russia: reform and revolution
DESCRIPTION
1815 to 1910. Russia: Reform and Revolution. I.) Background of Times. Russia in mid-1800’s = large amount of land, natural resources, and population and had ideas of expansion! Problems : 1. lacked industry 2. landlocked (no port on Mediterranean Sea) 3. wide range of ethnic peoples - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Russia: Reform and Revolution](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/5681306a550346895d96472d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Russia:Reform and Revolution1815 to 1910
![Page 2: Russia: Reform and Revolution](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/5681306a550346895d96472d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
I.) Background of TimesA. Russia in mid-1800’s = large amount of land, natural
resources, and population and had ideas of expansion!B. Problems:
1. lacked industry2. landlocked (no port on Mediterranean Sea)3. wide range of ethnic peoples
- Belorussians (west)- Ukranians (south)- Great Russians (north/central)
![Page 3: Russia: Reform and Revolution](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/5681306a550346895d96472d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
C. Politics:1. Czar (name given to Russian leader)2. Autocratic Ruler (holds absolute power)
- Alexander I (1801-1825)- Nicholas I (1825-1855)
D. Domestic Policy:1. Censor speech/press2. Russification: program for non-Russians to adopt language, religion, & customs
E. Foreign Policy:1. Pan-Slavism= unite all Slavic people2. Expand into Asia & toward Ottoman
Empire (aide the Balkan People)
![Page 4: Russia: Reform and Revolution](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/5681306a550346895d96472d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
II.) Reforms under Czar Alexander IIA. In 1855 Alexander II becomes czar of RussiaB. Liberal Reforms:
1. Emancipation Edict: 1861 all serfs living in Russia are free
Result: cheap source of labor for factories
2. 1864: Creates new local government Result: Zemstvos= councils at provincial &
county levels
3. Other reforms:- Reformed the courts, - limited powers of secret police - gave press greater freedom - reorganized military
![Page 5: Russia: Reform and Revolution](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/5681306a550346895d96472d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
C. Radical groups1. Nihilists= 1860’s group of middle class & intellectuals revolutionaries
2. Populists= 1870’s group of revolutionaries
3. People’s Will= radical group who carried out terrorism
Outcome: - Attempt to assassinate govt. official and czar - killed by terrorist bomb in 1881
![Page 6: Russia: Reform and Revolution](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/5681306a550346895d96472d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
III.) The Czars of RussiaA. In 1881 Alexander III becomes CzarB. Halts all reforms in Russia: (180* turn)
- strict censorship- secret police- oppressed nationalist groups- Pogroms (violence against Jews & Muslims)
- one language and one church
C. In 1894 Nicholas II becomes Czar- Autocratic Rule- Higher taxes & foreign investments
Result: rapid industrializationExample: Trans-Siberian Railway=
worlds largest continuing railroad (1891-1904)
![Page 7: Russia: Reform and Revolution](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/5681306a550346895d96472d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
IV.) Unrest Leads to Revolution
A. Growth of industry creates larger gap between the rich & poor
Outcome: - Russian Marxists lead by Karl Marx believe industrial workers can overthrow the czar:• Mensheviks (political overthrow)• Bolsheviks (violent overthrow; lead by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin)
![Page 8: Russia: Reform and Revolution](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/5681306a550346895d96472d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
B. Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)1. Japan vs. Russia for control of Manchuria & Korea
Outcome: -Russia defeated -govt. seen as weak & corrupt
C. Bloody Sunday (Jan. 22, 1905)1. 200,000 protestors march w/
petition of rights for workers for Czar Nicholas II to sign
2. Military fires upon crowd killing between 500-1,000
3. Provokes waves of strikes & violence around the country……… “Revolution of 1905”
![Page 9: Russia: Reform and Revolution](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/5681306a550346895d96472d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Results:- the Duma created (Russia’s first parliament)- Czar is NOT overthrown……………….......…
YET!