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Silvia DALLA TORRESilvia DALLA TORRECSN I, 3CSN I, 3--4/4/2005 4/4/2005 11

S. S. DallaDalla TorreTorre

HIGHHIGH--LIGHTS DA LIGHTS DA

argomentiargomenti selezionatiselezionati::

••caratteristichecaratteristiche del del Workshop(sWorkshop(s))

••RICH ed RICH ed esperimentiesperimenti ((presentepresente e e futurofuturo))

••statostato, , innovazioniinnovazioni e e prospettiveprospettive delladella tecnologiatecnologia

••ilil prossimoprossimo WORKSHOPWORKSHOP


IL WORKSHOPIL WORKSHOPworkshop workshop precedentiprecedenti

ilil sitosito di RICH2004 di RICH2004 http://www.ifisica.uaslp.mx/rich2004/main.htmlhttp://www.ifisica.uaslp.mx/rich2004/main.html

partecipantipartecipanti: 94 : 94 registratiregistrati

sessionisessioni, , tuttetutte plenarieplenarie, , suisui temitemi::(per un (per un totaletotale di 64 talkdi 64 talke 13 posters)e 13 posters)

Year Location Proceedings1993 Bari, Italy Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, Vol 343, Issue 11995 Upsalla, Sweden Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, Vol. 371, Issue 1/21998 Ein Gedi, Israel Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, Vol. 433, Issue 1/22002 Pylos, Greece Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, Vol. 502, Issue 1

RICH at Colliders Novel RICH Detectors RICH at Fixed Target Experiments Technological Aspects Cherenkov Detectors in Astroparticle Projects Other Particle ID Methods

ilil sitosito di RICH2004di RICH2004

http://www.ifisica.uaslp.mx/rich2004/main.html


LL’’ INFN @ RICH2004INFN @ RICH2004

DAL PROGRAMMA SCIENTIFICO: DAL PROGRAMMA SCIENTIFICO: la la partecipazionepartecipazione italianaitaliana(8 (8 contributicontributi))

speaker titolo esperimento

Fulvio Tessarotto STUDIES FOR A FAST RICH COMPASSSergio Costa CLAM COMPASSMaria Angela Nitti Progress in UV thin film photocathodes ALICESilvia Dalla Torre STATUS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPASS RICH-1 COMPASSMauro Iodice Performance and results of the RICH detector for kaon physics in Hall A at Jefferson Lab Hall A J-labClara Matteuzzi A RICH with aerogel LHC-bEugenio Nappi New perspectives with RICH ALICE, HERMES, STARSergio Costa SIC, a Cherenkov radiation simulator COMPASS


VITALITAVITALITA’’ DEI RICH 1/2DEI RICH 1/2Physics Topic Physics Topic Examples: Exciting Issues (2004)Examples: Exciting Issues (2004) Some Experiments with Some Experiments with

RICH; RICH; Active/ Active/ Future:Future:(and(and without RICH/without RICH/ČČ detdet))

Heavy Flavor PhysicsHeavy Flavor Physics •• Confronting the Standard Model:Confronting the Standard Model:Precision Measurements of CP Violation in Precision Measurements of CP Violation in B Sector; B Sector; •• Are there experimental hints of New Are there experimental hints of New Physics?Physics?

BaBar(SLACBaBar(SLAC)), , BELLE(KEK),BELLE(KEK),CLEOCLEO--III(CornellIII(Cornell), CKM, ), CKM, SELEX, SELEX, BTeVBTeV ((FermilabFermilab))LHCbLHCb (CERN); Super B(CERN); Super B--Factory (SLAC/KEK?)Factory (SLAC/KEK?)

HadronHadron StructureStructure •• Do Do PentaquarksPentaquarks exist?exist?•• Do other exotic hadrons exist? Do other exotic hadrons exist? •• What is quark content of new states? What is quark content of new states? E.g., DE.g., DssJJ[2317]; D[2317]; DssJJ[2460]; [2460]; DDssJJ[2632](SELEX); X(3872)[2632](SELEX); X(3872)

Many of the Heavy Flavor Many of the Heavy Flavor Experiments above;Experiments above;HERMES(DESY);HERMES(DESY);COMPASS(CERN); COMPASS(CERN); ((SELEX(FermilabSELEX(Fermilab))))GSI: PANDA, CBMGSI: PANDA, CBMHALLHALL--A (JLAB)A (JLAB)

Neutrino PhysicsNeutrino Physics •• First Confirmed Physics Beyond SMFirst Confirmed Physics Beyond SM•• Are neutrinos Are neutrinos DiracDirac or or MajoranaMajorana? ? •• What is the mass What is the mass hierachyhierachy??•• Neutrino AstrophysicsNeutrino Astrophysics

Super Super KamiokandeKamiokande; ; SNO(SudburySNO(Sudbury); Lake ); Lake Baikal;Baikal;Ice Ice Cube(SouthCube(South Pole);Pole);Antares(MediterraneanAntares(Mediterranean););NESTOR (Greece)NESTOR (Greece)

tabellatabella di B. Ratcliff di B. Ratcliff –– RICH2004RICH2004(con (con qualchequalche aggiountaaggiounta))


VITALITAVITALITA’’ DEI RICH 2/2DEI RICH 2/2Physics Topic Physics Topic Examples: Exciting Issues Examples: Exciting Issues

(2004)(2004)Some Experiments with RICH; Some Experiments with RICH; Active/ Active/ Future:Future:(and(and without RICH/without RICH/ČČ detdet..))

Quark Matter at High Quark Matter at High Density (Heavy Ions)Density (Heavy Ions)

Discovery of QuarkDiscovery of Quark--Gluon Gluon PlasmaPlasma

HADES(GSI)HADES(GSI)PHENIX(RHIC)PHENIX(RHIC)STAR(RHIC)STAR(RHIC)ALICE (CERN)ALICE (CERN)

High Energy FrontierHigh Energy Frontier Discovery!Discovery!•• Higgs?; Higgs?; •• SupersymmetrySupersymmetry??

CDF/D0(Fermilab)CDF/D0(Fermilab)ATLAS/CMS(LHC)ATLAS/CMS(LHC)

AstroAstro--particle physicsparticle physics •• Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays;Rays;•• Very High Energy Gamma Very High Energy Gamma Rays;Rays;

Discussed at this conferenceDiscussed at this conferenceAMSAMS--02(Space)02(Space)Auger (Argentina)Auger (Argentina)HESS (Namibia); HESS (Namibia); PueblaPueblaTTUUNNKKA (A (SSiibbeerriiaa))Mexico/Mexico/ChalcatayaChalcatayaMagic (la Palma) Magic (la Palma)

tabellatabella di B. Ratcliff di B. Ratcliff –– RICH2004RICH2004(con (con qualchequalche aggiountaaggiounta))


PERCHEPERCHE’’ APPARATI SENZA RICH ALLE APPARATI SENZA RICH ALLE FRONTIERE DELLFRONTIERE DELL’’ENERGIAENERGIA ??

non non sembrasembra esserciesserci un golden channel un golden channel cheche richiedarichieda PIDPIDancheanche se un se un buonbuon PID PID puopuo’’

ridurre il fondo combinatoriofornire sensibilita’ per segnali di nuova fisicarendere gli apparati ancor piu’ multipurpose

ilil problemaproblema tecnicotecnico principaleprincipale potrebbepotrebbe venire venire dalladalla richiestarichiesta di di ermeticitaermeticita’’nelnel futurofuturo, , vedremovedremo proposteproposte come come quellaquella qui sotto qui sotto diventarediventare realtarealta’’??

STAR Upgrades R&D Proposal STAR Upgrades R&D Proposal (N. Smirnov (N. Smirnov -- RICH2004): TPC e RICH RICH2004): TPC e RICH integratiintegrati !!

Pad Det with CsI (GEM ?!)16 identical miniTPC’swith GEM readout;“working” gas:

fast, low diffusion, UV transparenty

x

Pad Detector III

Pad Detector II

Pad Detector I

Beam Pipe andVertex Detectors

miniTPC

ToFEMC

Magnet

y

x


PROGRESSI TECNOLOGICI DEL PROGRESSI TECNOLOGICI DEL RECENTE PASSATORECENTE PASSATO

CSICSI--MWPCsMWPCs in COMPASSin COMPASS[+ [+ costruzionicostruzioni per per ALICEALICE--HMPID]HMPID]

LHCLHC--B B

Il DIRC di BABAR

Il DIRC di BABAR MAPMT per MAPMT per ll’’upgradeupgrade

di COMPASS di COMPASS [+ [+ studistudi per BTEV]per BTEV]

AEROGEL:AEROGEL:HERMESHERMESLHCLHC--BBAMSAMSBELLE upBELLE up--gradegrade

ppππ

MAPMT perMAPMT perilil RICH di AMSRICH di AMS


UNA CURIOSITAUNA CURIOSITA’’ : : IDENTIFICAZIONE DI IONI PESANTIIDENTIFICAZIONE DI IONI PESANTI

C

Z2

3 6

>~16

>16

He

Li Si-P ?

~Fe ?

Nγ in the ring ~ Z2 - dopo CAPRIS e HIRICH, i test beam di AMS

M. M. BuBuéénerdnerd

CC


PROGRESSI TECNOLOGICIPROGRESSI TECNOLOGICINOVITANOVITA’’

fotorivelazionefotorivelazionedepositi fotosensibili e gas: il ruolo di ion feedback

studi quantitativi con CsIfotorivelatori a gas:

GEM & GEM-like + Cs

fotorivelatori in vuoto: flat panelsMCP - PMT

radiatoriradiatorigassosi (beyond C4F10)aerogel

nuovinuovi approcciapprocciTOP, focalized DIRC


CsICsI MWPC MWPC –– ION FEEDBACKION FEEDBACKidentificazioneidentificazione del del fenomenofenomeno delldell’’ionion feedfeed--back come back come ilil PROBLEMA PROBLEMA dellodello CsICsI

Dose-effect relation from 3 different irradiated zones

Different doses on 3 irradiated positions

Dose-response relation for49 days and 129 days after irradiation(time effect taken into account by interpolation)

expected dose for 10 y ALICE

(0.5 mC/cm2)

fits of the dose effect with a cumulative lognormal distribution function

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

lognormal fit 49 dinterpolated measurement 49 dlognormal fit 129 dinterpolated measurement 129 dlognormal fit 2 dinterpolated measurement 2d

integrated dose [mC/cm2]

QE

decr

ease

[%]

Pos 3

Pos 1Pos 2

pos 3

pos 1

pos 2

y [mm]

x [mm]

Inorm

Results obtained with the VUV-scanner for 3 irradiation with different doses of accumulated charge

(H. Hoedlmoser)


GEM e GEM e CsICsI 1/41/4CsI semi-transparent photocathode

EDRIFT

∆VGEM

Photocathode

REFLECTIVE PHOTOCATHODEPhotocathode

reduced IFBreduced IFBRELATIVE QUANTUM EFFICIENCY FOR DIFFERENT GASESCsI semi-transparent photocathode

REFLECTIVE CsI PHOTOCATHODE: field dependence of Q.E.

0-40 +40

pushing for high pushing for high ∆∆V !!V !!-Reflective PC (compared to ST), higher QE, low sensitivity to ionizing BG radiation

- Reduced secondary effects high gains 106 - 107

- Fast: with CF4 σ = 1.6ns w\single electronsσ = 0.33ns w\150 electrons

A. Breskin


GEM e GEM e CsICsI 2/42/4

sisi pensapensa giagia’’ ad ad unauna applicazioneapplicazione: : ll’’upgradeupgrade di di PhenixPhenix

HBD HBD ((HadronHadron Blind Detector): un Blind Detector): un contatorecontatore CerenkovCerenkov senzasenzafinestrefinestre

HBD concept:HBD concept:♣♣ Windowless Windowless CherenkovCherenkov detector detector

(L=50cm) (L=50cm) ♣♣ CFCF44 as radiator and detector gasas radiator and detector gas♣♣ CsICsI reflective photocathode reflective photocathode ♣♣ Triple GEM with pad readoutTriple GEM with pad readout

(I. Tserruya)


GEM e GEM e CsICsI 3/43/4Real challenge:GPMTs for the visible range!Photocathodes(e.g. bi-alkali)are very chemically reactive.Cannot operate in flow-mode!

Solution:

Visible-range GPMTs => sealed mode

Secondary avalanches due to Secondary avalanches due to ion feedbackion feedbackgain limits, imaging problems (observed in gain limits, imaging problems (observed in KK--CsCs--SbSb))Photocathode damagePhotocathode damage due to ion sputteringdue to ion sputtering

observed in both: observed in both: CsICsI and and KK--CsCs--SbSb

Major efforts to limit ion backflowMajor efforts to limit ion backflow

photocathode

cathode mesh

hv

VC-TVA-C

E trans

E drift

CA

MHSP:MHSP:MicroholeMicrohole & Strip Plate& Strip Plate

A. Breskin


GEM e GEM e CsICsI 4/44/4Thick GEMThick GEM--like multipliers (TGEM) : like multipliers (TGEM) : a simple solution for large area a simple solution for large area UVUV--RICH detectorsRICH detectorsmanufactured by standard PCB techniques of precise drilling drilling in G-10 (+ other materials) and Cu etchingCu etching

1mm

R. Chechik et al.

A TGEM costs ~4$ /unit.

• Gains: 105 with a single TGEM; 107 with cascaded double TGEM

• Fast signals: r.t. <10 ns.• The e- transfer efficiency (into the holes) is

well understood.• Counting rate capability: ~ 106 avalnches/sec x

mm2 @ gain 4x104

• Ion backflow: study in course• TGEMs of different materials (e.g. Kevlar,

Teflon…) for CF4 ?.• TGEM studied with transparent and reflective

photocathode• G-10 TGEMs tested with several gases.


FLAT PANELSFLAT PANELSBelle upgrade, test beamBelle upgrade, test beam

matrix of flat panels,matrix of flat panels,HammamatsuHammamatsu H8500

uniformity is ~1:2.5

H8500

P. P. KrizanKrizan

J. J. VavraVavra


MCPMCP--PMT 1/4PMT 1/4Channel

~400µmInput electron

HV

MCP channel

φ~10µm

Photo

-catho

de

MCP

HV

Anod

e

quandoquando le le richiesterichieste sonosono•• risoluzionerisoluzione temporaletemporale spintaspinta•• operazioneoperazione in campo in campo magneticomagnetico

Electron amplification in micro Electron amplification in micro channel (channel (φφ ~10~10µµm)m)

Fast/small transit time spreadGain saturation

B field immunity

Geometrical Geometrical appertureapperture ~ 60% ~ 60% Gain ~O(10Gain ~O(1066) w/ 2) w/ 2--3 stages 3 stages Possible to make a multiPossible to make a multi--anode anode PMT.PMT.

Toru Iijima

HPK6R3809U-50-11X

BINP8N4428

HPK10R3809U-50-25X

Burle2585011-501


MCP MCP -- PMT 2/4PMT 2/4

TDC(time walk corrected).

25ps/count

Tail componentdue to bouncingpe at MCP surface

Small chanel diam. Shows high stability against B-field

1p.e2p.e

3p.e

HPK6 at B=1.5T (0deg.) BINP8 at B=1.5T (15deg.) •MCP-PMT w/ <10µm has excellent single photon countingperformance up to 1.5 T

•Gain > 106

•TTS < 35psUnresolved issues: cross talk + Life time!!

Toru Iijima


MCPMCP--PMT 3/4PMT 3/4i i multianodomultianodo

Photo cathodePhoto cathode multimulti--alkalialkali#MCP stage#MCP stage 22Gain (HV)Gain (HV) 2x102x1066 ((--3.5KV)3.5KV)MCP hole MCP hole diadia.. 1010µµmmGeometrical C.E.Geometrical C.E. 50%50%#pixel /size#pixel /size 1x4 / 5mmx22mm1x4 / 5mmx22mmEffEff. area (2cm. area (2cmTT)) 77%77%

22 (effective area)27.5

1ch2ch3ch4ch

Under

deve

lopmen

t

HAMAMATSU: SL10 MCP-PMT

Toru Iijima


MCPMCP--PMT 4/4PMT 4/4i i multianodomultianodo

uniformity is ~1:1.5

J. J. VavraVavra


RADIATORI GASSOSIRADIATORI GASSOSIC4F10 C4F10 –– non non piupiu’’ in in produzioneproduzione (3M)(3M)

n ~ 1.0014 (il maggior n fra i fluorocarbori gassosi a T ambiente)C5F12 (C5F12 (minimominimo n n frafra i i fluorocarburifluorocarburi liquidiliquidi a T a T ambienteambiente))

RICH in pressione o caldi

BTeV investigation: gas C4F8O (n=1.0014) might be a viable replacement of gas C4F8O (n=1.0014) might be a viable replacement of C4F10 ?C4F10 ?

C4F8O in use by semiconductor industry first use as Cherenkov radiator (TEST BEAM)Chemical name: octafluorotetrahydrofuran.Density: ~10 times heavier than airBoiling point: –0.8oC (Matheson TRI-GAS MSDS), -5.5oC (American Chemical Society)

Not a poison. Non-explosive. Colorless. Odorless. Stable, mostly non-reactive except with alkali halide metals (Sodium, Potassium)According to manufacturer can pick-up and transport oils. Contact with organic materials should be minimized.99.6% pure, rest mostly the isomer of this molecule, also other perfluorocarbons (freons), Non-perfluorocarbons <0.05%Price: ~$40/lb ($24/ft3 at 20oC)

C4F8O characterization onC4F8O characterization on--going going Material compatibility tests with C4F8O in progress at Syracusesome doubts it could work in UV, scintillations?

T. Skwarnicki


AEROGEL 1/4AEROGEL 1/4ll’’aumentoaumento di di qualitaqualita’’ neglinegli annianni

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

wavelength (nm)

’80s

1996

2004

t

yearyear producerproducer’’80s80s AirglassAirglass19961996 MatsubishitaMatsubishita20042004 MatsubishitaMatsubishita,,

NovosibirskNovosibirsk

‘‘80s80s

20042004total

undefldeflect

n = 1.03, t = 1 cm

((dada E.NappiE.Nappi))


AEROGEL 2/4AEROGEL 2/4COLLABORAZIONECOLLABORAZIONE

KEKMatsushita Electric Works, Ltd.

hydrophobicNew production technique New production technique new solvent introduced: new solvent introduced: DMF(N,NDMF(N,N--didi--methlymethly--formamideformamide))

Use DMF together with Methanol as solvent

ISSUES:ISSUES:•• larger transparencylarger transparency•• larger tileslarger tiles•• multilayer tilesmultilayer tiles

High transparency with DMF >~ 70%100x100x20mm3

n=1.050

No cracks

boundaryn=1.050

n=1.045

n=1.055

Ichiro Adachi


AEROGEL 3/4AEROGEL 3/4NotizieNotizie dada NovosibirskNovosibirsk

collaborazionecollaborazione daldal 1988 di1988 diBoreskov Institute of CatatlysisBudker Institute of Nuclear Physiscs

campionecampioneigroscopicoigroscopico

Light scattering length = 44 mm at 400 nmthickness

mmindex

desiredindex

measuredLayer1 6.0 1.030 1.0297+- 0.0003Layer2 6.3 1.027 1.0268+-0.0005Layer3 6.7 1.024 1.0234+-0.0003Layer4 7.0 1.022 1.0213+-0.0003

NOVOSIBIRSK NOVOSIBIRSK (A. (A. DanilyukDanilyuk))


AEROGEL 4/4AEROGEL 4/4AEROGEL, how to increase number of photons without degrading the resolution?

Matsushita Aerogel

(S. (S. KorparKorpar))


DIRC DI SECONDA DIRC DI SECONDA GENERAZIONE: IL TOP 1/2GENERAZIONE: IL TOP 1/2

TOP Counter ConceptTOP Counter ConceptQuartzQuartz--based RICH counter to detect based RICH counter to detect internally reflected internally reflected CherenkovCherenkov light light (like DIRC at (like DIRC at BaBarBaBar))But reconstruct the image in (X,TOP) But reconstruct the image in (X,TOP) instead of (X,Y).instead of (X,Y).““TOPTOP”” = = Time Of PropagationTime Of PropagationPossible if Possible if ∆∆TOP < TOP < 100ps100ps for each arriving photon.for each arriving photon.

butterfly TOP butterfly TOP

J. Vavra

Toru Iijima


DIRC DI SECONDA DIRC DI SECONDA GENERAZIONE: IL TOP 2/2GENERAZIONE: IL TOP 2/2

each photon will be measured with a ~100ps timing resolution, to correct out the chromatic error

the Focusing DIRC prototype is in the test beam at SLAC.

focusing TOPfocusing TOP3D information

t, x and vertical angle

10cm

40cm

2cm

Readout plane

Focusing mirror

J. Vavra

Toru Iijima


SIXTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RICH IMAGING

CHERENKOV DETECTORS@

TRIESTE

Hosting Institution: INFN


Trieste selected on 1/12/04 by ISACTrieste selected on 1/12/04 by ISAC

we thanks the Committee we will do our best to make the 6th

Workshop successful

when?when?

in 3 years from now October 2007


The The BaseLineBaseLineOptionOption

““StazioneStazione MarittimaMarittima””

The main feature of this proposal is the location of the Workshop Building, which is down-town, in the town centre, directly located on the see side, near (within walking distance) to several hotels, a number of restaurants, most of Trieste Museums, the historical nucleus of the town and the most elegant shopping area.


JUST IN CASE JUST IN CASE ……


ANCORA GASANCORA GASgoals:goals:

be highly pixilated (a few mm2 pads),work in 15kG magnetic field,deliver a 100-200ps timing resolution persingle photonbe affordable

Why gas?Why gas?in vacuum, photoelectrons go straight and hit topMCP surface. Only less than 30-50% of them will be “in time” and collectedin gaseous device, 95-98% photoelectrons will becollected. They would work in magnetic field.

IDEA per IDEA per bloccarebloccare ll’’ionionfeed back (feed back (funzionafunzionain campo B; in campo B; inclinazinclinaz. . forifori MCPMCP= = angoloangolo di Lorenz)di Lorenz)L’ ion backflow al catodo e’nullo entro l’erroire di misura.

((dada J.VavraJ.Vavra, T. , T. SimiyoshiSimiyoshi ))


HPD & Co.HPD & Co.propsettivepropsettive per per unun’’alternativaalternativaagliagli HPD DEPHPD DEP

svilupposviluppo di HPD e HPAD in di HPD e HPAD in cooperazionecooperazione Belle e Belle e HamammatsuHamammatsugoal : multi-anode (144ch) HPD/HAPD

Outer: 72x72 mm2Effective : 59x59 mm2 (65%)Multi-anode:12x12=144 ch.Pixel Size: 4.9x4.9 mm2

daldal catalogocatalogo DEPDEP

Basic performance has been studied with the 3x3 type HPD /HAPD.3x3 ch HPD

No serious problemHigher gain than expected (1500 -> 2100).

3x3 ch HAPDLow yield of good quality APD’s.There is a HV leak from photocathode.High gain but very noisy.Further investigation is underway with a new production batch.

ppnn

Photo electron

APD PD


FOTORIVELATORI A VUOTO DI FOTORIVELATORI A VUOTO DI GRANDI DIMENSIONI PER LA GRANDI DIMENSIONI PER LA

FISICA DEI FISICA DEI ν ν 1/21/2

432 mm

(17”)

380 mm

PAHV

optical gel(refr. index matching + insulation)

benthos sphere(432 / 404)

electrical feed-throughs

valve

standard base plate of HPD 10”(prel. version).

C2GT C2GT PhotodetectorPhotodetector

15joint Si

sensorceramic support

grandegrandeaccettanzaaccettanzaangolareangolare (~ (~ 120 120 gradigradi),),

buonabuonarisoluzionerisoluzionetemporaletemporale(~ 2 (~ 2 nsecnsec))

(C. (C. JoramJoram) )


FOTORIVELATORI A VUOTO DI FOTORIVELATORI A VUOTO DI GRANDI DIMENSIONI PER LA FISICA GRANDI DIMENSIONI PER LA FISICA

DEI DEI ν ν 2/22/2

QUASARQUASAR--370370

NT-200

Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev

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