s. dickinson biology hhs. ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
S. DickinsonBiology HHS
![Page 2: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings
![Page 3: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The living world is a household Biosphere is the part of the earth in
which all life exists Interactions produce
interdependence Interdependence contributes to
change
![Page 4: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Species/Individual – can breed and produce fertile offspring (already have)
Population – groups of same species in same area
Community – different populations that live in an area
Ecosystem – collection of organisms and their environment
Biome – group of ecosystems with same climate
Biosphere – earth
![Page 5: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Can a group of rabbits and a group of field mice make up the same population in an ecosystem? Why/Why not?
No, because individuals that make up a __________ must be of the same ________.
![Page 6: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Could a biome in Brazil near the equator be the same as a biome in northern Canada? Explain.
No, because those two biomes would have different climates and different dominant communities
![Page 7: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Observing Experimenting Modeling
Since ecological phenomena occur over long periods of time or on large spatial scale, need modeling because difficult to study
![Page 8: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Matter and energy flow through living and nonliving systems
How do organisms at each trophic level get the nutrients and energy they need to function?
![Page 9: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
One of the most important factors that determines the system’s capacity to sustain life
![Page 10: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sunlight is the main energy source for life on earth
Some organisms rely on the energy stored in inorganic chemical compounds Mineral water
![Page 11: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cannot harness energy directly from the physical environment
Need to eat other organisms for energy
![Page 12: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Energy flows from sun to heterotrophs through autotrophs
Food chains show one way flow of energy How energy stored by producers can be
passed through an ecosystem Food webs show all feeding
relationships in an ecosystem Producers make up the first trophic level Each consumer relies on the trophic level
below it.
![Page 13: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
How is a food web different from a food chain?
A food web contains many overlapping food chains, so it is much more complex than a single food chain
![Page 14: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
In energy pyramids, only about 10% of the energy available within one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level
The other 90% is lost as heat
![Page 15: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
At the lab tables you have scenarios.
It is your group’s job to sort these scenarios according to their appropriate symbiotic relationship.
When you think you have it, call me over to check you.
GOOD LUCK!
![Page 16: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Matter is recycled within and between ecosystems
Matter is not used up, but transformed
![Page 17: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Matter is recycled within and between ecosystems
Energy flows one way Biological systems transform matter Biogeochemical cycles connect biological,
geological, and chemical aspects of the biosphere
![Page 18: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Pass the same molecules around again and again within the biosphere
How elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed
![Page 19: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
How can a molecule that’s swallowed by a dung beetle “combine into” – or become part of – the body tissue of a tree shrew and then an owl?
![Page 20: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The tree shrew takes in the molecule when it eats the dung beetle, then an owl takes in the molecule when it eats the tree shrew.
![Page 21: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Water moves between the ocean, atmosphere, and land through transpiration, evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, seepage, and root uptake
Figure 3-11
![Page 22: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What are two ways that water can enter the atmosphere?
Evaporation and transpiration
![Page 23: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
What process moves water from the air to the ground?
Precipitation
![Page 24: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What are two routes by which water might make its way to the ocean?
Runoff and Seepage
![Page 25: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Every living organism needs nutrients to build tissues and carry out essential life functions
Like water, nutrients are passed between organisms and the environment
![Page 26: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Carbon is key ingredient of living tissue
Carbon can take on many forms in many compounds; ex. Calcium carbonate
Also a component of carbon dioxide
![Page 27: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
1. Biological processes, ex. Photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, take up and release carbon and oxygen
2. Geochemical processes, ex. Erosion and volcanic activity, release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and oceans
![Page 28: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
3. Mixed biogeochemical processes, ex. Burial and decomposition of dead organisms and their conversion under pressure into coal and petroleum, store carbon underground
4. Human activities, ex. Mining, cutting and burning forests, and burning fossil fuels, release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
![Page 29: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Be able to “translate” diagrams pictures, labels, and arrows into complete sentences
![Page 30: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Nitrogen is required to make amino acids
Used to build proteins Nitrogen in many forms occurs naturally
in the biosphere Nitrogen gas – 78% of earth’s atmosphere Ammonia – nitrogen containing substance Nitrate and nitrite ions – in wastes produced
by many organisms and in dead and decaying organic matter
![Page 31: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia
Live in soil and on the roots of plants called legumes
![Page 32: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Convert ammonia into nitrates and nitrites used by plants to make proteins
Then eaten by consumers and so on
Bacteria in general Some cause disease Some live inside and help with digestion Some decompose Some are producers
![Page 33: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Decomposers return nitrogen to soil as ammonia
Some bacteria take ammonia and use it to convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
![Page 34: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Be able to “translate” diagrams pictures, labels, and arrows into complete sentences
![Page 35: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
What types of information are given on the nutrition label?
Serving size, total number of servings in container, specific nutrients, amount of the nutrient in one serving, percentage of daily value each amount represents
What do you think a “daily value” is? How much of a nutrient a person should take
in each day What does percentage of daily value mean? How much daily value is in one serving of the
vitamin
![Page 36: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Skittles
![Page 37: S. Dickinson Biology HHS. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment/surroundings](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649ca35503460f94962a94/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)