s kanjanac huchaipioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~ksongpho/584/9.pdf · title: the making of the...

S Kanjanachuchai2102--584 Intro to Nanoeelectronics

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S Kanjanachuchai9. Quantum Computation

• Making Quantum Systems• Quantum Computing:

– Mirage– Molecular Cascade– QCA

2102--584 Intro to Nanoeelectronics

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S Kanjanachuchai

Ti l Th B i iTitle : The Beginning Media : Xenon on Nickel (110)

2102-

D M Ei l E K S h i

-584 Intro to Nanoe

D.M. Eigler, E.K. Schweizer. Positioning single atoms with a scanning tunneling microscope.

Nature 344, 524-526 (1990).

electronics

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S KanjanacTitle : The Making of the Circular Corral huchaiMedia : Iron on Copper (111)

rals

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-584 Intro to Nanoe

MC

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electronics

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S KanjanacTitle : Corral Collage huchai

Title : Corral Collage Media : Iron on Copper (111)

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aves

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2102-

M ro

unds

uPh

ysic

s

-584 Intro to Nanoe

STM

electronics

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S KanjanacMedia : Fe on Cu (111)

Quantum Corral huchai

Surface electrons forced into "quantum" states of circular structure. The ripples in the ring of atoms are the density distribution of a particular set of quantum states of thedistribution of a particular set of quantum states of the corral.

Electrons don't bounce around in the corral before they escape beyond the border. The corrals are leaky.p y y

2102--584 Intro to Nanoe

St di C l

electronics

8M.F. Crommie, C.P. Lutz, D.M. Eigler., Confinement of electrons to quantum corrals on a metal surface. , Science 262, 218-220 (1993).

Rectangular CorralStadium Corral

M.F. Crommie, C.P. Lutz, D.M. Eigler, E.J. Heller, Waves on a metal surface and quantum corrals, Surface Review and Letters 2 (1), 127 (1995).



– Mirage– Molecular Cascade– QCA


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S KanjanacQuantum-Mirage Information Transport MIRAGE

huchai

Truth Table

In Out

1 1

In Out

0 0Table

Topograph

10 nm


Mirage

electronics

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S KanjanacMulti Channel Quantum-Mirage Information Transport

huchai

Truth TableTruth TableInIn OutOut

LL RR 11 11

InIn OutOut

LL RR 00 00

InIn OutOut

LL RR 11 11

InIn OutOut

LL RR 00 00Truth TableTruth Table LL--RR

UU--DD

11

11

11

11

LL--RR

UU--DD

00

00

00

00

LL--RR

UU--DD

11

00

11

00

LL--RR

UU--DD

00

11

00

11

TopographTopograph

2102-

MirageMirage

-584 Intro to Nanoe(a) (b) (c) (d) electronics

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– Mirage– Molecular Cascade, Chevron– QCA


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14http://domino.research.ibm.com/comm/pr.nsf/pages/rsc.cascade.html


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S Kanjanachuchai

Input AO tp t COutput C

2102-Input BC = A and B

-584 Intro to Nanoe

Input B

electronics

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S KanjanacLogic AND gate

huchai

Final configuration. All CO molecules have hopped to their final locations.

...after Input X was triggered and the resulting cascade propagated to the central molecule. The remaining cascade is now a 'simple' linked chevron cascade. Green

Initial configuration. A single CO in the center becomes part of a chevron when both arms X and Y have propagated to the center. Blue circles represent CO's that are going to

circles represent CO's that have hopped to their final location.

hop during the operation of the logic gate. Red circles are not going to change their location during the operation of the gate.


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S KanjanacTwo-Input Sorter huchaip


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S KanjanacMolecule Cascade Logic Circuit

huchai

3-input sorter cascade

2102-

Circuit Components: 3 "And" gates -584 Intro to Nanoe

3 "Or" gates6 "Fan-Outs"3 "Cross-Overs"+ Wiring electronics

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Circuit Dimensions: 12 nm x 17 nm541 molecules

g

S KanjanacEquivalent state-of-the-art semiconductor circuit (CMOS 9s)huchai

Inputs Outputs

O2 = (A * B) + (B * C) + (C * A)

O3 = A + B + CB

O1 = A * B * C

C

A


Circuit Dimensions: 7.65 um x 6.97 um Equivalent Molecular Cascade Logic Circuit

100 000 Less Po er260,000 Greater Density

electronics

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100,000 Less Power

1,000,000,000,000 Slower !



– Mirage– Molecular Cascade– QCA: Quantum (dot) Cellular Automata

2102-

Cellular Automaton: Game of Life

If a black cell has 2 or 3 black neighbors, it stays black. If a black cell has -584 Intro to Nanoe

g , yless than 2 or more than 3 black neighbors it becomes white. If a white cell has 3 black neighbors, it becomes black. Despite its simplicity, the system achieves an impressive diversity of behavior, fluctuating between apparent randomness and order. One of the most apparent features of the Game of Life is the frequent occurrence of gliders arrangements of cells that electronics

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Life is the frequent occurrence of gliders, arrangements of cells that essentially move themselves across the grid. It is possible to arrange the automaton so that the gliders interact to perform computations.

S KanjanacQCA

huchai

Quantum dot

2102-Cellula -584 Intro to Nanoe

CellulaAutomata

electronics

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S KanjanacEncoding Binary Information Using the Polarization of a Cell huchai

Pre requisite:Pre-requisite:2 excess electronsin each cell

Interaction between a Pair of QCA Cells


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S KanjanacVariations of QCA cell design

huchai

4-dot cell 2-dot cell 5-dot cell 6-dot cell4-dot cell 2-dot cell 5-dot cell 6-dot cell

Middle dot acts as variable barrier to

Indicates path for tunneling

tunneling.

Rotated QCA cell

2102-

Q

-584 Intro to Nanoeelectronics

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http://www.virlab.virginia.edu/VL/QCA_cells.htm

S KanjanacLogic Devices Implemented Using QCA huchaig p g Q

Wire: Standard Cell

Wire: Rotated Cell

2102-

Wire: Corner

-584 Intro to Nanoeelectronics

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S KanjanacWire: Crossinghuchai


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S KanjanacQCA Inverter huchai

QCA Inverter

Fan Out [1,2] or [1,3]


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S KanjanacMajority Gate

huchai

AND & OR gates

With one input fixed, e.g. C, the majority gate functions as either an AND gate (C=0) or an OR gate (C=1)


C=0

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S KanjanacFull Adderhuchai


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S KanjanacInput and Output in a QCA Array

huchai2102--584 Intro to Nanoeelectronics

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S KanjanacMetal-dot QCA implementation huchaiQ p

Al/AlO on

Metal tunnel junctions

Al/AlO2 on SiO2

2102--584 Intro to Nanoe70 mK

electrometers

1 µm

electronics

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“dot” = metal island70 mK

S KanjanacTunnel junctions by shadow evaporation huchaij y p


First aluminum depositionOxidation of aluminumSecond aluminum depositionThin Al/AlOx/Al tunnel junction

electronics

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S Kanjanachuchai2102--584 Intro to NanoeMo {O CCCo (CO) }Ru (NH ) (C H N ) 0+ electronics

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Mo2{O2CCCo3(CO)9}4Ru4(NH3)16(C4H4N2)410

S KanjanacMolecular QCAhuchai

Charge configuration represents bit

“1”1HOMO

2102-

isopotential f

“0”

-584 Intro to Nanoe

surface

electronics

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Gaussian 98 UHF/STO-3G

S KanjanacCore-cluster molecules huchaiCo e c uste o ecu es

Five-dot cellFive dot cell

2102-

Variants with “feet” for surface binding -584 Intro to Nanoe

and orientation

electronics

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S Kanjanachuchai2102--584 Intro to NanoeS. Suraprapapich et al electronics

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Best Poster Award

S Kanjanachuchai

Self-Assembled Lateral InAs Quantum

2102-

QDot Molecules: Dot Ensemble Control and Polarization-Dependent Photoluminescence

-584 Intro to Nanoe

S. Suraprapapich, S. Kanjanachuchai, S. Thainoi and S. Panyakeow

electronics

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S KanjanachuchaiConclusion

• Quantum: STM-based fabrication• Computation: (system mechanism)

– mirage surface electron– chevron trimer decays– QCA Coulomb repulsion


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s kanjanac huchaipioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~ksongpho/584/9.pdf · title: the making of the...

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