ruth p. anglo, md department of family & community medicine may 5,2012
TRANSCRIPT
Step 1: Determine and classify lipoprotein levels
ATP Classification of LDL, Total, and HDL Cholesterol
LDL Cholesterol
< 100 mg/dL Optimal
100-129 Near Optimal
130-159 Borderline High
160-189 High
>/= 190 Very High
Total Cholesterol<200 mg/dL Desirable
200-239 Borderline high>/= 240 High
HDL Cholesterol< 40 mg/dL Low
>/= 60 High
Step 2: Identify presence of clinical atherosclerotic disease
o Clinical CHDo Symptomatic coronary artery
diseaseo Peripheral artery diseaseo Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Step 3: Major Risk Factors
o Cigarette smokingo Hypertensiono Low HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL)o Family history of premature CHD male: <55 years; female: <65 years o Age: men >/=45 years;
women >/= 55 years
Step 4: Determine risk category
Risk Category
LDL Goal
Initiate TLC
Consider Drug
TherapyCHD or
CHDRisk Equivalents
<100 mg/dL >/= 100
mg/dL
>/= 130 mg/dL
100-129 mg/dL (optional)
2+ Risk Factors
<130 mg/dL
>/= 130 mg/dL
>/= 160 mg/dL
0-1 Risk Factors
<160 mg/dL
>/= 160 mg/dL
>/=190 mg/dL
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes
o Weight managemento Increase physical activityo TLC diet
- Saturated fat < 7% of calories - Cholesterol < 200 mg/dL- Fiber 10-25 g/day
Model of Steps in Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes
Visit 1: Begin lifestyle therapies
6 weeks
Visit 2: Evaluate LDL response If goal not
reached,intensify LDL-lowering therapy
6 weeks
Visit 3: Evaluate LDL response If LDL goal not reached,
consideradding drug therapy
Q 4-6 weeks
Visit N: Monitor adherence to TLC
Progression of Drug Therapy in Primary Prevention
Initiate LDL-lowering therapy
6 weeks
If LDL goal not achieved,intensify LDL-lowering therapy
6 weeks
Drugs Affecting Drug Metabolism
StatinsLDL 18-55% decreaseHDL 5-15% increaseTG 7-30% decrease
S/E: Increased liver enzymes, myopathyCI: Active or chronic liver disease
Fibric AcidsGemfibrozil, Clofibrate, Fenofibrate
LDL 5-20% decreaseHDL 10-20% increaseTG 20-50% decrease
SE: Dyspepsia, gallstones, myopathyCI: severe renal disease, severe hepatic dse
Bile Acid SequestrantsCholestyramine, Colestipol
LDL 15-30% decrreaseHDL 3-5% increaseTG no change or increase
SE: GI distress, constipationCI: Dysbetalipoprotenemia,
TG >200/>400 mg/dL
Nicotinic Acid
LDL 5-25% decreaseHDL 15-35% increaseTG 20-50% decrease
SE: Flushing, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemiaupper GI distress, hepatotoxicity
CI: Chronic liver dse, severe goutDM, hyperuricemia, PUD
Identify metabolic syndrome and treat, if present after 3 months of TLC:
Risk Factor Defining Level
Abdominal Obesity Men Women
Waist circumference >102 cm (>40 in) >88 cm (>35 in)
Triglyceride >/= 150mg/dL
HDL cholesterol Men Women
<40 mg/dL < 50 mg/dL
Blood pressure >/=130/>/=85mmHg
Fasting Glucose >/= 110 mg/dL
Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome
Treat underlying causes-Intensify weight management-Increase physical activity
Treat lipid & non-lipid risk factors-Treat hypertension-Use ASA for CHD patients -Treat elevated TG and/or low HDL
Treat elevated triglycerides:
ATP III Classification of Serum TG (mg/dL)
<150 Normal150-199 Borderline high200-499 High>/= 500 Very high
Treatment of elevated triglycerides (>/= 150mg/dL)
Primary aim of therapy is to reach LDL goalIntensify weight managementIncrease physical activityIf TG is >/=200mg/dL after LDL goal is reached,set secondary goal for non-HDL cholesterol 30mg/dL higher than LDL cholesterol
Comparison of LDL Cholesterol and Non-HDL Cholesterol GoalsRisk Category LDL
Goal(mg/dL)
Non-HDL Goal
CHD and CHD Risk Equivalent
<100 <130
Multiple Risk Factors and 10-year Risk <20%
<130 <160
0-1 Risk Factor <160 <190
Treatment of Low HDL Cholesterol (40 mg/dL)
Reach LDL goalIntensify weight management and increase physical activityIf TG 200-499 mg/dL,achieve non-HDL
goalIf TG < 200 mg/dL in CHD or CHD equivalent consider nicotinic acid or fibrate