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Page 1: Russia Geography
Page 2: Russia Geography

Geography• World’s largest country, lies on Europe and Asia

• Gigantic size and harsh climates make transportation difficult

• European Russia is warmer than Asian Russia

• 75% of population live in European Russia

• Russia touches many inland bodies of water such as Black Sea, Caspian Sea, and Lake Baikal

• Caucasus Mountains = south of European Russia

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Ural Mountains

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Lake Baikal

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Vocabulary• Urban =

• Rural =

• Suburbs =

• Tundra =

• Taiga =

• Steppes =

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Moscow

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Inside the Kremlin

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Trans-Siberian Railroad

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Siberia

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Volga River

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Mole Rats

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Culture• Over 145 million people and over 150

different ethnic groups

• Religions =Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, or Jewish

• St. Petersburg has many beautiful museums and is home to the Marinsky Theatre = one of Russia’s top ballet companies

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Russian Slavs

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Vocabulary

• Majority Culture =

• Minority Cultures =

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Culture• Russians enjoy all kinds of literature,

including folktales called skazki

• Russian Orthodox Church = incredibly popular and thriving even though communism tried to eliminate it

• Russian Orthodoxy was responsible for a Slavic alphabet called Cyrillic

• ¾ of Russian people live in cities, mostly in large apartment blocks

• Russian workers are celebrated on May Day

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Vladimir I ChoseEastern Orthodoxy

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Economy• Russia has large deposits of coal, oil, and gas

• Southwestern area can produce high yields of grains

• Fishing industry is one of the largest in the world

• Forests of Siberia provide plenty of timber

• However, Russia’s economy is not strong due to years of communist control of farms and factories which denied people the experience of creating jobs, starting businesses, and making money

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Economy• Siberia has the largest supply of minerals

• Volga River carries almost ½ of Russia’s river traffic and provides water for irrigation and hydroelectric power

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History• During Ad 800, Slavs built a civilization

around the city of Kiev = Kievan Rus

• Mongols swept in during the 1200’s and greatly reduced Kiev’s wealth and power

• Russian rulers slowly expanded their power and land size = called czars, had complete and total control over the government

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History

• At the bottom of society were great masses of people called serfs = farm laborers who were attached to the land

• Serfs lived hard lives and few could read and write

• In late 1800’s, began to industrialize to rely more on manufacturing and less on farming

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Czar Alexander II

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Czar Nicholas II

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Soviet Era• In 1917, political leaders, soldiers, and factory

workers forced Czar Nicholas II to give up the throne

• Vladimir Lenin led a second revolution and seized control, set up a communist government, which had strict control of the government and society

• In 1922 Russian Communist leaders formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics = U.S.S.R

• Joseph Stalin took power after Lenin died, government took tighter control of country and many people suffered

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Vladimir Lenin

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Joseph Stalin                                                                                                                   

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Communist Sniper

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Soviet Era• After WWII, Stalin set up communist governments

in many neighboring Eastern European countries

• From late 1940’s to late 1980’s US and USSR waged a Cold War, in which both nations competed for world influence without actually fighting each other

• Soviet Union included Russians and people from many other ethnic groups

• In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev took power and relaxed Soviet control

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Cold War Movies

Rocky IV 13 Days

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Mikhail Gorbachev

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Soviet Union Dissolved• In late 1991, each of the 15 republics

made up of Soviet Union declared independence and the Soviet Union dissolved

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Berlin Wall

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Change from Communism• Changed from communism to free enterprise

immediately

• Under communism everyone had jobs, workers today can lose their jobs when business is poor

• Without government controls, prices have risen making it harder to buy necessities such as food, clothing

• Major Environmental issues due to the old Soviet government making factories and nuclear plants that polluted the environment

• Diseases have resulted from air pollution

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Challenges of Change• Russia is a democracy today• Russian president has more power than US,

can implement plans that are not passed by legislature

• Facing challenges of learning how to be a democracy

• Ethnic groups want to form their own country

• Chechens of Chechnya want their own nation, have used terrorism to get attention, Russia has had to use force to keep them in the country

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Finally, We are Finished