s1.3.precision phenotyping for improving drought stress tolerant maize in thailand
DESCRIPTION
Presentacion de 11th Asian Maize Conference which took place in Beijing, China from November 7 – 11, 2011.TRANSCRIPT
Precision phenotyping for improving drought stress tolerant maize in Thailand
Sutatsane Vongsupathai Suriphat Thaitad Tatsanee Budthong Pichet Grudloyma
Nakhon Sawan Field Crops Research Center (NSFCRC) Tak Fa, Nakhon Sawan, THAILAND 1
Problem • In Thailand, drought was reported as a
priority constrain for maize production in many agro-ecological zones and it is observed almost every year.
• Maize is usually affected to drought stress at difference stage.
2
Objectives
• To compare the performance of hybrids maize and to understand the association of yield with morphological and physiological traits under water stress condition 3
Materials : • The set of hybrids maize from CIMMYT 148 + 2 local check hybrids Local checks :NS2 and NS3
• 10x15 Alpha lattice design with 2 replications • 2 rows/ plot of 5.0 m. long • 66,000 plants ha-1
Planting period :
Materials and methods
Design :
• during dry season in 2009, NSFCRC.
4
Temperature (oC) rain fall (mm.) and RH distribution at NSFCRC,
from Dec 2009 to Feb 2010
RH%(max)
Max.temp (oC)
Min.temp (oC)
Stop irrigated
Planting date 3 Dec 2009
Rain(mm.)
Flowering
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WS WW Well watered Flowering drought
: The irrigation was stopped from 9th leaf stage to
two weeks after mid flowering (15 Jan-15 Feb. 2010)
: weekly irrigation about 30 mm./time
Water stress (Flowering stage drought) (WS)
Well watered (ww)
Water management:
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Data Collections
Agronomic traits Secondary traits
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Agronomic traits
Field weight
Root and stalk lodging
Moisture content
Plant and ear height Silking date
Anthesis date
Hundred kernel weight
8
Secondary traits
1) anthesis-silking interval (days)
2) leaf rolling : - 2,3 weeks after stop irrigation
(Score 1-5) - before re-irrigation
3) Senescence: - 3 weeks after stop irrigation
(Score 1-10) - before re-irrigation
- 30 days after silking
9
Green Seeker: NDVI values can be used to predict green biomass
Vegetative stage : Weekly measurements from 3 leaves until 8 leaves stage.
Grain filling stage : weekly from two weeks after male flowering till one week prior maturity
4) Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI)
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5) Stomata conductance and Leaf temperature 5) Stomata conductance (mmol/H2O m-2s-1)
Leaf porometer :
Vegetative stage : 4-5 weeks after planting and again in 2 weeks later.
Reproductive stage : 2 day after stopped irrigation and then every weekly until re-irrigation.
Measurements : - 3 plants/ plot. - one leaf per plant - at the 4th leaf below flag leaf. -10-15 h. sunydays
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Infrared thermometer:
Vegetative stage : 4-5 weeks after planting and again 2 weeks later.
Reproductive stage : 2 day after stopped irrigation and then every weekly until re-irrigation.
6) Leaf temperature (Co)
Measurements : - 3 plants/ plot. - one leaf per plant - at the 4th leaf below flag leaf. -10-15 h. sunny days
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7) Chlorophyll content
SPAD meter :
Flowering stage : 1 time.
Grain filling : every week during grain filling for 5 weeks.
Measurements : - 6 plants/ plot. - one leaf per plant. - at the 4th leaf below flag leaf.
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No. Pedigree WS WW ASI (days)
1 NS 3 (Local check 2) 5.09 8.26 2
2 CLQ-RCYQ54=(CML176 x CL-G2501)-B-3-1-B-B-B-B-B / CML-312 SR 5.00 6.79 2
3 DTPWC9-F67-2-2-1-B-B-B-B-B / CML-312 SR 4.84 7.59 3
4 [P591c4 1y2 GEN F23-1-1-1-B-B-B x CML486]-1-1-B-B / CML-312 SR 4.77 6.62 3
5 CML-332-B-B / CML-312 SR 4.73 7.54 4
6 CL-04935=(PR8549xP23C2)-5-1-3-B*14-B-B-B-B-B-B / CML-312 SR 4.41 5.68 4
7 DTPWC9-F24-4-3-1-B-B-B-B-B / CML-312 SR 4.32 7.00 1
8 La Posta Seq C7-F78-2-1-1-1-B-B-B-B / CML-312 SR 4.30 8.27 5
9 S87P69Q(SIYF) 109-1-1-4-B / CML-312 SR 4.21 6.33 2
10 XZY 460-1 / CML-312 SR 4.21 7.63 3
11 CML-442/CML-444 (Check 3 late maturity) 2.49 8.89 10
Mean 2.59 6.48 5
LSD(0.05) 1.55 1.14 2
Table 1 Mean grain yield (ton/ha) of top ten hybrids maize under water stress condition at NSFCRC in 2010D.
Table 2 Phenotypic correlation coefficient (r) between grain yield and importance agronomic traits, 2010D.
Traits Grain Yield (t/ha)
WS
Anthesis silking interval (ASI) -0.2745*
Leaf senescence -0.4158*
Leaf rolling -0.5199*
Ear per plant 0.2317*
Hundred kernel weight
Moisture content
0.2729*
0.3746*
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Table 3 Phenotypic correlation coefficient (r) between grain yield and NDVI, 2010D.
Green Seeker
(Day after anthesis)
Grain Yield (t/ha)
WS
-41 0.0687ns
-34 0.1291ns
-25 0.2098*
-18 0.1444ns
15 0.3785*
21 0.2398*
28 0.2800*
35 0.2302*
Flowering drought period 17
Table 4 Phenotypic correlation coefficient (r) between grain yield and stomata conductance, 2010D.
Leaf porometer
(Day after anthesis)
Grain Yield (t/ha)
WS
-23 0.1676*
-9 0.1172ns
7 0.3572*
15 0.2087*
21 0.0805ns
35 0.0578ns
Flowering drought period 18
Table 5 Phenotypic correlation coefficient (r) between grain yield and leaf temperature (oC), 2010D.
Infrared thermometer
(Day after anthesis)
Grain Yield (t/ha)
T1S2 (WS)
-23 -0.1127ns
-9 -0.1245ns
7 -0.3635*
15 -0.1435ns
21 -0.0393ns
35 -0.0637ns
Flowering drought period 19
Table 6 Phenotypic correlation coefficient (r) between grain yield and chlorophyll content, 2010D.
SPAD meter
(Day after anthesis)
Grain Yield (t/ha)
WS
4 0.3628*
11 0.4911*
19 0.5531*
26 0.4468*
35 0.2170*
42 0.1739*
Flowering drought period 20
1 weeks after stop irrigation
21
2 weeks after stop irrigation
(A.T.Z.T.R.L.BA90 5-3-3P-1P-4P-2P-1-1-1-B x G9B C0 R.L.23-1P-2P-3-2P-3-2P-1P-B-B-B)-B-16TL-3-1-4-B-B-B / CML-312 SR
La Posta Seq C7-F18-3-2-1-1-B-B-B-B-B / CML-312 SR
22
3 weeks after stop irrigation 4 weeks after stop irrigation
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WATER STRESS
CML-442/CML-444 (Check 3 late maturity)
WELL WATERED
NS 3 (Local check 2) 24
WATER STRESS WELL WATERED
La Posta Seq C7-F78-2-1-1-1-B-B-B-B / CML-312 SR
XZY 460-1 / CML-312 SR 25
• Selection for drought tolerance by increase EPP, HKW, CHE, NDVI and stomata conductance were linked to higher yield drought stress.
• Reduction ASI, LRO, Senescence and leaf temperature suggesting that were increasing higher yield
Conclusions
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Thank you