russia - shelby county schools · a vast land: climate & geography of russia chapter 8 section...
TRANSCRIPT
Notes Outline
I. A Vast ExpanseII. Bodies of Water
III. ClimateIV. One Country, Two ContinentsV. North European Plain: European Russia
VI. Siberia: Asian RussiaVII. Kamchatka Peninsula
I. A Vast Expanse
• World’s largest country• Almost twice size of U.S.• “Eurasian” country: Russia lies on both Europe
& Asia • Borders 14 countries• 11 time zones
II. Bodies of Water
• North: Arctic Ocean• East: Pacific Ocean• Caspian Sea & Black Sea form natural borders
between southwestern Russia & Eastern Europe– Caspian Sea: size of CA/largest inland saltwater
body in the world
Lake Baikal in Siberia is world’s largest and deepest freshwater lake holding 20% of world’s unfrozen freshwater. (oldest lake in the world)
III. Climate
• Four climate zones: steppe, humid continental, sub arctic & tundra
• Western Russia: summers are warm/rainy; winters are cold/snowy
• Eastern Russia: summers are short/cool; winters are long/snowy
• Most ports are closed parts of the year due to ice
IV. One country, Two continents
• Russia lies on two continents• Ural Mountains act as a separation between two
continents:– Europe– Asia
V. North European Plain:European Russia
• 75% of Russia’s population lives here• Mild climate• Majority of Russia’s industry & agriculture• Good farmland (the steppe)• Caucasus Mountains form southern border with
Georgia & Azerbaijan
VI. Siberia: Asian Russia
• Located east of Ural Mountains• One of world’s coldest climateNorthern Siberia: Tundra & permafrost cover
40% of Russia; taiga in the south– Fishing, hunting seals & walruses, herding reindeer– Few people
Southern Siberia: Plains, plateaus & mountains– Home to Siberian Tiger (endangered), bear, reindeer,
lynx, wolf, elk, etc.
VII. Kamchatka Peninsula
• Mountainous • Over 120 volcanoes (20 active)• Part of “Ring of Fire”
(zone of active volcanoes that forms the western, northern, and eastern edges of Pacific)
8.2 Outline
I. Early Russiaa) Rise of the Czars
II. The Soviet Eraa) Russian Revolutionb) Growth of Soviet Powerc) USSR under Stalind) The Cold Ware) Problems in the Soviet Unionf) Gorbachev tries to fix the problemsg) Collapse of the Soviet Union
I. Early Russia
A. Rise of the Czars• Czar :Russian ruler with total
control over government• Czars ruled Russia from
1500s-1917• Expanded Russia’s borders (page
246)• Westernized Russia by
encouraging industrialization– Industrialization: economy
relies on manufacturing (rather than farming)
Peter the Great (1672-1725)
St. Petersburg:• “Venice of the North”
• Served as capital of Russia until 1917 when it was moved to Moscow
II. The Soviet Era
A. The Russian Revolution• 1914 WWI affects all of Europe• food shortages blamed on Czar• Vladimir Lenin leads political revolution to
overthrow Czar Nicholas II *LAST CZAR*
The 300-year-old Romanov dynasty ended on June 17, 1918 when the entire royal family was murdered. Nicholas II was the last czar of Russia.
II. The Soviet Era (continued)
B. Growth of Soviet Power1. Lenin sets up a Communist stateCommunist state: strong government control of economy &
society.
2. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, called USSR3. Formed in 19224. 15 republics (including Russia)
C. USSR Under Stalin
1. Lenin dies in 1924 & Joseph Stalin becomes leader until after WWII
2. Government takes complete control of economy: Command /Communist Economy
3. Those who opposed/disagreed with Stalin sent to prison camps in Siberia
II. The Soviet Era (continued)
D. The Cold War: 1940- late 1980s 1. After WWII, Stalin setup communist governments in
neighboring countries 2. These became satellite nations controlled by USSR-said to
be behind an “iron curtain.” 3. US & USSR engage in competition for world influence
without any actual fighting (ex. Space Race)
II. The Soviet Era (continued)
E. Problems in the Soviet Union1. Lack of competition in economy caused
government-owned factories to be inefficient & produce poor-quality goods
2. Government spent too much money on military causing scarcity (not enough) of food
3. Many different ethnic groups resent/dislike Russian control of government
II. The Soviet Era (continued)
F. Gorbachev attempts to fix the problems
1. Mikhail Gorbachev becomes leader in 1985
2. Introduces changes such as perestroika & glasnost to help economy:– Perestroika: “restructuring”;
loosened government control of economy
– Glasnost: “openness”; people allowed to speak freely
II. The Soviet Era (continued)