S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Managing a Multi-Function Radarfrom an operational perspective

Fok Bolderheij (Capt. RNLN, PhD)Netherlands Defence Academy

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 2S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Contents

• RNLN requirements leading to MFR procurement

• MFR Management Issues

• Integration of Sensor Management into C2

• Three Stage Sensor Management Concept

• Use of Sensor Performance Models

• Simulation Results

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 3S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Evolving Threat

SBS

SSS

SSS

SBS

SBSSBS

RECCE

SOJ

• Multiple Threats• Different Target Characteristics

Velocity Manoeuvrability Radar Cross Section Altitude

• Environmental Conditions Meteorology Geography Oceanography

• Electronic Counter Measures

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 4S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Evolutional Design…..

Picture: courtesy Thales NNL

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 5S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Solution : APAR MFR

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 6S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Multifunctionality

Picture: courtesy Thales NNL

• Search Functions Horizon Search Short Range Horizon Search Limited Volume Search Cued Search Helicopter Search

Track Functions Surface Tracks Air Tracks Helicopter Tracks

Weapon Control Surface gun fire control Missile Guidance

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 7S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Time – Energy Budget

Face 1 occupation

time

100%

0%

Allocation of EM energy to specific MFR functions

Horizon searchShort range searchLimited volume searchConfirmationCued SearchTarget designationAir trackWeapon (target) trackMissile trackMissile AcquisitionMidcourse guidanceTerminal illumination

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 8S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

MFR Management Issues

1. Allocation of the Time Energy Budget (TEB) : the EM energy available and the related time for surveillance, tracking and weapon control functions is only limited available functions have to be prioritised

2. Operational restrictions like Rules of Engagement or Emission Control plans have to be taken in to account

3. Each function has to be optimised with respect to a specific task and the environmental conditions

4. Many degrees of Freedom: Complex Human Machine Interface

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 9S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

• when to use which sensor and sensor function for picture compilation or weapon control while taking into account:

Emission Control plans Rules of Engagement

• how to set a sensor for optimal results with respect to the mission objectives and meteorological/ geographical conditions

Operator Decisions :

Sensor Management

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 10S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

SensorManagement

SystemSensor

C2System

Operator

SensorSettings

SensorObservations

Mission RelatedInformation

CommonOperationalPicture

Sensor Management Context Diagram

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 11S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Observe Orient

DecideAct

SensorManagement

Processes

Sensor

PictureCompilationProcesses

OperationalPicture

Command and Control (I)

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 12S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

OP Object Properties

state vector (position, velocity, acceleration)

type/class identity ……

Basic OP object attributes:

related uncertainties

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 13S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Prior Information

Expected state vector (position, velocity, acceleration, direction, ….)

type/class identity ……

Compilation of Virtual Objects:

Structured use of Intelligence

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 14S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Sensor

Detect TrackClassif

yIdentif

yDetermine

ThreatRecognise

Intent

OperationalPicture

Construct Task

(Monitor)

SelectResource

ControlResource

SystemKnowledge

Env.Knowledge

MissionKnowledge

Resource Management

Picture Compilation

Weapon C4I Platform Crew

Plan

Plans

Evaluate

EstimateRisk

AnalyseBehaviour

FuseMineData

Mission Management

Command and Control (II)

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 15S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Time slice

Intendto

Launch

Ableto

Launch

TargetDetected 2

Intendto

Home

Hard Kill

Soft Kill

Missilein

Launcher

Missilein

Flight

MissileHoming

MissileDetonated

MissileCrashed

MissileDestroyed

Time slice Time slice Time slice

InRange

TargetDetected 1

Missile Killed

Task Priorisation

Dynamic Bayesian Network

Range

Time

ConflictLevel

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 16S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Sensor Management

Three Sensor Management Stages :

1. Analyse the contents of the Operational Picture w.r.t. uncertainty, missing information Construct Task

2. Determine which of the available sensors is the most appropriate Select Sensor

3. Optimise the selected sensor for this task Control Sensor

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 17S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Knowledge

about the

Target (Mission)

Knowledge

about the

Environment

Knowledge

about the

System

Required Knowledge

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 18S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Sensor Performance Models

No detection due to multipath

No detection due toRadar horizon

Knowledge about the system

Knowledge about the Target

Knowledge about the Environment

Cone of Silence

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 19S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Model Utilisation

• Sensor Performance Analysis

• Performance Optimisation

• Sensor Selection Mechanism

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 20S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Performance Visualisation

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 21S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Orange Country

SSM site 1(70,55)

SSM site 2(80,115)

Carrier(135,100)

x-pos (km) ®

y-p

os

(k

m) ®

0 25 50 75 100 125 1500

25

50

75

100

125

150

ADCF(90,0)

Simulation

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 22S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 7200 7400 7600 7800 80000

0.5

1

Face

1

Horizon Search

Limited Volume Search

Track

Weapon Guidance

6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 7200 7400 7600 7800 80000

0.5

1

Face

2

6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 7200 7400 7600 7800 80000

0.5

1

Face

3

6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 7200 7400 7600 7800 80000

0.5

1

Face

4

Mission Time (sec)

Function Selection and Budget Allocation

EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 23S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management

Summary

• Sensor Management has to be integrated in C2

• The Operational Picture is the basis of Sensor Management

• Not Functions, but Tasks are prioritised

• Validated Performance Models required

• Use of Environmental Information

• Autonomous Adaptive Sensor Deployment is feasible