IBM Power Systems and IBM Storage Technical University

New Generation of

Storage Tiering:Simpler Management, Lower Costs and Increased Performance

Tony PearsonMaster Inventor and Senior IT Architect,IBM Corporation

Abstract

Confused on how to implement storage tiering between Flash, Disk, Tape storage system resources?

This session will cover the various techniques and technologies available.

2

This week with Tony Pearson

Day Time Topic

Monday 10:15amBusiness Continuity – The seven tiers of business continuity and disaster recovery

1:45pm IBM’s Cloud Storage Options

4:30pmIntroduction to IBM Cloud Object Storage System and its Applications (powered by Cleversafe)

Tuesday 10:15amThe Pendulum Swings Back – Understanding Converged and Hyperconverged Environments

11:30amNew generation of storage tiering: Simpler management, Lower costs and Increased performance

3:15pmIntroduction to IBM Cloud Object Storage System and its Applications (powered by Cleversafe)

Wednesday9:00am

IBM Spectrum Scale for Volume, File and Object Storage

3

Is your data on the right storage tier?

• Requirements change over time

• Data owners are risk averse

• Users don’t see the total cost

• Rationing resources is unpopular

… but the biggest challenge has been:

• No objective way to determine what the ‘right tier’should be!

…so data stays on top tier storage (expensive)

• Resources that should be spent on innovation are wasted on infrastructure inefficiencies

50-60%

Optimal Storage Tier Distribution

�Tier 0

�Tier 2

�Tier 3

�Tier 1

20-25%

15-20%

1-5%

�-�0 �-�1%

Typical Storage Tier Distribution

70%

�Tier 0

�Tier 2

�Tier 3

�Tier 1

4

Too Many Critical Storage Projects and…No Budget to Implement

Top Storage Pain Points Top Storage Projects

How do I fix these problems? How do I fund

these projects?

5

Storage Tiers –A trade-off between performance and cost

Server

Cache, Flashand Solid-State Drives

Hard Disk Drives

Automated Tape

Manual Tape

FasterPerformance

LowerCost

Technologies allow us to place and move data to the

appropriate storage tier to balance between

performance and cost

6

Four Fundamental Truths of Storage Tiering

• All data is not created equal

• Information changes in business value and in service level requirements over time

• IT resources should be allocated according to the value of information

• Information must be managed throughout its entire lifespan … data outlives media

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 w 2 w 3 w 4 w 3 m 6 m 9 m 1 yr 2 yr 5 yr 10 yr

Da

ta V

alu

e

Age of Data

Machine data

Email

EMR

Database

Surveillance Video

7

Tiered Information Environment

A tiered information environment aligns IT resources with Business Value and Service Levels required

Best Practices

1. Align information with business requirements to determine 3-5 Information Classes

2. Establish policies to map information to a Class of Service

• Initial placement• Subsequent movement• Backups, archives, mirroring• Disposal, destruction, deletion

3. Establish well differentiated tiers of information infrastructure associated with each service level

Mission Critical

Business Critical

Business Operational

General Business

app/data type

Platinum Gold Silver BronzeInfrastructure Classes

of Service

InformationManagement

Characteristics

Client SW: Backup, Compliance, SRM, Storage Access, Replication

Device Mgmt SW: SAN hardware, Storage Arrays

Storage Virtualization

Storage Hardware: Disk, Tape, Storage Networking

Infrastructure / Tactical Components

Policies & Governance

app/data type

app/data type

app/data type

app/data type

app/data type

Policies / ISSC / Information Management

8

Introducing I/O Density – Performance measurement

9

• For each LUN, the amount of IOPS is divided by

the amount of resident data

• IOPS = I/O (read/write) per second

• IO Density = IOPS per Terabyte of data for a given

volume

• What is I/O Density?

• I/O Density (IOPS/TB) provides a level-set view of

performance regardless of volume size allowing a

uniform unit of measurement for analysis

• IOPS and TB tend to grow at similar rates, keeping

IO Density constant for each application

• The I/O Density value is the peak value of the averages

taken for the hour or day, depending on the sampling

chosen (Daily, Hourly or Sample Average).

• Daily Average has thus far proven the most reliable

indicator of future re-tiering results

• Hourly Average useful for brief but intense high-demand

workloads

*

Note:I/O Density can be represented per TB or per GB

700 IOPS/TB = 0.7 IOPS/GB

The Many Forms of Tiering – Single System Optimization

Low-latency DRAM and Flash

Solid State Drives (SSD)

Enterprise Disk(15K and 10K)

Nearline Disk(7200 RPM)

Automated TapeLibraries

FlashSystem V9000with External Disk

DS8000 Disk System

SAN Volume Controller

Storwize

$$$

10

I/O Density for Different Disk Technologies

1000

700

500

100

10

1

146GB15K

300GB15K

600GB10K

900GB10K

3 TB7200

4 TB7200

73GB15K

I/O Density(IOPS / TB)

Spinning disks get larger in capacity, but the overall IOPS per spindle remains

constant, causing lower I/O density

* Typical values, drives may vary

RPM IOPS/drive

15K 175-210

10K 125-150

7200 75-100

11

Automated Sub-LUN Tiering within Storage Array

Flash andSolid-State Drives

Enterprise HDD15K and 10K rpm

Nearline HDD7200 rpm

Problem:

� SSDs appear more expensive than traditional disks (per GB)

� Without optimization tools, clients have been over-provisioning them

� Administrators spend too much time monitoring, reporting, and tuning tiers

Solution:

� Three data relocation functions that enable smart data placement and movement to optimize SSD deployments with minimal costs

– Entire-LUN Relocation

– Sub-LUN Automatic Movement

– Re-balancing Intra-Tier Extent Pool

12

IBM Easy Tier®• Pools can have mixed media

– Tier 0 (High Performance) Flash

– Tier 1 (High Capacity, Read-Intensive) Flash

– Enterprise HDD (15K and 10K RPM)

– Nearline HDD (7200 RPM)

• Easy Tier measures and manages activity

– 24 hour learning period

– Every five minutes: up to 8 extents moved

• Hottest Extents moved up to faster tiers

• Coldest Extents moved down to slowest tiers

– New allocations placed initially on fastest HDD

• A small amount of Flash (as little as 2-3%) can dramatically reduce response times and increase IOPS throughput

• Storage Tier Advisory Tool can estimate benefits of adding Flash before purchase!

Flash and SSD

Enterprise HDD

Nearline HDD

13

Flash and Solid State Drive Options – Tier 0 vs Tier 1

Tier 0 (High performance)

• Due to repetitive ‘write-erase’ cycles, flash drives have a life span or ‘write-endurance’

• Most current “write intensive" flash drives have endurance that allows up to 10-25 Drive Writes per Day (DWPD)

• For example, with a 700GB flash drive, you can write up to 7 TB on that one drive in a day and maintain the usable capacity for 5 years

Tier 1 (High Capacity, Read-Intensive)

• Flash drive vendors have engineered a lower cost drive, qualified for up to 1-5 DWPD

• Often called “read intensive” (RI) flash drives

• One DWPD drives can meet the vast majority of workload demands

• IBM and competitors are aggressively moving to all-flash arrays with extensive use of read intensive drives for competitive reasons

Original (1050 GB)

Tier 0 – Sold as 700GB with extra … ���� 350GB for 10 DWPD

Tier 1 – Sold as 1000GB …with only 50GB extra for 1 DWPD����

14

Workload skew from different client environments

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of extents

Co

mu

lati

ve P

erc

en

tag

e o

f A

cti

vit

y

Mainframe1 - Small IOs Mainframe1 - MB Mainframe2 - Small IOs Mainframe2 - MBMainframe 3 - Small IOs Mainframe3 - MB Open1 - Small IOs Open1 - MBOpen2 - Small IOs Open2 - MB Open3 - Small IOs Open3 - MB

Nearline

Enterprise

SSD

Source: Internal IBM lab tests

15

Easy Tier Application Transaction Improvement

16

Application

Transactions

Easy Tier

Learning

Easy Tier

In Action

240% from

Original

brokerage

transaction

� No change to the database or application

� No work required to identify active indexes or I/O profiles

� No manual movement of files or volumes

� Just turn it on and let it work!

16

Flash only pool

Easy Tier pool

HDD only pool

ERP

FlashSystemStorwize / XIV /

DS8000

Spectrum Virtualize

SCM SRM CRM BW

Production DB servers

Non-prod DB servers

ERP SCM … … …

• Put DB with a high IO/s per TB

ratio on Flash only

• Put Production DB

on Easy Tier™ tiered storage

• Put Non-production DBs

on HDD only

Spectrum Virtualize storage pools

Best Practices – Three Pools

17

The Many Forms of Tiering – Datacenter Optimization

Low-latency DRAM and Flash

Solid State Drives (SSD)

Enterprise Disk(15K and 10K)

Nearline Disk(7200 RPM)

Automated TapeLibraries

$$

$$$

IBM Spectrum Control

IBM Spectrum VirtualizeData

cen

ter

Op

tim

izati

on

18

Realize Cost-Savings through Right-Tiering of Data Storage

19

Problem:

� High-end disk arrays are expensive

� Difficult to identify which data should be moved

� Manually re-locating LUNs is time-consuming and disruptive

IBM Intelligent ILM Implementation Phases

1. Understand Client Data

2. Implement Tiering & Lifecycle Policies

TapeArchiveTier 3Tier 2Tier 1

3. Automate Lifecycle Management

• Analyze your data usage patterns and provides recommendations on how to cost-effectively store your data using storage tiers

• Define and implement storage tiers with policies on where to place your data initially and when to move it based on its changing business value

• Automate the movement of your data, without disruption or downtime, to lower cost storage tiers based on pre-defined policies and your business priorities

20

Where Does Your Data Belong?

1000

700

500

100

10

1

I/O Density(IOPS / TB)

Different data have different I/O densities

Intelligent Information Lifecycle Management (IILM) Identifies the I/O density of your existing

data to help relocate data to more cost effective storage

4%Tier 0>1000

2%Tier 1A

700-1000

3%Tier 1B500-700

20%Tier 2

100-500

42%Tier 310-100

24%Archive

<10

5%Inactive

* Typical percentages, client data may vary

21

1. Understand Your Data –

Intelligent Information Lifecycle Management (IILM) services

Intelligent Information Lifecycle Management (IILM) - simulates savings by analyzing historical data usage patterns in existing environment

•Using IBM Spectrum Control or similar tools, the IBM team can identify the volumes and TB that will be analyzed over period of 30 days

– IOPS average will be based on calculations using 96-288 samples taken for each volume throughout a 24-hour period.

– Often, IBM team finds volumes of data that were totally inactive during the analyzed period. This is not unknown access, but known zero access

•Based on this performance data collected from the storage environment, the analysis determines the average Indicative Tier Distribution for the volumes

Tier IOPS/

TBDaily TB

Daily %

Hourly TB

Hourly %

Tier 0 > 1000 17.61 1% 102.25 4%

Tier 1a 700-1000 11.31 0% 40.75 2%

Tier 1b 550-700 19.08 1% 61.87 3%

Tier 2 100-500 225.95 10% 473.55 20%

Tier 3 10-100 1147.23 50% 1010.86 42%

Archive <10 763.10 33% 579.83 24%

Inactive 0 120.42 5% 123.65 5%

Indicative Tier Distribution

Tier 0 Tier 1a

Tier 1b Tier 2

Tier 3 Nearline

Inactive

22

2. Implement Tiering & Lifecycle Policies

23

Purchase additional Tier 0(Cache, Flash, SSD) for most demanding I/O densities

Purchase additional Tier 2 and 3for less demanding I/O densities

IBM Virtual Storage Center (VSC)

Optimize Your ResourcesOptimize Your Resources

Automate Your Workloads Automate Your Workloads

Sim

plif

ied

M

an

ag

em

en

tS

imp

lifie

d

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

ComputeCompute StorageStorage NetworkNetwork

� APIs� Orchestration� Service Levels

� Standard Interfaces� Provisioning� Virtualization

ControlPlane

DataPlane

SANStorage Virtualization

IBM Spectrum Virtualize•IBM SAN Volume Controller •IBM Storwize V7000 / V5000•IBM FlashSystem V9000

Snapshot Data Protection

Storage Optimization, Provisioning andTransformation

Infrastructure Resource Management

IBM Spectrum Control•Data and storage management•Storage analytics engine

One or more

24

IBM Spectrum Control and Virtual Storage Center

IBM Virtual Storage Center

• Storage Analytics• Policy-based

Automation• Service level

provisioning

IBM Spectrum Control Advanced Edition

IBM Spectrum Control Base Edition• VMware

IBM Spectrum Virtualize

IBM Spectrum Control Standard Edition• Capacity Planning

and Provisioning• Performance

Monitoring and Alerts

IBM Copy Services Manager

Base Edition

IBM Spectrum Snapshot

StandardEdition

IBM Spectrum Snapshot

StandardEdition

IBM Spectrum Control Storage Insights

• Reclaim space• Optimize data

placement• Monitor capacity

and performance

On-premises

Off-premises

25

3. Automate Lifecycle Policies

SSD

Ent HDD

NL HDD

SSD

Ent HDD

NL HDD

NL HDD

SAN

Solution:

� IBM Spectrum Virtualize™ can manage hundreds of arrays (IBM and non-IBM)

� IBM Spectrum Control Advanced Edition recommends and performs up-tier and down-tier moves based on I/O Density and Age of the data

� Move LUNs non-disruptively within and acrossarrays

26

IBM Global Account (IGA)

�As part of a technology refresh, IBM internally transformed its heavily Tier 1 environment to a 4-tier cost-effective infrastructure

– IGA realized $17 million in USD cost savings in 2012, primarily through CAPEX avoidance

– IBM realized $90 million in savings over five years

– “We were able to reduce a multi-day complex process to a matter of 2-3 hours!”

— Kris Myers. Dir. Information TechnologyIBM Global Account Division

� IBM VSC managing the following tiers:

– Tier 1A = DS8000 w/ 15K RPM and SSD

– Tier 1B = XIV w/ 7200 RPM disk

– Tier 3 = V7000 w/ 2TB 7200 RPM

�Data that is most active remains on Tier 1, while data with lower activity is moved down to lower tiers, consuming less costly storage capacity on Tier 3

Case Study: IBM Global Account

USD $17M cost savings in 2012• Costs savings over $90M over 5 years

27

IBM Sweden Shared Environment

�Sweden has begun transforming its Tier 1 only environment to a 3-tier cost-effective infrastructure to deliver tiered solution to its existing and prospective clients

�Customer #1: IBM Sweden Internal Data

– Savings of 15M Swedish Krona (SEK) in estimated cost savings over next 5 years

�Customer #2: Large Fertilizer Business

– Savings of SEK 12M in estimated cost savings over next 5 years

�Estimated cost savings for existing shared clients

– Savings of SEK 50M in estimated cost savings over next 5 years for 12 existing shared clients

� IBM Sweden Shared Tiered Architecture

– Tier 1A = DS8K w/ 300GB 15K RPM drives

– Tier 1B = DS8K w/ 600GB 10K RPM

– Tier 3 = V7000 w/ 3TB 7.5K RPM

SEK 50M cost savings

estimated over 5 years

Case Study #2: IBM Sweden Shared Environment

28

The Many Forms of Tiering – Global Optimization

Low-latency DRAM and Flash

Solid State Drives (SSD)

Enterprise Disk(15K and 10K)

Nearline Disk(7200 RPM)

Automated TapeLibraries

$$$

$$

$

IBM Spectrum Scale

IBM Spectrum Archive

Glo

bal

Op

tim

izati

on

29

IBM Spectrum Scale – Flexible File and Object Storage

FS1 FS256. . .

Exabyte-Scale, Global Namespace

One big file system or divide into as many as 256 smaller file/object

systems

Each file system can be further divided into fileset containers

Network Shared Disk (NSD) refers to: • Flash and Disk

devices• Servers connected to

these devices• Protocol between

clients and serversMetadata can be separated to its own Pool or intermixed with

data

Files and objects can be migrated to Tape, Object store, or Cloud

30

IBM Spectrum Scale™ – Supported Topologies

Twin-tailed

FCP, iSCSI, IB

Internal, Direct-Attach

Shared PoolsShare-Nothing Pools

NSD Servers

� Access files on direct, twin-tailed or SAN attached disk

� OpenStack drivers

� Can be enabled as “Protocol Nodes”

File Placement Optimization (FPO) Servers

� For AIX, Linux-x86 and Linux on POWER

� Access files on direct attached disk

� Exports files to other FPO servers

� Hyperconverged

External Clients

� Access data via NAS, HDFS and object protocols over IP network

TCP/IP

NSD Clients

� For Linux, AIX, and Windows

� Access files via SAN, TCP/IP or RDMA

TCP/IP or RDMA network

31

IBM Spectrum Scale™ – More than just a file system!

Remote Office/Branch Office

Other NAS

Other Datacenters

Scale

Active File Management

(AFM) caches data to where it is

needed, can be used to migrate from

other NAS

Hierarchical Storage Management (HSM) migrates

infrequently accessed files to tape or object-based cloud, automatically

recalls back when accessed

Local Read-Only Cache (LROC) and Highly Available Write Cache (HAWC) caches the busiest blocks of

files on local flash

Disaster Recovery (DR) remotely mirrors data

to remote locations

Active/active

Migrate/RecallTape

NSD Client

Information Lifecycle Management (ILM) moves data

across tiers of flash and disk

Object

Cloud

Cloud

32

I/O Density for Different Disk Technologies

AutomatedTape library

Shelf Tape (on-premises)

Shelf Tape (off-premises)

As data ages, it is accessed less frequently

It can be cost-effective to move older data to

physical tape media1000

700

500

100

10

1

I/O Density(IOPS / TB)

33

Library Edition

Linux or Windows Server

Tape Library

NFS / SMB

Linux Etc.ArchiveManagementSolutions

Application file access to tape

IBM Spectrum Scale

File system

Single Drive EditionLTFS Format EnablementSingle Drive Support

Library Edition Digital Archive EnablementTape Automation Support

Enterprise EditionIntegrated Tiered Storage Solutions

Application file access to tiered storage

Tape Library 1 Tape Library n

IBM Spectrum Archive – Implementations

…

NSDNFS/SMBObjectPOSIXHadoop

34

IBM Spectrum Archive™ Overview

IBM Spectrum Archive enables IBM tape libraries to read/write LTFS-format tapes in an IBM Spectrum Scale™ environment

–Based on the integration of IBM Spectrum Scale™ and LTFS format

–Supports LTFS-enabled libraries and drives•TS4500 and TS3500 Enterprise libraries•TS4300, TS3310, TS3200, TS3100, TS2900 libraries•TS1140 (or higher) Enterprise Drive•LTO5 (or higher) Ultrium drive

– Integrated functionality with IBM Spectrum Scale•Supports Policy based migrations•Seamless DMAPI usage•Data replication to multiple pools

–Supports scale-out for capacity and I/O•Seamless cache controls between IBM Spectrum Archive nodes

•Tape drive performance balancing•Multiple node performance balancing

Los Angeles London Tokyo

Clients

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Global Namespace

LTFS LTFS LTFS LTFS

35

Three ways to move cold data out of IBM Spectrum Scale

Migrate/Recall

LTFSTape

Information Lifecycle Management (ILM) moves data across tiers of flash and

disk

Migrate/Recall

Migrate/RecallTransparent Cloud Tiering

Other NAS

AFM

IBM Cloud Object Storage System

IBM Cloud

36

IBM Spectrum Storage and IBM Cloud Object Storage System

Unified file and object storage. Optimized for high performance, across flash, disk and object store

Flash

ObjectStore

15K

Object storage on disk( File, backup and archive interfaces available through variety of options )

IBM CloudAmazon Web Services

Microsoft AzureSwift S3 emulationOpenStack Swift

Unified file and object storage on tape

Transparent Cloud Tiering

Information Lifecycle Management (ILM) across tiers

Hig

hest

Perf

orm

ance �

Lowest cost �

Tape10K 7200

37

Session summary

Tiered storage helps to balance between performance and costs

• IBM Easy Tier can help optimize data placement within a single system of flash, enterprise and nearline disk

• IBM Spectrum Control and IBM Spectrum Virtualize can help optimize data placement across many different flash and disk arrays in the datacenter

• IBM Spectrum Scale and IBM Spectrum Archive can optimize data placement globally, across multiple datacenter locations, for data stored on flash, disk and tape

38

39

Your feedback about this session is very important to us.

Submit a survey at:

ibmtechu.com

40

• http://www.ibm.com/training/events

• https://www-03.ibm.com/systems/storage/

• http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/

• http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ssg1S4000935

• https://www-935.ibm.com/services/id/en/it-services/information-lifecycle-management-solution.html

• https://www-935.ibm.com/services/ch/gts/pdf/br-storage-ilm-factsheet-en.pdf

• https://www-03.ibm.com/systems/storage/spectrum/suite/

• https://www-03.ibm.com/systems/storage/spectrum/scale/

• http://www.ibm.com/systems/clientcenterdemonstrations

• https://ibm.biz/client-experience-portal

Session reference links

IBM Tucson Executive Briefing Center

• Tucson, Arizona is home for storage hardware and software design and development

• IBM Tucson Executive Briefing Center offers:– Technology

briefings– Product

demonstrations– Solution workshops

• Take a video tour!– http://youtu.be/CXr

poCZAazg

https://www.ibm.com/it-infrastructure/services/client-centersccenter@us.ibm.com

42

About the Speaker

43

Tony Pearson is a Master Inventor and Senior IT Architect for the IBM Storage product line. Tony joined IBM Corporation in

1986 in Tucson, Arizona, USA, and has lived there ever since. In his current role, Tony presents briefings on storage topics

covering the entire IBM Storage product line, IBM Spectrum Storage software products, and topics related to Cloud Computing,

Analytics and Cognitive Solutions. He interacts with clients, speaks at conferences and events, and leads client workshops to

help clients with strategic planning for IBM’s integrated set of storage management software, hardware, and virtualization

solutions.

Tony writes the “Inside System Storage” blog, which is read by thousands of clients, IBM sales reps and IBM Business Partners

every week. This blog was rated one of the top 10 blogs for the IT storage industry by “Networking World” magazine, and #1

most read IBM blog on IBM’s developerWorks. The blog has been published in series of books, Inside System Storage: Volume

I through V.

Over the past years, Tony has worked in development, marketing and consulting for various storage hardware and software

products. Tony has a Bachelor of Science degree in Software Engineering, and a Master of Science degree in Electrical

Engineering, both from the University of Arizona. . Tony is an inventor or co-inventor of 19 patents in the field of electronic data

storage.

9000 S. Rita Road

Bldg 9032 Floor 1

Tucson, AZ 85744

+1 520-799-4309 (Office)

tpearson@us.ibm.com

Tony Pearson

Master Inventor

Senior IT Architect

IBM Storage

Email:tpearson@us.ibm.com

Twitter:twitter.com/az990tony

Blog: ibm.co/Pearson

Books:www.lulu.com/spotlight/990_tony

IBM Expert Network on Slideshare:www.slideshare.net/az990tony

Facebook:www.facebook.com/tony.pearson.16121

Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/in/az990tony

Additional Resources from Tony Pearson

44

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45

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Information concerning non-IBM products was obtained from the suppliers of those products, their published announcements or other publicly available sources. IBM has not tested those products in connection with this publication and cannot confirm the accuracy of performance, compatibility or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products. IBM does not warrant the quality of any third-party products, or the ability of any such third-party products to interoperate with IBM’s products. IBM expressly disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular, purpose.

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