s eismic wave p ropagation and i maging in c omplex media: a e uropean network

www.spice-rtn.org3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006

Seismic wave Propagation and

Imaging in Complex media: a

European network Welcome to

Kinsale!Welcome to

Kinsale!

Big thanks to:Aoife, Erika, Chris,...Big thanks to:Aoife, Erika, Chris,...


Seismic wave Propagation and Imaging in Complex media: a

European network

- SPICE: the project

- Task Groups and Highlights

- The Theme: Wavefield Inversion

- Outlook

- SPICE: the project

- Task Groups and Highlights

- The Theme: Wavefield Inversion

- Outlook

The SPICE Team


SPICE - the facts

• 2004 –2007, 6th Framework Program, Marie Curie Research Training Network

• 14 Partner institutions in 10 countries

• 14 PhD (3-yrs) and 14 postdoc (2-yrs) positions

• Annual research and training workshops• 2004 Numerical Methods, Venice• 2005 Large scale applications, Smolenice• 2006 Inverse Problems, Kinsale• 2007 Multidisciplinary Projects, Cargese

• 5 task groups

• Budget 5.5 Million Euro

• 2004 –2007, 6th Framework Program, Marie Curie Research Training Network

• 14 Partner institutions in 10 countries

• 14 PhD (3-yrs) and 14 postdoc (2-yrs) positions

• Annual research and training workshops• 2004 Numerical Methods, Venice• 2005 Large scale applications, Smolenice• 2006 Inverse Problems, Kinsale• 2007 Multidisciplinary Projects, Cargese

• 5 task groups

• Budget 5.5 Million Euro


Task Groups TG

• TG Small ScaleReservoir seismics, ocean bottom wave propagation, volcano seismology

• TG Local ScaleDynamic rupture, kinematic source inversion, shaking hazard

• TG Continental and Planetary ScaleGlobal wave propagation, tomography, imaging benchmarks

• TG Numerical MethodsNovel simulation tools, code verification

• TG Digital LibraryCode library, Training material

• TG Small ScaleReservoir seismics, ocean bottom wave propagation, volcano seismology

• TG Local ScaleDynamic rupture, kinematic source inversion, shaking hazard

• TG Continental and Planetary ScaleGlobal wave propagation, tomography, imaging benchmarks

• TG Numerical MethodsNovel simulation tools, code verification

• TG Digital LibraryCode library, Training material


TG Small ScaleScope

VOLCANOES

Wave propagation in volcanic aerasModeling of volcano seismic sources Improvement of eruption diagnostic

tools

MUSHY SEAFLOOR

Modeling of wave propagation in sea-floor mushy layers

Improving interpretation of seismic observations in marine

environments


TG Small Scale

Partners: Hamburg, Naples, Zurich, Trieste,

Dublin

Scientific Progress: Development of

inversion method for LP events (PS method with

topography)

Inversion of mushy layer seismograms


TG Local Scale Scope

Dynamic Rupture

Non-planar faultsGeneration of high frequenciesInversion for source parameters

Strong Ground MotionEarthquake scenarios

Visco-plastic rheology

Soil-structure interactionsHighly complex structures


TG Local ScaleRupture on non-planar faults -

Plasticity

Partners: Paris, Munich, Bologna, Bratislava, Zurich,

Naples, Prague

Scientific Progress: Kinematic source

inversion: blind testKinked faults

Viscoplastic behavior on faults


TG Local Scale

Earthquake scenarios – nonlinear rheologies

Partners: Paris, Munich, Bratislava, Prague, Trieste + Milano and Trento

Scientific Progress: Viscoplastic rheologies

Verification and applications

Domain reduction method

Combined modeling of wave propagation and structural vibrations Grenoble benchmark

-800 0

D epth (m )

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

(m)

0.1 1 10Frequency (Hz)


TG Planetary Scale Scope

Global wave propagation

Forward modeling of global wave propagation

Reliability of global imagingImaging benchmarkNew Mantle Model

European Reference Model

Organization of workshopsData base selectionFull wave imaging


TG Planetary Scale

Global waves propagation Imaging Benchmark

Partners: Paris, Bologna, Oxford, Oslo, Munich, Utrecht, Zurich

+ CalTech, Tokyo,

Scientific Progress: Synthetic dataset for

inversion Tmin=32 s, 29 events


TG Numerical MethodsScope

Novel approachesTetrahedral meshes

Discontinuous Galerkin MethodMultidomain Chebyshev

Particle methods

Non-standard Rheologies Viscoplasticity

Benchmarks Wave propagationDynamic rupture

Kinematic rupture


TG Numerical Methods

Novel approaches to wave elastic propagation

Partners: Paris, Munich, Trieste,

Bratislava, Zurich, Trento, Tokyo, Potsdam

Scientific Progress: viscoelastic ADER – DG and SEM on triangular

gridsmuiltidomain

Chebyshev in spherical geometry

Hybrid FE-FD


TG Digital Library - Scope

WWW PortalTraining material

Code libraryInteractive verification

Mailing listsNewsletters

Intranet

Simulation dataFormats

Visualization Benchmarks


TG Digital Library

The Code Library and

Benchmarks

Recent Progress: Analytical solutions (e.g., bimaterial interface) www-interface for interactive

waveform benchmarking

Click here ...


Connection to other Projects

CIG (US, www.geodynamics.org)Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics (CIG) is a membership-governed organization that supports and promotes Earth science by developing and maintaining software for computational geophysics and related fields.

NERIES (FP6 - Infrastructure)Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology: The intention of this project is to co-ordinate and improve European data exchange initiatives

European GRID/HPC initiativesIdentifying standard seismological applications that can be run on supercomputer/GRID infrastructure-> Involvement in preparation of FP7 (supercomputing)

CIG (US, www.geodynamics.org)Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics (CIG) is a membership-governed organization that supports and promotes Earth science by developing and maintaining software for computational geophysics and related fields.

NERIES (FP6 - Infrastructure)Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology: The intention of this project is to co-ordinate and improve European data exchange initiatives

European GRID/HPC initiativesIdentifying standard seismological applications that can be run on supercomputer/GRID infrastructure-> Involvement in preparation of FP7 (supercomputing)


Dissemination

SPICE Publications – via www pages

1st SPICE Book (Moczo et al.)-> Finite Differences

2nd SPICE Book (Brokesova)-> Ray Theory (now available)

SPICE Publications – via www pages

1st SPICE Book (Moczo et al.)-> Finite Differences

2nd SPICE Book (Brokesova)-> Ray Theory (now available)


The Theme: Seismic Inversion

... attempting a definition ...

Seismic Inversion is the process of extracting information on a physical system by fitting theoretical predictions of seismic observables to observations.

Seismic Inversion is the process of extracting information on a physical system by fitting theoretical predictions of seismic observables to observations.


Seismic Inverse Problems

• Hypocenter location and origin time of earthquakes• 1-3D velocity models from travel times• Reflectivity from amplitudes (waveforms)• Source mechanism from P (S) polarities• Moment tensors from polarizations and amplitudes• 1-3D velocity models from surface wave phase

velocities• Slip histories from waveforms• 1-3D structure from waveform X-correlations

(microseismicity)• 1D structure from ambient noise measurements• (Dynamic) Fault models from seismicity• Dynamic rupture properties from waveforms• 1-3D structure from eigenmodes• Scattering properties from codas (envelopes)• Q from amplitudes (waveforms)• Particle motion or travel times for anisotropy• 1-3D structure and source from waveforms• and, and, and ...

• Hypocenter location and origin time of earthquakes• 1-3D velocity models from travel times• Reflectivity from amplitudes (waveforms)• Source mechanism from P (S) polarities• Moment tensors from polarizations and amplitudes• 1-3D velocity models from surface wave phase

velocities• Slip histories from waveforms• 1-3D structure from waveform X-correlations

(microseismicity)• 1D structure from ambient noise measurements• (Dynamic) Fault models from seismicity• Dynamic rupture properties from waveforms• 1-3D structure from eigenmodes• Scattering properties from codas (envelopes)• Q from amplitudes (waveforms)• Particle motion or travel times for anisotropy• 1-3D structure and source from waveforms• and, and, and ...


Milestones ...

• Woodhouse, J.H. and A.M. Dziewonski, Mapping the upper mantle: three dimensional modelling of Earth structure by inversion of seismic waveforms, J. Geophys. Res., 89: 5953-5986, 1984.

• Montagner, J.-P., Seismic anisotropy of the Pacific Ocean inferred from long-period surface waves dispersion, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol.38, no.1, pp.28-50, 1985.

• Tarantola, A., Theoretical background for the inversion of seismic waveforms, including elasticity and attenuation Pure and Applied Geophysics, vol.128, no.1-2, pp.365-399, 1988

• Peyrat, S., K.B. Olsen, and R. Madariaga (2004). Which

Dynamic Rupture Parameters Can Be Estimated from Strong Ground Motion and Geodetic Data? PAGEOPH 161, 2155-2169 .

• Tromp, J., C. Tape, and Q. Liu , Seismic Tomography, Adjoint Methods, Time Reversal, and Banana-Donut Kernels,, Geophysical Journal International, volume 160, Issue 1, P195-216 (2005)

• Woodhouse, J.H. and A.M. Dziewonski, Mapping the upper mantle: three dimensional modelling of Earth structure by inversion of seismic waveforms, J. Geophys. Res., 89: 5953-5986, 1984.

• Montagner, J.-P., Seismic anisotropy of the Pacific Ocean inferred from long-period surface waves dispersion, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol.38, no.1, pp.28-50, 1985.

• Tarantola, A., Theoretical background for the inversion of seismic waveforms, including elasticity and attenuation Pure and Applied Geophysics, vol.128, no.1-2, pp.365-399, 1988

• Peyrat, S., K.B. Olsen, and R. Madariaga (2004). Which

Dynamic Rupture Parameters Can Be Estimated from Strong Ground Motion and Geodetic Data? PAGEOPH 161, 2155-2169 .

• Tromp, J., C. Tape, and Q. Liu , Seismic Tomography, Adjoint Methods, Time Reversal, and Banana-Donut Kernels,, Geophysical Journal International, volume 160, Issue 1, P195-216 (2005)

.


Milestones ... cont‘d

• Sambridge M and G. Drijkoningen. Genetic algorithms in seismic waveform inversion. Geophysical Journal Inernational, 109:323--342, 1992

• Geller R.J. and T. Hara: "Two efficient algorithms for iterative linearized inversion of seismic waveform data," Geophys. J. Int., 115 (1993) 699-710.

• Shapiro, N.M, M. Campillo, L. Stehly, and M.H. Ritzwoller, High-Resolution surface wave tomography from ambient seismic noise, Science, 307, 1615-1618, 2005.

• Snieder, R., The theory of coda wave interferometry, Pure and Appl. Geophysics, 163,455-473, 2006

... and studies by Boschi, Beucler, Deuss, and many others ...

• Sambridge M and G. Drijkoningen. Genetic algorithms in seismic waveform inversion. Geophysical Journal Inernational, 109:323--342, 1992

• Geller R.J. and T. Hara: "Two efficient algorithms for iterative linearized inversion of seismic waveform data," Geophys. J. Int., 115 (1993) 699-710.

• Shapiro, N.M, M. Campillo, L. Stehly, and M.H. Ritzwoller, High-Resolution surface wave tomography from ambient seismic noise, Science, 307, 1615-1618, 2005.

• Snieder, R., The theory of coda wave interferometry, Pure and Appl. Geophysics, 163,455-473, 2006

... and studies by Boschi, Beucler, Deuss, and many others ...

.


Scientific programme

Sunday – Monday

Oral presentations of all SPICE researchers

Monday – Tuesday

Course on Inverse Problems

Wednesday – Thursday

Invited Talks, SPICE scientists, and others, oral presentations and poster session

Sunday – Monday

Oral presentations of all SPICE researchers

Monday – Tuesday

Course on Inverse Problems

Wednesday – Thursday

Invited Talks, SPICE scientists, and others, oral presentations and poster session

.


Fringe programme

Tuesday

11am SPICE administrative meeting

All week

TG Meetings

Tuesday

11am SPICE administrative meeting

All week

TG Meetings

.


Outlook

• Improving the SPICE Digital Library in quality and quantity

• Cooperation with CIG, NERIES• 4th SPICE workshop in Cargese, Corsica, May

2007 • EOS Publication on SPICE code library • Special Issue on SPICE Research (e.g., PAGEOPH,

PEPI, Journal of Seismology)• Coordination of SPICE Follow-up Project(s)

• Improving the SPICE Digital Library in quality and quantity

• Cooperation with CIG, NERIES• 4th SPICE workshop in Cargese, Corsica, May

2007 • EOS Publication on SPICE code library • Special Issue on SPICE Research (e.g., PAGEOPH,

PEPI, Journal of Seismology)• Coordination of SPICE Follow-up Project(s)

ENJOY THE WORKSHOP! ENJOY THE WORKSHOP!


Observations ...

... contain systematic and random errors ...

... need to be corrected for instrument response ...

... may have limited coverage of the target area ...

Back ...

... contain systematic and random errors ...

... need to be corrected for instrument response ...

... may have limited coverage of the target area ...

Back ...


Seismic Observables ...

... absolute travel times ...

... differential traveltimes ...

... polarities ...

... polarizations and particle motions ...

... surface wave phase and group velocities ...

... amplitudes ...

... frequencies (spectra) ...

... envelopes (coda) ...

... static displacements ...

... rotations ...

... waveforms ...

... noise ...

... and, and, and ...

Back ...

... absolute travel times ...

... differential traveltimes ...

... polarities ...

... polarizations and particle motions ...

... surface wave phase and group velocities ...

... amplitudes ...

... frequencies (spectra) ...

... envelopes (coda) ...

... static displacements ...

... rotations ...

... waveforms ...

... noise ...

... and, and, and ...

Back ...


Theoretical predictions ...

... ray theory ...

... 1 (or 2)-D approximations (e.g., reflectivity, normal modes)

... simplified rheologies (acoustic, isotropic elastic, viscoelastic, anisotropic ...)

... scattering approximations (Born, etc. )

... complete (numerical) solutions in 2D or 3D with limitations in frequency range ...

Back ...

... ray theory ...

... 1 (or 2)-D approximations (e.g., reflectivity, normal modes)

... simplified rheologies (acoustic, isotropic elastic, viscoelastic, anisotropic ...)

... scattering approximations (Born, etc. )

... complete (numerical) solutions in 2D or 3D with limitations in frequency range ...

Back ...


Physical system ...SOURCE

... point source ...

... finite source ...

... kinematic vs. dynamic description ...

... plane vs. irregular ...

STRUCTURE

... Cartesian, spherical, arbitrary

... Topography ...

... Rheologies (acoustic, isotropic elastic, viscoelastic, anisotropic ...) ... Parameterization (cells, coefficients)

RECEIVER... Transfer function

Back ...

SOURCE

... point source ...

... finite source ...

... kinematic vs. dynamic description ...

... plane vs. irregular ...

STRUCTURE

... Cartesian, spherical, arbitrary

... Topography ...

... Rheologies (acoustic, isotropic elastic, viscoelastic, anisotropic ...) ... Parameterization (cells, coefficients)

RECEIVER... Transfer function

Back ...


Information ...

What is the result of the „inversion“

... a final model ?

... resolution, uncertainties ...

... a probability density on the model and data space!

Back ...

What is the result of the „inversion“

... a final model ?

... resolution, uncertainties ...

... a probability density on the model and data space!

Back ...


Process ...

... Trial and error ...

... automatic search schemes ...

... global or local search methods

... Monte Carlo Methods (Simulated annealing, Genetic algorithms, etc.)... gradient methods (-> adjoints)

... How many forward models do you need to calculate?

Back ...

... Trial and error ...

... automatic search schemes ...

... global or local search methods

... Monte Carlo Methods (Simulated annealing, Genetic algorithms, etc.)... gradient methods (-> adjoints)

... How many forward models do you need to calculate?

Back ...

s eismic wave p ropagation and i maging in c omplex media: a e uropean network

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