russian - phrase dictionary and study guide

5/13/2018 Russian - Phrase Dictionary and Study Guide

A FEW W ORDS FROM CHAR LE S B ER L IT ZW O RLD FA MO US L IN GU IS T

Let me introduce you to the cassette course youhave chosen to study. In it you will find the basicphrases needed for communication in this lan-guage. There are two important things to remem-ber about learning a new language:Be interested in the people, their countryand language.VVantto learn the language.Practice it as often as you can. Nothing ismore effective in creating a friendly atmo-sphere and nothing flatters people morethan when a foreigner tries to speak theirlanguage.

The voice on these cassettes will say a phrasein English. Then you will hear the translation ofthe phrase repeated twice. During the pauseafter the second repetition, repeat the phrasealoud. Try to imitate the pronunciation as nearlyas you can.Read the words as they are spoken on the cas-sette and use the guide to help you rememberthe words and pronounce them during thepauses. Remember, knowing the language is thebest way of knowing the country and enjoyingit more.

Charles Berlitz

Phrase Dictionarand Study Guid

R u s s i a nPYCCKUMISBN 0-910542-86-4

,It

l A N G U A G E ! 3 0Educational ServiceWashington, D.


Russian EditorInna Dubinsky, Ph.D.

EditorAnnie ScarboroughProduced byBrian J. Wright

Recorded by Evan Haning, Inna Dubinsky,and Val Golovskoy

Published by Educational Services Corporation1725 K Street, N.W., Suite 408Washington, D.C. 20006

1995 Educational Services Corporation, Washington, D.C.All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproducedin any form without permission from the publisher.All LANGUAGE/30 components produced in the U.S.A.

CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONPRONUNCIATION HINTSTHE RUSSIAN ALPHABET (Side 1) . . . . . ..SOUNDS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE. . . . . . . . . .GENERAL EXPRESSIONSSalutationsEveryday ExpressionsIntroductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inquiries on the StreetNUMBERS, TIME, COLORSNumbers... . . . . . .(Side2)TimeDays of the Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Months of the Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ColorsPERSONAL NEEDSAt the Hotel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Money. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Food and Drink (Side 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .At the RestaurantShoppingLeisureCOMMUNICATIONSThe Post Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .At the Office (Side 4)The Telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . .TRANSPORTATIONPlaces of InterestA TripIn the CarAt the AirportAt Customs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


EMERGENCY & MEDICAL SITUATIONS 37SOCIAL CUSTOMS & POLITE EXPRESSIONS . . . . . .. 40BASIC RUSSIAN GRAMMAR (not recorded) 42IMPORTANT SIGNS (not recorded) 46VOCABULARY INDEX 48

Read the Introduction before turning on cassette side 1INTRODUCTION

Until 1990, when the USSR (the Union of Soviet SocRepublics, or Sayooz Savyetskikh Satsi/isteechiskiRispOoplik) became the Commonwealth of IndepenStates (CIS), Russian was the official language of the RuSocialist Federal Soviet Republic (RSFSR), and the seofficial language in the national republics and autonomregions of the USSR.Today, Russian is the native language of some 160 mpeople in the former Soviet territory. It is the official langof the Russian Republic, and isone of the six official languof the United Nations Organization. Russian is also spby millions of descendants of Russian immigrants througthe world.Russian belongs to the Slavic branch of the Indo-Eurogroup of languages. Other languages of the Slavic brinclude Ukrainian, Byelorussian, Bulgarian, Slovak, SlovPolish, Czech, Serbian and Croatian. A knowledge of Ruwill help you to communicate with speakers ofthese languwhich are much more similar to Russian than FrencSpanish, for example, are to English.English has borrowed a number of words from Rusincluding balalaika (a stringed musical instrument), troiksled pulled by three horses; or a group of three),babushka (meaning grandmother in Russian - with the aon the first syllable - but often used in English with the aon the second syllable to refer to a woman's headscarf)Russian is written in the Cyrillic alphabet and manythirty-three letters closely resemble Greek letters on wthe Cyrillic alphabet was originally based.When you start the cassette player, you will hear the soof the Russian vowels and consonants. You will thenEnglish phrases immediately translated into Russian.Russian phrase is repeated, then followed by a pause. Dthe pause, say the Russian phrase aloud.


r Tests show that a word spoken ten to twenty times isremembered more readily than a word seen fifty to onehundredtimes, so say the phrases aloud as often as possible.When you hear words spoken by Russian-speaking people,inconversation and on television or radio, say them to yourself.Try to pronounce words you see on signs and in books,magazines, and newspapers.

PRONUNCIATION HINTSRussian is a phonetic language, meaning that each letter orcombination of letters has, by and large, only one sound.There are exceptions to rules of pronunciation in everylanguage, but in Russian these exceptions are few. Thismakes Russian quite easy to pronounce once you rememberthe basic principles (see the pronunciation chart).Note that, throughout the text, sounds that are written alikemay vary in pronunciation depending on adjacent sounds (oreven on the social situation). Training your ear to detectthese variations will sharpen not only your pronunciationskills but also your understanding of spoken Russian.Only one syllable is stressed in each word. Most of theRussian vowel sounds are only heard distinctly when theyoccur within the stressed syllable. Thus, unstressed 0soundslike a, unstressed H and unstressed e sound like i. In thepronunciation column in this course, words of more than onesyllable have an accent over the stressed vowel. You willnotice that the 9 sound (r) is pronounced as a v in wordssuch as ero (yevo) and qero (chevo), and that the ch sound(q) is pronounced as sh in the word qTO (shto).The Key to Pronunciation which follows will help you to readand pronounce Russian. Listen to the sounds of the Russianletters as they are pronounced for you. The guide usessystematic approximations of Russian vowels and consonantsbased on sounds familiar to a speaker of American English.This guide should serve to helpyou learn the Russian alphabetand sound system. The bestway to perfect your pronunciationis to listen closely to the Russian speakers, and imitate theirpronunciation.N ow start the cassette on side 1.

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STHE RUSSIAN ALPHABET

AEBr)J,EE)K3MHKJlMHOnpCTY D X u qIII uib bI b 3 10 51

SOUNDS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGEc::2.!puseeQ,

DIPHTHONGS'a M as y_n fly_ ay ' l a M chay

----~------

e M as~ in pr~ ey ) l e T e M dee-tyeH M as ee in see iy P Y C C K H M roo-skiy_ouO M as g y _ in boy oy M O M moyY M as uoy in buoy ooy H a p H c Y M na-ri-sob l M similar to curry_ iy q e p H b l M chor-ni

without the rVOWELSa when stressed, ah K a p T e kahr-ty

as a in fatherwhen unstressed, a apriya ar-boosas a in hat

e when stressed, ye a l l T e K a ap-tye-or in the finalsyllable, as ~in~twhen unstressed, ee K a p T e kahr-teas ee in green

Diphthongs are combinations of two vowel sounds within osyllable.

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I t: : t: : e t: :J!L t:: :8 s J ! ! . r : : :8 sa~i: .~ .! 1 ! ~ c : : .! 1 .!1t: : . . . . 1 :1 ) C I I Q t::..!!! Q t: : ~ O J . . ! ! ! Q t : : " ! ! ! Q.! 1 .. ~,ff " i t: : .! 1 Q. .!1 .. o,ff t: : .! 1 t:l. s:1 &;; .... .~ '" 12 t: : :1 &;; .... g~ :1 2 t: :,vj :;, [g ~ e t :l .QJ' : ;, o .... :;,~ e!J ~::i ,f f a:& : ; , C I I ~::i ,f f a:&t4i Q. tt..., tt4i Q.e similar to yo C3MoneT sa-ma-Iyot B as v in van v BHHO vee-noYSJ_n YSJ_re before a f RTOpHHK ftor-nikwhen stressed, ee ITHBa pee-va voiceless sound,or at the end ofas ee in green a word, as f in !itwhen unstressed, i H310M iz-yoom ~--.~-as i in pin r as 9 in get g rJle gdyeas y_n boy_ Moil moy before a voice- k CHer snyekil y less sound, or

0 when stressed, 0 HOMep no-meer at the end of aas 0 in or word, as ~ in ~itwhen unstressed, a 3TO e-ta ----------- -as a in hat as 9 in 909 d Jla dahbefore a BHHOrpaJl vee-na-y as 00 in book 00 xypc koors voiceless sound, grahtas e in let e e-ta or at the end of a3 3TO word, as t in topas in Y Q ! : ! yoo 61Opo byoo-ro ---10 as s in measure zh zhi-vooKHBYya-bla-ki - -51 when stressed, ya 5I5nOKH before a sh HO)K noshas ~ in y~rd voiceless sound,when unstressed, ye 5I3hlKe ye-zi-kye or at the end ofas~ in~t a word, as shsay 00 in boot, Kpa6hl krah-bi in showhI ----- --- - --but spread lips 3 as z in zoo z 'maIO znah-yoand arch back of -------------tongue upwards K as k in kit k KTO kto~--~ .. ----_ ..

CONSONANTS n as I in middle najana lahm-pa- ---as b in bat b 51Opo byoo-ro M as m in man m MeHIO meen-y~---------. --_----~-before a P rapJJ:epo6 gar-dee- H as n in note n nora na-gahvoiceless** rop ---._-- ---- __ -- ... _ --~sound, or at the IT as Q in Qin p 1l5lTh pyat'-__------end of a word, p as a rolled r PYCCKHti roo-skiyas QinQit as s in sit s cpeJla sri-dah** Voiceless sounds are K, n, c, T, c p , X, u, 4, ill,and ur, ~--_~--.

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----c: t: ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCK. $J~ :8 :28~c: .!! .!!e ~ I:J )..! / (j c:.. ! / (j GENERAL EXPRESS IONS: .!! Q s!! ! .. o,ff g.~~ a CI)' " 5 #E c:: : : r E&~ ~ : : i t 8 " tf& 0:1I.i Q. SALUTATIONS npUBETCTBU

T as! in top TaM tahm 3npaBCTByt!Te!ello! zdrahst-vooy-tye!(jJ as f in fit Ko(jJe ko-fye Welcome! da-bro )].o6pox as ch in the kh X04Y kha-choo pa-zhah-Io-vat' nozcanoaa'rsGerman "Bach" Good morning. do-bra-ye oo-tra. )] .o6poe yrpo,1 1 as ts in hats ts lIBeT tsvyet Good day. do-brly dyen'. )].06pbIW neHb.q as ch in chop ch qat! chay Good evening. do-My vye-cheer. )].06pbl t! eexepIII as sh in short sh IlIeCTb shyest' Goodbye. dah svee-dah-ni-ya. )].0 CB~naH~SI.III as shch in shch 60pIll borshch See you. dah fstre-chi.push-chair )].0 scrpeva.b The hard sign has EVERYDAY nOBCEllHEB-no sound value EXPRESSIONS HhlE "PA3b The soft sign Honb nol' Yes. dah. )].a.adds a slight y ceMbSI seem'-ya

sound to the No. nyet. HeT.preceding O K. kha-ra-sho. Xopouro,consonant Really? nye-oo-zhe-li? Heyzceria?

Please. pa-zhah- Ioc-s ta . Ilozcanyacra.Thank you. spa-see-ba. CnacM60.Thank you very bal'-sho-ye Eonsuroemuch. spa-see-be. cnacnrio,

You're welcome. or pa-zhah-Ioo-sta. Ilozcanysicra.Don't mention it.I don't know. ya nye znah-yoo. 5 1 He 3HaIO.I think so. doo-mah-yoo,

shto dah.1 This may be said at any time of the day, but only once a dayanyone person.

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ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKHHdoo-mah-yoo,shto nyet.-- -------- --- shto V Idoo-mah-ye-tye?

I don't thinkso. )J.YMalO,' ITO HeT.

What do youthink?

4TO RbInyvaere?------- ---------Why not? pa-chee-moo nyet? nO'IeMY HeT'?

----- -vloo-vye-ree-nl? BbI yacpeuu?re you sure?It's fine. fsyo kha-ra-sho,

- - ----------Bee XopOWO.Yes, certainly.------Maybe.

Of course.

dah, ka-nyesh-na. )J.a, KOHe'lHO.-----------vaz-mozh-na. B03MO.lKHO.- -- ----ka-nyesh-na.

Is it possible?------ - -------e-ta ree-ahl' -na? 3TO peam.no?It doesn't matter. nye sto-it. He CTOYIT.Be careful. as-ta-rozh-na. OCTOPO)KHO.

--- -------- --_-_ .._----Look at this! pa-sma-tree-tye! nOCMOTp"Te!---------pa-sloo-shay-tye! Flocnymasire!isten to this!---------------- -------Come withme!

id-yom-tyesa mnoy!

MneMTeco MHOti!

What is this?What is that?

shto e-ta?-----shto tahm?l .J:ro 3TO?

--- ...-----.-~"What is it like? shto e-ta ta-ko-ye? 4TO 3TO 'raxoe?- -----Doyou like it? vam nrah-vi-tsa? BaM HpaRI1TCH?-------It is beautiful. pree-krahs-na. Ilpexpacno.

It is delicious. fkoos-na. Bxycno.It is wonderful. za-mee-chah- 3aMe4aTeJlbHO.

teel' na.----

I t is interesting. in-tee-ryes-na. MHTepecHo.

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ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKIt is exciting. oo-vlee-kah- YRJIeKaTeJlbHOteel'-na.Where is the gdye ga-stra~nom? rile raCTQoHoMgrocery store?bathroom too-a-Iyet TyaJI\;~T

-TWhat is the shto 4TOmatter? sloo-chee-Ias'? CJIY'IYlJIOCbAre you all right? fsyo kha-ra-sho? Bee XOPOIIIO'?--- ---_I'm~. ya kha-choo yest'. 5 1 XOlJY ecrr..thirsty peet' II11ThI'm tired. (ms) ya oo-stahl. 5 1 ycran.or (fs) ya oo-stah-Ia. 5 1 y cran a.I'm happy. (ms) ya raht. 5 1 pan,or (fs) ya rah-da, 5 1 pana.I'm sad. mnye groos-na. Mile rpycruo.

---_----------_I'm cold. mnye kho-Iad-na. Mile XOJIOnHO---------------I'm fine.2 fsyo kha-ra-sho. Bee xopouro.Please do not pa-zhah-Ioos-ta, nO)f(aJIyi1cTa.disturb me. nye bee-spa- He fiecnoxoji'rkoy-tee meen-ya. MeHH.INTRODUCTIONS 3HAKOMCTBOMy name is meen-ya za-voot MeHSI 'JORyTVanya. vahn-ya. BaHSI.What is your kahk vahs KaK Racname? za-voot? 30RYT'?his name ye-vo eraher name ye-yo eeAre you Basil V I va-see-liy BhI BacnnaaYesenin? ye-sye-nin? ECeHI1H?

2 Literally: Everything is fine.

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l 1 l i " " " ' " -ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKH" ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKPleasemeet pa-zna-kom' -tyes', I103HaKoMbTecb, Please speak pa-zhah-Ioo-sta, I10)KaJIyt!CTa,Sasha Gorkov. pa-zhah-Ioo-sta, noxcanyjicra, more slowly. ga-va-ree-tye rOBOpl1Te

S sah-shey C Camet! myed-Iee-ney. MeAneHHeiigor-ka-vim. rOpKOBbIM. Do you vi pa-nee-mah- Bbi IlOHI1MaeTemy colleague ma-yeem MOI1M understand? ee-tye?kaHye-gay xonneron

my friend ma-yeem MOI1M I don't ya nye }IHe nOHI1MalOdroo-gam npyrosr understand. pa-nee-mah-yoo.Pleased to o-cheen' 04eHb I'm sorry. eez-vee-nee-tye. J1'3Bl1HI1Te.meet you. pree-yaht-na. npl151THO. Could you repeat pa-fta-ree-tye, I1oBTOpl1Te,or pree-yaht-na pa- I1pl151THO it, please? pa-zhan-loo-sta. IlO)KaJIyt!CTa.zna-ko-mee-t'sya. n03HaKOMI1TbCH.

How are things? kahg dee-lah? KaK nena? Where are you gdye vi Tne Bbi )KI1BeTstayinq?" zhi-vyo-tye?I'm fine, thanks. fsyo kha-ra-sho, Bee xopouro, I am staying at ya zhi-voo v }I )KilBY Bspa-see-ba. cnacnfio. the Siavanskaya ga-stee-ni-tsye fOCTl1Hl1ueWhere are at-koo-da vi? OTKYAa BbI? Hotel. sla-vyan-ska-ya "CnaBHHCKaHyou from? Have you been vi rahn'-shye bi-li Bbi paasure

I am from ya iz a-m~e-ri-ki. }I113AMepI1KI1. to Russia v ra-see-i? 6bInl1 Bthe USA. before? POCCI1I1?Great Britain ahng-li-i AHfn1111

This is my first e-ta moy pyer-viy 3TO MOt! nepnuCanada ka-nah-di KaHaAbIAustralia af-strah-I i-i ABCTpanl111 visit to Russia. vi-zeet vra-see- BI1311TByoo. POCCI1IO.Where do gdye vi rne BbI Are you married? vi zhee-nah-ti? BbI )KeHaTbI?you live? zhi-vyo-tye? )KI1BeTe? (said to a male)I live in ya zhi-voo v 5 1 . )KilBY B or (said to a vi zah-moo-zheem? BbI '3aMY)KeM?Washington, DC. va-shink-to-nye. BaWI1HfTOHe female)

How do you say kak ska-zaht' KaK CKa3aTb How is your wife? kak vah-sha KaK aaura )KeH~ ..~-it in Russian? pa roo-ski? no-pyccxn? zhee-nah?your husband vahsh mooshDo you speak vi ga-va-ree-tye Bbi fOBOp"Te Barn My)KEnglish? pa-ahn-glee-ski? no-anr nl1t1cKI1? your mother vah-sha maht' Barna MaTbyour father vahsh a-tyets BaIIl oreuYes, a little. dah, neem-no-ga. Ua, HeMHoro. your daughter vah-sha doch' Barna A04bI don't speak ya plo-kha ga-va- 5 1 . nnoxo rOBOplO your son vahsh sin Barn cunRussian well. ryoo pa roo-ski. no-pyccxn. 3 Literally:Where are you living?

4 5


ENGLISH ENGLISH PYCCKRONUNCIATION PYCCK""your sister vah-shasee-strahyour brother vahsh braht

_"_---- .---,-".~----.-My best wishes pri-vyetto your family. seem'-ye.Would you liketo come tomy house onSaturday?"---Would you like tocome for lunch?dinnercoffee

What are youdoing?

Where are yougoing?

I'm goingto work.shopping----Could I gowith you?

I have to beback byseven o'clock.

Please waitfor me.

ya kha-choopri-gla-seet'vas k sib-yef soo-bo-too.

ya kha-choopri-gla-seet'vas na lahnch.a-byetko-fye

shto vi dye-Ia-ee-tye?

koo-dah viid-yo-tye?ya i-doo nara-bo-too.v ma-ga-zeen

-----.---mozh-na ya pay-doc s vah-mi?mnye nah-da veer-noot' -sa k see-mee cha-sahm.

pa-zhah-loc-sta,pa-dazh-dee-tyemeen-ya.

PRONUNCIATIONWe are in a hurry. mYta-ro-pim-sya.Is Basil at home? va-see-liy do-ma?He's not at home. ye-vo nyet do-rna.She's not at home. ye-yo nyet do-mao

R aw 6pa TI T pMR e Tcewse.

He's not here. ye-vo nyet.IXOllYnparnacar s sacK ce6e Rcy65OTY

She's not here. ye-yo nyet.--------

When will he kag-dah onreturn? veer-nyo-tsa?kag-dah a-nahveer-nyo-tsa?

---pa-zhah-Ioo-sta,fkha-dee-tye.

Make yourselfat home.Would you likesomethingto eat?to drink peet'----------Do you smoke? vi koo-ree-tye?

Do you mind vi ni vaz-ra-zhah- Bu Heif I smoke? ye-tye, ya aoapazcaere.

za-koo-ryoo? 51 'laKYplO?--------------------------00 vas yest' Y sac ecr sspeech-~? cnM4KH?

}IX04Ynpurnactrr ssac na naas.o6ellKOlPe

When will shereturn?

Please come in.LITO RbIne.naere? Please sit down.

Kyna RbIMAeTe?

}IHAY Hapa50TY R Mara'lHH

M O ) l(H O 5 11 I0 H A YcRaMM?

MHe nanoRepHYTbCSI KCeMI1 4acaM.

I T O ) l ( a n yHCT a .1I0l .\O) l( I l l1T eMeH5I.

Do you havea light?

6

Msr cenxacYXOAMM.

I don't smoke.I T O ) l ( a n yHCT a .He xypnre.

We're leaving rni see-chahsright now. oo-kho-deem.Are you ready? vi ga-to-vi?-----------------------

Would you mindnot smoking,please?

4 Literally: I would like to invite you to my (house) on Saturday.Bbl rOTORbl?

sa-dee-tyes' ,pa-zhah-Ioo-sta.

bood'-ti kagdo-mao

kha-tee-tyeYI!!it'?

Mbl TOporIMMCSBaCI1JIHH nOMaEra HeT AOMa.Ee HeT nova.Era HeT.Ee HeT.Kama OHBepHeTC5I'?

Korna O H aRepHeTC5I?

Ilozcanyacra.RXOAHTe.

CaAHTeCb.no scany j ic ' ra .

6YAbTe KaKnOMa.

XonrreeCTb?

IIMTb-----_ _-Bu KYPHTe?

ya nye koo-ryoo. }IHe KYplO.pa-zhah-loo-sta,nye koo-ree-tye.

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ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKHH ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKThanks for a mi pree-krahs-na Mbl npexpacao Please show pa-zhah-Ioo-sta, Flox anyjic'ra,wonderful time. pra-vee-Iee vrye- npoaenn BpeMH, me where pa-ka-zhee-tye na noxascrrre nmya, spa-see-ba. cnacnrio. we are on kahr-tye, gdye mi xapre, rne M

Have a safe zhee-Iah-yoo )KenalO this map. na-kho-dim-sya. HaXOAHMCH.trip home. bla-ga-pa-Iooch- 6narononYQHO Please write pa-zhah-Ioo-sta, Ilo.xanyacra,na da- braht'-sa A06paTbC5! it down. na-pi-shee-tye. aannunrre.

da-moy. AOMOH. Turn right. pa-veer-nee-tye IIOBepHI1TeCome see pree-kha-dee-tye IIPllxoAIITe euie. na-prah-va. uanpaao.us again. ye-shchyo. Turn left. pa-veer-nee-tye IIoRepHI1Te

INQUIRIES ON BOIIPOCbl na-Iye-va. naneso.THE STREET HA YflHQE Go straight ahead. i-dee-tye prya-ma. HAliTe npauo.

Could you tell me kak mnye da- KaK MHe NUMBERS, TIME, COLORSthe way to the braht' -sa do a- A06paTbcSI AOU.S. Embass~? meer-i-kahn-ska- AMeQIIKaHcKoro NUMBERS 1.JHCJ1Ava Qa-sol' stva? noconscrna?the main square da glahv-noy AO rnaaaoa zero nol' HOJlbplo-shcha-di nJlOmaAII one a-deen OAIIH

Where is the gdye tsy~!-kaf'? I 'ne uepKoBb? two dvah ABachurch? three tree TpHthe cathedral sa-bor c060p four chee-ti-rye QeTblpethe park pahrk five pyat' nHTbnapx six shyest' urecrsWhat is the ka-kah-ya e-ta Kaxas 3TO seven syem' ceMbname of this oo-li-tsa? yJ111I~a? eight yo-seem' nocexn,street? nine dye-vit' J{eRSlTb

How far is it to kak da-Iee-ko KaK AaJleKO ten dye-sit' J{eCSlTbthe Historical i-sta-ree-chee-skiy IICTOplI'leCKllii Side 2Museum? moo-zey? MY3eii?

Which way gdye sye-veer? [LIe ceBep? eleven a-dee-na-tsat' AIIHHaLluaTbis north? twelve dvee-nah-tsat' ABeHaAuaTbsouth yook thirteen tree-nah-tsat' Tp"HaAUaTblOr fourteen chee-tir-nah-tsat'east va-stok BOCTOK QeTblpHaAuaTbwest zah-pat 3anaA fifteen pyet-nah-tsat' nSlTHaAuaTbsixteen sheest-nah-tsat' urecrnanuar sI'm lost. (ms) ya za-bloo-deel-sya. 513a6J1YAIIJlC5!. seventeen seem-nah-tsat' ceuuannari,

or (fs) ya za-bloo-dee-Ias'. 513a6J1YAIIJlacb. eighteen va-seem-nah-tsat' aocewaanuars8 9


. . . .

ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKJtH ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKnineteen dee-vyet-nah-tsat' ,!.IeBSlTHa)]'lIaTb It 's ten to five, byes dee-sya-tee De'] lleCSlTI1twenty dvah-tsat' ,!.Inanua'rs pyat', IIS1Tb,twenty-one dvah-tsat' a-deen naanuars O)], I1H It's twenty-five tree dvaht-sat' Tpl1 nsanuarstwenty-two dvah-tsat' dvah ABaAlIaTb )],Ra past three, pyat', IIS1Tb,thirty tree-tsat' Tpl1AUaTb It's a quarter chyet-veert' 4eTRepTbforty so-rak COpOK past six, seed-mo-va. censvoro.fifty pyet '-dees-yat' l1S1Tb)],eCSlTb --~----sixty sheest' -dees-yat' urecrsnecart, It's half pa-Ia-vee-na nOJlORI1Haseventy syem' -dees-yet' CeMbll,eCSlTb past one, na-ro-va aropo ro.eighty vo-seem'-dees-yet' aocexu.necsrn, It's early, see-chahs rah-na. Cetiuac paHO,ninety deev-ya -no-sta )],eBSIHOCTO late poz-na f10'lIl,HOa hundred sto CTO Shall we meet fstrye-tim-sya BCrpeTI1MCSI fttwo hundred dvye-stee Il,BeCTI1 at noon? LPQI-deen'? 1I0JlneHb?a thousand ti-sye-cha Tb1C5I4a at eight in yo-seem' B aocev s yTthe morning oo-trahfirst pyer-viy f1epBblH at four exactly rov-na f PORHO Rsecond fta-roy BTOPOti chee-ti-rye uersrpethird trye-tiy TpeTl1ti tomorrow at ten zahf-tra vdye-sit' saarpa B necfourth cheet-vyor-tiy 4eTBePTblH this afternoon see-vod-nya CerOIl,H5I-~---- dnyom AHeMnce a-deen rahs OAI1H pa3twice dva rah-za ABa paaa this evening see-vod-nya CerOIl,H5I------ or tonight vye-chee-rom aeuepovten percent dye-sit' pra-tsen-taf necsrn, npoue-rroa -,----- -----a second see-koon-da ceKyHll,aHowald skol'-ka vam CKOJlbKOare you? Iyet? BaM rrer? a minute mi-noo-ta MI1HyTa

---~---~- -~---.---I am 34, mnye tree-tsat' MHe TPI1)]'lIaTb an hour chahs 'lacchee-tt-rye. xersrpe. DAYSOFTHEWEEK J],HM HEJ],EJIMTIME BPEMHWhat time is it? 5 ka-to-rty chahs? KOTOPblH 4ac? Monday pa-nee-dyel-nik 1I0Hell,eJlbHI1KTuesday ftor-nik BTOpHI1KIt's one o'clock, see-chahs chahs. Cejivac -tac. Wednesday sree-dah cpe.llaIt's two o'clock, see-chahs dvah CeH4ac nsa Thursday cheet-vyerk 4eTRepr

cha-sah. uaca. Friday pyat-ni-tsa f151THl1l1aSaturday soo-bo-ta cy560Ta5 For one o'clock, simply say chahs, af ter the numbers 2, 3, and Sunday vas-kree-syen' -ye aocxpecense4, say chi-sah, After the numbers 5 through 20, say chi-sof,

10 11


. . .ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKHH ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKevery day kahzh-diy dyen' Ka)!C/.~blil nens It is the sixth shee-sto-ye Hlecroe MaSl.I leave today. ya oo-ye-zhah-yoo .H yeaacaio of May. mah-ya.

si-vod-nya. cerOIlHSI. this month ve-tam mye-sits-ye 8 3TOM Mecs,,~etomorrow zahf-tra 3a8Tpa this week na e-toy na 3TOil aenenethe day after chye-reez dyen' xepea neas nee-dyel-yetomorrow this year v e-tam ga-doo 8 3TOM rony

next week na slyed-oo-yoo- aa cneny IOLQeil last year f prosh-Iamshchey ni-dye-Ie Henene 8 npoumovga-doo ronyI arrived ya pri-ye-khal .H npnex an next year v boo-doo-shcheem s tiynyureuyesterday. (ms) fchee-rah. 84epa. ga-doo ronyor (fs) ya pri-ye-kha-Ia .H npnexana spring vees-nah 8eCHafchee-rah. 84epa. summer Iye-tathe day before pa-za-fchee-rah neTOn03084epa autumn o-seen' oceHbyesterday winter zi-rnah 311Malast week na pro-shloy sa rrpomnoji

nee-dye-Iye Henene THE WEATHER n O r O , ! 1 , Aa day dyen' neHb How is the ka-kah-ya KaxasMONTHS OF MEOIQbI weather see-vod-nya ceronaaTHE YEAR r O , ! 1 , A today? pa-go-da? norona?

It's cold. kho-Iad-na.January yan-vahr' SlHBapb XOJIOIlHO.February fee-vrahl' q,e8panb It's fine. pree-krahs-na-ya IlpexpacaasMarch mahrt MapT pa-go-da. no rona.April a-pryel' anpenb It's hot. zhahr-ka. )i(apKo.May may MatiJune ee-yoon' I1IOHb It's sunny. sol-neech-na. ConHe4HO.July ee-yool' moru, It's windy. vye- tree-na.August ahv-goost aBrYCT Berpeno.September seen-tyahbr' ceHTSlopb It's raining. i-dyot dosht' . I1neT nO)Knb.October ak-tyahbr' OKTSlOPb Is it snowing? i-dyot snyek? I1neT cner-?November na-yahbr' HOSlOPbDecember dee-kahbr' neKaopb How will the ka-kah-ya zahf-tra Kaxas aaarpaWhat is the ka-ko-ye see-vod- Kaxoe CerO.II;HSI weather be pa-go-da? norona?date today? nya chi-slo? 4l1cno?

tomorrow?

12 13


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ENGLISH ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKMRONUNCIATION PYCCKM"It will beclo_u_cJy.coolfrostyfoggyhumid

boo-deeto-blach-na._--prakh-Iahd-narna-roz-natoo-mahnvlahzh-na

EYJln06JlallHO.IlpOXnallHOMOP03HOTYMaHBna.lKHO

PERSONAL NEEDSATTHEHOTEL BrOCTMHMUE

COLORS

Is there a Service zdyes' vest' 3necb ec rt, 61OpBureau?" byoo-ro cos-took? Ycnyr?

UBETA I 'd like to reservea room.What coloris it?It is black.It is dark blue.

ka-koye-tatsvyet?

----~ ---chyor-niy.~--see-niy.

KaKOH 3TOUBeT? I have reserved

a room.epHblH.

Do you have i. !double room?t is light blue. ga-Ioo-boy. rOJly60H.It is brown. ka-reech-nee-viy. KopH4HeBbltl.a single room

It is green.It is gray. se-riy. Cepbltl.

~----

zee-Iyo-niy. Do you havea room witha bath?a showerair conditioning

It is lilac.It is pink.

~----It is red.It is white.It is yellow.

~--- ~.... ~-.------lee-Io-viy. ~---------_ro~za-v7y.krahs-n7y.bye-liy.-~---zhol-tiy.

I like this color.

JlHJlOBblH.PmOBblH.

mnye nrah-vit-sae-tat tsvyet.

Kpacuua.OeJlblti. twin beds)KenTbltl.MHe HpaBJ1TC51

3TOT UBeT.

14

ya kha-choo 5 1 X()IIYza-bra-nee-ra-vat' '3a6poHHpoRaTbno-meer. HOMep.

00 meen-yaza-bra-nee-ra-vanno-meer.

Y MeH51'3a6poHHpoBaHHOMep.

Y sac ecn,HOMep HallROMX?(YrJleJlbHbltl

HOMep

00vas vest'no-meer na----- .._---------dva-eekh?at-dyel'-niyno-meer

00 vas vest' Y sac ecn,HOMno-meer s C naunori?va-noy?doo-sheem nyuieukan-di-tsi-a- KOHJlIfUMOHepOnye-ram

ad-nas-pal'-ni-mi naocnansauunkra-va-tya-mi KpORaTSlMH

What is the rate skol'-ka sto-it no- CKOJlbKO CTOIfTper day? meer f soot-kee? HOMep R CyTK

Is breakfast zahf-trak fkho-dit 3aRTpaK RXO!lIfTincluded? f sto-i-most'? A CTOIfMOCTb?l 'l l be staying for ya pra-boo-doo 5 1 npo6y ny IlAOetwo nights. dvo-ye soo-tak. CYTOK.6 Many hotels have Service Bureaus to help you book tours ortrips, order tickets for planes and trains, and help you with travisas inside Russia.

15


. . . .

ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKH" ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKIs there a better vest' no-meer ECTb HOMep an electric fan veen-ti-Iyah-tar nenranaroproom? ~a-Iooch-shye? non Yl.ll lie ? a heater a-ba-gree- o6orpeBaTenbcheaper pa-dee-shyev-Iye noneuresne vah-tyel'larger pa-bol'-shye nooonsme an iron oo-tyook yrtorsmaller pa-myen'-shye nojaeusure a pil low pa-doosh-koo nOAYWKYquieter pa-spa-koy-nee-ye nocnoKotiHee some shampoo sham-poon' waMnYHbsome soap rnl-la MblnOWhat is your yah-she eem-ya, Baure I1MSI, some toilet too-a-Iyet-noo-yoo TyaneTHYIOname, please? pa-zhah-Ioo-sta. noxanyacra. paper boo-mah-goo 6YMaryyour address vahsh ah-dryes aaui aApec

a towel pa-Ia-tyen-tsye norioreaueMay I have a raz-boo-dee-tye Pa36YAl1TC MeHSI What time is va skol'-ka Bo CKonbKOwake-up call at meen-ya f shyest' B meers yrpa, breakfast zahf-trak? 3aBTpaK?6 a.rn., please? oo-trah, rroxcanyacra, served?pa-zhah-lco-sta.May I have mnye noozh-na MHe HY)!(HOCould I have my ya ma-goo vzyat' 5 1 Mory B311Tb these clothes sdaht' a-byezh- CAaTb OAe)!(Jkey, please? klyooch? KnlO'I? dry-cleaned? doo f khim- B XI1M4MCTKYOn what floor na ka-kom Ha KaKOM 3Ta)Ke cheest-koo.

is my room? e-ta-zhye MOti HOMep? washed f steer-koo B CTI1PKYmoy no-meer? ironed pa-glah-dit' nOrnaAI1TbTake the ye-zhay-tye na E3)KatiTc na Where is the gdye khim- Fne XI1M4McTKaelevator. leef-tee. nl1lPTe. dry cleaner? cheest-ka?

laundromat prah -cheech- npa4e4HaSlWhere is the gdye ~Et!!? rAe nM


ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKH" ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKI'd like to ya bi kha-tyel 5 1 6bI XOTeJl Side 3speak to the pa-ga-va-reet' [lOrOROpJ1Tbmanager. (ms) s ad-mi-ni- C arlMJ1HJ1- FOOD E JJ , A 1 1strah-ta-ram. CTpaTopOM. AND DRINK H A n I 1 T K J 1or (fs) ya bi kha-tye-Ia 5 1 6bI XOTeJla

pa-ga-va-reet' IlOrOBOpJ1Tb Where is the gdye ri-nak? fi le pblHOK?s ad-mi-ni- C aAMJ1HJ1- market place?strah-ta-ram. CTpaTopOM. the supermarket ga-stra-nom raC"rpOHOMCould you please vi-za-vi-tye tak-see, BbI'30RJ1Te TaKCJ1, the bakery boo-Iach-na-ya 6YJI04HaHcall a taxi for pa-zhah-Ioo-sta. no xcanyjic'ra, the delicatessen koo-li-nah-ri-ya KYJlJ1HapJ1H

_______ _o_____me? I'd like to buy ya kha-choo koo- 5 1 XO'ly KynJ1Tbvinaigrette.7 peet' vi-nee-gryet. BJ1HerpeT.MONEY J J , E H h r l 1 roast mutton shchashch-lik inam JlbIKWhere is the gdye bahnk? file 6aH K? on a spitbank? pancakes bli-ni 6JlJ1HhIstuffed cabbage ga-Ioop-tsi ronyriuuWhere can gdye ya ma-goo Fne H Mory rollsI change ab-meen-yaht' 06MeHHTb Siberian meat peel'-mye-ni lleJlbMeHJ1money? val-yoo-too? RaJll(HY? dumplings

What is today's ka-koy see-vod- KaKOM ceronas pastries pi-rozh-ni-ye IlJ1pO)l(Hbledollar exchange nya ab-mye-niy 06MeHHblM turnovers vi-peech-koo RbIlletj xyrate? koors do-Ia-ra? KYPC noiinapa? Where can gdye mozh-na file MO)l(HOCould I please ab-meen-yay-ti, OOMeHHMTe, I buy fruit? koo-peet' KynMTbfrook-ti? WPYKTbl?ave this pa-zhah-loo-sta, nozcanyacra, ----- -changed into na roo-blee. aa py6J1J1. apples ya-bla-ki HOJlOKMbananas ba-nah-nl oaHaHbIrubles? blueberries cheer-nee-koomyel-ki-ye MeJIKMe 4epHJ1KYcherries veesh-nyoo RJ1UJHIOsmall bills koo-pyoo-ri xyruoptacoins man-ye-ti MOHeTbl grapes vi-na-graht RJ1HOrpalllemons li-mo-ni JlJ1MOHbIDo you cash vi meen-ya-ee-tye BbI MeHHeTe melon di-nyoo IlbIHKltraveler's da-rozh-ni-ye rtopo x uue oranges a-peel' -see-ni anenscauuchecks here? chye-ki na 4eKJ1 aa peaches pyer-si-ki nepCJ1KJ1na-Ieech-ni-ye? HaJlJ14Hble? pears groo-shi rpYWJ1

Do you accept vi pri-ni-mah-yee- Bbl npJ1HJ1MaeTe pineapple a-na-nahs aHaHaccredit cards? tye kree-deet-ni- xpennrnue plums slee-vi CJlJ1Bblye kahr-tach-ki? KapT04KJ1? 7 A salad of boiled potatoes, carrots and beets, with onions anpickles.

18 19


ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKJ1" ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKJraisins iz-yoom 11310M stew too-shchyo-na-ye ryurenoe MSiCraspberries ma-Iee-noo Mammy mya-sastrawberries kloob-nee-koo Kny6HI1KY veal tee-Iya-ti-noo 'renarnnywatermelon ar-boos ap6Y3 I like seafood. ya Iyoo-blyoo rib- 5 1 rnofirnoI prefer ya preet-pa-chi-tah- 5 1 npenno-nrraio ni-~e bly-oo-da. QbI6HbI!; 6nlOlvegetables. yoo o-va-shchi. osoum. cod tree-skoo TpeCKYbeans fa-sol' q,aconb crab krah-baf Kpa60BBrussels bryoo-sye I'-skoo- 6plOCCeJIbcKYIO fish rt-boo pbI6ysprouts yoo ka-poo-stoo KanYCTY lobster a-mah-raf OMapOBcabbage ka-poo-stoo KanYCTY oysters oo-strits ycrpnucarrots mar-kof' MOPKOBb salmon la-sa-see-noo nOCOCi-IHYcauliflower tsveet-noo-yoo QBeTHYIO shrimp kree-vyet-ki KpeBeTKI'Ika-poo-stoo KanYCTY trout fa-ryel' q,opeJlbcucumbers a-goar-tsi orYPQbI I need to buy mnye nah-da MHe nano xyrnrreggplant ba-kla-zhahn 6aKnaJKaH bread. koo-peet' kh~. xne6.green beans strooch-ko-voo- CTPY4KOBYIO bread rolls boo-Iach-ki 6yno4KI'Iyoo fa-sol' q,aconb butter mahs-Ia MaCJ10leeks zee-Iyo-niy look 3eJ1eHbIH nyx a cake tortlettuce sa-Iaht TOpTcanar candy kan-fye-t1 KOHq,eTbImushrooms gri-bi rpl'l6bl cheese sironions ryep-cha-tiy look perr4aTblH J1yK CbIp

ga-rokh chocolate sha-ka-laht III 0 KOJ1anpeas ropoxcookies pi-chyen'-ye neLJeHbepeppers slaht-kiy pye-ryets cna):lKI'IH nepeu eggs yay-tsa SlHQapotatoes kar-to-fyel' xaprorpern, nuts a-rye-khee apexl1tomatoes pa-rni-do-rl nOMI'I):lOpbI rice rees P"CI'd like some ya kha-choo 5 1 XOLJYMSlCO. a sandwich boo-teer -brot 6YTep6po):lmeat. mya-sa. sour cream smee-tah-noo CMeTaHYbacon bee-kon 6eKOH vinegar ook-soos YKCYCbeef gav-ya-di-noo rOBSl):lI'lHY

beefsteak bif-shtyeks 6l1q,lllTeKc AT THE B PECTOPAHEchicken koo-ri-tsoo KYPl1UY RESTAURANTcold cuts kal-ba-soo Kon6acy Could you pa-sa-vye-too-tye, Ilocoaeryare,ham veet-chi-noo BeTLJl1HYlamb ba-rah-nl-noo fiapaunny recommend pa-zhah-loo-sta, noxanyacra,an inexQensive nee-da-ra-goy- He,gQI20rQHpork svi-nee-noo CBl1HI1Hy restaurant? ree-sta-rahn.sausages sa-see-ski COCI'ICKI'I QeCTopaH.a typical ree-sta-rahn peCTOpaHRussian roo-skoy PyccKolirestaurant kookh-ni KyXHI1

20 21


- ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKHH ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKHHI prefer to sit l! ! ya preet-pa-chi-tah- 5 1 npenno-urrato ketchup kye-choop KeT4ynthe non-smoking yoo stol dlya nee~ eTOJl ana sauce so-oos coyckoo-rya-shchikh. -- ..--------area. HeKypSlllll1X. I'd like pri-nee-see-tye, ITpI1HeOlTe,by the window 00 ak-nah Y OKHa bottled water, pa-zhah-Ioo-sta, noxanyncra.May I see the mee-nyoo, MeHIO. please. boo-t l l -koo vo-di. 0YTbIJlKY ROIlb-- --menu, please? pa-zhah-Ioo-sta. nozcanyacra, mineral water mi-nee-rahl' - MI1HepaJIbHYIOwine list mee-nyoo MeHIO nco-yeo voodoo ROilYna-peet-kaf Hanl1TKOR \ I'd like tea, chliY, 4aii.

A carafe of the gra-feen rpaq,I1H please. pa-zhah-loo-sta noxanyacra.house wine, feer-mee-na-va q,l1pMeHHOro coffee ko-fye Koq,eplease. vee-nah, RI1Ha. I take my coffee ya p'yoo ko-fee 5 1 rn.ro Koq,epa-zhah-loo-sta, nozcanyacra. with milk. s ma-Ia-kom. C MOHOKOM .._-_ ..I'm on a diet. ya na di-ye-tye. 5 1 aa nuere. with cream sa sleef-ka-mi co CJII1RKaMIf

I'm a vegetarian. ya vee-gi-ta-ri- 5 1 aernrapnaaeu. with sugar s sah-kha-ram c c ax ap ov(ms) ah-nyets. Would you like kha-tee-tye XOTIfTeor (fs) ya vee-gi-ta-ri- 5 1 aer-irrapnau xa, lemonade? lee-ma-nahd? JlI1MOHan?ahn-ka. soda frook-to-voo-yoo q,PYKTORYIO

.- ,"_,_,_"_,------ voodoo RO,rW~ Enjoy your meal! pri-yat-na-va ITpl1S1THOro fruit juice sok COKa-pee-tee-ta! aIIneTI1Ta! lemon tea chay s li-mo-nam 4ail C nl1MOHOCould I have a day-tye mnye, AailTe MHe. red wine krahs-na-ye vi-no KpaCHoe RIfHOknife, please. pa-zhah-Ioo-sta, no zcanyjic'ra. white wine bye-Ia-ye vi-no 6enoe RIfHOnosh. HO)l(. I'd like a beer, nIfRO.a fork veel-koo pee-va,RIfJlKY please. pa-zhah-Ioo-sta. noxanyacra.a spoon losh-koo JlO)l(KYa teaspoon chay-noo-yoo 4ailHYlO JlO)l(KY I'd like to order ya kha-choo za-ka- 5 1 X04Y aaxasarslosh-koo f chicken Kiev. zaht' kat-lye-too KOTJleTYa plate ta-ryel-koo TapeJ1KY pa-ki-yef-ski. nO-KIf!:B!;KIf.a bowl gloo-bo-koo-yoo r nyrios yro \ the cold kvass a-krosh-koo OKPOlliKYta-ryel-koo rapenxy soupa cup chahsh-koo xautxy the borsht borshch Dopma glass of water sta-kahn va-di CTaKaH ROAbl the fried tsi-plyon-ka- uunneaxa-a wine glass ba-kahl dli vi-nah OOKan nnSi RI1Ha Cornish hen ta-ba-ka Ta6aKaa napkin sal-fyet-koo camperxy an appetizer za-koo-skoo 3aKYCKYsalt sol' conI , a mixed salad mi-snoy sa-Iaht MSiCHOHcanarpepper pye-ryets nepell soup soop cynmustard gar-chee-tsoo ropvauy

22 23


ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKH" ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKH"the main ga-rya-chee-ye rOpg4ee magazines zhoor-nah-li )l(ypHaJlblcourse blyoo-da 6J1IOAO an English- ga-zye-too na ra'3eTY aathe dish of kom-pleek-sniy KOMnJleKCHblti language an-gliy-skam aHrJlHticKoMthe day ab-yet o6eA newspaper ye-zi-kye S1'3bIKea book knee-goo KHHryHowwould yam kahk BaM KaK

you like za-zha-rit' aaacaprrrs I'd like to ya kha-choo 5 1 X04Y KY"HTbyour steak? mya-sa? MSlCO? buy local koo-peet' iz-d~~_- ['1'3!1eJlHSI,handicrafts. lee-ya myest-nikh MeCTHblXI would like my ya preet-pa-chi-tah- 5 1 npenno-urraio oo-m~el' -ts:ief. ),MeJlbyeB.steak rare, yoo nee-da-zhah- He!10JKaQeHoe Russian ma-tryosh-koo MaTpewKYplease. re-na-ya m:ia-sa. MSICO. nesting dollsmedium sryed-nee- cpenue- Khokhloma" kha-khla-moo XOXJlOMYzhah-ree-na-ye JKapeHOe ya i-doo f R HAY Bya-sa MSICO I am going towell done kha-ra-sho XOPOllIO the florist. tsvee-toch-nT:i YBeTo'lHbliizhah-ree-na-ye JKapeHOe ma-ga-zeen. Mara'3HH.mya-sa MSICO bookstore knee-zhniy KHHJKHbliima-ga-zeen Mara3HHFor dessert, ya kha-choo R X04Y pharmacy ap-tye-koo anTeKYI'd like ma-ro-zhee-na-ye MOQOJKeHOe state liquor vee-nTy BHHHblMice cream. na-dee-syert. na necepr. store ma-ga-zeen Mara3HHyogurt yo-goort iiorypT department store oo-ni-veer-mahk YHHBepMar

May I have the shchyot, C4eT. How much skol'-ka e-ta CKOJlbKO 3TOcheck, please?" pa-zhah-Ioo-sta. noxanyacra. does it cost? sto-yit? CTOHT?SHOPPING BMAfA3HHE This costs two e-ta sto-yit 3TO CTOHT

hundred dvye-stee ABeCTl1How can chyem ma-goo l{eM Mory BaM thousand rubles. ti-syach roo-bley. TblCSllf py6J1eii.I help you? yam pa-moch'? nOM04b? I'm interested in ya ka-choo koo- R XOlfY Kynl1TbWhere can I buy gdye mozh-na I'ne MOJKHO buying a jacket. peet' koort-koo. ~.souvenirs? koo-peet' Kynl1Tb a bathing suit koo-pahl'-nik xynansauxsoo-vee-nee-ri? c),BeHl1pbl? a blouse bloos-koo 6J1Y3KYcamera film fo-ta-plyon-koo 4>oTonJleHKY aooat pal-to nans'roa video vee-dee-o- BI1AeO-KacceTY some mittens vah-reesh-ki aapezcxacassette ka-sye-too new pants no-vi-ye bryoo-ki HOBbIe 6PlOKl1sun tan lotion kryem dlya KpeM AJISI a raincoat plashch nnautza-gah-ra 3arapa a pair of shoes o-boot' 06YBb

8 T he tip would be from 10 to 15 perc ent, depending on serv ic e. 9 W o oden ob jec ts pa inted w ith b la ck, red, a nd gold pa ints.

24 25


-ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKHM: ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKHtta shirt roo-bahsh-koo pyoaurxy We'd like to see rnl kha-teem Mbl XOTtlMa skirt yoop-koo 106KY a traditi anal oo-vee-dyet' YBtlLlCTba sweater svee-tyer CIHlTCP dance. na-t si-a-nahl'- nauaouan bl! ste

Where do I pay? gdye pla-teet'? rite nnarnr s? nl-ye tahn-ts I. TaII Itb!.a rural pra-vin-tsi-yoo npOBl1HUl1lO----~-- ---May I see that, pa-ka-zhee-tye, [loKaJKMTC, communityplease? pa-zhah-loo-sta. nozcanyncra. the Russian kan-tsyert KOHUePTmusic festival roo-skoy PYCCKOitLEISURE O T , L 1 ,hiX moo-zi-ki My3bIKl1Where can we gdye mozh-na the Bolshoi bal'-shoy Eonsurofrite MOJKHO Theater tee-atr Tearpplay tennis? pa-i-graht' IIOMrpaTbLtye-nis? H TeHMC? Where is the gdye bil-yet-na-ya rLle 611JlCTI!aSlgo cycling pa-ka-taht' -sa IIOKaTaTbCSI ua ticket office? kah-sa? x acca?na vee-la-st- BeJlOCMIIeLle I'd like two mnye nah-da MHC nano rtnapye-dye tickets for dvah bil-ye-ta 6t1JlCTa, lIago hiking zan-vat' -sa 3aHSlTbC5I the ballet . na bal-yet. 6aJlCT.bye-gam oerOM concert kan-tsyert KOHIlCPTgo skating pa-ka-taht'-sa na IIOKaTaTbC5Ikan'-kakh ua KOHbKax How much are skol' -ka sto-yat Cxo nsxo CT05ITgo skiing pa-ka-taht'-sa na nOKaTaTbCSI the tickets? bil-ye-ti? 6t1nCTbI?li-zhahkh na JlbDKax It is sold out. fsye bil-ye-ti Bee 6MneTbIWould you kha-tee-tye XOTMTe pro-da-ni. npOLlaHbI.like to go pay-tee na 1I0MHI ua I like to go ya kha-choo 5 1 X04 Y IIOHTI1sightseeing? ek-skoor-si-yoo? 3KCKypCMIO? tot hetheat er. pay-ti f t ee- atr. Il 'rearn.I'd like to go ya kha-choo 5 1 X04Y .!! to the movies f ki-no B KI1HOto the pool. v ba-f3~yn. 6acceMH. to soccer games na foot-bol na q,ymonto the beach na plyash aa IIJHDK to the museum v moo-zey B MY3CHto the mountains v so-rt B ropsi to the opera na o-pee-roo aa onepyto the sea k mo-ryoo K MOPIO When does the kag-dah na-chan-Ia Korna sauanoto the country zah-ga-rat 3aropOA ~begin? speek-tah-klya? cnCKTaKJISI?Would you take sfa-ta-gra-fee- Cqxrrorparpnpyare tour ek-skoor-si-i 3KCKypcHHa photo of us, raoy-tye nahs, Hac, What films ka-kee-ye feel'-mi i- Kaxae


ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKHH ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKHHCOMMUNICATIONS This package v e-tay ban-de-ro-li B:noti.contains pee-chaht-ni-ye 6aHJI,epoJUI

THE POST OFFICE nOQTA printed matter. ma-tee-ri-ah-li. nevarusreMaTepHaJ1hI.Where is the gdye poeh-ta? r):le no-rra?post office? This package v e-tay pa-sil-kye B 3TOH nOCblJ1Kecontains fragile khroop-ki-ye xpynxae seuta.

How much is it skol'-ka sto-yit CKOJ1hKO CTOI1T items. vye-shchi.to send a letter at-prah-vit' OTnpaBI1Thto the USA? pis'-mo v nHChMO B Side 4a-mye-ri-koo? AMepHKy?How much is skol' -ka sto-yit CKOJ1hKO CTOHT AT THE B Y1.fPIDtmEHHHthe postage? at-prahf-ka? oTnpaBKa? OFFICECan I have ya ma-goo 5 1 Mory nOJ1y'1HTh Where can gdye mozh-na f;w MO)KHOmoney wired pa-Ioo-cheet' 3neCh I make zdye-Iat' CJI,eJ1aThto me here? zdyes'dye-nee- J\eHe)KHbIH photocopies? fo-to-ko-pi-i? c)JoToKOmll1?

zhniy pee-ree-vot? nepeBoJ\? May I use the mozh-na vas-pol'- MO)KHOI'd like to buy mnye nah-da MHe aano computer? za-vat-sa kam- BOCnOJ1h30-some stamps, koo-peet' KynHTh I:)'~oo-tee-ram? BaThCS!please. mahr-ki. MapKH. KOMnhIOTepoM?an envelope kan-vyert KOHBepT a typewriter pee-chaht-nay nevarnoti

I want to sendma-sheen-kay MalIlHHKOH

ya kha-choo 5 1 XOllY a tape recorder mag-ni-ta-fo-nam MarHHToc)JoHOMthis air mail. pa-slaht' e-ta nOCJ1aTh 3TO the fax machine fahk-sam c)JaKcoMa-vee-a-I:)och-tay:. aBl1anOllToH.parcel post f pa-sil-kye B nOChlJ1Ke How much do skol'-ka sto-it CKOJ1hKO CTOI1Tfirst class a-bich-nay 06hIlIHOH you charge stra-nee-tsa? crpaanua?poch-tay nOllTOH per page?I want to send ya kha-choo pa- 5 1 XOt.Iy nOCJ1aTh Could I send mozh-na MO)KHOmoney. slaht' dye-nee- IleHe)KHhIH a telex? at-prah-vit' OTnpaBJlThzhniy pee-ree-vot. u e n e a o a . tye-Iyeks? TeJ1eKC?a telegram tee-Iee-grah-moo TeJ1erpaMMY Where is your gdye vahsh Fne .!illl!!.Whenw ill the kag-dah pri-dyot Korna npnner office? ka-bi-n~et? Ka6HHeT?mail arrive? poch-ta? Il.O.':!.TI!.? the supervisor's ka-bi-nyet Ka6HHeTthe mailman pach-tal'-on nOllTaJ1hOH

office na-chahl' -ni-ka Ha'IaJ1hHHKaWhere can I find Mr. Malenov's ka-bi-nyet

KaOHHeTgdye pach-to-viy Fne nOllTOBhIH office ma-Iye-na-va MaJIeHOBaa mail box? yah-shchik? S!IlII1K?

28 29


--ENGLISH PYCCKH"RONUNCIATIONthe legalsectiontheadministrativesection

yoo-ri-dee-chee-skiy at-dyel

ad-mi-ni-stra-teev-niyat-dyel~~_--_-------- ~~~-I need some

officestation~ry.some plainletter paperan English-Russiandictionary --_-Do you need

anything else?

mnye noozh-ni~_a_n-tse_~~lyar.:skj::y~i-_I1ad-Iyehzh-rl(l-~ti.pra-stah-yaboo-mah-gaahng-Ia-roo-Skiysla-vahr'

yam ye-shchoshto-ni-bood'noozh-na?

IOpl1AI14eCKHHOT.LIen

anMHHHcTpa-THRHbIMOT.LIeJI

MHe HYJKHblKaHllemlpCKl1enp11Hann eJK-HOCTI1.npOCTaH

fiYMaraanrno-pyccxancnoaaps

BaM euie4TO-Hl1fiY.LIbHYJKHO?

Here is mybusiness card. vot mah-yavi-zeet-na-ya

kahr-tach-ka.BOT MOH

RI1311THaHKapT04Ka.

THE TELEPHONE TEJ1E4>OHMay I use the mozh-natelephone? paz-va-neet'?

Where is the gdye tee-Iee-fo-niy r.LIe TeneqlOHHbIHphone directory? sprah-vach-nik? cnpaB04HHK?~~~~~--~~~~~-Howdo I make kahk pa-zva-neet' KaK n03ROHI1Tb

a cali to the va-mye-ri-koo? B AMepI1KY']United States?

MOJKHOn03ROHI1Tb?

I 'd l ike to makea coliect call.

an internationalcalla long-distancecall

mnye nah-dapa-zva-neet'za schyo_ta-ba-nyen-ta.za-gra-nee-tsoopa meezh-go-ra-doo

MHe nano1I0]BOHI1Tb 3aC4eT a60HCHTa.

aarpaanuyno MCJKropo.LIY

30

ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKH"What is the ka-koy rneezh-doo- KaKOH MeJKAY-area code for ga-rod-niy kot roponnsia KO.LIMoscow? mask-vi? MOCKRbl?

The line is busy. lee-ni-ya za-nya-tah. JlHHI1H 3aHSITa.Hello. a-lo, Anno.Who's speaking, kto 00 KTO Yplease? tee-Iee-fo-na? renerpoua?This is Sasha. e-ta sah-sha. 3TO Caura,May I speak pa-pra-see-tye, I1onpOCI1Te,to Anya? pa-zhah-loo-sta, nOJKaJIyHcTa.a-nyoo. AHIO.

She's not here. ye-yo nyet. Ee HeT.He's not here. ye-vo nyet. Ero HeT.Could you take mozh-na MOJKHOa message, a-sta-veet' OCTaRI1Tbplease? za-pees-koo? 3anl1cKY?

TRANSPORTATIONPLACES OFINTEREST

.uOCTOIIPHME-qATEJ1h-"OCTH

MoscowMoscowUniversityorRed Square

mask-vahma-skof-skiy 00-ni-veer-si-tyet

em ge 00krah-sna-yaplo-shchat'

sa-ber va-see-li-yabla-zhye-na-va

kryeml'ki-tay-go-rat

St. Basil'sCathedralthe Kremlin

the Chinese City

MOCKBaMOCKOBCKHHYHI1BepCI1TeT

MrYKpacaasIlnoutam,

C O D O P B a C H J Il1 1E J I a XeHHO r o

KPCMJIbKaraa-ropon

31


ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKU" ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKU"St. Petersburg sahnkt pee- Canxr-Ilereptiypr How much is skol'-ka sto-yit CKonbKO CTOHTteer-boork a one-way bil-yet v a-deen OHneT B Ol lHHthe Hermitage er-mi-tahsh 3pMHTa)l( ticket? ka-nyets? KOHeu?Museum round-trip too-dab i ryna 11the Peter and pye-tra-pahv-Iav- Ilerponaanoa- a-braht-na otiparno

Paul Fortress ska-ya krye- CKaSi tourist-class f too-ri-stee-ches- B Typ11CTH4ec-past' KpenOCTb kam klah-see KOM xnaccethe Mariinsky ma-ri-in-skiy MapMHHcKMi1 Is there a v vi-khad-nl-ye B nuxonnueTheaterlO tee-atr Tearp special dn}'_ivest' l lHI1 ecrs

ATRIP nOE3JlKA weekend rate? skeet-ka? CKI1!1Ka?mid-week f see-ree-dee-nye B cepenaneHave a good schast-Iee-va-va C4aCTnMBoro nee-dye-li senenatrip! poo-tee! nYTM! May I have ya ma-goo ~ Mory xymm,Where can gdye mozh-na Fne MO)l(HO a student koo-peet' I'got-niy nbrOTHblHI rent a car? vzyaht' na B3S1Tbna discount? bil-yet dlya OMneT ana

pra-kaht npOKaT stoo-dyen-ta? CTX!1~HTa?ma-shee-noo? MalllMHY? senior-citizen dlya pin-si-a- !lJlSI

a bicycle vi-Ia-si-pyet aenocnnen discount nye-ra neHCMOHepaWhere do I board gdye pri-chahl Tne npaxan Smoking or dla koor-yah- )J.J1S1ypsumxthe boat? sood-na? )'1l!::!1!_ ? non-smoking? shchikh ee-Ii dla MJlM nJiSIthe ferry pa-ro-ma naposra ni-koor-yah- HeKYPSlIllI1X ?

Where do I board gdye a-sta-not-ka Fne OCTaHOBKa shchikh?the streetcar? tram-vah-ya? rpaanaa? Non-smoking, dla ni-koor-yah- )J.J1S1HeKypIIIllHX.

Where is the gdye mee-tro? rne~? please. shchikh, noxanyacra.metro station? pa-zhah-Ioo-sta.train station vag-zahl BOK3aJ1 Could you tell ska-zhee-tye, CKa)l(I1Te.bus stop a-sta-nof-ka OCTaHOBKa me when we pa-zheh-loo-sta, noxanyacra,

a-fto-boo-sa aBTooyca reach my kag-dah boo-dit xorna 6yneTWhere can I buy stop? ma-ya a-sta- MOS!gdye mozh-na koo- Fne MO)l(HO nof-ka? oCTaHoBKa?a metro token?" peet' zhee-ton? xyntrrs )l (eTOH?May I have a Is there a yest'spahl'-niy ECTb cnaJ1bHbdipa-zhah-Ioo-sta, Ilo.xanyacra, sleeping car? va-gon? BarOH?schedule, day-tye mnye ra- naare MHeplease? spi-sah-ni-ye. pacnncanae. What time does kag-dah at-kho-dit Korna OTXOAKT

'0 Formerlythe KirovTheater. the train leave po-yest na noean aa" A metrotokenis requiredto passthroughthe gatesat themetro for Riga? ree-goo? Pary?entrance.32 33


- - -ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKlfM ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKlfHWhat time does kag-dah pri-bi-vah- Korna npnriuaaer Six liters of shyest' lee-traf WeCTb mrrponthe train get to yet po-vest v ee- noean B gasoline, been-zee-na, 6eH3MHa,Ekaterinburg? ka-tee-rin-boork? Exarepantiypr? please. pa-zhah-loo-sta. nO)KaJlyHCTa.Is it on time? on i-dyot pa OH MlleT no Please fill up pol'-niy bahk, ITOJIHblH 6aK,ra-spi-sah-ni-yoo? pacnncamuo? the tank. pa-zhah-Ioo-sta. 1I0)KaJlytlCTa.Does this train po-yest a-sta-nahv- IToe31l CTaHaBJlH- My car needs mnye nah-da MHe nanomake a stop Ii-va-ee-tsa BaeTCS! B oil. da-Ieet' mas-Ia nOJlHTb MaCJlOin Tver? f tvye-rye? TBepM? dvee-ga-tyel'. B nSMraTeJlb.How long do skol'-ka mi CKOJlbKO MbI Where is the gdye bli-zhay-sha- I'ne 6JlH)Katirnal!we stop here? zdyes' sta-yeem? 3.fleCb CTOMM? closest service ya stahn-tsi-ya CTaHQMS!

station? af-to-ap-sloo-sh i- aBTo06-IN THE CAR BMAlIIMHE va-ni-ya? CJlY)KMBaHMH?Does this road e-ta da-ro-ga na 3TO nopora na This doesn't e-ta nye 3TO Helead to Nizhniy neezh-niy HI1)K 1111i work. ra-bo-ta-yet. paboraer.Novgorod? nov-ga-rot? Honropon? Can you repair pa-chi-nee-tye, ITOl.(MHHTe,--~---.--How many skor-ka CKOJIbKO the tire, pa-zhah-loo-sta, IIO)KaJIytlCTa,kilometers is ki-Ia-mye-traf da KMJIOMeTpOB 110 please? ka-Iee-so. xoneco,--~--it to Vladimir? vla-dee-mi-ra? Brtanasrupa? the headlights fah-ri cflapblCan you direct pa-zhah-loo-sta, Iloacanyacra, I need to ma-yoo ma-shee- MOKl MarnMHYme to the pa ka-zhee-tye nOKa)KHTe have my noo nah-da at- HallObridge, please? da-ro-goo na nopory na car towed. book-si-ra-vaht' . oroyxcapoaars.most. MOCT. How long skol'-ka CKOJlbKOthe highway sha-sye rnocce will it take? vrye-mee-ni BpeMell11 sroa gas station been-za-ka- 6eH30KoJlOIIKY e-ta zay-myot? 3aHMeT?lon-koothe ferry station pa-rom napoxs How much will skol'-ka e-ta CKOJlbKO sro

How often does kahk chah-sta KaK l. (aCTO it cost? boo-deet sto-it'? 6Y.l.leT CTOMTb?the ferry leave? kho-dit pa-rom? XOJlMT napost? AT THE AIRPORT BA3POnOPTY

Is it far? e-ta da-Iee-ko? 3TO nanexo? Where is the gdye pa-saht-ka file nocanxaCan you draw na-ri-sooy-tye Hapncynre gate for na rnY_E!~t-ni-ye na MeCTHbleme a map, kahr-too, KapTY, domestic flights? a-vi-a-rey:-si? aBMap!:ti!;l!!?please? pa-zhah-Ioo-sta. nozcanyacra. international meezh-doo- Me)K.I.IYHa-flights na-rod-ni-ye ponnsrea-vi-a-rey-sl aBl1apeHCbI

34 35


ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKHit ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKHitWhere is the gdye zahl file 3aJ1 I have nothing mnye nye-chee-va MHe aexeroarrival gate? pri-bi-ti-ya? llp116bITHSI? to declare. vno-sit' v dee- BHOCHTb Bdeparture at-pra-vlye-nee-ya OTllpaBJ1eHI1S1 kla-rah-tsi-yoo. nexnapaumo,How long will the na-skol'-ka HaCKOJ1bKO I have some 00 meen-ya yest' Y MeHSI ecrsflight to Moscow at-Io-zhyen revs OTJ10)KeH peiic perfume. doo-khee. lW\ll.be delayed? na mask-voo? aa MOCKBY? some cigarettes si-gar-ye-ti carapersiAt what time does kag-dah vi-Iee-tah- Korna BbIJ1eTaeT a gift pa-dah-rak llOAapOKmy personal leech-ni-ye JlHl{Hblethe plane for yet sa-ma-Iyot CaMOJ1eTSaint Petersburg f sahnkt B CaHKT- belongings vye-shchi aeuinleave? pee-teer-boork? Ilerepoypr ? Could you open at-kroy-tye, OTKpOHTe.

Would you please pa-za-vee-tye, ITo30BHTe, your bag, pa-zhah-Ioo-sta, noxanyacra,call a flight pa-zhah-Ioo-sta, no.xanyacra, please? soom-koo. CyMKy.close za-kroy-tye saxpoareattendant? styoo-ahr-da. CTJOapAa.(male attendant) EMERGENCY & MEDICAL SITUATIONSor (female pa-za-vee-tye, ITo30BHTe,attendant) pa-zhah-Ioo-sta, noxanyacra, Where is the gdye fAestyoo-ar-dye-soo. crroapneccy. hospital? bal'-neet-sa? OOJlbHl1l1a?

AT CUSTOMS HA TAMO)KHE Call an vi-za-vee-tye BbI30BI1Teambulance! sko-roo-yoo CKOpyJOI am a tourist. ya too-reest. 5I TYP"CT. ~o-mashch'! noaoursla businessman biz-nees-myen 6H3HeCMeH the fire pa-zhah r-noo-yoo nO)KapHYJOor a business- department ma-shee-noo Mallll1HYwoman Call the police!a student stoo-dyent paz-va-nee-tye v IT03BOHI1Te BCTYAeHT mi-Ieet-si-yoo. MI1J1I1!.1I:!JO.Is this duty free? e-ta 3TO 05J1araeTCSI a doctor dok-ta-roo AOKTOpya-bla-gah-ye-tsa llOIllJ1I1HOti? Fire! pa-zhahr!posh-li-noy? Iloxap!

This is ! B Y e-ta moy 3TO MOti Help! pa-ma-gee-tye! Ilovorare!luggage. ba-gahsh. 6ara)K. This is an e-ta ek-stree-na-ya 3TO 3KCTpeHHaSimy suitcase may chee-ma-dan MOti 4eMOAaH emergency! si-too-ah-tsi-ya! CHTyaIlI1SI.my briefcase moy part-fyel' MOti noprrpens There has been tahm TaM asapna.my handbag ma-ya soom-ka MOll cyMKa an accident. a-vah-ri-ya.Do you have 00 vas vest' shto Y aac ecrt, 'ITO It is dangerous.anything to vnye-sti v di- e-ta a-pahs-na. 3TO onacno,BHeCTI1 Bdeclare? kla-rah-tsi-yoo? nexnapaumo?

36 37


ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKJI" ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION PYCCKHI am sick. (ms) ya bo-Ieen. ~ 60neH. My ankle 00 meen-ya Y MeHSI 60mITor (fs) ya bal'-nah. ~ 60JIbHa. hurts. ba-Ieet la-dish-ka. JIOIlbIlKKa.Can you get me mnye noo-zheen arm roo-kah pyxaMHe HYJKeH back spi-nah cmlHaan interpreter? pee-ree-vot-chik. nepeRO/l,'1I1K.12 eye glahs rna]I've lost my moy pahs-part MOM naCIlopT foot sta-pah CTOIlapassport. pa-teer-yal-sa. nOTepSlJICSl. hand keest' roo-kee KI1CTb pYKI1

My wallet has moy ka-shee-Iyok head ga-Ia-vah rOJIORaMOM KOWeJ1eK knee ka-Iye-na KoneHObeen stolen. oo-krah-Ii. yKpaJII1. leg na-gah noraI need to go to mnye noozh-na MHe HYJKHO throat gor-Ia ropnothe dentist. na pri-yom k na npI1eM K stomach zhee-Ioo-dak JKeJlynOKsta-ma-to-Ia-goo. CTOMaTOJlOry. tooth zoop ]y6

Do you have 00 vas vest' Y nac ecrs Thank you for spa-see-ba za CnacI160 aaany aspirin? a-spi-reen? aCIlI1pI1H? your help. po-mashch'. nOMO~b.I am allergic 00meen-ya Y MeHSIto penicillin. a-Ieer-gee-ya na aJIJIeprI1S1 napee-ni-tsi-Ieen. neHI1UI1JIJII1H.this food e-too ye-doo ary enyshellfish krah-baf Kpa60Bcigarette si-ga-ryet-niy CI1rapeTHbIMsmoke dim /l,bIM.this medicine e-ta li-kahrst-va 3TO neKapCTBO

pollen p7l'-tsoo nbIJIbUYA bee stung meen-ya oo-koo- MeHSI YKYCI1Jlame. see-Ia pchye-Ia. nxena .I am diabetic. ya di-a-bye-tik. ~ - /l,lIa6eTI1K.12 Literally: I need an interpreter.

38 39


SOCIAL CUSTOMS & POLITE EXPRESSIONSIn addition to the Russian words and phrases you havelearned, there are many polite or customary expressionswhich,when usedappropriately, will show that you understandand respect the social customs of the country.When greeting friends, Russians do not ask How are you? asAmericans do. Certain expressions can be used as informalgreetings such asPrivyet (Hi), or even Kahk deefah? (How'sit going?). A more formal expression isZdrahstvooyti. (Hello)This can be used any time, but only once a day to the sameperson. When you meet someone for the first time, you cansay, Priyatna paznak6mitsa or Ochin priyatna, bothmeaning I 'm pleased to meet you.To address a man you do not know well, use the titleGaspadeen (Mr.) before his last name, for example,Gaspadeen Pitr6v. You would use Gaspazhah (Mrs.) for awoman. However, you will need to say her last name with anadded suffix, for example, Gaspazhah Pitr6va. A youngwoman whose name you do not know is often addressedsimply as Dyevooshka (Miss).If you step in front of someone, or must go through a crowd,you may beg pardon by saying fzvineeti. You will probablyhear the response Nichiv6, meaning Never mind or It's OK.When you are invited into a Russian home, you may acceptbysaying S oodav61'stviyem (With pleasure). As you arrive,your host will greet you with Fkhadeeti, pazhahlooysta(Come in,please) and then b6od'ti kak d6ma (Make yourselfat home).When having a drink with Russian friends, you may toast Zavahshe zdar6vye! (To your health!), or if called on to make atoast, you might lift your glass To peace and friendship bysaying Zameer idr6ozhboo! When you are ready to eat,wish your companions Priyatnava apiteeta! (Enjoy yourmeal!). Compliment your host or hostess at the end of yourmeal by saying Ochln fk60sna (This tastes delicious!). Afteran enjoyable time, remember to say, 8ila 6chin priyatna (/enjoyed it very much) and Spaseeba za fsy6 (Thanks for

40

everything!) When someone thanks you, you may repPazhahlooysta (You are welcome).When dining in a restaurant, say Afitsiahnt to call a waiteand Afitsiahnka to call a waitress. Most Russian restaurantare open for lunch at 12:00 noon, and for dinner from abou5:00 to 11:00 p.m. or even midnight.A typical Russian appetizer may be ikrah (caviar) okapch6naya asitreena (smoked sturgeon). You may also trmarinovahniyi gribi (pickled mushrooms).Before your meal, you might try akr6shkoo, or cold kvasSOup with chopped vegetables and meat, and for the macourse, try zhark6ye v garsh6chki, or meat roasted ina poOther typical main courses are vareniki (fruit dumplingsand pil 'meni (Siberian meat dumplings). As for alcoholdrinks, Russia is of course famous for its vodka (v6tka).The most important Russian holiday isN6viy g6t (the NeYear).On that day, you will be greeted with Sn6vim g6damwhich means Happy New Year! To wish someone a MerrChristmas, say S razhdistv6m! and for a Happy Birthdasay z dny6m razhdenya! A general greeting you can use fevery holiday including the New Year and Christmas,sprahznikam! or Happy Holidays!Many English words have found their way into the Russialanguage. Listen to the following words and you will see hoeasy it is to recognize them:aftam6bil bBhnkaerapOrt futb61katastr6fa feelm

makar6ni tillfonspOrtstop

menumenttahksi

Congratulations! - Pazdravlyahim! You are already well oyour way to learning Russian! Good luck! - Udahchl vahm

41


BASIC RUSSIAN GRAMMARNouns in Russian are grouped into three genders: themasculine, ending in a consonant, -y or the "soft sign" ('). Forexample:stol - table mahy - May kon' - horse

the feminine, ending in -a, -ya or -iya. For example:kneega - book zemlya - earth Itahliya - Italy

and the neuter, ending in -0 or -e. For example:akn6 - window pOle - field

There are no articles (a, and the in English) in the Russianlanguage. Therefore, kniga can mean the book or a book.Russian nouns can be in one of six cases. Showing thedifferent cases involves changing the noun's ending:Nominative (N): usually nouns that are subjects or topics ofsentences. For example:Dyevachka chitahyet. The girl is reading.

Genitive (G): nouns that follow prepositions, "belong to" otherpersons or things, indicate negation and limitation of time,space, or quantity. For example:Eta s60mka dyevachki.l2Y_evachkizdyes' nee bila. This is the girl's purse.The girl was not here.

Accusative (A): nouns that are the objects of verbs, orrepresent duration of time or inanimate destination. Forexample:Ya veezhoo cJyAvachkoo. I see the girl.

Dative (D): nouns that represent the indirect object; someonewho or something that experiences something; action overtime. For example:Pyetroo bila kh6ladna. Peter was cold.

(Lit: It was cold to Peter)

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Mahma dahla kneegoo cJ~~iJ~hkye.Mother gave the book to the girl.Mi kh6dim f kino pa ~rJidyel'_rJi!

Prepositional (P): nouns which are the indirect object, locatiodescription. For example:Mi bili f tesmre. We were at the theater.

As shown above, the endings of the nouns indicate the casof the noun, as well as the gender and number.To form a plural, masculine and feminine nouns generaadd -i , and neuter nouns generally drop the final-o and adda in its place. For example:(m) stol(f) kneega(n) akn6

st61ikneegi6kna

(table, table(book, book(window,windows)

Pronouns: The subject pronouns are as follows:I ya we miyou (informal) ti you (formal) vihe on they anishe anahi t an6

The form ti is used to address a close friend or a relativechild, and vi is used when addressing a person who is nwell known to the speaker, or who is higher in positionolder in age.

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- Adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number, and case.Eachof these affects the ending of the adjective.(m ) krahsniy stol, krahsn!.Y!'!_stali(red table, red table) -(f) krahsn~ kneega, krahsn~ kneegi(red book, red book) -

krahsn~ akna, krahsn~ akn~(red window, red window)Verbs change their endings according to the person doingthe action. There are two types of verbs which are groupedby two different sets of endings, and are known as first andsecond conjugation. For example:

(n )

First conjugation: chitaht' - to read/ read ya chitahyoowe read mi chitahyemyou read ti chitahyeshyou read vi chitah yetyeS/he reads on, anah chitah~they read ani chitahyoot

Second conjugation: gavareet' - to speak/ speak ya gavar'aowe speak mi gavareemyou speak ti govoreesl1you speak vi gavareeteslhe speaks on, anah gavareetthey speak onee gavar'~ -

Russian verbs can also show aspect, indicating whether thespeaker sees the action as an ongoing process (in whichcase the imperfective aspect is used), or the completion ofthe action (in which case the perfective aspect is used).Perfect aspect verbs are not used when the meaning is in thepresent tense.

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The two verbal aspects, perfective and imperfective, canidentified either by prefixes or suffixes added to the verb.example:Yachitahl etoo kneegoo. / was reading this book(using the verb chitat')Yaprachitahl etoo kneegoo. / read (i.e. completed

reading) this book.(using the verb prachitaht')

Negation in Russian is generally indicated by the word(not; a/so ni) which can be placed infront of a word to negits meaning. For example:Yaznahyoo.Ya ni znahyoo.

/ know./ don't know.

In Russian, several negative words may be necessary inegative statement, and do not cancel each other out:Yanikagdah nikamao ni a chom ni gavareel.I never tonobody not about something notsaidI never said anything to anyone.Questions in Russian are marked by intonation. Questiowith question words have a falling tone on the stressed pof the final word. For example:Koodah on pashal? Where did he go?

Questions which invite yes/no answers have a higher pon the stressed part of the word. For example:Tichitahl kneegoo? Did you read the book

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PYCCKltU PRONUNCIATION ENGLISHIMPORTANT SIGNS

Benocxnenacrta vi-Ia-si-pi-di-sti CyclistsBHHHMaHHe, vni-mah-n i-t, Attention:RnepeLlH fpi-ri-di RoadworksReLlYTC!I pafio'rsr vi-doot-sa ra-bo-ti in Progress

BHHwMaHHe, vni-mah-ni-i, Attention:neurexonu pe-shi-kho-di Pedestrians

Bnepenn fpi-ri-dl Traffic Lightscserorpop sfi-ta-for Ahead

Bxon fkhot No Admittanceaocnneuien vas-pri-shehon

Bsesn f'yest No Entryaanpeuren za-pri-shehon

.ll.BW)KeHHe dfi-zhe-ni-i Single LaneB 0LlWH p!lLl fa-din ryat Traffic

Ilepaorrecs dir-zhi-tis' Keep LeftneBOH CTOPOHbl Iye-vay sta-ra-ni

.ll.ep)KHTeCb dir-zhi-tis' Keep Rightnpaaoa CTOPOHbl pra-vay sta-ra-ni3aKpbITo za-kri-ta Closed3anaCHblH auxon za-pahs-niy vi-khat Emergency ExitKYpl1Tb koo-rit' za-pri- No Smokingaaupeuraercs shchah-it-sa

He ni za-dyer- No Passing3anep)KI1BaTbC!I zhi-vat-sa

06rOH ab-gon Detour06'he3A za-pri-shehon

Orpanavenne ag-ra-ni-chye-ni-i Reduce SpeedCKOPOCTI1 sko-ra-sti

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PYCCKltU PRONUNCIATION ENGLISOnHocTopoHHee ad-nas-ta-ro-ni-t One-Way Traffici1:BH)KeHHe dvi-zhye-ni-i

OnaCHO a-pahs-na DangerOnac astji a-pahs-niy DangerousnOBopOT pa-va-rot Curve

OCTaHOBKa a-sta-nof-ka Bus StopaBTo6yca at-to-boo-sa

I IYHKT CKOPOH poonkt sko-roy First Aid StationnOMOIl\H po-ma-shchi

CTO!lHKa MaWWH sta-yan-ka ma-shin ParkingCTO!lHKa MaWHH sta-yan-ka rna-shin No Parkingaanpeiuena za-pri-shchi-nah

TyaJIeT too-a-Iyet RestroomTynHK too-pik Dead End

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