RICHARD NIXONPresident of the United States

ARTHUR F.SAMPSONActing Administrator of General Services

JAMES B. RHOADSArchivist of the United States

The records reproduced in the microfilm publication

are from

Records of the

Adjutant General's Office, 1780's-1917

Record Group 94

in the National Archives Building

COMPILED SERVICE RECORDS OFVOLUNTEER SOLDIERS WHO SERVED FROM

1784 to 1811

On the 32 rolls of this microfilm publication are reproducedthe compiled service records of volunteer soldiers who servedfrom 1784 to 1811. The compiled service records consist of ajacket-envelope for each soldier, which typically contains cardabstracts of entries relating to the soldier as found in originalmuster rolls, payrolls, receipt rolls, returns, and lists. Thesecompiled service records are part of the Records of the AdjutantGeneral's Office, 1780fs-1917, Record Group 94.

The U.S. Military Establishment, between the end of theRevolutionary War and the beginning of the War of 1812, consistedof a small Regular Army that was supplemented, when necessary,with State and Territorial militia units that were called intothe service of the National Government. Volunteers, raised byindividual States, territories, or the National Government tomeet specific emergencies, also constituted a part of the MilitaryEstablishment.

By the time of the signing of the Treaty of Paris, Septem-ber 3, 1783, the American Army of the Revolutionary War wasalready in the process of dissolution. On January 29, 1784, acommittee reported to the Congress that the American Army hadbeen disbanded except for one infantry regiment, commanded byCol. Henry Jackson, and a small detachment of artillery. Thecommittee recommended that Jackson's regiment be fully officeredand consist of 500 rank and file formed from those soldiers"whose times of service do not expire until the year 1785." OnJune 2, 1784, the Congress directed that all U.S. troops bedischarged with the exception of an artillery company of 80 pri-vates and the appropriate number of officers necessary to guardthe military stores at West Point, Fort Pitt, and other depots.

On June 3, however, the Congress resolved that the Statesof Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania furnishfrom their militia units a force of 700 men for a period of 12months. Pennsylvania was directed to contribute the greatestnumber of troops, and the Congress directed that the commanderof this regiment be furnished by that State. Lt. Col. JosiahHarmar became commander of this First Regiment of Infantry. Theartillery company that had been retained in the service formedpart of this new infantry regiment. The following April, anact of Congress authorized the raising of 700 men to replacethose previously enlisted in the First Regiment of Infantry whoseenlistments would soon expire. The final authorization forraising troops under the Articles of Confederation came October 3,1787, when the Congress enacted legislation to continue thestrength of the First Regiment at 700 men.

The Constitution of the United States empowered the Congressto "provide for the common Defence." To carry out this provision,the Constitution specifically authorized the Congress to declarewar, raise and support armies, provide and maintain a navy, pro-vide for the calling up of the militia, and establish rules forthe regulation of land and naval forces as well as for the orga-nizing, arming, and disciplining of the militia. The Constitu-tion placed the executive authority of the Government in theOffice of the President and invested the holder of that Officewith the role of "Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of theUnited States, and of the Militia of the several States, whencalled into the actual Service of the United States."

Exercising its constitutional powers, the Congress tookunder consideration the matter of defining the nature of theMilitary Establishment. On August 7, 1789, an act (1 Stat. 49)was adopted that set up an executive department, to be known asthe Department of War, and directed the Secretary for theDepartment of War to carry out the duties assigned to him by thePresident. Soon after taking office, President Washington soughtfrom the Congress a statutory basis for the existing militaryforces of the Nation, and on September 29, 1789, the Congressenacted legislation (1 Stat. 95) to recognize and retain theorganization of troops that had been raised by the ConfederationCongress in its resolution of October 3, 1787.

Subsequent congressional action increased the size and al-tered the composition of the Military Establishment. On April 30,1790, the Congress passed an act (1 Stat. 119) to enlist a maxi-mum number of 1,216 regular troops. As a consequence of thelegislation of September 1789 and that of April 1790, the earlierunits mentioned (Jackson's First American Regiment, Harmar'sFirst U.S. Regiment, and the Battalion of Artillery) became thenucleus of the Regular Army of the United States.

Legislation enacted on March 3, 1791 (1 Stat. 222), gavethe President the authority to enlist as many as 2,000 levies inaddition to or in place of militia. These levies, whose periodof service was limited to 6 months, were raised and maintainedby the Federal Government, and thus were distinguishable fromState militia that were called into "Federal service.

The Congress also enacted a basic militia law on May 8, 1792(1 Stat. 271), that called for the enrollment of "every able-bodiedwhite male citizen between the ages of 18 and 45." The lawfurther directed that each citizen enrolled provide himself witha "good musket, or firelock, and a sufficient bayonet and belt."The Congress prescribed a system of discipline for the militiabased on the rules of discipline and field exercises of Maj. Gen.Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, as amended by General Washington.

In addition to State militia units, the Congress providedfor the organization of militia units in the territories of theUnited States (1 Stat. 271). When a government was formallyconstituted for a territory, the Congress recognized the organi-zation of a Territorial militia and made the Governor of theterritory its commander in chief. Territorial militia units wereorganized in the same manner and operated under the same regula-tions as did the State units.

COMPILED SERVICE RECORDS

The military service records of soldiers who served in thevarious Indian campaigns, insurrections, and disturbances thatoccurred between 1784 and 1811 were compiled from original recordsmaintained by the Office of the Adjutant General. This Officewas the administrative and recordkeeping department of the MilitaryEstablishment. Its duties included exercising administrativecontrol over the orders, correspondence, and records of the Army;recording, authenticating, and communicating orders, regulations,and instructions to units and individuals in the military service;consolidating the general returns of the Army and the militia;preparing and issuing commissions; and managing the recruitingservice. During most of the 19th century, the Adjutant .General'sOffice also acted as custodian for the historical records of theRegular Army and the military records of volunteer forces.

War Department orders of July 3 and 16, 1889, directed theAdjutant General to relinquish certain functions executed by hisOffice that related to the military records of Volunteers anddirected that a Record and Pension Division be established in theWar Department to take custody of those records and transact thepension and departmental business connected with them. On May 9,1892, an act (27 Stat. 27) designated this Division the Recordand Pension Office.

In the process of carrying out its authorized functions, theRecord and PensioiuOffice brought together the original recordsof volunteer soldiers who served the United States between 1784and 1811. Some of these records were located in the War Depart-ment; others accompanied the Revolutionary War records that vari-ous executive departments transferred to the War Department undercongressional authorizations of July 27, 1892, and August 18, 1894.Other original records were borrowed by the Record and PensionOffice from various States so that copies could be made and placedon file in that Office.

The Record and Pension Office operated as a separate admin-istrative uniX within the War Department from 1889 to 1904 whenit was combined with the Adjutant General's Office to form theMilitary Secretary's Office. Three years later War Departmentorders designated this Office the Adjutant General's Office.

As a result of these reorganizations, the records that had orig-inally been accumulated by the Record and Pension Office wereplaced in the care of the Adjutant General. In 1912 the AdjutantGeneral's Office began to abstract and card original recordsshowing the military service of Volunteers who served between1784 and 1811.

The compiled service records reproduced in this microfilmpublication are arranged under the designations U.S. Organiza-tions, State Organizations, and Territorial Organizations, there'-under by unit, and thereunder alphabetically by soldier's surname.Units identified by number precede those identified by name; forexample, for the State of Georgia, the Third Regiment of Militiaprecedes the Georgia Militia. When a body of troops is desig-nated only by the type of unit, such as Scouts and Spies or Gen-eral Staff, it is placed after the units bearing numerical ornominal designations within a particular State or territory.There are cross-references for soldiers' names that appear inthe records under more than one spelling.

Preceding the jacket-envelopes for the individual soldiersin each unit are envelopes containing cards onto which have beencopied captions taken from the original records. These captioncards generally include information on when, where, and underwhom the unit operated and often bear a copy of the certificationand endorsement found on the original record.

In a few cases, personal papers that relate solely to aparticular soldier have been filed with the carded abstracts inthe jacket-envelope bearing the soldier's name. There is alsoa series of personal papers that have not been placed in jacket-envelopes. These personal papers include pay and subsistenceaccounts and miscellaneous documents that were not interfiledwith the jacketed abstracts for a number of reasons. Frequentlythe information they contained was incomplete or defective insome way so that they could not be positively related to anysoldier for whom there was a compiled service record. Theseunfiled papers follow the service records for the TerritorialOrganizations and are arranged alphabetically by name of soldier;a list of the soldiers' names concludes the table of contents.

INDEXES

There are card indexes to the service records reproduced inthis publication. A general name index, which is part of RecordGroup 94, is available as National Archives Microfilm PublicationM694, Index to Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Soldiers WhoServed From 1784 to 1811. Separate smaller indexes for U.5.Organizations, each State, and each territory include the samenames as the general index and are part of the same record group.

RELATED RECORDS

The original records from which these service records wereabstracted are in Records of the Adjutant General's Office,1780's-1917, Record Group 94, with the exception of a volume inRecords of United States Army Commands, 1784-1821, Record Group98. This volume consists of an inspection return of officers ofthe American Regiment of Foot under Col. Henry Jackson at WestPoint in May 1784. Correspondence, records of accounts, andother records created by the early Military Establishment thatpertain to the mustering, equipping, provisioning, and paying ofthe volunteer forces are available in Record Group 94. An impor-tant series of records relating to this period is available asM904, War Department Collection of Post Revolutionary WarManuscripts.

Several numbered record books in the War Department Collec-tion of Revolutionary War Records, Record Group 93, include ma-terial relating to military affairs after the Revolutionary War.These numbered record books are reproduced as M853, NumberedRecord Books Concerning Military Operations and Service, Payand Settlement of Accounts, and Supplies in the War DepartmentCollection of Revolutionary War Records.

In many cases, soldiers who served between 1784 and 1811had served previously with an organization of troops during theRevolutionary War. If an individual served during the Revolu-tionary War, a record of his service may be located among thecompiled service records of Revolutionary War soldiers. Theserecords are part of Record Group 93, and they have been reproducedas M881, Compiled Service Records of Soldiers Who Served in theAmerican Army During the Revolutionary War. Card indexes tothese service records are also available on microfilm as M860,General Index to the Compiled Military Service Records of Revolu-tionary War Soldiers.

Information concerning where, when, and how long a soldierenlisted in the Regular Army appears on Registers of Enlistments,1798-1912. These registers, which are part of Record Group 94,are reproduced as M233, Registers of Enlistments in the U.S.Army, 1798-1884.

If a soldier whose compiled service record appears in thismicrofilm publication applied for a pension or a bounty landwarrant, additional information about him may be located amongthe pension and bounty land warrant application files in Recordsof the Veterans Administration, Record Group 15. Pension andbounty land warrant application files based on the service ofRevolutionary War military and naval personnel have been repro-duced as M804, Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land-Warrant

Application Files. Pension application case files based onservice between 1783 and 1861 ("Old Wars" series) include claimsrelating to soldiers whose compiled service records are reproducedin this publication. A name index to these files has been micro-filmed as T316.

Legislative records, including journals, correspondence, andother related materials of the Confederation Congress that af-fected the Military Establishment, are in Records of the Conti-nental and Confederation Congresses and the Constitutional Con-vention, Record Group 360. These records are reproduced asM247, Papers of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789, and M332,Miscellaneous Papers of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789.Legislative records created after 1789 are in Records of theUnited States House of Representatives, Record Group 233, andin Records of the United States Senate, Record Group 46. Recordsrelating to fiscal matters are in Records of the Bureau of Ac-counts (Treasury), Record Group 39; Records of the Bureau ofthe Public Debt, Record Group 53; General Records of the Depart-ment of the Treasury, Record Group 56; and Records of the UnitedStates General Accounting Office, Record Group 217.

These introductory remarks were written by Richard Myers.

CONTENTS

Roll Description

U.S. OrganizationsForerunners of the Regular Army of the United States

1 First American Regiment, 1784First U.S. Regiment (Harmar), 1785-90

A - L2 M - Z

Battalion of ArtilleryCaptain Burbeck's Co.Captain Savage's Co.

U.S. Levies3 First Regiment (Darke)

A - L4 M - Y5 Second Regiment

A - L6 M - Y

Miscellaneous UnitsAllison's Regiment, 1790Captain Johnston's Corps of Artillery, 1785Shorey's Corps of Cherokee Scouts, 1800

7 State OrganizationsGeorgia

First Regiment, Cavalry, Militia (Washington County)First Regiment, Militia (Greene County)First (Tripletts1) Regiment, MilitiaSecond (Lamar's) Regiment, MilitiaSecond Regiment, First Brigade, Third Division,Militia

Third Regiment, Militia (Wilkes County)Fourth Regiment, Militia (Wilkes County)Camden County Regiment, Militia

8 Georgia Militia9 Melton's Regiment, Militia

Stewart's Command, MilitiaWatt's Command, MilitiaScouts and Spies, Militia

KentuckySixth Regiment, MilitiaNinth (Trotter's) Regiment, MilitiaTwenty-fourth (Ramsay's) Regiment, MilitiaAdair's Regiment, Cavalry, Volunteers

10 Captain Baker's Co., VolunteersDavid Caldwell's Battalion, Cavalry, VolunteersJohn Caldwell's Battalion, Mounted Volunteers

11 Conn's Battalion, Mounted VolunteersCaptain Dyal's Co., VolunteersCaptain Geiger's Co., Mounted RiflemenCaptain Gray's Co., Militia

Roll Description

12 Hall's Regiment, Cavalry, VolunteersCaptain Holmes' Co., MilitiaCaptain Hughes' Co., MilitiaHuston's Battalion, Mounted VolunteersKentucky Volunteers (Various Organizations)Sergeant McAffry's Guard, VolunteersLieutenant Modrel's Co., Militia

13 Captain Patterson's Co., MilitiaPrice's Battalion, Mounted VolunteersRussell's Regiment, Cavalry, Volunteers

14 Russell's Battalion, Mounted VolunteersCaptain Taylor's Co., MilitiaMajor Wells' Corps, Mounted RiflemenWhitaker's Battalion, Mounted Volunteers

15 Generals and Staffs, Volunteer MilitiaScouts and Spies

16 New HampshireCaptain Bell's Co.Captain Salter's Co., Matrosses

New JerseyCaptain Shaver's Troop, Light Dragoons, Volunteers

OhioBuell's Corps, Militia

PennsylvaniaCaptain Crawford's Co., Rangers, MilitiaCaptain Donahe's Detachment, MilitiaMcCully's Corps, Riflemen, MilitiaCaptain Van Horn's Co., MilitiaScouts and Spies

17 VirginiaSeventh Regiment (Second Battalion), MilitiaNineteenth Regiment (First Battalion), MilitiaTwentieth Regiment, MilitiaThirty-third (Mayo's) Regiment, MilitiaFifty-second Regiment, MilitiaFifty-fourth (Sharp's) Regiment, Militia

18 One Hundred Thirteenth Regiment, MilitiaOne Hundred Fifteenth Regiment, MilitiaCaptain Armistead's Co., MilitiaBenn's Battalion (Campbell's Regiment), MilitiaCaptain Bohannan's Co., MilitiaCaptain Bowden's Troop, Cavalry, Militia

19 Captain Butt's Co., MilitiaCaptain Coke's Troop, Cavalry, MilitiaCaptain Day's Co., MilitiaCaptain Dicks' Troop, Cavalry, MilitiaCapt. William Jones' Co., MilitiaCaptain Jordan's Co., MilitiaCaptain Kelsick's Co., Militia

8

Roll Description

Captain Lee's Co., MilitiaMajor Lewis' CommandCaptain Maurice's Co., MilitiaCaptain Murdaugh's Troop, Cavalry, MilitiaCaptain Pollard's Artillery Co., MilitiaCaptain Sheppard's Troop, Cavalry, Militia

20 Capt. James Taylor's Co., MilitiaCapt. R. B. Taylor's Troop, Cavalry, MilitiaCapt. R. L. Taylor's Co., MilitiaCaptain Veal's Co., MilitiaVirginia Militia (Various Organizations)Lieutenant Walter's Co., MilitiaCaptain West's Co., MilitiaLieutenant Woodroof's Co., MilitiaScouts and Spies

21 Territorial OrganizationsIndian Territory

First (Jordan's) Regiment, MilitiaSecond (Bartholomew's) Regiment, MilitiaFourth (Decker's) Regiment, Militia

22 Lieutenant Berry's Detachment, Mounted Riflemen,Militia

Captain DuBois' Co., Spies and Guides, MilitiaIndiana Territory Militia (Various Organizations)Parke's Squadron, Light Dragoons, MilitiaCaptain Robb's Co., Mounted Riflemen, MilitiaMajor Robb's Detachment, MilitiaCaptain Spencer's Co., Mounted Riflemen, MilitiaGeneral Staff, Militia

23 Illinois TerritoryCaptain Alexander's Co., MilitiaCaptain Ford's Co., MilitiaEnsign Judy's Detachment, Mounted Infantry, MilitiaCaptain Whiteside's Co., Mounted Infantry, MilitiaEnsign Whiteside's Detachment, Mounted Infantry,Militia

Louisiana TerritoryCaptain Buis' Co., Dragoons, MilitiaCaptain Ellis' Co., Dragoons, MilitiaCaptain Journey's Co., Riflemen, MilitiaLouisiana Territory Militia (Various Organizations)Captain Pratte's Co., MilitiaCaptain Shrader's Co., Dragoons, MilitiaLieutenant Valois! Detachment, Dragoons, MilitiaCaptain Wherry's Co., Dragoons, Militia

24 Mississippi TerritoryFirst (Claiborne's) Regiment, MilitiaSecond (Fitzpatrick's) Regiment, MilitiaFifth' Regiment, Militia

25 Captain Davidson's Troops, Dragoons, Militia

Roll Description

Lieutenant Hinds' Troop, Dragoons, VolunteersOrleans Territory

Eighth Regiment, MilitiaTenth Regiment, MilitiaDuBourg's Battalion, Militia

Territory Northwest of the Ohio RiverGano's Command, Militia

26 Territory South of the Ohio RiverSecond (Scott's) Regiment, Militia (1793)Beard's Battalion, Militia%Captain Beard's Co., GuardsEnsign Blair's DetachmentEnsign Brooks' DetachmentCarter's Regiment, Militia

27 Christian's Regiment, MilitiaCornet Davidson's DetachmentDavidson County RangersDoherty's Regiment, Militia

28 Donaldson's Regiment, MilitiaFord's Regiment, MilitiaSergeant Gibbon's DetachmentCorporal Hazlett's Detachment, Mounted MilitiaCorporal Morton's Detachment, Mounted InfantryJohnson's Detachment, Mounted MilitiaKennedy's Regiment, Militia

29 Knox County Regiment, Hamilton District MilitiaAc - Ew

30 Fa - Ma31 Me - Yo32 Sergeant Lowry's Detachment, Mounted Infantry

Ore's Regiment, MilitiaIsaac Roberts' Regiment, MilitiaJames Robert's Regiment, MilitiaScott's Regiment, Militia (1794)Sumner County MilitiaLieutenant Walker's Co., RangersLieutenant Williams, Detachment

Unfiled PapersAaron AdamsWilliam AggieThomas AndersonHenry AnsleeRobert BarrStephen CleaverCharles ConnorEbenezer CummingsSam R. DavidsonTimothy DemumbroeJohn Dohathy

10

Roll Description

James DouganJames GrahamRichard H. GreaterJames GrimesThomas HickmanJonas InghamJosiah InghamThomas JamesMichael KerrelBaptiste LatulipeG. A. MartinWalter MaxeyJames McCoyBritton McDonaldFlorence McGiggenCharles McLeanWilliam O'NealFrancis GrimyHanray PickelJohn NelsonSamuel PhilipsJohn H. RobinsonFrederick SimpfJohn SmileyRichard TaylorNathaniel TeelJohn TwiggsLuke VoriesJames WhiteCaleb Worley

11

GSA DC 73-13806