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TRANSCRIPT
-
2004
biosafety_ch.indd 1biosafety_ch.indd 1 27.9.2005 9:03:2227.9.2005 9:03:22
-
WHO CDS CSR LYO 2004.11
(CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA) U50/CCU
012445-08 CDC
© 2004
Marketing and Dissemination World Health
Organization 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland ( 41 22 791 2476
41 22 791 4857 bookorders who.int)
-
( 41 22 791 4806 permissions who.int)
minimum graphics
biosafety_ch.indd 2biosafety_ch.indd 2 27.9.2005 9:03:2427.9.2005 9:03:24
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viiviii
1 11
5
2 788
3 99
121416161719
4 2020212222
5 252525
6 282929303132
• iii •
biosafety_ch.indd Sec1:iiibiosafety_ch.indd Sec1:iii 27.9.2005 9:03:2627.9.2005 9:03:26
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• iv •
7 33
8 36
45
9 47
49
10 51515356565757
11 61616363646464
67
12 69697070707171727273737474747476
biosafety_ch.indd Sec1:ivbiosafety_ch.indd Sec1:iv 27.9.2005 9:03:2827.9.2005 9:03:28
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• v •
13 787879
14 82828383888989899293
15 94949595
99
16 DNA 101101102102102103103104
105
17 107107107107107108108109
18 110110111
biosafety_ch.indd Sec1:vbiosafety_ch.indd Sec1:v 27.9.2005 9:03:3027.9.2005 9:03:30
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• vi •
111111
115
19 117117118
20 119119
( ) 11921 120
123
22 125125125126126126126127127128128129129129130131131
133
1351 1382 1393 WHO 1404 141
1415 145
174
biosafety_ch.indd Sec1:vibiosafety_ch.indd Sec1:vi 27.9.2005 9:03:3227.9.2005 9:03:32
-
• vii •
(WHO)
1983 (Laboratory
Biosafety Manual) 1
1983
2 1993
3 WHO
3
DNA
3
3
1997 WHO (1) (Safety in Health-Care
Laboratories)
WHO 3
Dr A. Asamoa-Baah
biosafety_ch.indd Sec1:viibiosafety_ch.indd Sec1:vii 27.9.2005 9:03:3527.9.2005 9:03:35
-
• viii •
Dr W. Emmett Barkley, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USADr Murray L. Cohen, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,
USA (retired) Dr Ingegerd Kallings, Swedish Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm,
SwedenMs Mary Ellen Kennedy, Consultant in Biosafety, Ashton, Ontario, Canada Ms Margery Kennett, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North
Melbourne, Australia (retired) Dr Richard Knudsen, Offi ce of Health and Safety, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USADr Nicoletta Previsani, Biosafety programme, World Health Organization, Geneva,
SwitzerlandDr Jonathan Richmond, Offi ce of Health and Safety, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA (retired) Dr Syed A. Sattar, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario,
CanadaDr Deborah E. Wilson, Division of Ocupational Health and Safety, Offi ce of Research
Services, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
Dr Riccardo Wittek, Institute of Animal Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Ms Maureen Best, Offi ce of Laboratory Security, Health Canada, Ottawa, CanadaDr Mike Catton, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne,
AustraliaDr Shanna Nesby, Offi ce of Health and Safety, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USADr Stefan Wagener, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg,
Canada
1 2
1997 WHO (1)
3
biosafety_ch.indd Sec1:viiibiosafety_ch.indd Sec1:viii 27.9.2005 9:03:3627.9.2005 9:03:36
-
• 1 •
11
(WHO 1 2 3 4 )
1
1
1 ( )
2 ( )
3 ( )
4 ( )
2
( “ ”)
( )
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:1biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:1 27.9.2005 9:03:3727.9.2005 9:03:37
-
• 2 •
2
1 GMT
2 GMTBSC
3 BSC
4 BSC
BSC
( )
BSC GMT ( 4 )
1.
2.
3.
( ) ; , ;
4.
2
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:2biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:2 27.9.2005 9:03:3927.9.2005 9:03:39
-
• 3 •
, ,
( 2 )
3
3
a
HEPA b
c
c
d
a
b ( 4 )c
d
( )
1
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:3biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:3 27.9.2005 9:03:4127.9.2005 9:03:41
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:4biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:4 27.9.2005 9:03:4327.9.2005 9:03:43
-
• 5 •
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:5biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:5 27.9.2005 9:03:4427.9.2005 9:03:44
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:6biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:6 27.9.2005 9:03:4527.9.2005 9:03:45
-
• 7 •
22
( 1 )
1.
2.
3.
4. ( )
5.
6.
7. ( )
8.
9. ( )
10.
( 16 )
11.
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:7biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:7 27.9.2005 9:03:4527.9.2005 9:03:45
-
• 8 •
(standard operating pr edures SOPs)
(
)
1. (2)
( )
2.
3.
1.
2. (
)
3.
WHO
( 2003 (Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome, SARS) ) ‚
(genetically modifi ed organisms, GMOs)
16
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:8biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:8 27.9.2005 9:03:4627.9.2005 9:03:46
-
• 9 •
33
1-4
1
( )
(GMT)
( )
(2)
( 4 5 )
“ ” “ ”‚
1. 2
( 1)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:9biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:9 27.9.2005 9:03:4827.9.2005 9:03:48
-
• 10 •
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
1
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:10biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:10 27.9.2005 9:03:4927.9.2005 9:03:49
-
• 11 •
3.
4.
( )
5. (
)
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. (
)
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
3
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:11biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:11 27.9.2005 9:03:5027.9.2005 9:03:50
-
• 12 •
5.
1. ( )
2. ( )
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:12biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:12 27.9.2005 9:03:5227.9.2005 9:03:52
-
• 13 •
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
2( CUH2A, Princeton, NJ, USA )
3
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:13biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:13 27.9.2005 9:03:5327.9.2005 9:03:53
-
• 14 •
13.
14. ( 1)
15.
16.
17.
(
)
18.
19.
( 9 )
( )
1.
2.
3.
4.
(
10 11 )
1.
2.
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:14biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:14 27.9.2005 9:03:5427.9.2005 9:03:54
-
• 15 •
(
)
3.
4.
5.
3( CUH2A, Princeton, NJ, USA )
3
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:15biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:15 27.9.2005 9:03:5627.9.2005 9:03:56
-
• 16 •
6.
7.
( 7 )
1. ( 2)
2.
3. ( )
4.
1.
2.
3. ( )
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:16biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:16 27.9.2005 9:03:5727.9.2005 9:03:57
-
• 17 •
( 21 )
1. ( )
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1. ?
2.
?
3.
?
(
)
( 14 )
3
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:17biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:17 27.9.2005 9:03:5827.9.2005 9:03:58
-
• 18 •
1. ( )
2. ( )
3.
4.
5.
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:18biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:18 27.9.2005 9:04:0027.9.2005 9:04:00
-
• 19 •
( ) (
) ( 14 )
( 14 )
( 17 18 )
11
3
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:19biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:19 27.9.2005 9:04:0127.9.2005 9:04:01
-
• 20 •
44
3
2
( 3 )
1.
2.
3.
1. ( 1)
2.
(
)
3.
( 10 )
4.
( 11 )
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:20biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:20 27.9.2005 9:04:0227.9.2005 9:04:02
-
• 21 •
1.
(
)
2.
3.
( )
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
(high-effi ciency
particulate air fi lters HEPA )
( )
HEPA
(HVAC)
HVAC
9. HEPA
10.
( 10 )
11. ( 10 ) HEPA
4
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:21biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:21 27.9.2005 9:04:0427.9.2005 9:04:04
-
• 22 •
12.
13.
HEPA
14.
4
( ( 10 ) )
( )
( )
HEPA
1.
2. ( 5 )
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:22biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:22 27.9.2005 9:04:0627.9.2005 9:04:06
-
• 23 •
4 ( CUH2A, Princeton, NJ, USA )
( )
4
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:23biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:23 27.9.2005 9:04:0727.9.2005 9:04:07
-
• 24 •
A.
B.
5
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:24biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:24 27.9.2005 9:04:0827.9.2005 9:04:08
-
• 25 •
55
4
WHO 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
(
)
1 Biosafety programme, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (http://www.who.int/csr/).
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:25biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:25 27.9.2005 9:04:0827.9.2005 9:04:08
-
• 26 •
( 10 )
HEPA
( 10 )
2.
3. HEPA
HEPA
HEPA
HEPA
HEPA HEPA
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:26biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:26 27.9.2005 9:04:1027.9.2005 9:04:10
-
• 27 •
HEPA HEPA
4.
( )
pH
5.
6.
7.
8.
( 13 )
5
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:27biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:27 27.9.2005 9:04:1127.9.2005 9:04:11
-
• 28 •
66
4
1 ABSL-1
2 ABSL-2 ABSL-1
BSC
3 ABSL-3 ABSL-2 BSC
4 ABSL-4 ABSL-3
BSC
ABSL BSC
1.
2.
3.
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:28biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:28 27.9.2005 9:04:1227.9.2005 9:04:12
-
• 29 •
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
4
(
) 1
(GMT)
2
1.
2. ( 1)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
6
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:29biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:29 27.9.2005 9:04:1327.9.2005 9:04:13
-
• 30 •
11. ( 14 )
12. (I II )
HEPA
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
HEPA
7.
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:30biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:30 27.9.2005 9:04:1527.9.2005 9:04:15
-
• 31 •
8.
9. 3
10.
11.
12.
13.
(
5 )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. 4
6.
7.
8. HEPA
( )
9.
10.
11.
12. 4
6
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:31biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:31 27.9.2005 9:04:1627.9.2005 9:04:16
-
• 32 •
13.
14.
15.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
(3-6)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:32biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:32 27.9.2005 9:04:1827.9.2005 9:04:18
-
• 33 •
77
1-4
(
)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:33biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:33 27.9.2005 9:04:1927.9.2005 9:04:19
-
• 34 •
1.
2.
3.
4. ( ) (HVAC)
5. (HEPA)
6. HEPA
7. HVAC
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13. ( )
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21. (LAN)
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:34biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:34 27.9.2005 9:04:2027.9.2005 9:04:20
-
• 35 •
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35. BSL4
36.
37.
38.
39. ( )
40
41.
42.
7
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:35biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:35 27.9.2005 9:04:2127.9.2005 9:04:21
-
• 36 •
88
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
( 7 )
(
)
( )
5- 7
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:36biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:36 27.9.2005 9:04:2227.9.2005 9:04:22
-
• 37 •
1 ( 3)
1 WHO Biosafety programme, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (http://www.who.int/csr/).
8
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:37biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:37 27.9.2005 9:04:2327.9.2005 9:04:23
-
• 38 •
5
( )
(
)
(
)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:38biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:38 27.9.2005 9:04:2427.9.2005 9:04:24
-
• 39 •
( )
(
)
8
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:39biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:39 27.9.2005 9:04:2527.9.2005 9:04:25
-
• 40 •
( )
( )
(
)
(
)
1m
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:40biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:40 27.9.2005 9:04:2627.9.2005 9:04:26
-
• 41 •
6
( )
(BSC) (BSC)
BSC
BSC
BSC
••
8
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:41biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:41 27.9.2005 9:04:2827.9.2005 9:04:28
-
• 42 •
( )
BSC
BSC
( )
( )
BSC
BSC
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:42biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:42 27.9.2005 9:04:2927.9.2005 9:04:29
-
• 43 •
7
( )
( )
8
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:43biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:43 27.9.2005 9:04:3127.9.2005 9:04:31
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:44biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:44 27.9.2005 9:04:3227.9.2005 9:04:32
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:45biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:45 27.9.2005 9:04:3227.9.2005 9:04:32
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:46biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:46 27.9.2005 9:04:3327.9.2005 9:04:33
-
• 47 •
99
(laboratory biosafety) (laboratory biosecurity)
( )
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:47biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:47 27.9.2005 9:04:3327.9.2005 9:04:33
-
• 48 •
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:48biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:48 27.9.2005 9:04:3427.9.2005 9:04:34
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:49biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:49 27.9.2005 9:04:3527.9.2005 9:04:35
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:50biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:50 27.9.2005 9:04:3527.9.2005 9:04:35
-
• 51 •
1010
(biological safety cabinets BSCs)
5 µm 5-100 µm
HEPA 0.3 µm HEPA
99.97 99.99 HEPA
HEPA
(product protection)
8
(“ ”)
6 0.38 m s
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:51biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:51 27.9.2005 9:04:3527.9.2005 9:04:35
-
• 52 •
WHO
02.
135
A
D
C
B
HEPA : (a)
; (b)
; (c) HEPA
8
1-3
4
4
B1
A2
B2
6A B C HEPA D
HEPA
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:52biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:52 27.9.2005 9:04:3727.9.2005 9:04:37
-
• 53 •
(the exhaust plenum)
( A1 A2 B1 B2 )
HEPA ( )
2 3
4
1
II A1 7 ( )
0.38 m s HEPA
6-18 cm
70
HEPA 30
A1
( 8)
10
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:53biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:53 27.9.2005 9:04:3927.9.2005 9:04:39
-
• 54 •
A2 B1 B2
A2 B1 ( 8) B2
A1
9
( 8)
(
? ?) (
?)
A B 7 8
WHO
02.
137
B
A
E
CD
F
7 A1A B C HEPA D
E HEPA F
HEPA
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:54biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:54 27.9.2005 9:04:4027.9.2005 9:04:40
-
• 55 •
9
(m s) ( )
a 0.36 0 100
A1 0.38-0.51 70 30
A2 a 0.51 70 30
B1 a 0.51 30 70
B2 a 0.51 0 100
a 0 100
a
WHO
02.
138
BA
F
C
G
F
ED
10
HEPA
8 B1A B C HEPA D HEPAE F G HEPA
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:55biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:55 27.9.2005 9:04:4227.9.2005 9:04:42
-
• 56 •
( 9) 4
“ ” HEPA
HEPA
( 124.5 Pa)
HEPA
A1 A2 “ (thimble)” “
(canopy hood)”
9 ( ( )A B C HEPAD HEPA E F
WHO
02.
136
B
AE
C D C
F
HEPA
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:56biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:56 27.9.2005 9:04:4327.9.2005 9:04:43
-
• 57 •
2.5 cm
B1 B2
1-4
8
A1
A2 B1
B2
0.45 m s
30 cm
30-35 cm
10
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:57biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:57 27.9.2005 9:04:4527.9.2005 9:04:45
-
• 58 •
70
( )
24 h
A1 A2
B1 B2
5 min
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:58biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:58 27.9.2005 9:04:4627.9.2005 9:04:46
-
• 59 •
HEPA
70
5 min
10
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:59biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:59 27.9.2005 9:04:4727.9.2005 9:04:47
-
• 60 •
( )
5 (7-16) 11
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:60biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:60 27.9.2005 9:04:4827.9.2005 9:04:48
-
• 61 •
1111
10
10
12
4
(PVC)
HEPA
HEPA
( 3 4 )
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:61biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:61 27.9.2005 9:04:4927.9.2005 9:04:49
-
• 62 •
10
• ()
•
• ()
•
••
•
•
••
••
•
•
•••
••
••
•
(
)
••
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:62biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:62 27.9.2005 9:04:5027.9.2005 9:04:50
-
• 63 •
•
•( 0.45 µm)
•
•
( )
( )
(stomacher)
3
11
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:63biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:63 27.9.2005 9:04:5127.9.2005 9:04:51
-
• 64 •
( 3 )
11
(prescription glasses)
( )
(
) ( )
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:64biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:64 27.9.2005 9:04:5327.9.2005 9:04:53
-
• 65 •
11
••
•
•
• ()
•
• ( )•
••
•
(powered air
purifying PAPR)
•
••
( )
(ISO 13.340.30)
11
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:65biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:65 27.9.2005 9:04:5427.9.2005 9:04:54
-
• 66 •
(12) (17) (18)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:66biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:66 27.9.2005 9:04:5527.9.2005 9:04:55
-
• 67 •
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:67biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:67 27.9.2005 9:04:5627.9.2005 9:04:56
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:68biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:68 27.9.2005 9:04:5727.9.2005 9:04:57
-
• 69 •
1212
3
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:69biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:69 27.9.2005 9:04:5727.9.2005 9:04:57
-
• 70 •
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. (mark-to-mark)
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
1. 2-3 mm
6 cm
2.
3.
4.
( )
( )
5.
12
1.
( 10 )
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:70biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:70 27.9.2005 9:04:5727.9.2005 9:04:57
-
• 71 •
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11. 5 min
12.
10
1. ( 5 µm)
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2. ( )
12
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:71biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:71 27.9.2005 9:04:5927.9.2005 9:04:59
-
• 72 •
3. : (a) (
) ; (b)
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. ( 14 )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. ( )
6.
7.
8.
9. ( 70%)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:72biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:72 27.9.2005 9:05:0027.9.2005 9:05:00
-
• 73 •
10. 3 4 ( )
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
1. ( )
2.
3.
(poly
tetrafl uoroethylene PTFE)
4.
5.
6.
1. ( )
2.
12
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:73biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:73 27.9.2005 9:05:0227.9.2005 9:05:02
-
• 74 •
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
( “ (19)”)
(2)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:74biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:74 27.9.2005 9:05:0327.9.2005 9:05:03
-
• 75 •
1. [2]
2.
3.
4. ( 15 )
( )
5.
1.
2. ( )
3.
4.
1. ( )
2. (
)
( )
1.
2.
3.
12
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:75biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:75 27.9.2005 9:05:0427.9.2005 9:05:04
-
• 76 •
1.
2.
20 °C
1 g l
5 g l ( 14 )
(prion “ ”)
(transmissible spongiform encephalopathies TSEs) (Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease CJD ) - - (Gerstmann-Sträussler-
Scheinker syndrome)
(bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE)
(20-23)
1.
2. ( ) (
)
3.
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:76biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:76 27.9.2005 9:05:0627.9.2005 9:05:06
-
• 77 •
4. (tissue pr essors)
( )
5.
6.
7.
8. 96 1 h (24‚ 25)
9.
134-137 °C 18 min 3 min
10. Kevlar
11. 20 g l (2 ) (
) 1 h
12.
( )
13. 20 g l (2 )
1 h
14. HEPA 1000 °C
a.
b. “ ”‚
c. HEPA
15. 20 g l (2 ) 1 h
16. 20 g l (2 )
1h
(12) (26) (27)
12
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:77biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:77 27.9.2005 9:05:0827.9.2005 9:05:08
-
• 78 •
1313
3 4 (
)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:78biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:78 27.9.2005 9:05:1027.9.2005 9:05:10
-
• 79 •
5.
6.
7.
8.
( )
( 1 h )
( 24 h)
13
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:79biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:79 27.9.2005 9:05:1127.9.2005 9:05:11
-
• 80 •
( 30 min)
( 30 min)
( )
( 14 )
( )
1. (
)
2.
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:80biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:80 27.9.2005 9:05:1227.9.2005 9:05:12
-
• 81 •
3.
4.
5.
6. (
)
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
1. ( 3 4
)
2. (full-face
respirator)
3.
4.
5.
6.
(12) (28)
13
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:81biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:81 27.9.2005 9:05:1327.9.2005 9:05:13
-
• 82 •
1414
(antimicrobial) (antimicrobial)
(antiseptic)(antiseptic)
(biocide) (biocide)
(chemical germicide) (chemical germicide)
(decontamination) (decontamination)
(disinfectant) (disinfectant)
(disinfection) (disinfection)
(microbicide)(microbicide)
“ ”
(sporocide)(sporocide)
(sterilization)(sterilization)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:82biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:82 27.9.2005 9:05:1427.9.2005 9:05:14
-
• 83 •
( )
(w v) 12
( ( )
(NaOCl)
( ) ( )
14
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:83biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:83 27.9.2005 9:05:1527.9.2005 9:05:15
-
• 84 •
( )
12
a b
0.1 (1 g l) 0.5 (5 g l)
( 5% ) 20 ml l 100 ml l
( 70% ) 1.4 g l 7.0 g l
( 60% ) 1.7 g l 8.5 g l
( 1.5 g ) 1 4
( 25% ) c 20 g l 20 g l
a
b ( )c
1 g l 5 g l
50 g l 1 50
1 10 1 g l 5 g l
120 g l
(Ca (ClO) 2) 70
1.4 g l 7.0 g l 1.0 g l 5 g l
1-2 mg l
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:84biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:84 27.9.2005 9:05:1627.9.2005 9:05:16
-
• 85 •
(NaDCC) 60 NaDCC
1.7 g l 8.5 g l 1 g l 5 g l NaDCC
1.5 g 1 4 1 1 g l
5 g l NaDCC
NaDCC 10 min
25%
20 g l
-T ( )
(Cl2) (O
2)
: (1) (HCl)
(NaClO2) ; (2)
20 °C (HCHO)
14
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:85biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:85 27.9.2005 9:05:1927.9.2005 9:05:19
-
• 86 •
70%
370 g l (37%) (100 ml l)
( )
( ) (5% )
(OHC (CH2)
3 CHO)
20 g l (2%)
( )
1-4
(dipstick)
( )
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:86biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:86 27.9.2005 9:05:2127.9.2005 9:05:21
-
• 87 •
(
)
(C2H
5OH) ((CH
3)
2CHOH)
70% (v v)
70% (v v) 100 g l
2 g l 70% (v v)
(polyvidone iodine)
14
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:87biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:87 27.9.2005 9:05:2227.9.2005 9:05:22
-
• 88 •
4-10 °C
(H2O
2) (CH
3COOOH)
3% 5-
10 30% 3-6%
(NaOCl) 1%
(5 g l)
3%
( )
21 °C 70 (
)
8 h
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:88biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:88 27.9.2005 9:05:2427.9.2005 9:05:24
-
• 89 •
( 0.8 )
( )
10 ( )
70%
( (duct tape) )
6 h
2 ( )
30 min
10 (
)
“ ”
160 °C 2-4 h ( )
14
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:89biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:89 27.9.2005 9:05:2527.9.2005 9:05:25
-
• 90 •
(
)
( )
1. 134 °C 3 min
2. 126 °C 10 min
3. 121 °C 15 min
4. 115 °C 25 min.
(“ ”) 10
( HEPA )
HEPA
134 °C
3 min
80 °C
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:90biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:90 27.9.2005 9:05:2727.9.2005 9:05:27
-
• 91 •
1.
2.
3.
WHO
02.
139
14
10
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:91biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:91 27.9.2005 9:05:2827.9.2005 9:05:28
-
• 92 •
4.
5.
80 °C
6.
7. 80 °C
8.
“ ”
9. ( )
10.
( 3 )
800 °C 1000 °C
( )
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:92biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:92 27.9.2005 9:05:2927.9.2005 9:05:29
-
• 93 •
( 3 )
(13) (29-39)
14
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:93biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:93 27.9.2005 9:05:3027.9.2005 9:05:30
-
• 94 •
1515
1.
2.
3.
( )
(40)
(United Nations Committee of Exports on the Transport of Dangerous
Goods UNCETDG)
(International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO)
(Technical Instructions
for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (41) )
(the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage
of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) (42))
(International Air Transport Ass iation IATA)
(Infectious Substances Shipping Guidelines) (43)
IATA ICAO
IATA IATA
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:94biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:94 27.9.2005 9:05:3027.9.2005 9:05:30
-
• 95 •
UNCETDG
13 (2003) (40) WHO (44)
11
1.
2.
3. ( 5
)
4.
15
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:95biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:95 27.9.2005 9:05:3227.9.2005 9:05:32
-
• 96 •
A
B
11( IATA Montreal Canada )
50
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:96biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:96 27.9.2005 9:05:3427.9.2005 9:05:34
-
5. ( 30 min)
6. ( 2-5 )
7.
8.
15
• 97 •
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:97biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:97 27.9.2005 9:05:3427.9.2005 9:05:34
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:98biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:98 27.9.2005 9:05:3527.9.2005 9:05:35
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:99biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:99 27.9.2005 9:05:3627.9.2005 9:05:36
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:100biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:100 27.9.2005 9:05:3627.9.2005 9:05:36
-
1616DNADNA
DNA
(genetically modifi ed organisms, GMOs)
1975
(45) DNA
DNA 25
DNA DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA
GMOs
DNA
pUC18 pUC18
K12
pBR322 K12
• 101 •
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:101biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:101 27.9.2005 9:05:3627.9.2005 9:05:36
-
• 102 •
DNA K12
pUC18
1. DNA GMO
2. DNA DNA
3.
4.
( )
( )
(“ ” )
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:102biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:102 27.9.2005 9:05:3827.9.2005 9:05:38
-
• 103 •
(GMOs)
( )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
16 DNA
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:103biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:103 27.9.2005 9:05:3927.9.2005 9:05:39
-
• 104 •
3.
4.
5.
(
)
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. DNA
GMO ?
5. ?
6. GMO
?
7. GMO ?
GMOs
GMOs
DNA
(17) (46-48)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:104biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:104 27.9.2005 9:05:4027.9.2005 9:05:40
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:105biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:105 27.9.2005 9:05:4127.9.2005 9:05:41
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:106biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:106 27.9.2005 9:05:4227.9.2005 9:05:42
-
• 107 •
1717
( 5)
(material safety data sheets MSDS)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
13
13
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:107biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:107 27.9.2005 9:05:4227.9.2005 9:05:42
-
• 108 •
13
5
( )
1.
2.
3.
4.
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:108biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:108 27.9.2005 9:05:4327.9.2005 9:05:43
-
• 109 •
5.
6.
7. ( Na2CO
3) (NaHCO
3)
8. ( )
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
( )
5.
6.
7. ( )
14
14
a b • ( )
•
•
•
a b •
a
b
(1) (49-51) 5
17
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:109biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:109 27.9.2005 9:05:4427.9.2005 9:05:44
-
• 110 •
1818
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
( )
15
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:110biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:110 27.9.2005 9:05:4627.9.2005 9:05:46
-
• 111 •
15
CO2
(49)
(
)
(
)
(
)
1.
( )
18
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:111biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:111 27.9.2005 9:05:4727.9.2005 9:05:47
-
• 112 •
2.
( 8-15 )
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2. - -
2
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:112biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:112 27.9.2005 9:05:4827.9.2005 9:05:48
-
• 113 •
3.
( ) 1.3-1.5 cm
- -
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
( )
( 12)
2.
18
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:113biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:113 27.9.2005 9:05:4927.9.2005 9:05:49
-
• 114 •
( )
3.
12
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:114biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:114 27.9.2005 9:05:5027.9.2005 9:05:50
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:115biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:115 27.9.2005 9:05:5127.9.2005 9:05:51
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:116biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:116 27.9.2005 9:05:5227.9.2005 9:05:52
-
• 117 •
1919
(
)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:117biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:117 27.9.2005 9:05:5227.9.2005 9:05:52
-
• 118 •
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
DNA
1.
2.
3.
4. ( )
5.
6.
(
)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:118biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:118 27.9.2005 9:05:5327.9.2005 9:05:53
-
• 119 •
2020
(
)
( ( ))
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:119biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:119 27.9.2005 9:05:5427.9.2005 9:05:54
-
• 120 •
2121
(
)
1. (
)
2.
3.
(
)
4.
5. (
)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:120biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:120 27.9.2005 9:05:5427.9.2005 9:05:54
-
• 121 •
( )
6.
7.
WHO
21
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:121biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:121 27.9.2005 9:05:5627.9.2005 9:05:56
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:122biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:122 27.9.2005 9:05:5727.9.2005 9:05:57
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:123biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:123 27.9.2005 9:05:5727.9.2005 9:05:57
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:124biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:124 27.9.2005 9:05:5827.9.2005 9:05:58
-
• 125 •
2222
( )
1. ?
2. (
) ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. ?
8. ?
9. ?
10. ?
11. ?
12. ?
13.
?
14. ?
15. ?
16.
?
1. ?
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:125biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:125 27.9.2005 9:05:5827.9.2005 9:05:58
-
• 126 •
2.
?
3. ?
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ( ) ?
7. ?
8. ?
9. ?
1. ?
2. ?
3. (
) ?
4. HEPA ?
5. ?
1. ( 300-400 lx) ?
2. ( ) ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
1. ?
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:126biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:126 27.9.2005 9:05:5927.9.2005 9:05:59
-
• 127 •
2. ?
3. ?
4.
?
5. ?
6.
?
7. ?
8. ?
9. ?
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7.
?
8. ?
9. ?
10.
?
22
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:127biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:127 27.9.2005 9:06:0027.9.2005 9:06:00
-
• 128 •
11. ?
12. ?
13.
?
14.
?
15. ?
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. ?
8. ?
9. ?
10. ?
11. ?
12. ?
13. ?
1.
?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6.
?
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:128biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:128 27.9.2005 9:06:0127.9.2005 9:06:01
-
• 129 •
7. ?
8. ?
1.
?
2. ( ) ?
3. ?
4. ?
5.
?
6. ( ) ?
1.
?
2.
?
?
3. ( ) ?
4. ?
5. ( ) ?
6. ?
7. ?
8. ?
HEPA ?
9. ?
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
22
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:129biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:129 27.9.2005 9:06:0327.9.2005 9:06:03
-
• 130 •
4.
?
5. (domestic and clerical staff)
?
6.
?
7.
?
8.
?
9. ?
10.
?
11. ?
12. ?
13. ?
14. ?
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. HEPA ?
7. ?
8. ?
9. ?
10. ?
11. ?
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:130biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:130 27.9.2005 9:06:0427.9.2005 9:06:04
-
• 131 •
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. ?
8.
?
9. ?
10. ?
11. ?
12. ? ?
13.
?
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. ?
8. ?
9. ?
10. ?
11. ?
12. ?
22
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:131biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:131 27.9.2005 9:06:0527.9.2005 9:06:05
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:132biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:132 27.9.2005 9:06:0727.9.2005 9:06:07
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:133biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:133 27.9.2005 9:06:0727.9.2005 9:06:07
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:134biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:134 27.9.2005 9:06:0827.9.2005 9:06:08
-
• 135 •
1. Safety in health-care laboratories. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1997, (http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1997/WHO_LAB_97.1.pdf).
2. Garner JS, Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals. American Journal of Infection Control, 1996, 24:24–52, (http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/isolat/isolat.htm).
3. Hunt GJ, Tabachnick WJ. Handling small arbovirus vectors safely during biosafety level 3 containment: Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and exotic blue-tongue viruses. Journal of Medical Entomology, 1996, 33:271–277.
4. National Research Council. Occupational health and safety in the care and use of research animals. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1997.
5. Richmond JY, Quimby F. Considerations for working safely with infectious disease agents in research animals. In: Zak O, Sande MA, eds. Handbook of animal models of infection. London, Academic Press, 1999:69–74.
6. Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories, 4th ed. Washington, DC, United States Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Preven-tion/National Institutes of Health, 1999.
7. Class II (laminar fl ow) biohazard cabinetry. Ann Arbor, MI, National Sanitation Foundation, 2002 (NSF/ANSI 49–2002).
8. Richmond JY, McKinney RW. Primary containment for biohazards: selection, installation and use of biological safety cabinets, 2nd ed. Washington, DC, United States Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institutes of Health, 2000.
9. Microbiological safety cabinets. Recommendations for information to be exchanged between purchaser, vendor and installer and recommendations for installation. London, British Standards Institution, 1992 (Standard BS 5726–2:1992).
10. Microbiological safety cabinets. Recommendations for selection, use and maintenance. London, British Standards Institution, 1992 (Standard BS 5726–4:1992).
11. Biological containment cabinets (Class I and II) : installation and fi eld testing. Toronto, Canadian Standards Association, 1995 (Standard Z316.3–95 (R2000) ).
12. Collins CH, Kennedy DA. Laboratory acquired infections: history, incidence, causes and preven-tion, 4th ed. Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.
13. Health Canada. Laboratory biosafety manual, 2nd ed. Ottawa, Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1996.
14. Biological safety cabinets – biological safety cabinets (Class I) for personnel and environment protection. Sydney, Standards Australia International, 1994 (Standard AS 2252.1–1994).
15. Biological safety cabinets – laminar fl ow biological safety cabinets (Class II) for personnel, environment and product protection. Sydney, Standards Australia International, 1994 (Standard AS 2252.2–1994).
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:135biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:135 27.9.2005 9:06:0827.9.2005 9:06:08
-
• 136 •
16. Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand. Biological safety cabinets – installation and use.Sydney, Standards Australia International, 2000 (Standard AS/NZS 2647:2000).
17. Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens. Guidance on the use, testing and maintenance of laboratory and animal fl exible fi lm isolators. London, Health and Safety Executive, 1990.
18. Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand. Safety in laboratories – microbiological aspects and containment facilities. Sydney, Standards Australia International, 2002 (Standard AS/NZS 2243.3:2002).
19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for prevention of HIV trans-mission in health-care settings. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 1987, 36 (Suppl. 2) :1S–18S.
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31. Block SS. Disinfection, sterilization & preservation, 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott Wil-liams & Wilkins, 2001.
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36. Steelman VM. Activity of sterilization processes and disinfectants against prions. In: Rutala WA, eds. Disinfection & sterilization in health care. Champlain, NY, Polyscience, 1997:255–271.
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• 137 •
37. Taylor DM. Transmissible degenerative encephalopathies: inactivation of the unconventional causal agents. In: Russell AD, Hugo WB, Ayliffe GAJ, eds. Disinfection, preservation and steri-lization, 3rd ed. Oxford, Blackwell Scientifi c, 1999:222–236.
38. Infection control guidelines for hand washing, cleaning, disinfection and sterilization in health care, 2nd ed. Ottawa, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Health Canada, 1998.
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46. European Council. Council Directive 98/81/EC of 26 October 1998 amending Directive 90/219/EEC on the contained use of genetically modifi ed microorganisms. Offi cial Journal,1998, L330:13–31.
47. O’Malley BW Jr et al. Limitations of adenovirus-mediated interleukin-2 gene therapy for oral cancer. Laryngoscope, 1999, 109:389–395.
48. World Health Organization. Maintenance and distribution of transgenic mice susceptible to human viruses: memorandum from a WHO meeting. Bulletin of the World Health Organiza-tion, 1993, 71:497–502.
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51. Lewis RJ. Sax’s dangerous properties of industrial materials, 10th ed. Toronto, John Wiley and Sons, 1999.
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-
• 138 •
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2. 1
3. ( 14 )
1 Garner JS, Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals. American Journal of Infection Control, 1996, 24:24-52, (http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/isolat/isolat.htm).
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:138biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:138 27.9.2005 9:06:1027.9.2005 9:06:10
-
• 139 •
2
(
)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:139biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:139 27.9.2005 9:06:1127.9.2005 9:06:11
-
• 140 •
3
WHOWHO
• Biosafety programme, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and
Response, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27,
Switzerland (http://www.who.int/csr/).
• WHO Collaborating Centre for Biological Safety, Swedish Institute for Infectious
Disease Control, Nobels Väg 18, S-171 82 Solna, Sweden
(http://www.smittskyddsinstitutet.se/English/english.htm).
• WHO Collaborating Centre on Biosafety Technology and Consultative Services,
Offi ce of Laboratory Security, Health Canada, 100 Colonnade Road, Loc.: 6201A,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9 (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/ols-bsl).
• WHO Collaborating Centre for Applied Biosafety Programmes and Training,
Offi ce of Health and Safety, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600
Clifton Road, Mailstop F05, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA (http://www.cdc.gov/).
• WHO Collaborating Centre for Applied Biosafety Programmes and Research,
Division of Occupational Health and Safety, Offi ce of Research Services, National Insti-
tutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 13/3K04 13 South Drive
MSC 5760, Bethesda, MD 20892-5760, USA (http://www.nih.gov/) .
• WHO Collaborating Centre for Biosafety, Victorian Infectious Diseases Refer-
ence Laboratory, 10 Wreckyn St, Nth Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia. Postal
address: Locked Bag 815, PO Carlton Sth, Victoria 3053, Australia (http://www.
vidrl.org.au/).
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:140biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:140 27.9.2005 9:06:1127.9.2005 9:06:11
-
• 141 •
4
( 11 )
A4-1
A4-1
•
•
•
•
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:141biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:141 27.9.2005 9:06:1227.9.2005 9:06:12
-
• 142 •
•
•
• ( ) (30 min)
• HEPA
•
•
•
•
•
• O
• 30 min
•
•
•
•
•
•
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:142biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:142 27.9.2005 9:06:1327.9.2005 9:06:13
-
• 143 •
( )• O
•
•
•
•
•
•
A4-2
4
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:143biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:143 27.9.2005 9:06:1427.9.2005 9:06:14
-
• 144 •
A4-2
•
•
•
•
•
•
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:144biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:144 27.9.2005 9:06:1427.9.2005 9:06:14
-
• 145 •
5
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:145biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:145 27.9.2005 9:06:1527.9.2005 9:06:15
-
• 146 •
2‚4-
C6H
3(N
O2)
2-N
HN
H2
1--2
‚4-
: 200
°C;
;,
2- (CH
3)2C
HO
H: -
89°C
: 82
°C,
: 112
°C :2.
3-12
.7
;;
,70
-85
o- (C6H
3-(3
CH
3)-
(4N
H2)
) 23
3-
-(1
1-
)-4
4-
: 131
°C: 2
00°C
;
()
;
A5-
1( (
)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:146biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:146 27.9.2005 9:06:1527.9.2005 9:06:15
-
• 147 •
5
: -78
°C: -
33°C
25: -
58°C
: 38
°C
: 15-
28,
;
()
C6H
6
: 6°C
: 80
°C
,,
;
;
:-11
°C
1.3-
8
,;
;
(
)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:147biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:147 27.9.2005 9:06:1727.9.2005 9:06:17
-
• 148 •
C6H
5NH
2
: -6
°C: 1
85°C
;: 7
0°C
: 1.2
-11
,
,
,
C6H
5OH
: 41
°C: 1
82°C
;
,, :
;
: 80
°C :1.
7-6
;;
;,
;
;,
,30
070 30
,
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:148biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:148 27.9.2005 9:06:1827.9.2005 9:06:18
-
• 149 •
5
C5H
5N: 4
2°C
: 115
°C (
)
: 20
°C
1.8-
12.4
,
CH
3CO
CH
3
: -95
°C: 5
6°C
: -18
°C: 2
.2-
12.8
;;
,
, (
)
CH
2C
HC
HO
: -87
°C: 5
3°C
;
;
:-26
°C: 2
.8-
31
;,
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:149biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:149 27.9.2005 9:06:2027.9.2005 9:06:20
-
• 150 •
HO
2CC
O2H
: 190
°C;
; ,
;;
(10
-14
)N
aOC
l
;,
;(
),
;;
;
;;
;
;
;
TlC
2H3O
2
: 110
°C;
;
;;
,:
;
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:150biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:150 27.9.2005 9:06:2127.9.2005 9:06:21
-
• 151 •
5
I 2
: 114
°C: 1
84°C
;
()
N3N
a: 3
00°C
; ;
,;
;; ,
;
;
11
--
44
-: 1
28°C
: 400
°C
,,
()
;;
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:151biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:151 27.9.2005 9:06:2327.9.2005 9:06:23
-
C4H
8O2
14-
: 12
°C: 1
01°C
,
,
;,
,
(CH
3)2N
H
: -93
°C
: 7 °
C
: -26
°C
2.8-
14 : -
18 °
C
;,
;;
• 152 •
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:152biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:152 27.9.2005 9:06:2427.9.2005 9:06:24
-
• 153 •
5
()
C6H
4(C
H3)
2: -
95-
-13
°C : 1
36-
145
°C;
;
: 27-
32 °
C
;
;
ClO
2
: -59
°C
: 10
°C
;
()
CO
2
-79
°C
;;
;,
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:153biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:153 27.9.2005 9:06:2627.9.2005 9:06:26
-
• 154 •
HC
lO4
;
;
,;
,;
;,
:
;
,
KM
nO
4: 2
40 °
C
()
;;
CrO
3
: 197
°C
250
°C,
(
)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:154biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:154 27.9.2005 9:06:2727.9.2005 9:06:27
-
• 155 •
5
Hg
()
: -39
°C
: 357
°C
;;
; ;;
;;
;
H2O
2: -
39 °
C
(70
) : 125
°C
(7
0)
(60
)
(6
)
;
;, ;
20
()
;
()
,
; ()
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:155biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:155 27.9.2005 9:06:2827.9.2005 9:06:28
-
• 156 •
C7H
8
: -95
°C
: 111
°C
,
: 4 °
C :1.
4-7 :
()
;; ;
;;
CH
3OH
: -98
°C
: 65
°C
,: -
16 °
C
7-37
,
;;
;
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:156biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:156 27.9.2005 9:06:3027.9.2005 9:06:30
-
• 157 •
5
(37-
41 11-
14)
HC
HO
: 96
°C;
;
: ;
; ;
: 50
°C (
);
,21
°C
21-
25 °C
; (
1-5
) (
5-25
)
44
--
(NN
-)
;
: 136
°C
;;
;
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:157biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:157 27.9.2005 9:06:3127.9.2005 9:06:31
-
• 158 •
C6H
2(N
O2)
3OH
24
6-
: 122
°C
;
;
H3P
O4
: 42
°C
213
°C
;, ;
,
;
H2S
;: -
85 °
C: -
60 °
C
,: 4
.3-
46
,,
,
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:158biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:158 27.9.2005 9:06:3227.9.2005 9:06:32
-
• 159 •
5
H2S
O4
;
: 10
°C (
)34
0 °C
15
; ;;
,
;(
),
;;
,
Cl 2
: -10
1 °C
: -34
°C
(RA
DS) ;
; (
)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:159biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:159 27.9.2005 9:06:3327.9.2005 9:06:33
-
• 160 •
()
C10
H9N
N-
--
N-
--
- : 50
°C:
301
°C- : 1
13 °
C:
306
°C
;
;
KO
H
: 360
°C
: 132
0 °C
;,
;(
), ,
;;
( )
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:160biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:160 27.9.2005 9:06:3527.9.2005 9:06:35
-
• 161 •
5
NaO
H
: 318
°C
: 139
0 °C
5,
;
; ;
,
;(
),
;-
NaC
N
: 563
°C
: 149
6 °C
,; ; ,
;
(H
CN
) ;
()
24;
;
24h
;
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:161biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:161 27.9.2005 9:06:3627.9.2005 9:06:36
-
• 162 •
CH
Cl 3
: -63
°C
: 61
°C;
;
()
CC
l 3C
OO
H
: 58
°C: 1
97.5
°C
;
()
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:162biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:162 27.9.2005 9:06:3727.9.2005 9:06:37
-
• 163 •
5
CH
ClC
Cl 2
: -73
°C
: 87
°C
;
,;
,
(;
; (
);
CC
l 4
: -23
°C
: 76.
5 °C
,;
,,
;
;;
;
;,
,
(,
) (
)
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:163biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:163 27.9.2005 9:06:3827.9.2005 9:06:38
-
• 164 •
C4H
8O:-
108.
5 °C
: 66
°C
,
: -14
°C
,
,
OsO
4
: 40
°C: 1
30 °
C,
;
;
,;
;;
:
,
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:164biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:164 27.9.2005 9:06:4027.9.2005 9:06:40
-
• 165 •
5
Cu
: 108
3 °C
: 256
7 °C
()
P2O
5
: 340
°C
:360
°C
( )
;,
;
;
OH
C(C
H2)
3CH
O
: -14
°C
: 189
°C
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:165biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:165 27.9.2005 9:06:4127.9.2005 9:06:41
-
• 166 •
Se,
:17
0-21
7 °C
: 685
°C
;
()
; ;50
°C
()
(A-J
) :
;;
C6H
5NO
2
: 6 °
C: 2
11 °
C:
: 88
°C
()
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:166biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:166 27.9.2005 9:06:4227.9.2005 9:06:42
-
• 167 •
5
(50-
70)
HN
O3
: -42
°C
: 83-
121
°C
;;
;
;
, ;
;
AgN
O3
: 212
°C
: 444
°C
,
;
;
()
,; ;
;
,
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:167biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:167 27.9.2005 9:06:4327.9.2005 9:06:43
-
• 168 •
Br 2
: -7.
2 °C
: 58.
8 °C
,
,,
BrC
N
: 52
°C: 6
1 °C
,
,,
K2T
eO3
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:168biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:168 27.9.2005 9:06:4427.9.2005 9:06:44
-
• 169 •
5
NaH
SeO
3;
;
;;
(10
-37
)H
Cl
: -12
1 °C
;;
;
;;
()
()
,;
O2
:-21
8.4
°C: -
183
°C
,,
,
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:169biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:169 27.9.2005 9:06:4527.9.2005 9:06:45
-
• 170 •
CH
3CH
2OH
: -11
7 °C
: 79
°C
‚: 1
2 °C
:3-
19
;
H2N
CH
2CH
2OH
2-: 1
0 °C
: 171
°C
: 85
°C
CH
3CN
: -46
°C
: 82
°C
: 12.
8 °C
: 3.0
-16
,,
,
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:170biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:170 27.9.2005 9:06:4727.9.2005 9:06:47
-
• 171 •
5
C2H
5OC
2H5
;: -
116
°C: 3
4 °C
: -45
°C
1.7-
48
;;
;;
CH
3CH
O
: -12
1 °C
: 21
°C
;
: -39
°C
4-57
,
HC
CH
: -81
°C
:-84
°C
2.5-
100
,
, ,
;
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:171biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:171 27.9.2005 9:06:4827.9.2005 9:06:48
-
• 172 •
CH
3CO
2H: 1
7 °C
: 118
°C
;;
: 40
°C
5.4-
16
;,
(C
H3C
O) 2
O
: -73
°C
: 139
°C
: 49
°C
2.7-
10.3
;
Ag
: 962
°C
: 221
2 °C
()
()
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:172biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:172 27.9.2005 9:06:4927.9.2005 9:06:49
-
• 173 •
5
C9H
6O4
241
°C
0.5
;
: 39
°C;
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:173biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:173 27.9.2005 9:06:5027.9.2005 9:06:50
-
1‚ 1 - -4‚ 4 - 151
1- -2‚ 4- 146
2‚ 4‚ 6- ( ) 108‚ 158
2‚ 4- 146
2- 170
3‚ 3 - - (1‚ 1 - ) -4‚ 4 -
146
4‚ 4 - - (N‚ N- ) 157
25-27
26
BSCs :
GMOs :
HEPA :
K12 101
N- - - 160
N- - - 160
o- 146
pUC18 101
WHO 140
125-131
:
14, 126
147
95, 96
33
8
108, 144
70
147
148
148
149
69
75
69, 75, 97
75
8
69
75
69
74
69, 75
94-97
75
74-76
101
102
74
74, 144
157
158
102
75
80, 95
71, 75
79
86-88, 89
11-12
20
25
150
51
142
63, 73, 142
142
11, 30
86
125
• 174 •
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:174biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:174 27.9.2005 9:06:5127.9.2005 9:06:51
-
• 175 •
109, 128
125
128
12
(TSEs) 76
29-31
32
9-19
84
( ) 83-85, 88, 161
150
12, 20
87, 151
87
19, 105, 144
127
14 26
29 30
151
103, 165
29
28
102
28-32
: 29
: 29
: 30
: 31
28
32
(ABSL) 28
72
143
111
151
86, 89
9
133
1, 3, 9-18
29
11-14, 15
41-42
16
:
152
153
(NaDCC) 85
85, 154
( ) 154
152
163
( ) 20, 64-66
82, 86-88
25-27
25
:
25
26
( ) 1, 3,
20-23
20
20-21 23
21
22, 24
43
28
:
14, 22
114
66
113-114
113
17-19
29, 30, 31
26
17, 22
17, 22, 92
31
77
114
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:175biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:175 27.9.2005 9:06:5327.9.2005 9:06:53
-
• 176 •
89
86
19, 92
30, 92
25
85, 88
19, 111-114
111
111-112
131
114
113
113
62, 63
74
142
:
18
70
70
:
18, 21
70, 81
130
12, 79, 96-97
70, 79
70
108, 154
155
88
(HEPA)
29
51-56
: 22
: 26
77
18, 90-93
62, 90-93
30
14, 16, 22, 27
25-27
90
90
90
90
90-93
16
29, 30
65
62, 63
64-66
30
9-11
60
129
20-22
25, 26
77
154
119
29
12, 13
12
:
34
51-57
25
:
14, 22
155
(UNCETDG) 94
(IATA) 94
(ICAO) 94
94
66
88, 171
88, 89
119
65
( ) 19, 107-109
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:176biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:176 27.9.2005 9:06:5627.9.2005 9:06:56
-
• 177 •
56
108, 144
107
107
131
145-173
108
107
107-108
82, 84-88
11
:
125
20, 33, 42
58, 70
144
21, 110
110, 144
79
128
25-27
( )
1, 9-19
19
9-12
12-14
14-16
16
38-42
16
18-19
102
101-102
14, 138
138
81
102
86
12
155
157
85, 88, 157
36
36
36
38-43
119
16
139
22, 24
64, 74
72
12
12, 28
32
157
79-81
79-81
: 25, 28
79
79-81
29, 30
9-11, 20, 27
22, 60
82
(CJD) 76
:
: (HEPA)
108, 158
32
142
32
74-76, 142
79
22
144
63-65
11, 63-65
25, 30
158
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:177biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:177 27.9.2005 9:06:5827.9.2005 9:06:58
-
• 178 •
29
12, 26
172
158
154
29, 30
32
111
84-85, 160
84, 85
162
168
15, 63
28
12, 20, 26
171
139
( ) 11, 65
110
26, 82-93
82, 84
82
89-93
77
:
82
160
12, 29
(HVAC) 21
126
29
21, 25, 51-56
20, 21
26
26
74-76
120-121
30, 32
60
47
16
142
64
70
79
:
32
( ) 84-85, 88, 161
65
15, 63
2, 21
21, 60
29, 30
51, 56
: 25
: 25-27
2
51
15, 51
63
79
62
26
109, 128-129
14
12, 20
79
161
161
97
89
60, 89
74
82
12, 26
89
88-90
77
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:178biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:178 27.9.2005 9:07:0127.9.2005 9:07:01
-
• 179 •
19, 21
:
125, 131
60
119
82-84
74
161
56
89-93
89
89
12
47
125-126
:
139
12
117
119
:
58-60
36
79
19
63
18, 63
69, 74, 94
66
76-79
18
29
66, 72, 74
18,
63
94, 96
: 1, 3, 20-23
30
20-21
43
:
86
162
163
82
82, 84-88
32
: 12-14
: 20-22, 23
: 25-27
33
: 12-14
: 20-22, 23
: 25-27
1
13
47
47-48
16, 117
(BSCs) 51-60, 62
56
29
58
51, 56
51-55, 56
A1 54
A2. B1 B2 55
56
25-27
60, 89
:
22, 57
58
77
15, 20, 21
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:179biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:179 27.9.2005 9:07:0327.9.2005 9:07:03
-
• 180 •
57-60, 70
51, 56
117-118
101
82
9, 11, 20, 29
84
51, 52
:
47-48
36
33-34
:
125
38-43
126
69-77
12
:
12, 117
16, 120
12, 117
12
11, 12, 29, 70
11
(WHO)
140
25
11
144
:
:
79
15
33-34
33
9, 60, 65, 66
25, 30
142
51
: 1, 3, 25-27
32-33
25-27
:
163
163
163
163-164
( ) 108
29
79
70-72
88
108
74-76
12, 20
111
28, 30
15
144
24
26
25
74-76
165
74
64, 65
9
2-3
1-2
2, 8
28
102-103
(GMT) 9-12,
69-77
:
62, 64
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:180biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:180 27.9.2005 9:07:0527.9.2005 9:07:05
-
• 181 •
64, 65
119
:
12, 26
32
165
100, 165-166
166
11, 66, 89
29
12, 20, 29
166
74
82-93
60
84-88
82
82
89-93
97
19
:
82, 84-88
166
167
167
32
11, 20, 25, 65
:
12
167
168
74-76
72
88
168
168
168
11, 63-65, 70
142-143
16
170
63, 74
: 1, 3, 9-19
29
12-14
38-40
16
:
(ABSL) 28
3
1-3
21, 24
:
14-16
21
81
150-144
:
19, 62-66
130
15, 64, 62
62
70
69
15, 62, 63, 69
11, 63
16, 69
101
(GMOs) 101-103
103
102-103
101-102
88
( ) 86-88, 170
170
158
171
157
158
157
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:181biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:181 27.9.2005 9:07:0827.9.2005 9:07:08
-
• 182 •
157
(2- ) 86, 146
( ) 86, 146
128
79
58
76
108
11, 70
172
11, 12, 29
11
172
16, 130
82, 84
64, 74, 142
12, 94-97
19, 21
94
69, 74
94, 96
79, 80
101
111
12, 14, 126
11, 74, 141
17
70-72
21, 63
144
101, 102
DNA 101, 103
11, 18
102
101, 102
74
75
:
58
79, 80
76-77
76
74, 142
( )
1, 3, 25-27
25
25-27
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:182biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:182 27.9.2005 9:07:1027.9.2005 9:07:10
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:183biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:183 27.9.2005 9:07:1227.9.2005 9:07:12
-
biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:184biosafety_ch.indd Sec2:184 27.9.2005 9:07:1227.9.2005 9:07:12