elements can be used to detect non-occurrence of eventsBackAckEvent must occur between 1s and 10s 'after' BuyOrderEvent

Aggregations

$n : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate( $s : StockTicker( symbol == RHAT ) over window:time( 5s ), average( $s.price ) )

Over 5 secondsAggregate ticker price for RHAT over last 5 secondsThe pattern 'Number' reasons 'from' the accumulate result

Aggregations

acc( $s : StockTicker( symbol == RHAT ) over window:time( 5s );

$min : min( $s.price ), $min : min( $s.price ), $avg : avg( $s.price );

$min > 10 && $max < 20 && $avg > 16 )

Over 5 secondsfunctionsAccumlate over dataGuard constraint

Aggregations

Rule Engines do not deal with aggregations

$n : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate( $s : StockTicker( symbol == RHAT ) over window:time( 5s ), average( $s.price ) )

Over 5 secondsAggregate ticker price for RHAT over last 5 secondsThe pattern 'Number' reasons 'from' the accumulate result

CEP Applied at FedEx Custom Critical

Time specific deliveries for critical freight

Exclusive use non-stop door-to-door services

Blended Surface and Air services to minimize cost and transit time

Extra care in handling and specially equipped vehiclesTemperature Control, Secured Services, Hazardous Material, Constant Surveillance

* Presented by Adam Mollemkopf at ORF 2009















At least 50% of Alerts can be reasoned automatically, promoting staff savings and improved Customer and Driver experiences.

Risk Avoidance via pro-active monitoringReduction in insurance claims and shipment service failures

Minimum 30% efficiency gains in shipment monitoring , saving at least 15% of Operations staff cost.


Some numbers (from early 2010):24 x 7 sessions, no downtime

Average of 500k+ facts/events concurrently in memoryBusiness hours: 1M+ facts/events concurrently

Response time for reasoning cycles:Average: 150 ms

Peak: 1.2 sec

Several hundred rules

TMS and Inference

rule "Issue Child Bus Pass"when $p : Person( age < 16 )then insert(new ChildBusPass( $p ) );endrule "Issue Adult Bus Pass"when $p : Person( age >= 16 )then insert(new AdultBusPass( $p ) );end

Couples the logicWhat happens when the Child stops being 16?

TMS and Inference

BadMonolithic

Leaky

Brittle integrity - manual maintenance

TMS and Inference

A rule logically inserts an object

When the rule is no longer true, the object is retracted.

when $p : Person( age < 16 )then logicalInsert( new IsChild( $p ) )endwhen $p : Person( age >= 16 )then logicalInsert( new IsAdult( $p ) )end

de-couples the logicMaintains the truth by
automatically retracting

TMS and Inference

rule "Issue Child Bus Pass"when $p : Person( ) IsChild( person == $p )then logicalInsert(new ChildBusPass( $p ) );endrule "Issue Adult Bus Pass"when $p : Person( age >= 16 ) IsAdult( person == $p )then logicalInsert(new AdultBusPass( $p ) );end

The truth maintenance cascades

TMS and Inference

rule "Issue Child Bus Pass"when $p : Person( ) not( ChildBusPass( person == $p ) )then requestChildBusPass( $p );end

The truth maintenance cascades

TMS and Inference

GoodDe-couple knowledge responsibilities

Encapsulate knowledge

Provide semantic abstractions for those encapsulation

Integrity robustness truth maintenance

Some decisions are complex

What insurance premiumshould I charge?


Business considerationsApplicant's age

Applicant's experience

Sailing qualifications

Value of vessel

Type of cover


Business considerationsApplicant's ageOnly insure people over 25 years of age

If less than 35 add 10% surcharge

If less than 45 add 5% surcharge


Business considerationsApplicant's experienceIf sailing < 5 years then charge +10%

Sailing qualificationsNone charge +100%

Etc...

Enter the decision table

Extract of decision table

Decision Table

Decision Table

rule "Pricing bracket_10"

when Driver(age >= 18, age 1000 ) from accumulate( e: ProcessStartedEvent(
processInstance.processId == "com.sample.order.OrderProcess" ) over window:size(1h), count(e) )then System.err.println( "WARNING: Nb of order processes in the last hour > 1000: " + nbProcesses );end

Rules and Process Together

Exceptional Control Flow

90%

5%3%2%

Exceptional Control Flow

90%Rule1When...Then...Rule2When...Then...Rule3When...Then...5%3%2%

Example: Clinical DSS

Interception

Buy Order AcknowledgementBuy Order RequestProcess PaymentConfirmation

Terminate

When StockMark status == crashThen Terminate Buy Request Process Start System Shutdown Process

Stock Buy Order Request

Interception and Redirection

Get DestinationGet DatesGet OriginProcess PaymentConfirmation

Terminate

When Origin != USA and Destination == USAThen Suspend Flight Booking Process Start ESTA Process OnSuccess Resume Flight Booking OnFailure Terminate Flight Booking

Simple Flight Booking Process

Drools flow in Oryx

Drools flow in Eclipse

Questions?

Questions?

Dave Bowman: All right, HAL; I'll go in through the emergency airlock.

HAL: Without your space helmet, Dave, you're going to find that rather difficult.

Dave Bowman: HAL, I won't argue with you anymore! Open the doors!

HAL: Dave, this conversation can serve no purpose anymore. Goodbye.

Joshua: Greetings, Professor Falken.Stephen Falken: Hello, Joshua.Joshua: A strange game. The only winning move is not to play. How about a nice game of chess?

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CashFlow

dateamounttypeaccountNo

12-Jan-07100CREDIT1

2-Feb-07200DEBIT1

18-May-0750CREDIT1

9-Mar-0775CREDIT1

???Page ??? (???)04/05/2011, 12:38:29Page / CashFlow

dateamounttype

12-Jan-07100CREDIT

9-Mar-0775CREDIT

???Page ??? (???)04/05/2011, 12:38:29Page / CashFlow

dateamounttype

2-Feb-07200DEBIT

???Page ??? (???)04/05/2011, 12:38:29Page / AccountingPeriod

startend

01-Jan-0731-Mar-07

???Page ??? (???)04/05/2011, 12:38:30Page / Account

accountNobalance

10

???Page ??? (???)04/05/2011, 12:38:30Page / Account

accountNobalance

1-25

???Page ??? (???)04/05/2011, 12:38:30Page /

rules, events and workflow

Technology