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Energy Balances, Energy Accounts and the world beyond

Wolfgang Bittermann12th Meeting of the London City Group 17 – 19/12/2007

© STATISTICS AUSTRIA

information

We provide

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The actual program

1. Energy balances following the IEA/EUROSTAT methodology Annually calculated since 1970 (1997) Territory principle All transformation processes Transportation functionally defined In physical and energetic units Sectoral breakdown following IEA/EUROSTAT

2. Energy accounts for NAMEAs Work will start 2008 (founded by EUROSTAT) and than

annual calculation. Residence principle Transformation processes relevant only for main producers Secondary fuels only relevant if purchased In physical, energetic and monetary units National account concepts but energy services excluded

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The world beyond

3. Bridge Tables between Energy Balances and SNA as basis to calculate fully SNA compatible Energy Balances and Energy Accounts

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The 4 fundamental questions

1. Why we should do that exercise?

2. How we could do it?

3. What could be the results?

4. Who should do it?

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Why?

To avoid confusion To improve quality

of primary data used of models used

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How?

1. To identify the differences between the two balance frameworks

2. To harmonize

1. data sources (as far as possible)

2. the balance structures,

3. the fuel aggregation and

4. the fuel quantities taken into account

3. To convert the fuel aggregates derived from the EBs into monetary units and harmonize them with energy goods like they are used in the SNA

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The Differences 1The Differences 1

Energy balances/accounts and I/O tables follow Energy balances/accounts and I/O tables follow different balance schemes butdifferent balance schemes but

different aggregates are named equally different aggregates are named equally

identical aggregates are integrated in different identical aggregates are integrated in different manner into the balance equationsmanner into the balance equations

They have different fuel definitions becauseThey have different fuel definitions because

SNA includes energy services which are SNA includes energy services which are excluded from energy balancesexcluded from energy balances

SNA definitions belongs to economic activities SNA definitions belongs to economic activities while EB definitions are linked with the chemical while EB definitions are linked with the chemical and physical worldand physical world

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The Differences 2The Differences 2

They include different quantities becauseThey include different quantities because

SNA includes only purchased quantities while SNA includes only purchased quantities while EBs include all quantities usedEBs include all quantities used

SNA excludes cost free fuel types while EBs SNA excludes cost free fuel types while EBs include all fuels consumedinclude all fuels consumed

They use different units soThey use different units so

The world of EBs is “simple” by using 3 physical The world of EBs is “simple” by using 3 physical and one energetic unit only while SNA uses and one energetic unit only while SNA uses manifold prices including/excluding taxes, manifold prices including/excluding taxes, subsidies and related servicessubsidies and related services

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The Balance Schemes

Energy balancesEnergy balances

Primary Production(PP) Primary Production(PP) +Imports+Imports

+/- Stock Changes+/- Stock Changes-Exports-Exports

==Gross inland Gross inland consumptionconsumption==

Transform. input (TI)Transform. input (TI)-Transform. output (TO)-Transform. output (TO)+Use of energy sector+Use of energy sector

+Non energy use+Non energy use+Final energy use +Final energy use

SNASNA

Production (PP + Production (PP + TOTO))+Imports+Imports

==

Intermediate consumption Intermediate consumption (TI+UES+FEU-PC)(TI+UES+FEU-PC)

+ Exports+ Exports+/-Stock changes+/-Stock changes

+Private consumption (PC)+Private consumption (PC)

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The Harmonization 1The Harmonization 1

Step 1 is to bridge the sectoral breakdown of Step 1 is to bridge the sectoral breakdown of EBs following the IEA/EUROSTAT/UNECE EBs following the IEA/EUROSTAT/UNECE breakdown with the NACE 2digit levelbreakdown with the NACE 2digit level

Step 2 is to convert EBs balance structure Step 2 is to convert EBs balance structure into IO structureinto IO structure

IP Indigenious production of primary fuels, TI Transformation input, ESC Energy sector IP Indigenious production of primary fuels, TI Transformation input, ESC Energy sector consumption, L Losses, NEU Non energy use, FEU Final energy useconsumption, L Losses, NEU Non energy use, FEU Final energy use, TO , TO Transformation output, I Imports, E ExportsTransformation output, I Imports, E Exports

Step 3 is to identify the fuels and fuel quantities Step 3 is to identify the fuels and fuel quantities not taken into account in the SNAnot taken into account in the SNA

““cost free” fuelscost free” fuels non purchased quantitiesnon purchased quantities

EFESCSNACENACENACE

)95()FEUNEULETI(I )OS-OS-CCS(TA)(IP99

01

93

01(C)(P)(C)(P)

93

01

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The Harmonization 2The Harmonization 2

Step 4 is to aggregate/separate EB fuels to SNA Step 4 is to aggregate/separate EB fuels to SNA fuelsfuels

CPA 10: Coal and lignite; peatCPA 10: Coal and lignite; peatCPA 11: Crude petroleum and natural gasCPA 11: Crude petroleum and natural gasCPA 12: Uranium and thorium oresCPA 12: Uranium and thorium oresCPA 23: Coke-refined petroleum products and CPA 23: Coke-refined petroleum products and

nuclear fuelnuclear fuelCPA 401: Electrical energy and electrical supply CPA 401: Electrical energy and electrical supply

servicesservicesCPA 402: Gas (excluding natural gas, gas from crude CPA 402: Gas (excluding natural gas, gas from crude

petroleum and other gaseous petroleum and other gaseous hydrocarbons); hydrocarbons);

supply servicessupply servicesCPA 403: District heating and servicesCPA 403: District heating and services

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What? – 4 Table sets and their structure

Table set 1 is given in physical and energetic units includes all fuels of EB but follows the resident principle, excludes autoproducer transformation and are broken down by NACE 2 digit, as basis for NAMEA Air (= Net Energy Accounts)

Table set 2 includes only fuels and quantities incorporated into I/O tables broken down by SNA sectors and is given in physical, energetic and monetary units

Table set 3 follows additionally the fuel aggregation of SNA and is given in energetic and monetary units

Table set 4 gives the energy flow in I/O format and in monetary units only, as basis for SNA calculation

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Who?

Methodology has to be developed by Energy statisticians together with I/O experts by establishing bridge tables for the 4 years available (1999 – 2002) in which SNA and EBs using (partially) the same data sources

The calculation of SNA-compatible energy balances in physical and monetary units have to be done by energy statisticians because the EB calculation is 3 – 5 years ahead the I/O calculation

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Thank you for your

attention

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