s olids, l iquids, and g ases and d ensity ms. copeland physical science
TRANSCRIPT
SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES ANDDENSITY
Ms. Copeland
Physical Science
STATES OF MATTER
KINETIC THEORY
Explains how particles in matter behave 3 assumptions needed:
1. All matter is composed of small particles2. Particles are in a constant, random motion3. Particles constantly colliding with each other
and their surrounds (container, other particles) Imagine a room full of tennis balls: They
are constantly bouncing and hitting walls and each other
THERMAL ENERGY
Causes all particles to vibrate Temperature is directly related with
thermal energy and particle vibration Water’s particles vibrate more slowly
when in the form of ice and faster when in the form of water vapor.
Temperature is the average kinetic energy found in a particle at a given time.
How would predict particles to behave at absolute 0 (-273.15 °C, 0° Kelvin)?
SOLIDS Most solids have a certain
pattern that they must arrange themselves
Solids automatically arrange themselves into this pattern when they cool
The shape a solid forms will determine it’s chemical properties and can give you clues about these properties
Have a definite shape and volume
LIQUIDS
Have the ability to flow: they can slide past each other
Particles have more kinetic energy than solids
Take shape of their container Have a definite volume
GASES
Have so much kinetic energy that they overcome any attractive forces between molecules
No fixed volume or shape Have the ability to flow Expand to fill entire container they are in
PLASMA
Most common state of matter in the universe Overall neutral charge Move extremely fast, thus have a very high
kinetic energy
HOW DO THINGS FLOAT?
Buoyancy is the upward force exerted on an object by a liquid.
When a boat floats, water is pushing it up. (pg. 485)
Archimedes Principle: An object will displace the same amount of water as it weighs. If an object weighs 5 grams it will displace ___ mL of water
When weight and water displaced is equal, an object floats.
What about if the weight of an object is more than the water it displaces?.
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DENSITY Dependant on how close together particles
are Does a block of wood weigh the same as a
block of steel? Differences in weight are due to densities. Which would float a wood block or a steel
block? Which is denser, the wood block, or the steel
block? Objects float when there are less dense than
the object they are placed in. Why do steel boats float?