4/22/2010

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Nick Gamble

Fichtner Consulting Engineers Limited

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Main Themes

� What Determines the Height of an EfW building?

� The Relationship between size and Generation Efficiency

� The Relationship between size and economics

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What Determines Building Height?

1) Boiler Capacity

2) Building Design

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The Boiler

Waste Bunker

850oC for 2 seconds

Steam Drum

Exhaust GasesAmmonia Injection

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Inside the Combustion Chamber

Start Up Burner

Secondary AirNozzles

Boiler nose.

Moving grate.

RefractoryLining

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Height and Capacity

50 ktpa 100 ktpa 200 ktpa

4 cms 5 cms 6.3 cms

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Height and Capacity

50 ktpa 100 ktpa 200 ktpa

28 m 36 m 45 m

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Height and Capacity

200 ktpa 400 ktpa 600 ktpa

45 m45 m45 m

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Influence of Building Design

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Cleveland

Newhaven

Riverside

Lakeside

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Tyseley

Isle of Man

Sheffield

Marchwood

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50 m

Riverside

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Isle of Man Plant

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Level +43m

Datum Level +0m

Level +10m

Rookery South RRF

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EfW Plant Total

Capacity

(1000tpa)

No. of

Streams

Capacity

per Stream

(1000tpa)

Height

(metres)

Height if

Adjusted to

Rookery

Capacity

Technology

Supplier

Jersey 105 2 53 38 58 CNIM

Isle of Man 65 1 65 35 50Fisia Babcock

(Noell grate)

Eastcroft 160 2 80 31 43 Martin

Portsmouth 165 2 83 32 43 CNIM

Coventry & Solihull 250 3 85 35 46 Martin

Marchwood 180 2 90 36 47 CNIM

London waste 550 5 110 42 51Deusche

Babcock

Cleveland 250 2 125 42 49 Volund

Rookery 585 3 195 43 43Fisia Babcock

Steinmüller

Tyseley 400 2 200 42 42 Steinmüller

Lakeside 410 2 205 42 42 Takuma

Sheffield 220 1 220 49 48 CNIM

Riverside 660 3 220 51 50 Von Roll

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Size and Efficiency

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Efficiency

The larger the plant, the higher the generation efficiency

This is because, as capacity increases:

� boiler heat loss per tonne/hour of waste decreases

� steam turbine efficiency increases

� thermal cycle efficiency increases

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Steam Turbine

Siemens

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Typical Net Generation Efficiencies

� Small plants, 50 to 100 ktpa 16% to 19%

� Medium plants, 100 to 300 ktpa 19% to 24%

� Large Plants, >300 ktpa 21% to 27%

� Coal fired power plants (Electricity delivered to local grid) ca. 34%

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Economics

The larger the plant, the lower the gate fee

This is because, as capacity increases:

� cost per tonne/hour (of waste) decreases

� power output per tonne/hour increases

� Number of operators needed per tonne/hour decreases

� Cost of maintenance per tonne/hour decreases

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Thank you