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MS OFFICE FUNDAMENTAL

INTERNET

Bi-lingual English- Hindi Computer introduction essentials, Data representartion & Computer Organization, Operating system, Microsoft Office suite applications (Word, Excel, and PowerPoint), Use of Internet, Databasemanagement system using Microsoft Access

Useful for Office and General use

TBALAJI PUBLICATION

Triloki Complex, Infront of A.N. Jha Hostel, Allahabad- 211002

Uttar Pradesh

Table of contents

Section I - Microsoft Office

Chapter 1 Microsoft Word 2007/2010 …………………………………………………… 1

Opening Word Processing Package ……………………………………………………………………... 1

Creating Document……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8

Save & Save As …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9

Text Selection ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10

Undo and Redo ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11

Paste Special …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12

Find and Replace ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13

Page Setup ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14

Print Preview …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15

Print …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16

Kerning …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17

Alignment of Text ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 18

Bullets & Number………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19

Change Case………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20

Page Border……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 20

Hyperlink…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21

Header & Footer…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21

Page/Background Color………………………………………………………………………………………. 26

Paragraph Column…………………………………………………………………………………………….... 27

Section Break……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27

Tab Setting ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29

Word count………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 30

Auto Correct Options…………………………………………………………………………………………... 31

Clip Art………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 34

Drop Cap……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 36

Object ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 36

Table…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 37

Charts………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41

Mail Merge ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 45

Shortcut keys used in MS Word………………………………………………………………………….... 47

Chapter 2- Microsoft Excel 2007/2010 ……………………………………………………… 49

Creating a Workbook …………………………………………………………………………………………. 54

Parts of Ms-Excel Spreadsheet ……………………………………………………………………………. 55

Functions ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 56

Operator …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 60

AUTO SUM…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 63

Custom list ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 64

Data Operations…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 65

Formatting Cells ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 68

Insert Cell …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 70

Charts ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 71

Goal Seek …………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 72

File Protection …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 72

Shortcut keys used in MS Excel ………………………………………………………………………... 73

Chapter 3 - Microsoft Power Point 2007/2010 ……………………………………………. 74

Creation of Presentation ……………………………………………………………………………………. 76

Saving a Presentation ………………………………………………………………………………………… 77

Insert an Excel Worksheet …………………………………………………………………………………. 78

Insert Smart Art ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 79

Placeholders ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 80

Presentation of Slides ………………………………………………………………………………………… 84

Keys board shortcut keys used in MS Excel …………………………………………………………. 87

Chapter 4 Microsoft Office 2013 ………………………………………………………………………… 89

Introduction, MS word, MS Excel MS Power Point……………………………………………….... 90

Chapter 5 Introduction to Computer ………………………………………………………………… 100

Generation of Computer …………………………………………………………………………………….. 100

Classification of computer ………………………………………………………………………………….. 101

Computer System ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 103

Input Device ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 110

Output Device ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 112

Memory Unit ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 115

Hardware ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 120

Software …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 120

Chapter 6 Operating System ………………………………………………………………………….. 123

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 123

Microsoft Windows ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 123

Disk Defragmenter …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 124

Entertainment …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 125

Notepad …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 126

Paint …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 127

Wordpad …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 128

Installing …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 129

Uninstalling …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 129

User Accounts ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 129

Chapter 7 Use of Internet …………………………………………………………………………………… 132

Internet ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 132

Proxy Servers ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 134

World Wide Web ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 135

Websites ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 136

Protocols ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 138

Email …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 142

Search Engine ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 146

IRCTC Railway ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 150

Twitter ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 152

Facebook ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 152

Whatsapp …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 153

Internet Banking ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 154

E-Payment …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 155

Online Examination ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 156

Chapter 8 Computer Skill Test For SSC Bank and Other Examination ……………... 158

Computer Proficiency Test ……………………………………………………………………………………. 159

MS Woed (CPT) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 159

Skill Test for Staff Selection Commission ……………………………………………………………….. 160

SSC Tax Assistant …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 161

SSC Stenographer …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 161

CPT/Skill Test Paper 1 to 5 ………………………………………………………………………………….... 161

MS Excel (CPT) …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 162

MS Power Point (CPT) ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 163

Letter Writing Foramatting …………………………………………………………………………………... 171

How to write Good and Effective Letter …………………………………………………………………. 171

How to prepare effective resume ………………………………………………………………………….. 172

Facing Interview …………………………………………………………………………………………………... 173

Online Interview ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 175

Telephonic Interview …………………………………………………………………………………………… 175

Chapter 9 Typing for Beginners ………………………………………………………………………. 177

Computer Typing (English) …………………………………………………………………………………... 177

Exercise 1 to 10 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 185

Computer Typing (Hindi) ………… ……………………………………………………………………….…. 186

Exercise 1 to 10 ……………………………………………………………………………………………..….….. 192

…

v

Microsoft Office (2007, 2010, 2013)

Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel Microsoft Power Point

1

Word Processing ekbØksl¶V vfQl ,Iyhds'ku l¶Vos;j dk iSdst ;k lwV gksrk gS tks ,d ;wtj ds dk;Z lEcU/kh ,Iyhds'ku l¶Vos;j

ij dk;Z djus dh lqfo/kk nsrk gSA blds çeq[k ,Iyhds'ku l¶Vos;j dqN bl çdkj gSa tSls ekbØksl¶V oMZ] ,Dlsy]

iojibaV] ,Dlsl] ifCy'kj] ouuksV rFkk vU; dbZ vkSjA ;gk¡ ge blds dqN çeq[k vkSj csfld ,Iyhds'ku l¶Vos;j ds

ckjs esa ppkZ djsaxsA

Microsoft Office Word

Word Processing is application software which is used to manipulate the text or words like letter drafting, paragraph composing and so on. Here we will discuss about Microsoft Word, Word processing software. Microsoft word is application software of Microsoft Office suite which has a large number of earlier and latest versions. Here we will discuss about only Microsoft Word 2007 & 2010 versions.

oMZ izkslaflx ,d rjg dk ,fIyds'ku lk¶Vos;j gS tks VsDlV iSjkxzkQ dks rS;kj djus vkSj ml ij ekMhfQds'ku djus esa

bLrseky gksrk gSaA ;gk¡ ge ekbØkslk¶V oMZ tks fd ekbØkslk¶V vkfQl lwV dk ,fIyds'ku gsS ds ckjs esa ftØ djsxsaa A

;gk¡ ge ekbØkslk¶V oMZ ds 2007 ,oa 2010 ds otZu ds ckjs esa ppkZ djsaxsA

Microsoft Word 2007/2010

Microsoft Word 2007 helps you produce professional-looking documents by providing a comprehensive set of tools for creating and formatting your document in a new interface. Rich review, commenting, and comparison capabilities help you quickly gather and manage feedback from colleagues. Advanced data integration ensures that documents stay connected to important sources of business information.

Office, Fundamental, Internet and Computer Skill Test T Balaji 2

Micosoft Word 2010 makes easy to collaborate and navigate with long Documents. For more imapct, new features focus on the polish of your finished document with this version of Microsoft Word.You can access the richness and familiarity of word in your browser.Microsoft Word 2010 pairs its functional features - such as Tables, headers and footers and style sets with eye-catching effects, new text features and easier navigation. Unlike Microsoft Word 2003, Word 2007/2010 provies easy access and rich facility to flurish the document. The operational commands reside in the Tabs in Word 2007/2010 rather than drop down menus.

;fn vki oMZ 2003 dk iz;ksx dj pqds gSa rks vki ns[ksaxs fd oMZ 2007@2010 esa vksYM ehuw flLVe ds LFkku ij fjcu

rFkkvkfQl cVu ,oa QkbZy VSc dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA oMZ 2007 esa vkidks QkbZy ds LFkku ij vkfQl cVu ,oa

QkbZy VSc ds varxZr mDr dekaM~l iznf'kZr gksrs gSaA oMZ 2007/2010 esa fDod ,Dlsl Vwy ckj ftlds varxZr lso] vuMw ,oa fjMw cVu lcls mij dh rjQ iznf'kZr gksrs gSa ftudk iz;ksx vki vius MkWD;wesaV dks lso djus] fjMw ,oa vuMw djus

gsrq dj ldrs gSaA vki vius ,Dlsl Vwy ckj dks vius vuqlkj dkfUQxj dj ldrs gSaA ,Dlsl Vwy ckj ds nkfgus rjQ

Mkmu ,jks&dh ij fDyd dj ,Dlsl Vwy ckj esa vU; VwYl dks ftldk iz;ksx vkidks ckj&ckj djuk gks] tksM+ ldrs gSaA

vki uhps dh fp= esa ns[ksaxs fd fjcu ds varxZr lsV vkQ VwYl fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSa tks izR;sd ehuw ckj ds varxZr

vyx&vyx feysaxs vki budk iz;ksx vius MkWD;wesaV dh QkesZfVax bR;kfn dj ldrs gSaA

Opening Word Processing Package

To open Microsoft Word, either click on the Word icon (if it is located on your desktop) or click Start button at task bar the bottom left corner of the window operating system.

Start>>All Programs>>Microsoft office>> Microsoft Word 2007/2010

oMZ izkslsflax iSdstdks vksisu djus ds fy, vkidks LVkVZ cVu ij fDyd djsa rRi'pkr~ izksxzke ,oa ,e,l vkfQl

vkI'ku ij tkdj ds ,e,l oMZ ij fDyd djsaA vkidks ,d ubZ MkWD;wesaV foaMks LØhu ij feysxh ftl ij vki dk;Z dj

3

Microsoft Excel Excel is an office package used for calculation and analysis of data. MS Excel provides a rich library in formula for calculation and a list of commands for analysis of data. Excel file is known as a workbook; a Workbook is collection of three Worksheets by default. You can create new spreadsheet according to your requirement.

LizsM'khV ,d dEI;wVj izksxzke gksrk gS orZeku le; esa bl ,Iyhds'ku dk iz;ksx izk;% dkQh vf/kd fd;k tkrk gSA ;g

,Iyhds'ku vkidks ,d lkFk gtkjksa dSydqys'ku djus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA ,Dly Qkby dks vksisu djus ij ,d

odZcqd iznf'kZr gksxk ftlesa rhu odZ'khV ckbZ fMQkYV iznf'kZr gksrs gSA vki viuh vko';drk ds vuqlkj ubZ odZ'khV

dks vksisu dj mUgsa uke ns ldrs gSaA vkxs ge bysDVªkfud LizsM'khV dks vksisu dju]s lsy dks ,sMªsl djus] ,fDVo djus]

fizaV djus] lso djus ,oa QkewZyk bR;kfn ds fo’k; esa ppkZ djsaxsA

Element of Electronic Spreadsheet

There are number of elements in Microsoft Excel Application which facilitates a user a user friendly environment to fulfill the goal object, here are the elements Workbook, Worksheet, Row, Column, Cell, Functions and Formulas

ekbØkslk¶V ,Dlsy ds dbZ ,yhesaV gksrs gS tks LiszM'khV lEcfU/kr dk;Z dks iw.kZ djus esa lgk;rk iznku djrs gS tks

fuEuor~ gS A

Workbook: A Workbook is the collection of worksheets where the user works. A workbook can contain maximum 225 sheets to work in. Whenever a Workbook opens, it displayed three worksheets by default. Worksheet: AWorksheet is the place where the user works and performs arithmatical and functional calculations. By default it is named as Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3….etc. A sheet can be renamed too. Row: A Row is the horizontal block of the Worksheet or the Table which moves from left to right. A Row is named as the numbers 1, 2, 3...etc. There are 1,048,576 rows (2007) 65,536 rows (2003) come under Excel Application. Column: A Column is the vertically situated in the worksheet or the table which flows from top to bottom. It is named as A, B, C… etc in Excel Application. There are 16,384 Columns (2007) 256 Columns (2003) in Excel Worksheet.

odZcqd-;s vusd odZ'khV~l dk dysD'ku gSA tc vki ,Dly Qkby vksisu djrs gSa rks Ldzhu ij ,d odZcqd

iznf'kZr gksrh gSa ftlesa ckbZ fMQkYV rhu odZ'khV iznf'kZr

gksrs gSaA ,d odZcqd esa vf/kdre 225 odZ'khV [kskys tk

ldrs gSaA odZcqd esa usohxs'ku cVu ds ek/;e ls ,d

odZ'khV ls nwljs odZ'khV ij tk ldrs gSaA odZcqd

O;ofLFkr rjhds ls vkidks dk;Z djus esa lqfo/kk miyC/k

djkrk gSA

odZ'khV-;s jks vkSj dkWye dks feykdj curh gSA ;g ,d vkWxZukbts'ku ds QkbuSfU'k;y odZ'khV izkstsDV fFkfll

bR;kfn dh Iykfuax ds fy, iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA

jks-;s lsYl ls cuk gkWjhtkaaVy Cykd gksrk gS tks odZ'khV dh iwjh pkSM+kbZ esa ck, ls nk, dh vksj pyrk gSA jks esa]

odZ'khV ds ck,Wa fdukjs ij] Åij ls uhps dh vksj uEcj

Mkys tkrs gSaA ,sjks&dh ,oa ekml ds ek/;e ls vki ,d jks

ls nwljs jks esa vklkuh ls tk ldrs gSaA odZ'khV esa

vf/kdre 1]048]576 jkst ¼2007½ 65536 jkst ¼2003½ gksrs

gSaA

dkye-;s lsYk dk ,d ofVZdy CykWd gksrk gS tks iwjh odZ'khV esa pyrk gSA ,d dkye ls nwljs dkye esa tkus

gsrq ,sjk&dh ;k ekml dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ,d

odZ'khV esa 16]384 dkWye ¼2007½ 256 dkWye ¼2003½ gksrs

gSaA

4

Microsoft PowerPoint Power Point a best presentation programme of MS office and each page of presentation is called slide. It is used for creating animations. The objective of this chapter to understand the reader that how to create presentation using template, how to Open existing presentation slide, how to Run a Slide Show during presentation, how to create table, insert clip Art, Pictures etc.

ekbØkslkW¶V ikWojikWbaV esa] tSlkfd vf/kdka'k vU; izstsUVs'ku lkW¶Vos;j esa gksrk gS] VsDLV] xzkfQDl] ewoht vkSj vU;

vkWCtsDV~l dks vyx&vyx istsl ;k LykbM~l ij j[kh tkrh gSaA ,d izstsUVs'ku dh vksojvkWy fMtkbu dks ,d ekLVj

LykbM ls daVªksy fd;k tk ldrk gSA izstsUVs'ku dks dbZ izdkj ds Qkby QkWesZV~l esa lso vkSj ju fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Basics of Microsoft PowerPoint

There are few terms of Microsoft PowerPoint we will mention and discuss; here they are as follows…

Presentation Design Template Slides Slide Show Layout Placeholder View Sizing handles

Microsoft PowerPoint 2007/2010

Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 helps you produce professional-looking presentations, PowerPoint 2007 provides a comprehensive set of features that you can use to create and format your information. You can create and add designer-quality SmartArt graphics with only a few clicks of your mouse.

ekbØksl¶V iojibaV 2007 vkidks çksQs'kuy rjhds dk çstsaVs'ku cukus ds lqfo/kk eqgS;k djkrh gS A blds u, vklku

,oa le>kus ;ksX; Qhpj tks vkidks vius daVsaV dks fØ,V ,oa QesZV djus dh lqfo/kk nsrk gS A blds vfrfjä vki

LekVZ vkVZ tSls xzkfQDl Hkh ,d flaxy fDyd ij vius LykbM~l esa bUlVZ dj ldrs gSa A

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Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 is presentationsoftwarethat allows you to create dynamic slide presentations that may include animation, narration, images, videos, and more. In PowerPoint 2010 environment, there are some new features too including new Backstage view.The extension for PowerPoint 2007/2010 is .pptx.

ekbØksl¶V iojibaV 2010 ,d çstsaVs'ku l¶Vos;j gS tks Mk;ukfed çstsaVs'ku cukus dh lqfo/kk eqgS;k djkrh gS ftles

vki ,uhes'ku] ujslu] bestst] fofM;ks ,oa vkSj Hkh dbZ phtksa dks bUlVZ djkus dh lqfo/kk nsrk gS A blesa dqN u, Qhpj

tSls cSdLVst O;w Hkh 'kkfey gS A iojibaV 2007/2010dk ,DlVsa'ku .pptx gksrk gS A

Opening PowerPoint Presentation

To open Microsoft PowerPoint, either click on the PowerPoint icon (if it is located on your desktop)

or click Start button at task bar the bottom left corner of the windows operating system; or goto: Start>> All Programs>>Microsoft Office>> Microsoft PowerPoint 2007/2010

iojibaV çstsaVs'ku iSdstdks vksisu djus ds fy, vkidks LVkVZ cVu ij fDyd djuk gksxk rRi'pkr~ izksxzke ,oa ,e,l

vkfQl vkI'ku ij tkdj ds ,e,l iojibaVij fDyd djuk gksxkA vkidks ,d ubZ çstsaVs'kufoaMks LØhu ij feysxh

ftl ij vki dk;Z dj ldrs gSaA ml çstsaVs'kufoaMksa ij VkbZfVy ckj] bUl'kZu IokbaV] ehuw ckj] Vwy ckj] LVsV~l ckj]

#yj ckj bR;kfn iznf'kZr gksaxs tks vkidks dk;Z esa lgk;rk iznku djsaxsA

Opening a PowerPoint Presentation

To open MS PowerPoint, either click on the PowerPoint icon (if it is located on your desktop) or click

Start button at task bar the bottom left corner of the windows operating system; or goto:

Start>>All Programs>>Microsoft office>> Microsoft PowerPoint 2007/2010

iojibaV çstsaVs'ku iSdstdks vksisu djus ds fy, vkidks LVkVZ cVu ij fDyd djuk gksxk rRi'pkr~ izksxzke ,oa ,e,l

vkfQl vkI'ku ij tkdj ds ,e,l iojibaVij fDyd djuk gksxkA vkidks ,d ubZ çstsaVs'kufoaMks LØhu ij feysxh

ftl ij vki dk;Z dj ldrs gSaA ml çstsaVs'kufoaMksa ij VkbZfVy ckj] bUl'kZu IokbaV] ehuw ckj] Vwy ckj] LVsV~l ckj]

#yj ckj bR;kfn iznf'kZr gksaxs tks vkidks dk;Z esa lgk;rk iznku djsaxsA

Home Tab

Clipboard: This contains the Cut, Copy and Paste commands. Slides: This section allows you to insert new slides (clicking on the 'New Slide" button allows

you to select the slide you wish) as well as adjust the layout of your individual slides.


An Introduction of

Microsoft Office Word 2013

Microsoft office word is the latest version of Microsoft Office suite package where this overcomes over all the previous versions launched earlier. Here we will be discussing only about the newly features introduced with it.

ekbØkslk¶V oMZ 2013 ekbØkslk¶V vkfQl esa oMZ dk lcls uohure otZu gS tks fiNys lHkh otZu dk [kqfc;ksa esa vxz.kh

gSA ;gk¡ ge blds dsoy u, fo’ks"krk ds ckjs esa ppkZ djsaxsA

This version has number of changes in user interface but one big change is that there has been introduced one new tab in the range of tabs named ‘Design’ which contain designs and patterns which helps to let you create various designed and decorated documents. Here we see application screen with description…

bl otZu esa dbZ cnyko gq, gSa ysfdu ,d cM+k cnyko ;g gS fd blesa ,d u;k VSc ykap fd;k x;k gS ftldk uke

fMtkbu VSc gSA ;g VSc MkD;wesaV esaa u, fMtkbu fØ,V djus dss fy, ,oa mUgsa lEiq.kZ djus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk

gSA ;gk¡ ge bldh foaMks LØhu ,oa mlds fooj.k ds ckjs esa ppkZ djsaxsA

Internet T Balaji 7

Introduction to Computers Operating System Use of Internet


Introduction to Computers

Introuction and history of Computers

Computer is an electronic device which is capable of receiving data in a particular form and performs a sequence of operations in accordance with a predetermined but variable set of procedural instructions (program) to produce a result in the form of information or signals.History of Computer can be considered from arise of human culture as person known the calculation, they used to something for this purpose like, pebbles, stone etc. but as a device Roman’s abacus is first device used in B.C for calculation. Charles Babbage invented two machines Analytical engine and Difference engine and Hollerith’s Census Machines (Tabulating machine). Howard Aiken (IBM) had designed Mark I, the first operational general-purpose electro-mechanical Computer. John Mauchley and Presper Eckert make the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) First general purpose, digital electronic Computer used to compute a ballistic firing. Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC I), was the first commercially successful Computer. Two Era arises Mechanical Era (Before 1945) having mechanical devices and the Electronic Era (From 1945) having electronic processing technology.

daI;wVj ,d bysDVªfud fMokbl gS tks fdlh fo"k;&oLrq ds ckjs esa MkVk dks crkSj buiqV ysrk gS vkSj ml ij t#jh

vijs'ku dj ,d fu;r vkmViqV çnku djrk gSA dEI;wVlZ dk bfrgkl igys x.kuk ds fy, iz;ksx yk;h tkus okyh

fMokblksa esa esdSfudy fMokbl Fkha] vcSdl dks igyk dEI;wVj dgk tkrk gSA ckn es ikLdy] ykWjsal] tSdc] ,VkWlkWQcsjh

vkfn us dbZ fMokbls cuk;h ijUrq fdlh Hkh fMokbl es eseksjh u Fkh rRi’pkr~ l=goha 'krkCnh esa pkYlZ cSost us

,ukfyfVdy vkSj fMQjsal e'khu dk vkfo"dkj fd;k ftles eseksjh MkyhA mDr e’khu ds vkfo"dkj ls gh vk/kqfud ;qx

dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ ckn esa vkt dh lHkh dEI;wVj esas eseksjh lcls cM+h fo"ks’krk gSA blh ds dkj.k pkYlZ cSost dks dEI;wVj

dk firkeg dgk tkrk gSA ENIACizFke bysDVªkfud dEI;wVj gSA ;gh ls bysDVªkfud dEI;wVlZ dk ;qx 'kq# gks x;kA

Generation of Computer

First generation computer (1942-1955) Second generation computer (1955-1964) Third generation computer (1964-1975) Fourth generation computer (1975-1989) Fifth generation computer (1989-till now)

First Generation (1942-1955)

Internet T Balaji 9

It was first general purpose electronic computer of the world. It was 100 ft long, 10ft high and weighed 30 tones. It contains 20,000 electronic valves (vacuum tube) and was operated by 140-kilowatt electricity. In this very first generation of computers, it had been used Vacuum tube technology which makes a computer possible to do calculations.

bl çFke tujs'ku esa oSD;we V~;wc VsDuksykWth dk mi;ksxfd;k x;k Fkk ftlus daI;wVj dks lkdkj dj x.kuk,a djuk

laHko fd;kA

Second Generation¼1955-1964½

Second generation computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The transistor functioned like vacuum tubes but with greater speed. Transistors were small in size, less electricity consuming and more reliable. In this generation segment of computers, it had been used Transistors which made a computer a little concise and faster to do the same.

daI;wVj ds f}rh; tujs'ku esa VªkaftLVj VsDuksykWth dk mi;ksxfd;k x;k Fkk ftlus rc daI;wVj ds vkdkj dks FkksMk

NksVk ,oa rst dj fn;k FkkA

Third Generation¼1964-1975½

In the third generation of computers, it had been used Integrated circuits which made this faster comparatively and reliable as well. The third generation computers were used Ics (integrated Circuits) for CPU components. RAM & ROM’s were used. Magnetic disk drums and tapes were used as secondary memories.

daI;wVj ds rr̀h; tujs'ku esa baVhxzsVsM lfdZV~l ¼vkbZ0lh0½ VsDuksykWth dk mi;ksxdk mi;ksx fd;k x;k ftlls ;s

rqyukRed Hkjkslsean rFkk rst le>k x;kA

Fourth Generation¼1975-1989½

In this generation of computers, there had been used micro processors inside to work far better comparatively. This is the most reliable among and very concise in size to be portable anywhere you want. The fourth generation computers used VLSIc (Very Large Scale Integration) chips for both CPU and memory. The CPU consists of one or more microprocessors. The latest microprocessors contain more than one million transistors. Cache memory is being provided on CPU chip.

daI;wVj ds prqFkZ tujs'ku esa ekbØks izkslslj VsDuksykWth dk mi;ksxfd;k x;k tks çFke] f}rh; rFkk rr̀h; rhuksa gh

tujs'ku ls dkQh rst] Hkjkslsean rFkk lkbt esa NksVk ik;k x;k ftls vki vklkuh ls dgh Hkh b/kj&m/kj mBk ,oa

j[k ldrs gSaA

Fifth Generation (1989-Tell Now)

This is the generation of computers where computers are assigned automatic intelligence; they use artificial intelligence where they will use their own IQ too to solve a problem at end. Fifth generation computers used ULSI (ULTRA LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION) technology, which is more powerful than VLSI technology. These computers have larger capacity of main memory and hard disks. Optical disks are widely used for secondary data storage.

iape tujs'ku ds daI;wVj esa vkfVZfQfl;y¼df̀=e½ baVsfytsal dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k tks bls daI;wVj VsDuksyth esa

loksZifj fl) djrk gS ftles ;s viuk [kqn ds vkbZåD;wå dk Hkh bLrseky djrk gSA

Classification of computer

Classification based on technology or purpose


Operating System

Introduction

An operating system plays an important role in the use of Computer. It prepares a bare Machine usable for the user. In other words an operating system works as an interface between Computer and user. The operating system enables the user to use the system resources and access several other programs effectively. Windows operating system offer icons, Graphics based interface to the users and they can use mouse to perform a number of operations.

vkijsfVax flLVe vyx&vyx gkMZos;j ds ikVZ~l dks vkil es tksM+us ds fy, flLVe lkW¶Vos;j vFkkZr ,d Mªkboj dk

dk;Z djrk gSA lkFk gh ,Iyhds'ku lkW¶Vos;j ds fy, IysVQkEkZ iznku djrk gSA ftl ij ,Iyhds'ku lkW¶Vos;j pyrk gSA

tks Hkh u;s ,Iyhds'ku lkW¶Vos;j ;k Mªkboj bULVkWy fd;s tkrs gS lHkh vkijsfVax flLVe es tqM+rs tkrs gSA vkijsfVax

flLVe gh dEI;wVj dks ;wtscy¼iz;ksx ;ksX;½ cukrk gsSA

Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows is a series of graphical interface operating systems developed by Microsoft. Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUI).

foUMkst ,d xzkfQDl ;wtj bUVjQsl dk lcls yksdfiz; vkijsfVax flLVe gSA ;g eYVh VkWfLadx] usVodZ liksVsZM

vkijsfVax flLVe gSA foUMkst ds dbZ otZu vk;s gS] loZj rFkk LVSUM vyksu nksuks ds fy, vyx vksijsfVax flLVe gSA ;g

Vh-lh-ih-@vkbZ-ih- izksVksdky dks liksVZ djrk gSA Qkby] QksYMj@Mk;jsDVªh eSustesUV ds lkFk gh eseksjh eSustesUV djrk

gSA An Overview of Different Versions of Windows

foUMkst ,d xzkfQDl ;wtj bUVjQsl dk lcls yksdfiz;

vkijsfVax flLVe gSA ;g eYVh VkWfLadx] usVodZ liksVsZM

vkijsfVax flLVe gSA foUMkst ds dbZ otZu vk;s gS] loZj

rFkk LVSUM vyksu nksuks ds fy, vyx vkisfVax flLVe

gSA ;g Vh-lh-ih-@vkbZ-ih- izksVksdky dks liksVZ djrk gSA

Qkby] QksYMj@Mk;jsDVªh eSustesUV ds lkFk gh eseksjh

eSustesUV djrk gSA

Windows 7

Windows 7 is another successful operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. It had been released in 2009. It had initially its Starter Versions like Windows 7 Starter, Windows Home, Basic, Professional, Ultimate which they had their own hardware and Software requirements.

foaMkst 7 ?kj vkSj O;kikj ds fy, MsLdVi] ySiVi] VscysV ihlh] vkSj ehfM;k lsaVj ihlh lfgr futh daI;wVj ij

bLrseky ds fy, ekbØksl¶V }kjk mRikfnr ,d vkSj lQy vijsfVax flLVe gSA ;g 2009esa tkjh fd;k x;k FkkA ;g

foaMkst 7 LVkVZj] foaMkst gkse csfld] foaMkst 7 vYVhesV] foaMkst 7 çksQs'kuy ds lkFk 'kq: esa tkjh fd;k x;k FkkA

Internet T Balaji 11

Using Essential Accessories

There is number of essential accessories in the computer system comes with the Operating system Package in default like Paint, Notepad, WordPad, Calculator, Games etc. Here comes the details of those as follows…

System tools

System tools are the built in tool command which are used in System management and configuration related to Disk management, Defragmentation etc.

flLVe Vwy daI;wVj flLVe esa daI;wVj flLVe }kjk fu;ksftr igys ls cus cuk;s Vwy gksrs gSa tks flLVe ds eSustesaV rFkk

mlds dfUQxjs'ku ¼j[k j[kko½ ds mi;ksx esa vkrs gSaA ;s flLVe Vwy fMLd Dyhuvi rFkk fMLd MhÝSxesaVslu bR;kfn

gksrs gSaA

Disk cleanup

Disk Cleanup is used to free up space on your hard disk, Disk Cleanup finds and then removes temporary files on your computer that you decide you no longer need. If you have more than one drive or partition on your computer, you will be prompted to choose which drive you want Disk Cleanup to clean.

fMLd Dyhuvi ,d rjg dk flLVe Vwy gksrk gS tks fdlh daI;wVj flLVe dh vuko';d Qkby] ykx] lgk;d Qkby]

VsEijjh Qkby bR;kfn dks fMyhV dj flLVe dks Dyhu djrk gSA ,slk djus ls flLVe dh ijQjesal {kerk cढ़ tkrh gS

tks flLVe ds fy, ,d fu;r le; ij djuk vko';d gSA bl flLVe Vwy dks vki vius daI;wVj flLVe esa lHkh Mªkbo

¼fMLd ikVhZ'ku½ ij pyk ldrs gSA

Here are the steps to conduct a Disk Cleanup…

Click Startbutton and goto Accessories; and then Goto System Tools and choose Disk Cleanup command This will prompt you to select a partition if there is more than one partition;

Select a partition and Click OK; and then you will see a dialog containing list of unnecessary files

to be cleaned by deleting; and then Check to select for cleaning those from the Computer System and Click OK

Disk Defragmenter

Fragmentation makes your hard disk do extra work that can slow down your computer. Removable storage devices such as USB flash drives can also become fragmented. Disk Defragmenter rearranges fragmented data so your disks and drives can work more efficiently.

;g Hkh ,d rjg dk flLVe Vwy gS tks vkids daI;wVj flLVe ds gkMZ

Mªkbo fMLd ds dk;Z {kerk ¼ijQjesal½ dks cढ़k nsrk gSA vki vius

daI;wVj flLVe esa dksb ¶~yS'k Mªkbo] isu Mªkbo dks Hkh MhÝSxesaV dj

ldrs gSaA fMLd MhÝSXesaVj vkids daI;wVj flLVe ds fMLd ds ÝSxesaV

MkVk dks iqu% O;of'Fkr dj nsrk gS rkfd vkidk daI;wVj flLVe csgrj

rjhds vkSj LihM ls dk;Z dj ldsA


Use of Internet History of Internet

It began in 1970’s and 1980’s. The Internet as we know it today began as the ARPANET(Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) built by a division of the Department of Defense. Many local area networks connected to the ARPANET with TCP/IP. TCP-Transmission Control Protocol/IP-Internet Protocol was developed in 1974. The ARPANET was shut down in 1990 due to newer network technology and the need for greater bandwidth on the backbone. In the late ‘70’s the NSFNET, the National Science Foundation Network was developed. This network relied on super computers in San Diego; Boulder; Champaign; Pittsburgh; Ithaca; and Princeton. Each of these six super computers had a microcomputer tied to it which spoke TCP/IP.

baVjusV dh 'kq:okr 1970 ,oa 1980 ds n'kd esa gqvk FkkA bUVjusV ARPANET ¼,Mokal fjlpZ çkstsDV~l ,tsalh usVodZ½ ds uke ls fMQsUl fMikVZesaV }kjk 'kq# fd;k x;k FkkA 1974 esa dbZ yksdy ,fj;k usVodZ ARPANET ls TCP/IP dh enn ls dusDV fd;s tkrs FksA lwpukvksa ds vknku&iznku ds fy, ftl fu;e dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS mls Vªkalfe'ku

dUVªksy izksVksdky ;k baVjusV izksVksdky dgrs gSaA Vªkalfe'ku dUVªksy izksVksdky esa MkVk dbZ NksVs&NksVs iSdsVksa esa foHkkftr

gksrk gS tcfd baVjusV izksVksdky dk dk;Z iSdsVksa ij xUrO; irksa dh lwpuk Mkyuk gksrk gSA fdlh Hkh dEI;wVj dks

baVjusV ls tksM+us ds fy, VsyhQksu ykbu dks baVjusV lfoZl izksokbMj ls tksM+uk iM+rk gSA Hkkjr esa baVjusV lsok dk

loZizFke mi;ksx 15 vxLr] 1995 dks fons'k lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM }kjk fd;k x;k Fkk rRi'pkr~ vU; dEifu;ksa }kjk Hkh

baVjusV dk mi;ksx eq[; #i ls fd;k tkus yxkA

Preparing Computer for Internet Access

Preparing your computer to access internet is to make sure the hardware and software requirements and internet connection. Here we need some prerequisites to access internet.

bUVjusV lfoZl dks ,Dlsl djus ds fy, ges ;g lqfuf'pr d aI;wVj flLVe dh dfUQxjs'ku ds mfpr ekinaM dks

lqfuf'pr djuk iM+sxk rkfd bUVjusV lfoZl dks ck/kkjfgr ,Dlsl fd;k tk lds A

Hardware and Software Requirements

Here we see the requirements of hardware & software to access the internet.

A computer with minimum P-II processor; with 64 MB RAM Operating system; windows 95 or later versions A Modem with 34 kbps or higher speed

Internet Connectivity

Your computer must be connected to the internet then only you will be able to access internet. There is number of internet service providers (ISP) which give you internet connection. There is number of internet connections like Broadband, Dialup, WiFi and so on. You can choose one among them and start surfing the internet.

vkids daI;wVj flLVe esa bUVjusV dusfDVfoVh dks Hkh lqfuf'pr djuk iM+sxk tks vkidks bUVjusV lfoZl çksokbMj }kjk

miyC/k gksrh gSA vkt bUVjusV ds dusD'ku dbZ :i esa miyC/k gS tSls czMcSaM] Mk;y&vi] okbZ&QkbZ bR;kfnA bues ls

dksbZ vki pqu bUVjusV lfoZl bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA


Popular Web Browsing Software

There are many kinds of web browsers available to view and navigate the web contents.

Microsoft Internet Explorer

Microsoft Internet Explorer is a web browser developed by Microsoft Corporation. This browser software is found on Windows operating system installed with the operating system in default. This is treated as the Windows components used to navigate and browse the web contents. The latest version of Microsoft Internet Explorer is version 10.0 is most popular used across the globe.

ekbØksl¶V bUVjusV ,DLIyksjj ,d osc czkmtj gS tks ekbØksl¶V dkjiksjs'ku }kjk Msosyi fd;k x;k gSA ;s czkmtj

foaMkst vijsfVax flLVe esa igys ls gh buLVy jgrk gSA ;s ,d rjg dk foaMkst dEiksusUV Hkh gksrk gS tks osc istst

dks ,Dlsl ,oa usfoxsV djus esa bLrseky gksrk gSA bldk ysVsLV otZu 10.0gSA

# Microsoft Internet Explorer Screen Shot

Netscape Navigator

It is another web browser software program used to browse and navigate the web contents. It is developed by Netscape Corporation. It does browse the internet in most of the operating system like Linux, UNIX, Windows operating system etc. It is not associated with any single operating system. It can be downloaded from its office website.

;s Hkh ,d rjg dk osc czkmtj gS tks osc daVsaV~l dks ,Dlsl ,oa usfoxsV djus esa bLrseky gksrk gS tks usVLdsi

dkjiksjs'ku }kjk fufeZr gSA ;s T;knkrj vijsfVax flLVe tSls fyuDl] ;wfuDl rFkk foaMkst vijsfVax flLVe esa bLrseky

gksrk gSA ;g fdlh ,d vijsfVax flLVe ls gh ugha tqM+k gSA bls bldh vfQfl;y osc lkbZV ls MkmuyksM fd;k tk

ldrk gSA

# Netscape Navigator Screen Shot


Mozilla Firefox

Mozilla Firefox is most popular browser software used now-a-days. It is very user friendly browser software provides easy access to surf internet in several tabs. This browser application has been developed by Mozilla Corporation. This browser software can be used in various other operating systems too like Linux, UNIX and Windows operating System. It can be downloaded from official website of Mozilla Corporation.

eksftyk Qk;jQDl cgqr yksdfç; rFkk pfpZr osc czkmtj l¶Vos;j gSA ;g dkQh vklku rjhds ls VSCl esa osc ist dks

,Dlsl djus dh lgwfy;r nsrk gSA ;s eksftyk dkjiksjs'ku }kjk Msosyi fd;k x;k gSA ;g osc czkmtj Hkh lHkh vijsfVax

flLVe ls ,lksfl,VsM jgrk gSA bls bldh vfQfl;y osclkbV ls MkmuyksM fd;k tk ldrk gSA

#Mozilla Firefox Screen Shot


Yahooij E-mail Idcukuk

www.yahoo.com ,Mªsl ckj esa bUlVZ dj yahoo gkse ist vksisu dj ldrs g SaA mail ckDl ij fDyd djsaA Create New Accountij fDyd djsaA

Sign Up LØhu ij fuEufyf[kr lwpuk;sa Hkjsa&

First Name................................ Last Name................................. Yahoo User [email protected], @yahoo.com Password…………………………………………….. (8-32 charactars, upper and lower case and number) Mobile No............................. Date of birth......................... Sex................... Optional recovery numbers........... Relationship……. Be sure with the terms and conditions and

Click Creat Account button

Composing Email

Creating & sending emails can be done through Microsoft Outlook very well. Before sending an email you have to make sure about the email address of receiver and matter what is to be sent.

loZçFke ges fdldks bZesy Hkstuk gS dks lqfuf'pr dj bZesy vkbZMh Vkbi djuk gksxk rFkk mfpr lCtsDV fy[k bZesy eSlst dEikst djuk gksxkA

QkbZy vVSp djus gsrq Attachmentds Browseij fDyd djsaxs rks vkids LØhu ij File Upload Windowvksisu gksxh tgk¡ ij Qkby dh yksds'ku ,oa FileName dk p;u djsa ,oa vksisu vkI'ku ij fDyd djsa vkids esy ds lkFk og

Qkby vVSp gks tk;sxhA ,d ls vf/kd Qkby dks vVSp djus gsrq izFke Attachmentds i'pkr~ Attach More

FilevkI'kuij fDyd djsaA vki uEcj ds lEeq[k fn;s x;s Browse Optionij fDyd dj izFke QkbZy dh rjg iqu%

QkbZy vVSp dj ldrs gSaA QkbZy ds vVSp gksus ds i'pkr ~ Done Optionij fDyd djuk gksxkA vkids esy ds lkFk

Qkby vVSp gks tk;sxh ftls vki fdlh vU; esy ij Hkst dj ldrs gSaA

http://www.yahoo.com/


How to use WhatsApp

WhatsApp a multiplatform mobile phone messaging service that uses your phone's internet connection to chat with other WhatsApp users.

okVlSi dks buLVy djus ls iwoZ ;g lqfuf'pr dj ys fd vkidk फ़ksu okVlSi dks liksVZ dj jgk gS okVlSi ds }kjk eSlst Hkstus ls iwoZ ;g lqfuf'pr dj ys fd ftls vki eSlst

Hkstuk pkgrs gS ml O;fä ds फ़ksu ij okVlSi ,Iyhds'ku buLVy gS ;k ugha ;fn og O;fä QsojsV LØhu ij ugha fn[k jgk gS rks ml eksckby uacj dks फ़ksu dUVªSDV esa ,sM djs okVlSi ds ç;ksx gsrq gesa fufEyf[kr LVsIl dks Qyks djuk gksxk vkb, uhps fn, x;s

LVsIl dks Qyks djsA

Go to https://web.whatsapp.com/ in Chrome. Follow the instructions to pull up the WhatsApp Web QR code scanner on your mobile device.

The method for launching this section of the app is a different based on the platform you're using, but directions are listed just under the QR code.

Scan the QR code and watch as your conversations magically appear in your browser. WhatsApp allows a user to:

Set their status message, a simple short message visible to everyone.

For example one could set their status message to be \Busy",

Send a message to a contact, Create a new group, Add a user to a group.

WhatsApp Calling

WhatsApp started testing its long-awaited voice calling feature and it’s fairly easy to activate it. If you do though, it’s simple to activate it.

Blog

Blog is much known to all of us that are used to provide our own ideas and informatins with some Blog provide websites which can even be maintained by a general user to build his or her own websites along with the contents. We do share our ideas and informations through blogs. Now-a-days blogging is made by most of the people like Politicians, Celebrities and many more.

ge lHkh CykWx 'kCn ls HkyhHkkafr ifjfpr gSa D;ksafd orZeku le; esa O;fDr;ksa }kjk Cykx ij lans'k fy[kdj vius fopkjksa

dks ,d&nwljs ls 'ks;j fd;k tk jgk gSA CykWfxax dk ,d vU; uke osc Cykx gSA CykWfxax ds ek/;e ls ge lHkh vius

fopkjksa ,oa lq>koksa dks b.VjusV ij ,d nwljs dks vkil esa 'ks;j dj ldrs gSaA ge lHkh vU; O;fDr;ksa }kjk fy[ks CykWx

dks i

17

Computer Proficiency Test Skill Test/DEO Test Letter and Resume Facing Interview Typing for Beginners


Computer Skill Test

bl v/;k; esa ge Computer Proficeny Test ds fo"k; esa ppkZ djsxsa ,oa mu fof/k;ksa dsk tkusxs ftlls dh vki VsLV dks mÙkh.kZ dj vfUre p;u izkIr dj ldsaA ;g v/;k; mu Nk=ksa gsrq cgqr mi;ksxh gS tks SSC (CGL, DEO 10+2)

FCI, SSC-Stenographer, BANK (CLERK/PO) ;k vU; ijh{kkvksa dh rS;kjh dj jgs gSaA Computer Proficiency Test

After declaration of Tier 2 Result, SSC will conduct Computer Proficiency Test (CPT). CPT is conducted for all those candidates who have opted for CSS (Central Secretariat Services) anywhere in their post preference. You need not to carry your computer / laptop / keyboard as Computer will be provided by SSC. No exemption from CPT for any category of PH candidates. CPT will be of qualifying nature. Marks obtained will be not counted in merit but if you fail in this test than you will not get CSS post but eligible for other posts.

deZpkjh p;u vk;ksx }kjk fofHkUu ijh{kkvksa esa CPT Text dks vfuok;Z dj fn;k x;k gSa tsSls& SSC (FCI), SSC 10+2,

SSC Data Entry Operator ,oa CGL ijh{kk fcuk CPT ,o Data Entry ijh{kk ds mÙkh.kZ gq;s vki vfUre p;u ugh izkIr dj ldrs gSa A bl v/;k; eas ge CPT ds fo"k; eas tkudkjh izkIr djsxs ,oa mu fof/k;ks dks tkusxs ftlls vki CPT ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dj ldsA orZeku le; esa vf/kdka”k ljdkjh ,oa izkbosV laLFkkvks esa fu;qfDr fcuk dE;wVj Kku ds

laeHk ugha gS ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks Proficiency Test/Skill Test/Computer typing test ls xqtjuk gksrk gSaA

Staff Selection Commission is the authorized Organization which looks over the recruitment of vacancies in the departments under central government. Every year it releases notification and conducts the Combined Higher Secondary Level examination for the Lower Division Clerk (LDC) and Data Entry Operator (DEO) vacancies.

SSC CHSL LDC typing test

Typing Test will be conducted in English or Hindi. Typing Test will be of qualifying in nature. It will be administered on the Computer, to be provided by the Commission or any agency authorized by the Commission. The speed will be adjudged on the accuracy of typing on the Computer of a given text passage in 10 minutes. 35 w.p.m. and 30 w.p.m corresponds to 10500 key depressions per hour/ 9000 key depressions per hour respectively.

SSC CHSL DEO Skill test

The “Data Entry Speed” Skill Test would be of qualifying nature. Data Entry Speed is of 8,000 (eight thousand) Key Depressions per hour on Computer. Candidates allowed to take this test, will have to qualify the test at the prescribed speed on Computer, to be provided by the Commission or the agency authorized by the Commission to conduct such skill test at the Centre/venue so notified. Only such candidates who qualify in the Skill Test at a speed of not less than 8000 key depressions per