rural drainage systems in ohio...extent of drainage in ohio • approx. 2/3 of ohio’s cropland or...
TRANSCRIPT
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Rural Drainage An Initiative For Ohio
by Kirk Hines, P.E.
ODNR Division of Soil and Water Conservation
&The Ohio Federation of
Soil and Water Conservation Districts
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Overview of Presentation
I. Rural Drainage – An InitiativeII. Drainage HistoryIII. Drainage SurveyIV. Link to Ohio Water Quality
Standards
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Advisory Committee Member Groups
ODNR-DSWC Rural Drainage Systems Report - 2008
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Rural Drainage Defined•Rural Landscape
•Typically Glaciated
•Historically Channelized
•Upland or Headwaters
•Often < 3 Sq. Miles
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Impacts of Drainage the Good the Bad & the Ugly
• Hydromodification is leading cause of water quality impairment
• Nutrient loading may be significantly increased with improved drainage features
• Habitat degradation is often the result of improper maintenance
• Conservation practices require improved drainage
• Compaction and peak runoff reduced (cropland drained vs. undrained)
• Yields increase• Environmental services
and nutrient assimilation via alternative channel designs
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Extent of Drainage in Ohio
• Approx. 2/3 of Ohio’s cropland or over 7 million acres benefits from drainage practices
• Ohio ranks in top 5 states in the number of acres benefitting from subsurface drainage
• Ohio ranks 1st in the percentage of cropland drained
• Estimate indicates more than 500,000 rural homes/lots rely on group drainage projects
• Approximately 30,000 miles of group projects have been constructed in Ohio
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History of Drainage in Ohio
• 1800’s - excessive wetness and disease primary obstruction in developing Ohio’s economy
• 1840’s - drainage laws were passed• 1860’s - petition ditch laws passed• 1882 – 232 tile manufactures in Ohio• 1884 - Ohio Society of Engineers and Surveyors
report 20,000 miles of public ditches constructed – benefiting 11 million acres of land
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Drainage in Ohio• 1957 - All new petition projects were required to
be put on public maintenance• 1967 – First installation of CPT in Ohio• 1972 study by Byron Nolte reported
• 16,845 miles of constructed channels in 67 counties• 11,248 miles of enclosed drains in 59 counties• 4,353 miles of constructed or reconstructed channels under
maintenance in 67 counties• 65% of Ohio’s cropland needed drainage improvements
• 2006 ODNR-DSWC Survey
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ODNR-DSWC Survey – 2006:
Miles of Projects on County Ditch Maintenance
5472
5070
121
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Open Ditches
Subsurface Mains
Grassed Waterways
Miles
ODNR-DSWC 2006 Survey
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Percentage of Land Benefiting From Drainage
ODNR-DSWC 2006 Survey
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Total Miles of Petition Projects Under Maintenance
ODNR-DSWC 2006 Survey
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Condition of Subsurface Mains and Ditches in the State Not on Maintenance
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Excellent Good Fair Poor Non-Functioning
Condition
%, P
erce
nt MainsDitches
ODNR-DSWC 2006 Survey
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Reasons Projects Are PetitionedReasons for Reconstruction
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
#1 #2 #3
Reasons
# R
espo
nses
Blocked Tile
Sediment Bars
Woody Vegetation
ODNR-DSWC 2006 Survey
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Why Projects Fail To Get Constructed
05
101520253035404550
Lack
of
petit
ion
ditc
hkn
owle
dge
Lack
of s
taff
Loca
lgo
vern
men
tob
ject
ions
or
conc
erns
Env
ironm
enta
lob
ject
ions
or
conc
erns
Land
owne
rob
ject
ion
over
cost
Land
owne
rob
ject
ion
over
desi
gn
Reasons
# R
espo
nses
#3 reason#2 reason#1 reason
ODNR-DSWC 2006 Survey
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Backlog of Petition Projects
ODNR-DSWC 2006 Survey
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Willingness to offer alternative designs that provide more environmental protection.
76%
24%yesno
If there are increased cost
62%
38%
yes
no
ODNR-DSWC 2006 Survey
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Public (petition) vs. Private Projects• Permanent Maintenance• Professional Design Standards Met• Environmental Standards Adhered To
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Environmental Challenges
• Cost of implementing alternative designs• Changing mindset for maintenance &
construction of drainageways• Lack of statewide consistency in
implementing standardized BMP guidelines
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Recommendations
• Outreach• Infrastructure• Funding • Drainage Manual & Environmental
Protocols
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DRAFT
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Manual: Needs Evaluation/Assesment
Document Field Observations
Stream MeasurementsProject Calculations
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Manual: Alternative Drainageway Designs
Traditional Drainageway Construction
Benches in 2-Stage Construction
Others…
•One-sided
•Overwide
•Self-forming
•Natural
•Snag & Clear
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Manual: Maintenance Guidelines•Mowing height
•Other forms of vegetation control
•Time of year for performing maintenance
•Limited dipping (waterline to waterline)
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ODNR-DSWC Rural Drainage Systems Report - 2008
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ODNR-DSWC Rural Drainage Systems Report - 2008
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ODNR-DSWC Rural Drainage Systems Report - 2008
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Watersheds < 2000 Ac.
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Drainage Review
• To gage the effect of proposed rule DSWC conducted a review of drainage projects in five counties involved in drainage projects
County # of Projects
ReviewedDefiance 62Delaware 23Madison 47Seneca 37Wyandot 34
ODNR-DSWC Drainage Review Report - 2009
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xx
x
xx
Drainage Reviews
ODNR-DSWC Drainage Review Report - 2009
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Results – Watershed AcresWateshed Size for Group Projects
12.3%
1.5%
86.2%
> 2000 Ac
2000 to 6400 Ac
Over 6400 Ac
• 175 projects drained less than 2,000 acres
• 25 projects drained between 2,000 and 6,400 acres
• 3 projects drained over 6,400 acres
ODNR-DSWC Drainage Review Report - 2009
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Watersheds < 2000 Ac.
• Step 1 – Is the channel historically channelized?– Gather public records to document the channelization
• Assessment records• Engineering Plans• Recorded Plats
– On-site evidence of channelization• Side cast spoil• Aerial photography• Physical evidence
ODNR-DSWC Drainage Review Report - 2009
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Watersheds < 2000 Ac.
• Step 2 – Is the average channel gradient less than 0.30%?– This step considers the ability of the channel
to develop habitat and natural channel processes on its own
ODNR-DSWC Drainage Review Report - 2009
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Results – Grade > 0.3%
Projects Affected by Grade Restriction
62
47
23
37 34
1.5%6.4% 21.7%
24.3%35.3%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Defiance Madison Delaware Seneca Wyandot
Tota
l Pro
ject
s R
evie
wed
Projects ReviewedFlagged Due to Grade
ODNR-DSWC Drainage Review Report - 2009
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Watersheds < 2000 Ac.
• Step 3 – Is the channel listed in Table 1? This is a listing of Small Stream Survey Data?– This step is to confirm that there is no
biological data available in the project area
ODNR-DSWC Drainage Review Report - 2009
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Confirmed TALU and Data Points
• Confirmed designations have implications on the final design when data has been collected in project reach– This consultation may result in the use of alternative
channel designs
CountyProjects w/ < 2000 Acres w/
Biological Data
% of Projects w/ < 2000 Acres w/ Biological Data
Projects w/ > 2000 Acres w/
Biological Data
% of Projects w/ > 2000 Acres w/ Biological Data
Defiance 1 2% 3 43%
Delaware 2 13% 6 86%
Madison 2 9% 3 43%
Seneca 2 6% 0 0%
Wyandot 1 3% 0 0%
Total for 5 counties
8 5% 12 43%
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Watersheds < 2000 Ac.
• Step 4 – Is the project less than 2,000 feet from a High Quality Water?– High quality waters include:
– Exception Warmwater Habitat– Coldwater Habitat– Superior High Quality Water– Outstanding State Water
– 6 of the 145 (4%) projects with less than 2,000 acres drainage reviewed were flagged by this requirement
ODNR-DSWC Drainage Review Report - 2009
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Watersheds < 2000 Ac.
• Step 5 – Consider design options, funding sources, and watershed plans– At this point, if funds are available, designers
are encouraged to implement ecological designs, but a traditional trapezoidal design can be used as the channel design
ODNR-DSWC Drainage Review Report - 2009
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Watersheds < 2000 Ac.
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770 Acres, Legacy WWH, 0.42%, Resource Agency Consultation
Jones Lateral
ODNR-DSWC Drainage Review Report - 2009
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Jose Wamp
1300 Acres, Confirmed WWH, 0.07%, Resource Agency Consultation
ODNR-DSWC Drainage Review Report - 2009
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4700 Acres, Confirmed WWH, Resource Agency Consultation
Primmer
ODNR-DSWC Drainage Review Report - 2009
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Summary
• 60 of the 203 (approx. 30%) projects reviewed required an agency consultation or modification to the channel design approach
ODNR-DSWC Drainage Review Report - 2009