Contents of section 14: Instruments. Chapter 2-Instruments, land mark boards and accessories used in this project. 2.1-Some of the Instruments used in RCS – CRS – CRTS – MV – MN. 2.2-MPSDR: Multi Para Survey Data Recorder. 2.3-Ground survey meter. 2.4-Axis meter. 2.5-Speedometer. 2.6-Level meter. 2.7-Flow meter. 2.8-River scanner. 2.9-Fall’s height measuring instrument. 2.10-Land tube with Level Measuring Pipes. 2.11-Survey boards (Land mark boards). 2.12-RCS soft ware.

Views to make this ‘World’ developed and this ‘Earth’

as the lovely place for every ‘Human’.

SECTION 14 INSTRUMENTS

Few things for our work, to make it easy, accurate and quick;

Chapter 2: Instruments, land mark boards and accessories used in this project.

2.1. Some of the Instruments used in RCS – CRS – CRTS – MV –

MN.

They are,

1. MPSDR.

2. Ground survey meter.

3. Axis meter.

4. Speedometer.

5. Level meter.

A. River survey level meter.

B. Rapid survey level meter.

C. Land survey level meter.

6. Flow meter.

7. River scanner & River Doppler.

8. Fall’s height measuring instrument.

9. Land tube with Level Measuring Pipes.

10.Survey boards (Land mark boards).

11.RCS soft ware.

12.Others –

A. Cameras.

B. Binoculars.

C. Drillers: Earth/rock, Iron with different bits.

D. Welding Instruments: Arc and gas welding.

E. Iron, Cement & Construction materials for land marking work.

13.Vehicles: Land vehicles, ships and boats, Helicopters.

14.Office materials including computers.

15.Communication instruments.

16.Medical equipments: Ambulance, Ventilators, Monitors, Drugs, Splints, Blood, Lab materials

Surgical and anaesthesia kit. Freezer/fridge and others.

17.Individual/team specific requirements if any.

2.2. MPSDR: Multi Para Survey Data Recorder.

It is a devise which converts the physical property to in to electronic messages like the magnetic field

of the magnet in relation to the earth’s magnetic field is recorded in degrees and the level of the

fluid is recoded in degrees as per the change in the elevation and the data are recorded, stored and

tabulated in the processing unit. With this instrument we can get many parameters like distance in

meters, curves in degrees (Angle), levels (elevation and depressions) in degrees. With the help of

these data’s it is possible to derive the data’s like distance, area, the level (difference in the height),

and can create maps automatically.

How it works:

We know that the magnet rest in the direction of north south when it is mounted on unresisting

base. So as the MPSDR moves on its track it records the direction in degree in relation to the

distance.

The fluid in a container changes its surface at it is tilted and attains a flat level this property of the

fluid can be utilised and the angles are measured and can derive the level when we have the

distance.

Picture 1: MPSDR.

The size of this instrument may be 30×15×15 cm.

Mechanical unit of the MPSDR:

Motor unit – makes this MPSDR to run along the course of the MPSDR path. It has two units one in

the front and one in the back. Each unit has two parts one is attached to the processor unit with the

rotatable pedicle to make the unit to move easily in turnings and another is detachable unit which

will be fixed to the motor unit proper when the MPSDR is mounted on to the MPSDR path. Two

separate units are made in order to prevent the displacement of the wheels from the path in

turnings. The motor unit has two sets of wheels on the sides, one set aligned vertically or another

set aligned horizontally. One vertical and one horizontal wheel are attached to the motor unit

proper and another set of vertical and horizontal units are attached to the detachable unit. The

vertical wheel moves on the horizontal plate of the MPSDR plate and thus rests on the path by

gravity. The horizontal wheels moves on the vertical plate of the path thus it prevents the lateral

displacement of the unit on either the sides at also prevents the vertical wheels coming in contact

with the vertical plate of the path and thus creating resistance for the movement.

The chamber of the magnet: It is a spherical chamber with the magnet inside where the magnet rest

on the water bed with its north pole to the north, but the spherical chamber will be rotating as the

MPSDR moves on the MPSDR path and thus the north pole will come in contact with different

degrees and it will give a continuous in put to the processor and the processor will record the

readings in relation to distance.

The chamber of the fluid: which contains the fluid and the level of the fluid inside the chamber will

change as the front and back portion of the MPSDR goes up and down as the entire track may be at

a higher level in one side and at a lower level at another side and these angles are recorded with

distance which gives the level at that place.

Infrared sensor (Not shown in the picture): it is attached to the unit and will be able to read bar code

attached to the supporting inverted U stand and at the same place land marks can be created for

future references over the land.

The speedometer: Is attached to the one of the wheels from which continuous inputs comes to the

processing unit for recording the speed and the distance.

The processor: will collect the information from the chamber of the magnet, chamber of the fluid,

speedometer, infrared sensor and will record all the information in relation to the distance.

Battery: As the source of energy.

MPSDR Track:

Picture 2: MPSDR Track.

MPSDR track: it is the track for the movement of the MPSDR. It is fixed along the course of the path

that we need to measure and record like VP border, border of the forest area, border of the village

as such, borders of the land of the different owners, site and so on.

It has horizontal and vertical plates. The width of the horizontal plate is about 11cm, and the height

of the vertical plate is about 9.25 cm. The vertical wheels of the MPSDR moves on the horizontal

plate, the vertical plate has two parts, the upper half of it has pores in the rows for fixing the track to

the inverted U stand and the lower half for the movement of the horizontal wheels of the MPSDR.

Picture 3: MPSDR Track cross section:

We can see the inverted T shaped MPSDR track which gives the moving path for the motor unit of

the MPSDR.

The supporting devises of MPSDR:

Picture 4: The supporting devises of MPSDR.

The supporting devises includes (1) inverted U stand (2) MPSDR track (3) Infrared sensor plate (Bar

code) (4) Fixations items.

The inverted U stand can be fixed at the convenient places to support the track. We should make

sure that no obstruction come in the path like branches of the plant or some stone or soil or

soothing, thus it can injure the instrument as it is moving fast.

Inverted U stand of MPSDR:

Picture 5: Inverted U stand of MPSDR;

The inverted U supporting stand can be fixed to the ground with the help of the wire and thus it is

made firm and taught so that the track is not going to sag.

Other accessories:

Other things like timer, remote control, and transmitter/antenna can be added to the instrument.

The timer to record the date and time of the survey, recording the survey in relation to the time, the

speed at which the MPSDR moved can be automatically recorded. Remote control to control the

instrument from a distance, and the transmitter / antenna to transmit the events simultaneously to

the distant computer;

The information that we get will be recorded, stored, analysed as per our need. The calculation from

these data will give the outputs like area, distance, elevation and depression in the path it surveyed

can be utilised for many reasons like property documentation and division of income, dividing the

property to the children and so on.

Limitations: The area that we get with the help of the MPSDR will be accurate provided it is a plain

land. If the land contains many more elevations and depressions then it will not give accurate results

because the elevated or depressed land will have more area than whatever we get from the

calculation of recording the border and calculating the area. In the case we have divide the areas at

the junctions of elevation and depressions and add all the portions.

MPSDR soft ware:

MPSDR soft ware: we can create soft ware for the purposes of recording all these data, storing, and

analysing the data in systemic way. Sometimes we may not be able to install the MPSDR track at the

exact site because there may be some constructed building already existing at the three sides and

other side may be the road. In that case we can install the MPSDR track may be one meter inside the

exact border of the site and later in the software we can expand the area by one meter all around

incorporating the reason for doing the same.

With this software we will be able to store the details of the areas of the VP, district, state and the

nation.

Instruments like ground survey meter and its data can be incorporated and the exact surface area of

the land with depressions and elevations can be calculated.

The data’s of the MPSDR and the GSM can be put together in the MPSDR soft ware and the 3D

images of the area with elevations and depressions can be plotted.

Advantages of MPSDR and MPSDR soft ware:

1. Can be used to survey the VP border, land border, river course, river elevation (upward survey)

and depressions (downward survey), survey of existing roads and in the creation of the ne w roads.

2. Useful in land marking: the marks that we see in the graph/survey data in the computer, hard

copy will correspond exactly to the land markings done over the land.

3. Useful in estimating the areas of the land with elevations and depression through MP SDR soft

ware when the data’s obtained through the MPSDR and GSM are incorporated.

4. 3D images for creating the CRS and CRTS systems and different possibilities of connecting the two

places and identifying the most convenient path is possible.

Easy to do long survey with accuracy and in short time; the technical assistants will install the

MPSDR track along the sea shore or river shore or on the road and so on. When once the track is

installed the MPSDR is mounted on to the track and the instrument will move at a speed of 40 to 50

kilometres per hour and the survey of 50 kilometres can be done in one hour and all the data’s like

distance, exact path, curves turnings, elevations-depressions and so on we will get in that short time

and it is ready for further usage. So things like entering in to the river or sea for doing survey will not

arise.

2.3. Ground survey meter.

Ground survey meter is the instrument used to survey the area at and around the point where the

optical fibre falls out of the MLOFC ground opening and touches the ground. This is for collecting

the necessary data to create the CRS and CRTS pathways without moving out of the place where the

optical fibre touches the ground. It also used in MPSDR soft ware where the elevations and the

depressions of the land need to be measured and the surface area of the land to be measured.

Collecting data of elevations and depressions in a straight line between two points to create this

system is not sufficient because creating a straight path with the natural elevations and depressions

in a straight line may not be practical to move the vehicles over it. So, our aim is to identify the

shortest pathway which is practical and convenient for the usage. For this purpose, we need to know

not only the straight pathway, which is the shortest pathway between any two points, but also the

pathway without any high elevations and depressions. So, it is necessary to identify the straight

pathway and its elevations and depressions and the practicality of movements of the vehicles in that

pathway. And at the same time it is necessary to identify the elevations and depressions on either

the sides of the straight path where we may get a better path, than the straight path without much

elevations and depressions, that may be a level road, but it should not be a long route.

By doing survey with MLOFC we get a straight line connecting the two points. It is one of the

important, necessary step and a guiding path for doing the survey of the surrounding area. Without

semi aerial survey we will not have any reference point and we will lose our survey path once we

enter the forest or when we stand behind the hill or even the stem of a big tree make our survey

difficult and we may choose a wrong path and all the vehicles moving for many years in that wrongly

chosen path will consume lot of fuel, manpower and money.

So, we can devise a simple instrument called ‘Ground Survey Meter(GSM)’ to survey the land on

either the sides of the straight path after we identify the land marks in the straight path and once

the land marks are installed with a coded number. This instrument is nothing but the instrument

used today for land survey with little modifications.

GSM has two units, the upper unit is completely Rotatable on the lower unit, and the lower un it is

fixed on the ground perpendicular to the water surface as guided by the hanging pointer in the U –

stand and the water level in the transparent tube ring. It is better to create the entire instrument by

not using the metal Iron as we work with the magnetic field of the earth with the magnetic field of

the magnet used in the instrument.

The parts of the lower unit are 1. Tripods stand with adjustable limbs. 2. Transparent tube ring

containing the water at ‘0’ levels, the tube is supported by the ve rtical portion of the stand linking

the tripod stand and the U part of the stand. 3. U part of the stand supporting the central plate of

the axis meter with a vertical pointer fixed at the point where the two limbs of the U meets in the

centre. 4. Central plate of the axis meter is mounted on the U stand and from its under surface

centre a pointer is hanged in such a way that when the instrument is in vertical position to the water

surfaces the upper pointer points exactly to the lower pointer in the U stand. 5. A magnet is

mounted on the central plate without any friction to rest in north south axis even if we fix the lower

unit at any direction. It also has an extension in the side all around for bear ring mechanism for the

free rotation of the upper unit over the lower unit.

The parts of the upper unit are 1.Outer Rotatable axis meter plate which rest on the central plate of

the axis meter and rotates freely for 360 degrees with bear ring system connected over the central

plate of the axis meter. The 360 degree markings are done on the outer plate in a anti clock wise

manner and the degree at the North Pole is recorded each time which gives us the direction to

which we are surveying, 2. Clamps are fixed between the outer Rotatable axis meter plate and the

outer tube of the telescope. The outer tube can rotate for 1800 that is from +900 (Elevation) to -900

(Depression) vertically. A fixed degree mark plate will show us the elevation or depression in

degrees. 3. The lens system in the eye end of the outer tube and multiple lenses in the inner tube is

constructed in such a way that the 1 mm forward movement of the inner tube will focus an object at

10 meters and if the inner tube is of 30 centimetres (300 millimetres) we can focus an object till

3000 meters.

And thus with this instrument we can record multiple parameters like direction in which we are

surveying, degree of elevation or depression, distance of elevation or depression.

Sometimes we may face some of the problems like the MLOFC tip may fall on the land surrounded

by thick forest where we are not able to see the landscape on any of the sides, and then we may

have to use some elevator to go above the level of the tree or obstacle and need to be surveyed.

Picture 6: Ground survey meter.

2.4. Axis meter.

The axis meter basically works on the principle of magnetic field of the earth. If we have a powerful

magnet with north south poles, the magnetic field of the magnet will act with the magnetic field of

the earth and remain in north south axis as shown in the picture.

We need to take a magnet and keep it on the plate with the sensors and vehicle axis, in such a way

that the magnet should remain in the north south axis without any frictional hinder. In the following

picture the axis meter sensor plate is shown, in which 360 sensors are arranged in a circular row,

each sensor representing one degree of the circle. The 0 degree +/- 180 degree axis in this

instrument represent the axis of the measuring vehicle, that becomes the axis of the boat/ ship/

vehicle which is going to do the survey, that means the measuring vehicle will be moving in the

forward direction along the course of the river/ coastal area/ future primary channel and others. The

‘0’’ +/ -180’ degree axis is changing as the course of the river/ coast/ land changes, but the magnet

which is present above the plate maintains its north south axis, as it is influenced by the earth’s

magnetic field.

Picture 7: Axis meter sensor plate;

Say for example, if the boat is moving towards the north exactly, the axis of the boat and the axis of

the magnet co insides and the axis of the river at that length becomes 0 degree as shown in the

picture.

Picture 8: Magnet mounted over the Axis meter sensor plate.

Like this, with the different movements of the boat in different directions we get different readings,

1. If the boat is moving towards north and to the east then the magnets North end will be between 0

to +90 degrees of the plate.

2. If the boat is moving towards north and to the west then the magnets North end will be between 0

to -90 degrees of the plate.

3. If the boat is moving towards south and to the east then the magnets North end will be between +

90 to + 180 degrees of the plate.

4. If the boat is moving towards south and to the west then the magnets North end will be between -

90 to - 180 degrees.

5. If the boat is going directly towards south then the axis becomes 180 degrees (this is also a

straight line in a reverse direction to the North Pole).

6. If the boat is moving with different curves, we get curved lines accordingly.

7. If the boat is moving directly towards west then the magnets North end will be at - 90 Degree.

8. If the boat is moving directly towards east then the magnets North end will be at + 90 Degree.

Picture 9: Change of direction of the magnet as the carrying vehicles changes its direction of

movement (Axis).

Axis meter sensor:

In this instrument, the magnet is in the constant position (that is in north south axis) the revolving

object is the entire Axis meter sensor plate (that is nothing but the entire ship/boat/vehicle). So, as

the entire base rotates the different single sensor comes in contact with the magnet with a specific

degree value and the massage goes to the processor and the memory unit (CPU).

For the purpose of sensory activity we can use either 1. Touch sensor. 2. Air sensor. 3. Infrared ray

sensors. They are shown in the following pictures,

Picture 10: Touch sensor type Axis meter.

In this type of touch sensor the feather touch will comes in contact with one among 360 sensor

representing one degree in 360 degrees and the sensor is stimulated and the message goes to the

processor and the memory unit (CPU), when the direction of the boat changes the sensor position

also changes with a different degree and thus a constant information is fed to the memory unit and

the memory unit will store the information in relation to the distance as it is getting from the

speedometer port.

Picture 11: Air sensor type Axis meter.

In this type of air sensor, and aerial is fixed to the north pole of the magnet, the sensor plate rotates

depending on the direction of the river, so, the aerial interrupts the sensor beam depending upon

the direction of the boat and thus stimulates one sensor with different degree.

Picture 12: Infra red ray sensor type Axis meter.

In this type of Infrared ray sensor plate/base, the coder is attached to the north pole, directing

towards the base plate, the infrared ray source with the decoder recognizes the coder and sends the

message to the memory unit, as the base plate rotates depending on the course of the river, the

coder of the magnet will comes in contact with the different sensor among 360 sensors with the

same decoder type with a different degree value and massage goes to the memory unit.

The processor and the memory unit will have two inputs, one from the axis meter and another from

the speedometer. The axis meter will be providing either changing (If it is not a straight line) or a

constant (If it is a straight line) degree value continuously to the processor and to the memory unit

(CPU). But to the unit the speedometer information is also coming through the another port, so the

memory unit stores the axis in degree in relation to the distance in kilometres, and this is displayed

and stored in the form of digital information and also in the form of graph.

2.5. Speedometer.

The speedometer is the any conventional speedometers used in the today’s practice in the vehicles /

Boats / ships with an additional fitting in between the speedometer meter and the memory unit with

the composer (CPU) called ‘converter’. The speedometer cable is connected to the converter, where

the mechanical rotation’s per minute is converted to the digital readings and the digital values are

passed to the memory unit and the composer (CPU).

Picture 13: Axis meter, Speedometer, Converter, CPU, Monitor assembly.

Other uses of the Axis meter with speedometer:

1. On the sea:

Axis meter with its soft ware is going to be one of the important guiding tools in the field of navy.

In the following graph the naval route from Chennai to Port lair (South Andaman) is shown. As the

ship starts its journey towards Andaman – Portblair, from Chennai, it moves in the direction of east

and to the south at an angle of +990 and travels for a distance of 1265.89kms, and then it travel

directly towards the south at +/-1800 for a distance of 100kms, and then at an angle of

+115.70 for a distance of 269.25kms, and then directly towards north at angle of 00 for a distance of

100kms to reach the Portblair. This is the data (both in graphical and digital form) obtained from the

Axis meter software by travelling from Chennai to Portblair (shown in blue line).

Picture 14: Axis meter memory graph .

When the ship is travelling back from Portblair to Chennai, the ship follows the same path in a

reverse direction and reaches the exact site (shown in green line in the next graph). Any deviation in

the axis and the distance will be identified by the soft ware and gives the alarm.

After getting the convenient path without any undersea hills, elevations, rocks and ice hills ect, the

good path is identified and the path is copied from the axis soft ware and given to all the travelling

ships for travelling guidance. The new ship which wants to travel will follow the axis already present

in the soft ware and thus reaches the exact site.

Picture 15: Axis meter memory graph utilization.

2. On the land:

In the same way as mentioned in the navy, axis meter also works on the land, because it also has the

same gravitational field. Preliminary digital and graphical recordings of the routes by the axis meter

are necessary and the CD’s are prepared and distributed. The cars and the buses which has the

standard axis soft ware will work with this system, in which, we can select the desired route that we

want and click ‘apply’ and start our journey and without asking anybody, we can reach the place that

we want. It also provides the information’s like, how many kilometres remaining, important places

and others. If we are travelling little deviant from the route that we have selected in the beginning

(for example for a hotel) then we may have to click ‘hold’ the system becomes inactive, again when

we reach the main road that is mentioned in the soft ware, we need to click ‘restart’, like this we can

reach the exact sites that we want without any assistance. For which we need to create Axis soft

ware CD’s, like Axis soft ware for Bangalore city, Axis soft ware Chamarajanagar district and others. If

we are going for a tour we can carry the concerned CD’s and select the route, the Axis meter with

the Axis soft ware will guide the entire travelling.

3. In the air:

For which few research work has to be done like,

a) The effect of the earth’s magnetic field on the travelling aircraft.

b) The properties of the magnet and the magnetic field in the travelling aircraft.

c) The changes in the earth’s magnetic activity, as the distance between the earth and the aircraft

changes.

And then axis meter soft ware can be applied.

2.6. Level meter.

These are the instrument used to identify the levels above the mean sea level in relation to one

another, and this information is used in identifying the path of the canal that we need to create. The

different types of level meters used in this project are.

A. River survey level meter.

B. Rapid survey level meter.

C. Land survey level meter.

All the level meters work on the principle of fluid dynamics. Some of the fluid dynamics used in this

book has been mentioned here,

1. Fluids maintain its level equal, if the fluid columns are connected one another, even with multiple

ports, with whatever shape and size.

2. Fluid with the higher density settles at the bottom, and of the lower density at the top. If the

column has the fluids with different densities, multiple layers are formed, if they are insoluble

among one another.

3. Fluids always travel from the higher level to the lower by the gravitational force .

4. The volume of the fluid is constant, provided the temperature is maintained constant. (With rise in

temperature the fluid occupies more area with rise in pressure and vice versa).

All the Level meters used in the survey are having similar architecture except for few modifications

in the height of the fluid columns, fluid filling site and level meter movements.

A. River survey level meter.

The various parts of the River survey level meter are shown in the following picture.

Picture 16: Plain river survey level meter .

The components of the plain river survey level meter are,

1. The components of the hill side boat level meter - They are laptop with printer, axis meter,

speedometer, communication instruments, fluid tank, motor, fluid column, tape tube rolle r and

others.

2. The Interlinking two kilometre long tape tube.

3. The components of the sea side boat level meter – They are tape tube roller, flexible/ roll able

fluid column, aerial stand, fluid tank, sliding camera and others.

The components of the hill side boat level meter;

Picture 17: The components of the hill side boat level meter.

The fluid connection in the hillside boat level meter is shown in the previous picture.

The tank:

The tank contains the filling fluid. The capacity of the tank should be around 210 litters. It is because,

1. The fluid present in the tube tape will be 157.14 litters (approximately 160 litters), if we create

the fluid connecting tube with the internal diameter of 1centimeter.

The formula used is - Volume of the fluid in the tape tube (Long cylinder) = π R2h cubic units.

= 22÷7 × (0.5)2 × 2 kilometres.

= 22÷7 × (0.5)2 × 2 × 1000 × 100 cubic centimetres.

= 157142.856 cubic centimetres.

= 157.14liters.

2. The fluid in the fluid column of the hillside boat will be 4 litres.

It is because, the fluid in the fluid column (1.5 + 0.5 = 2 meters with the internal diameter of 5

centimetres) + the fluid in the connecting tube (1 meter with the internal diameter of 1 centimetre)

= [22÷7 × (2.5)2 × 2meters] + [22÷7× (0.5)2 × 1meter]

= 3928.57Cubiccms+ 78.5Cubiccms.

= 4007.07cubiccms.

= 4liters.

3. The flexible tube fluid capacity in the sea side boat: [Internal diameter of 5 centimetres with

maximum height of 20 maters] + Connecting tube [Internal diameter of 1 centimetre with 1 mater

length].

= [22÷7 × (2.5)2 × 20meters] + [22÷7× (0.5)2 × 1meter].

= 39.25 litres+ 0.078 litter.

= 39.32liters.

So, the total fluid in the tank should be,

S.n. Fluid place. Fluid

volume.

1. Tape tube. 160 litres

2. The fluid in the fluid column

of the hillside boat.

004 litres

3. The flexible tube fluid

capacity in the sea side boat

039 litres

Total, 203 litres

Tank capacity: 160 + 50 = 210 litres.

Tank size: 64cms length × 64cms breath × 64cms height (This will have the total capacity of 262

litres). Or, a cylindrical tank with the diameter of 72cms with the height of 60cms (This will have the

total capacity of 244 litres).

The tank fluid measurer with marker floating object that is attached to the wall of the fluid tank will

show the volume of the fluid present in the tank. The drained fluid from the seaside boat’s tank is

filled up to the mark of 210 litres in the hill side boat’s tank with the help of the motor. When once

the hill side boat reaches two kilometre distance and once everything is set, the fluid is filled to the

fluid column of the hillside boat, the fluid flows in to the tape tube, fills the flexible measurer tube in

the seaside boat, and the level also rises gradually in the fluid column in the hillside boat. When

once the level reaches 0 in the fluid column of the hill side boat the filling process is stopped and the

reading at the flexible measuring fluid column is enquired, and the tally is made.

For example: If the level in the flexible measuring tube of the sea side boat is 10 meters, then the

total fluid utilized should be 184 litres [Fluid in the fluid column in the hillside boat + connecting tube

fluid + tube tape fluid + 10 meters fluid in the flexible measuring fluid column in the sea side boat] =

[3.9+0.078+160+0.078+19.62 litres] =183.67 litres.

Note: 1.If the flexible fluid column of the sea side boat is showing 10 meters and the fluid emptied in

the tank is less than the expected, then there is an error in the filling process, like air bubble.

2. The fluid column in the hill side boat reached has 0 level, but the fluid has not reached the flexible

tube of the sea side boat, then there is a block in the tube.

3. The fluid column in the flexible tube is showing 10 meters or less but more fluid in the tank has

been utilized than expected, then we can suspect a leak from the system.

Picture 18: Tank fluid measurer with marker floating object .

Pipe connecting system of the hill side boat level meter:

The out let pipe of the tank is connected to the inlet of the motor. The inlet of the motor also has an

additional pipe with foot valve for collecting the fluid from the seaside boat tank. The two inlet

channels are operated by the controlling valves. When the motor is pumping the fluid from the

hillside boat tank to the hill side boat fluid column, the valve of the additional connection is closed.

The outlet pipe from the motor has two paths, one goes to the fluid column, anothe r goes to the

tank itself. When the motor is pumping the fluid to the fluid column, the channel that goes to the

tank is closed. When the motor is collecting the fluid from the seaside boat, the hillside tanks out let

pipe valve is closed, and the outlet pipe from the motor to the fluid column is closed and thus the

fluid is pumped back in to the hillside boat tank. The out let pipe from the fluid column is connected

to the tape tube.

Tape tube:

The tape tube is the one which connects the fluid from the hi ll side boat to the sea side boat. It is

two kilometres in length for practical convenience. The internal diameter of the tube is ‘One

centimetre’. When the fluid is completely filled the volume of the fluid filling the tube becomes 157

litres (approximately 160 litres).

Tube characteristics:

The tube is made in such a way that,

1. It should not collapse easily even with the external pressure.

2. The lumen patency should be maintained properly at tube turns, at bends and at curves.

3. It should have the great strength to withstand good weight, especially the weight created by the

tube itself and some time the weight of the boat and the water creatures which attaches to the tube

and the tube should not break or tear easily.

4. Better, if it is transparent.

5. The tube wall may be made by the flexible steel mesh with plastic/synthetic wall.

6. It should be floating on the water so wall of the tube should be incorporated with air pockets.

7. It should have marking for measurement.

Fluid characteristics:

The fluid should have the following characteristics,

1. It is liquid with wide variation of temperature.

2. Low viscosity with easily moving property (Fluid kinetics).

3. Non toxic to the aquatics and humans, even if the fluid leaks/breaks and enters the river.

4. Non volatile.

5. Should not stick to the wall of the tube.

6. Should not allow the growth of the fungus, bacteria’s and water plants.

7. It should be sterile.

8. Non inflammable.

9. Non allergic to the human skin, if it comes in contact.

10. Free from impurities, mud, stones and other obstructing particles.

The tube is made to float on the water by creating an air containing tube/ bag/ bladder either

around the tube (called ‘tube in tube technique’) or the fluid tube is connected or fixed to the air

tube so that the fluid tube is always floats on the river.

Why we need to make the fluid tube to float on the river?

1. It is because the floor of the river is uneven, so the length may vary according to the river floor

characteristics and it may form many folds or curves in the tube.

2. If the tube struck in between the two rocks at the floor of the river, we may have the difficulty in

releasing the tube and sometimes the tube may be damaged, we may get the false reading and loss

of connecting fluid can occur.

3. If the tube is at the floor it is difficult to visualize the tube for its course (it may go in zigzag fashion

and the length of the river in readings increases and which is not the true length).

4. It is not possible to see the markings over the tube to mark the data related to the river coarse like

starting point of the forest, presence of the temple and other events.

A telecommunication cable can also be incorporated in the tape tube for better communication

apart from the aerial system of telecommunication.

The markings are done on the air tube in ‘tube in tube technology’ and both over the air tube and

the fluid tube when the fluid tube is attached to the air tube. The markings are done from 0 to

2000meters. The 0 meter end is at the seaside boat and the 2000 meters end is at the hill side boat.

The air filled tape tube is rolled in the tape tube roller at the hillside board as the sea side boat

towards it.

Picture 19: Tape tubes .

The components of the sea side boat level meter.

Picture 20: The components of the sea side boat level meter.

This contains the tape tube roller which rolls the tape tube as the seaside boat travels towards the

hillside boat. The connecting tube connects the fluid from the tape tube roller to the measuring fluid

column roller, it also contain the drainage tube with the valve through which all the fluid in the

measuring fluid column is drained before it is rolled. The measuring fluid column can be elevated up

to 20 meters height, it has marking from 0 to 20 meters, the 0 meter marking is at the level of the

liver ring, the top 20 meters mark is the just beneath the error chamber, with the grill at both the

end to hold the floating marking object in situ. This tube is raised with the help of the aerial stand. If

by mistake the fluid enters the error chamber then the valve at the filling end is closed. The camera

is made to slide on its path and it is stopped when it reaches the floating object and the level at that

point is recorded and informed to the hillside boat for correlating with the volume of fluid used at

the hillside boat tank. The RCS soft ware will also have the data related to the level versus fluid used.

The valves are kept at the beginning and at the end of all the tube system, for better control and for

repair purposes.

Pre filled fluid pipe technique:

Picture 21: Pre filled fluid technique for Plain river survey level meter.

In this system the tape tube always contains the pre filled fluid inside the pipe and the volume of the

fluid is about 160 litres. At the first time the fluid has to be filled to the entire tube system, when the

fluid in the hillside boats fluid column reaches 0 meters the level in the flexible fluid column is

measured and recorded, and then the ‘Connector valve – tape tube-hillside boat end’ and the

‘Connector valve – tape tube-seaside boat end’ is closed, so that the fluid inside the tape tube is

locked inside and it is static. And the tape tubes are rolled with the fluid in situ. The remaining fluid

inside the flexible fluid column at the seaside boat is collected through the drainage tube in a

container and then the empty flexible fluid column is rolled back. Then the sea side boat starts its

journey and reaches the hillside boat by collecting the tape tube in the roller. When once the seaside

boat reaches the hillside boat, the tape tube is rolled back in to the hillside tube tape roller and the

fluid collected is given to the hillside boat, and then the hillside boat starts its journey by gradually

releasing the tape tube, and reaches 2 kilometre distance. As the hillside boat starts its journey, the

seaside boat rise the flexible fluid column and waits for the message from the hillside boat for

reaching the next landmark at 2 kilometres distance. When once the seaside boat gets the message

from the hillside boat, the seaside boat can open the valve (After complete elevation of the flexible

fluid column), but the fluid will not rise/enter in to the flexible fluid column till the valves on either

the sides are opened by the theory of negative pressure. The valve of the hillside boat en d is opened

after starting the filling process in to the hillside boat fluid column, otherwise the air column may

form inside the tape tube and we may get wrong readings.

When once the valves are opened at both the ends of the tape tube, the fluid enters the flexible

fluid column, then the fluid level at the hillside boat end tape tube decreases, and the accurate value

has to be identified by filling the fluid to the fluid column of the hillside boat till 0 meter level and

the information is passed to the seaside boat and the reading at the flexible fluid column is taken

and informed to the hillside boat for correlation. In this system the amount of fluid filled is only

minimal, that is to fill the fluid in the flexible fluid column of the sea side boat. The pre filled fluid

present in the tape tube (157 Litters) and the fluid in the hillside boat fluid column (4 Litters),

becomes constant and the total volume is 161 litres. The fluid to be filled, depend on the level

difference between the hill side and sea side boat. For example, if the level difference is 10 meters,

then the fluid consumption becomes 19.62 litres that we need to fill at the hillside boat fluid column

and with this calculations/table the errors can be identified.

Advantages and the disadvantages of the tank and pre filled tube systems of the level meter.

Level meter with

tank.

Pre filled tube

system.

Advan

tages.

1. Accurate

estimation of the

fluid used and

thus we can

correlate with

level difference.

2. The back

pulling weight of

the tube tape is

1. There is no

need to have a

tank of 210 litres

in the hill side

boat, because

4+157 litres of

the fluid is

already present

in the hillside

less by 160 litres

(approximately

160 kilograms)

and thus there is

less strain to the

boats engine

(There is

reduction in the

weight strain to

the boats engine

as the air tube

around the fluid

pipe holds the

tape tube over

the surface of the

water).

boat fluid

column and the

tape tube.

2. The overall

procedure

consumes less

time and thus

the speed in the

work is more.

Disadv

antage

s

1. Comparatively

slow process

because each

time we need to

fill the entire tape

tube and thus the

work is delayed.

1. Chances of

block, formation

of the air column

are more.

B. Rapid survey level meter:

The falls and rapid survey team will use this instrument. All the parts used here are similar to the

plain river survey team except for the few differences.

1. All the parts of the level meter are made in a compact and detachable way, so that it is carried to

the river shore and set there.

2. The pre filled or the empty tape tube is attached to the sailor at the sea end of the tube and the

tube is rolled in the roller at the hill end side, so that when the hill side roller is fixed at the river

shore the sailor is made to flow in the river rapid with its water current carrying the tip of the tape

tube, when it reaches the desired place that is at the convenient place at the bottom of the rapid the

sailor is caught and detached from the tape tube and connected to the flexible fluid column at the

sea side end.

3. The flexible fluid column is increased to 50 meters if we suspect more level difference between

the starting and the ending point of the rapid. Since the height of the aerial of the vertical fluid

column is 50 meters which is more as compared to 20 meters in the plain river survey level meter,

the tip of the aerial is attached with radial wire to prevent the bending of the fluid column with its

own weight, especially when it is filled with fluid (The weight will further increase when the fluid

enter the fluid column for level estimation).

Picture 22: Rapid survey level meter.

The ‘sailor’ is nothing but the air tube attached to

the sailor board, and it is connected to the tip of the tape tube (sea si de end) with the help of the

wires in the sailing plane.

Picture 23: Sailor of the Rapid survey level meter.

Other uses of the Rapid survey level mater:

The rapid survey level can also be used to estimate the falls with less than 50 meters of the height.

C. Land survey level meter:

The land survey level mater also works on the same principle as the plain river level meter with few

differences, like,

1. It is also created in a detachable and portable way and the instrument is set at the site of the

survey.

2. Both the fluid columns (The hill end and the sea end) are of flexible/ roll able fluid columns only.

3. The height of both the fluid columns are equal, that is 10 meters only (Or even less) and the

marking are also in the same type.

4. The hillside level meter and the sea side level mater fluid column tubes are raised at the starting

point at higher level that is at the hill side point (see next graph), the hill side fluid column is fixed at

the starting point according to the guiding point given by the central team.

Picture 24: Land survey level meter - hill side and sea side level meter fluid column placed together.

5. The fluid column is filled with fluid for the equal distance (see previous graph), that is at 5 meters

height after interconnecting the fluid connecting fluid tube of 2 kilometres with markings as usual,

that is 0 meters towards the sea side end and 2000 meters towards hillside end (This tube has no air

tube as in river survey tape tube, but will have a telecommunication cable for communication).

6. The mobile sea side end team will either walk or go by a vehicle or by a boat maintaining (see next

graph) the fluid level above 5 meters in a gradually increasing fashion and reach the 2 kilometres

end.

Picture 25: Land survey level meter - Sea side level meter fluid column moved 1 kilometre towards

the sea side from the hill side fluid column.

7. After reaching the 2 kilometres, the level difference is noted. For example, the hill side column is

showing 2 meters reading and the sea side column is showing 8 meters then the level difference

between the two points is 6 meters.

Picture 26: Land survey level meter - Sea side level meter fluid column moved 2 kilometres towards

the sea side from the hill side fluid column.

8. The level difference may be pre programmed. For example, the points given by the central team is

– connect – ‘Godavari, land mark 250, kilometres 500, Height above mean sea level 480 meters’ with

‘Krishna, land mark 120, kilometres 240, Height above mean sea level 450 meters’, (additional data

by the tonal office: Air distance between the above points is 200 kilometres, possible pathway

distance by air survey is 300 kilometres). With this above data the land survey team has to maintain

the level difference of 0.2 meters (20 centimetres) per 2 kilometres.

2.7. Flow meter.

The Flow meter is the instruments used to measure the flow velocity of the river. This is important

to know the flow of water in the river as at places the water may be present in a larger quantity as

shown by the scanner, but the velocity may be less. If we select this place for feeding the primary

channel, the water may get empty very soon, unless it is filled fast by the feeding river.

And in the same river the velocity may be different at different places, may be fast in the cen tral

area and slow in the periphery, so, we need to take velocity at different places, in the same cross

sectional line and then the average of all the values.

The difference between the speedometer and the flow meters used in this programme are, the

speedometer used along with the axis meter gives the speed at which the boat or the ship which

moves in relation to the axis and thus the distance travelled with the axis is recorded, the flow meter

is the instrument which gives the velocity of the river at which the river flows.

The velocity of the river/flow meter is recorded as shown in the picture.

Picture 27: Flow meter.

If we create the dome of the flow meter fan with the radius of 10 centimetres, then the

circumference (2 π R) of the dome becomes 62.8 centimetres that means one rotation of the flow

meter cable gives the value of 62.8 centimetres. If the cable is rotating 2 time in a second that

means the velocity of the river becomes 125.6 centimetres per second or 7536 centimetres per

minute or 75.36 meters per minute or 4521.6 meters per hour or 4.52 kilometres per hour. The air

tube present in the flow meter makes only half of the fan to immerse in the flowing water, so the

upper reverse turning fan will not have the water resistance, and thus the fan will turn easily. The

fan turning is not only depends on the flow of the river water but also depends on the resistance

offered by the turning apparatus, so there is a need to make this resistance zero.

2.8. River scanner.

The method that is ideal for scanning the river is by utilizing the ultrasound energy. Ultrasound has

been used as a navigational and detection aid by the bat for millions of years. The man has not

started extensive use of ultrasound until the second world wars. With the enormous potential o f

military research programs, ultrasound technology rapidly developed. Most of the equipments used

initially were industrial-type ultrasound devices for detecting flows in metal and these ultrasonic

devices generally known as “ultrasonoscopes”. The major advantages of these devices are the non-

invasive and non-ionizing nature of sound waves and their relatively low cost when compared to X-

Ray, Magnetic Resonance (MR) and others.

Over the last decade, the diagnostic usefulness of the equipment has been vastl y improved as better

instruments were developed and in several diagnostic fields, ultrasound technique has shown to be

superior to other methods.

In Ultrasound examination of the river, images representing river structure are formed by

transmitting sound waves into the river and receiving back and processing the resultant echoes from

the river. The process is similar to an ocean-going vessels “depth sounding” equipment or oceanic

survey equipment. All of these systems make use of sound waves and their re flections.

For the reason of physical and technological limitations, ultrasound method also suffers from

restrictions in imaging and applications as does other technique.

Apart from the geometric distortion of the image display, another important limitation is the

Resolution. Higher frequency ultrasound gives better resolution, but attenuation in the physical

medium also increases with increased frequency. Therefore, a compromise has to be made between

resolution and penetration depth.

Frequency Low High

Resolution Better

Penetration Better

Due to the nature of ultrasound propagation, strong reflection of ultrasound beam from boundaries

between water and air or boundaries between water and stone may prohibit normal scanning.

Physics and Principles:

In this section, some basic concepts are defined and explained as foundational knowledge to

introduce and understand ultrasound system.

* Properties of Propagation.

- Velocity and Frequency.

- Reflection.

- Refraction.

- Diffraction.

- Scattering.

- Attenuation etc.

* Transducer and Impedance Matching.

* Doppler Effect.

* Pulse Ultrasound.

The Nature of Ultrasound:

- Mechanical vibration or wave.

- With frequencies above the range of human ear which is greater than 20 kHz.

- Obeys the same physical laws as wave.

Sound Spectra:

0 to 20

Hz

20Hz to

20 kHz

20

kHz

to 1

MHz

1MHz to

30 MHz

30MH

z and

above.

Infrare

d

Sound

Audible

Sound

Diagnos

tic

Imaging

Velocity:

- Dependent on the medium and temperature.

- The relation between the velocity and the frequency is mentioned in the following the equation:

Velocity = Frequency × Wavelength ( l ).

- Approximate velocity of sound in distilled water medium is 1540 meters per second.

Specific Acoustic Impedance:

- The specific acoustic impedance Z is defined as the product of the density of a medium and the

velocity of the sound in that medium.

- Basic concept to understand ultrasound wave reflection.

Reflection:

Reflection is,

- One of the basic principles of ultrasound diagnosis.

- Occurs at areas of acoustic impedance mismatch.

- Divided into several different types including:

Specular Reflections: which occurs at large change in impedance producing a large reflection and

also reducing the continuing wave amplitude.

Medium Reflections: which occur with dense structures.

Diffuse Reflections: which occur with soft structures.

Refraction:

When a propagating ultrasound wave encounters a Specular interface at an oblique angle, it is

Refracted in the same way as the light is refracted through a lens. The portion of the wave that is not

reflected continues into the second medium. It is dependent on the velocities of the two medium. If

the velocities are equal, there would be no refraction occurred and the beam goes straight into the

second medium. For the velocities of the different medium are quite close, refraction's can be

ignored.

000

Diffraction:

If an ultrasound beam passes an obstacle within a distance of 1 or 2 wavelengths, its directio n of

propagation is deflected by diffraction as shown in the figure. The closer the beam is to the

diffracting object, the greater the deflection is.

Scattering:

Scattering occurs when small particles absorb part of the ultrasound energy and re -radiate it in all

directions as a spherical field. This means that the transducer can be positioned at any angle to the

ultrasound beam and still receive echoes back. Scattering allows reflections from objects even

smaller than the wavelength. Many biological interfaces have irregular surfaces, tending to give

scatter-like reflection, which is quite useful, as it will give at least some echoes even though the

beam is not directly perpendicular to the reflecting interface.

Backscatter:

Backscatter or Rayleigh scattering occurs with structures smaller than the transmitted wavelength.

Reflected energy is very low, but contributes to the texture of the image.

Attenuation:

Attenuation of ultrasound wave occurs when it is propagating through the medium. Loss of

propagating energy will be in the form of heat absorbed by the medium, approximately 1

dB/cm/MHz, or caused by wave front dispersion or wave scattering.

Transducer:

The transducer is the component which, when connected to the ultrasound equipment, transmits

the ultrasound and receives its reflections or echoes from the medium. Transducer is one of the

most important components of the ultrasound system.

Impedance matching:

-To transmit as much power as possible from transducer to the tissue.

Doppler Effect:

In ultrasound imaging echoes received from one medium will be at the same frequency as the

transmitted beam. However, if echoes received are from one medium which contains moving

particles like sand or mud or plant pieces or algae that are moving, the transmitted and received

frequencies will not be the same. This “shifted” frequency can be used to determine the relative

velocity and the direction of the moving particles. This effect is known as the Doppler Principle.

Essentially, the greater the frequency shift, the higher the velocity of the moving object.

Additionally, particle movement toward the transducer results in a higher received frequency, and

movement away results in a lower received frequency.

Linear Array with continuous scanning may be better for river scanning. Linear array is characterized

by,

- Rectangular Scan Format

- Large Aperture

- Wide View at Near Field

- Smaller Effect over Side areas.

The river is scanned by fixing one pole each on either the sides of the river and the scanner path way

is created between the two poles, and the transducer is made to pass along the path and the river is

scanned and then the cross sectional area is calculated as explained earlier.

Picture 28: River scanning.

Level measurer in the river for future ultra sonographic studies:

Picture 29: Level measurer in the river.

It is nothing but a strong pole installed in a suitable place in the river in the scanner path. During

scanning we need to note down the distance between the transducer and the surface of the river

(distance ‘a’), the distance between the transducer and the tip of the level measurer (distance ‘b’)

and the total length of the level measurer (t). Then we will be calculating the flow in the river as

mentioned earlier by utilizing the ultrasound picture, for the present height in the level measurer ‘x’.

Then the X = t + b – a. We can manually also see the X value on the level measurer.

The river flow may increase or decrease in the future and in different seasons. If we want to know

the flow in the river at different time, sitting in the office at some particular time, we can use the

same scanning picture and can estimate the flow by drawing an imaginary line over the scanning

picture that we obtained in the past at the future X level (this information we will get from the local

field worker). In the above formula the ‘t’ and ‘b’ values are constant, so we can estimate the ‘a’

value as we get different readings ‘X’ over the level measurer in meters for drawing the imaginary

line. And thus we can estimate the flow at any time in the river by just seeing the level ‘X’ at the level

measurer in the river.

We can install level measurer in the process of river scanning in the first setting in few places like

proximal to the site where one river joins to the other, distal to the river meeting points, proximal to

the falls, distal to the falls, proximal and distal to the river diversions and at other places. The level

measurers can be used to signal the dangers in the lower river living areas, as we see some

measured values in the past and we can take this clue of excess flow for storing excess water in the

reservoirs.

2.9. Fall’s height measuring instrument.

The falls height measuring unit is the one instrument used to measure the falls height without taking

high risk tasks at falls site like getting inside the water or climbing the rock ect.

This instrument basically composed of an aerial tube system for forwarding the tube till the place

that we need in front of the falls, after fixing the entire unit in a safe and convenient place at the top

of the falls. Safety lock rods are fixed on either the sides of the unit over the rock in case if the unit is

damaged and falls (in case of old instruments or improperly fixed instruments). The aerial tube

instrument is never operated from the vehicle like lorry and others or if the uni t is operated fixed

over the lorry or a truck then the entire lorry or the truck is fixed to the earth without putting weight

over the wheels (The various models can be discussed and the suitable can be adopted according to

the need and the cost). It also contains a tape system and a camera system for recording the falls

height.

In the beginning after selecting the suitable place either at the top of the falls or at the front hill the

fixing rod is fixed by drilling the rock, the safety locks are fixed around the site and safety fencing is

done, then the base unit is fixed, then the closed aerial tube system is fixed over the base unit in a

closed position, then the camera system and the tape systems are fixed (that is the camera wire

roller with the camera case holding wire with the camera case and the tape roller and the tape

system).

The entire site is visualized, suitable axis and the angle is selected, the aerial tube system is

forwarded till the convenient site in front of the falls, the tape is released and it is fixed to the

bottom fixate, the camera case is downed to the bottom to 0 meters in the tape and it is gradually

raised till the tip of the falls and next at the iron pole fixed at the top of the falls, so we will get all

the readings like distance between the bottom and the top of the falls and the iron pole fixed at the

top for our further activities.

Picture 30: Fall’s height measuring instrument.

The aerial tube system composed of, 10 tubes of gradually increasing in diameter fixed inside one

another, and each tube’s length is 10 meters (the exact length can be decided after studying all the

falls present in India), and tubes are arranged in such a way that the inner tube will project only for 5

meters from the tip of the outer tube. And the markings are done in such a way that the inner most

tube tip is marked 0 meters at the distal end and the markings are done in increasing fashion

proximally. The entire unit is placed inside the aerial tube case. The metal used for this instrument

should be light in weight but strong in strength.

Picture 31: Aerial tube system of fall’s height measuring instrument.

This system has got a mechanism for forwarding the aerial tube by the motor and the mechanical

forceps operating system for smooth pulling and pushing of the tube system. And it also has a roller

for rolling and releasing the tape and the camera case holding wire and the camera wire.

Picture 32: The front portion of the aerial tube system.

The tape will be passing through the camera case for the purpose of recording. The camera wire and

the supporting wire will support the camera case

Internal organization of the Aerial tube system:

Picture 33: Internal organization of the Aerial tube system.

There are 10 tubes of gradually increasing in size are created. The length is 10meters. The thickness

of the tube in the middle 5 meters is 1cms and the distal and the proximal 2.5 meters is 2cms, and it

is created in such a way that the tube thicker inside by 1cms at the distal 2.5mts and thicker outside

by 1cms at the proximal 2.5 meters. The internal diameter of the inner most tube is 5cms. The

diameters of the tube system are mentioned in this table.

Tube [Tube thickness at the distal

2.5mts] [Internal diameter at the

distal 2.5mts] [External diameter at

the distal 2.5mts]

[Tube thickness at the middle

5mts] [Internal diameter at the

middle 5mts] [External diameter at

the middle 5mts]

[Tube thickness at the proximal

2.5mts] [Internal diameter at the

proximal 2.5mts] [External

diameter at the proximal 2.5mts]

Inner

tube of

the case

[2cms][1cms][5cms]

[2cms ][1cms][5cms]

[2cms][1cms][5cms]

1 (Inner

tube)

[1cms][5cms][7cms]

[1cms][5cms][7cms]

[2cms][5cms][9cms]

2 [2cms][7cms][11cms]

[1cms][9cms][11cms]

[2cms][9cms][13cms]

3 [2cms][11cms][15cms]

[1cms][13cms][15cms]

[2cms][13cms][17cms]

4 [2cms][15cms][19cms]

[1cms][17cms][19cms]

[2cms][17cms ][21cms]

5 [2cms][19cms][23cms]

[1cms][21cms][23cms]

[2cms][21cms][25cms]

6 [2cms][23cms][27cms]

[1cms][25cms][27cms]

[2cms][25cms][29cms]

7 [2cms][27cms][31cms]

[1cms][29cms][31cms]

[2cms][29cms][33cms]

8 [2cms][31cms][35cms]

[1cms][33cms][35cms]

[2cms][33cms][37cms]

9 [2cms][35cms][39cms]

[1cms][37cms][39cms]

[2cms][37cms][41cms]

10 (outer

tube)

[2cms][39cms][43cms]

[1cms][41cms][43cms]

[2cms][41cms][44cms]

outer

tube of

the case

[3cms][43cms][49cms]

[2cms][45cms][49cms]

[2cms][45cms][49cms]

Aerial pipe front piece:

This a separate unit fixed at the front of the each sliding aerial tube, it is in a ring shape, made up of

light metal, with rubber tubing on either the sides. These rubber tubing will act like a lubricant seal

as the pipe is moving front and back, it also wipes the lubricant over the tube as the tube is moving

forward. It is fixed to the aerial tubes by screws after all the aerial tubes are arranged one inside the

other, so that the aerial tube will not cause pressure damage over the back plate of the tube case. It

has got multiple extra fittings, like ports for the passage of the tape system, ports for the passage of

the camera case supporting wire and the camera wire, pins for fixing the forceps for forwarding and

receding the tube system, bolt fixing sites called tube locks for fixing the inner tube with the outer

tube when once the inner tube is completely forwarded.

Lubricant system of the aerial tubes:

An ideal lubricant is used to make this entire tube system to move smoothly on one another. For

which the lubricant chambers are created on either the sides of the case with a compressor/ spring

system, when the aerial tube are in closed position the spring will expand as the pressure inside the

case (Hallow space) decreases and the lubricant will enter the space by the multiple holes present in

the middle 5 meters of the aerial tubes and as the pressure inside the hallow space is increasing as

the tubes are moving forward and the empty space becoming nil the lubricant will re -enter in the

lubricant chamber.

Fall’s height measuring tape:

The falls height measuring tape reading starts from tape weight from 1 meter, it is fixe d to the

bottom fixate 1 meter above the water surface at the bottom of the falls. Before the tape weight is

fixed to the tape, it is inserted through the ports for the passage of the tape in the front piece of the

aerial tubes, then it is passed through the camera case, then the tape weight is fixed. The sides of

the tape are made with the thick wires so that the markings over the tape are not scratched.

Different varieties of tape may be made like circular tape with the depressed marking dents and

others according to the need, convenience and cost benefit.

Picture 34: Falls height measuring tape:

Camera case:

The purpose of creating the camera case is to visualize the structure of the falls in relation to the

different height of the falls, and there should be a facility to visualize the surrounding area (either

the camera or the entire camera case should be able to rotate on their axis) in case if the falls are

arranged in a semicircle.

So, the camera case will contain two cameras, one will be focusing on the tape measurement, and

the other will be focusing on the structure of the falls and both the images are recorded side by side.

The falls area will have lot of mist, so there should be a system for condensing the mist and making it

in to water and drain it, and a wiping system for cleaning the glass in front of the camera for clear

pictures. And proper lighting system is made both inside and outside the camera case.

Picture 35: Camera case.

Different verities of camera case like circular, rectangular and others can be made with multiple

facilities and options based on the need, convenience and cost benefit.

Other systems:

There is a system for rolling the tape and releasing the tape.

There is a system for rolling and releasing the camera case supporting wire and the camera wire.

There is a system for locking and unlocking the forceps.

There is a system for forwarding and receding the aerial tubes with the motor is created.

The liver of the aerial tube case is fixed with the water level measurer, so that when the case is

turned to different direction, the angle of the case is recorded in relation to the water level.

And at the top of the base fixate a magnet with north south axis is placed, when the aerial tube is

turned to different direction its axis is recorded in relation to the north south axis.

The base fixate is fixed over the iron pole fixed at the top of the falls at a safe place.

2.10. Land tube with Level Measuring Pipes.

This is one simple instrument, can be used by all the engineering system and the people involved in

the survey work. When once the river and their tributaries survey is over, the local engineering and

the survey team (For example ‘district RCS creating committee’) can utilize one of the survey board

as their basic point and can start their work of estimating the sea level in their water path ways by

utilizing this instrument and this will be useful in the future for creating miniature reticular system

locally in their own area for making their area entirely irrigated in a systematic way.

We need to place the closed two kilometre pipe (Non collapsible lumen) along the course of the

water path way which may contain water or may be a dry path. It is better if the village panchayat

places the land mark in a similar way as the central team for creating the future miniature reticular

canal system in their area. The starting point of the survey is placing the se aside end of the tube at

the nearest land mark placed by the central team at the river or at its tributary. And the tube has to

be placed along the course of the water path way in an ascending course. Then the two meter

vertical pipe is fitted at the hill side end with the help of the L bent with the lock, the multiple tubes

are fitted one above the other at the sea side end with the help of the L bent and the lock and it is

kept straight with the help of the foldable ladder (The foldable ladder may be fitted with the water

level with the vertical arrow). The vertical pipe is adjusted along the vertical arrow.

When once the tubes are set the water is filled at the hillside vertical tube till the fluid reaches the

one meter level at the hillside tube and it is measured with the help of the measuring tape. At that

movement the water level at the sea side end is measured with the help of the measuring tape and

the level are noted and marked (we may need to lessen one meter from the seaside reading for one

meter reading at the hill side end water column). And the land markings are done in the standard

way as the central team does for the river. And the records are maintained at the village panchayat

office and submitted to the Tahsildars and district commissioner for composing the data.

Picture 36: Land tube with Level Measuring Pipes.

2.11. Survey boards (Land mark boards).

Survey boards are nothing but the metal boards that are fixed at the exact site of the land marks

which contains the necessary information for future activities. It will be one of the useful tool for

identifying the exact spot with exact value like the level and the distance from the river costal point,

and this fixed information can be used by the central team for identifying the locations for t he

primary channel sites and for the local team for creating miniature RCS in their own areas.

What information’s are to be put in the survey boards?

1. Board number: This number is given by the Government of India for avoiding errors in survey

system. All the boards are prepared by the central team and mentioned like ‘GOI -Z1-000001’. In

which GOI means Government of India, Z1 means Zone 1, 000001 is the serial number given. The

survey team which does the survey will record their information in relation to this survey number

and it is recorded in the file, electronic system, and the video clipping are taken at that spot to cross

check in the future if any doubt arises regarding the displacement / replacement / destruction of the

survey board. The numbers are serially prepared and given to each zone.

2. Name of the River/Tributary –‘R/T’. For example ‘R- KAVERI’ is written in case of river. ‘T- KABINI -

T TO KAVERI-600’ is written in case of tributary. ‘T TO KAVERI 600’ means Tributary to River Kaveri at

600 kilometres from the river tributary point, where the tributary survey will start from 600

kilometre survey board of river Kaveri.

3. Distance value- DI. Is mentioned in kilometres, for example DI -600 kames, Where DI is the

distance, 600 is the actual distance from the costal river point, Kms is kilometres. In case of tributary

the distance mentioned is the distance from the point where the tributary joins the river.

4. Level value-LE. Is mentioned in meters, for example LE- 400 mts, Where LE is the level above the

mean sea level, 400 is the actual height above the mean sea level, mts is meters.

5. Name of the place-PL. Is the nearest place (Name of the village panchayat) on the south and west

cost of the river, because all the land marks are placed over the south and west cost of the river in

case of rivers and in the coastal area in case of sea. For example - PL - T. Narasipura.

6. Name of the taluk-TK. The name of the taluk to which the place belongs is mentioned. If the river

is flowing between the two taluk, then the south and west taluk is mentioned in the board. For

Example TK- T. Narasipura .

7. Name of the district-DT. The district to which the taluk belong . For Example DT- Mysore.

8. Name of the state-ST. The state to which the district belong . For example ST-KA .

9. Land Marking Number-LMN : Is the number given by the survey team once in every 2 kilometres

in case of plain river survey and once in one kilometre in case of falls and rapid survey, once in 2

kilometres in case of costal survey. For example LMN-300 in case of example 1(R-Kaveri), and LMN-

300-A in case of example 2 (T – Kabini – T to R – Kaveri) .

So, the empty board is prepared like this,

India.

GOI-Z1-000001

R/T:

DI : kms.

LE : mts.

PL :

TK :

DT :

ST :

LMN:

To the empty board the information’s are added over at the site of survey and it is welded or carved.

Example1.

India.

GOI-Z1-001601

R/T: R- KAVERI.

DI : 600 kms

LE : 400 mts

PL : T. NARASIPURA.

TK : T. NARASIPURA.

DT : MYSORE.

ST : KA.

LMN: 300

Example 2,

India.

GOI-Z1-001602

R/T: T- KABINI-T TO R- KAVERI-601.

DI : 601 kms

LE : 402 mts

PL : T. NARASIPURA.

TK : T. NARASIPURA.

DT : MYSORE.

ST : KA.

LMN: 300-A.

The survey boards are fixed in such a way that during the process of canal creation it should not be

destroyed or displaced or the future canal land marks are given little away from the land marks

made by the central team. It is because even after the creation of the primary channels, these exact

land marking information’s are required by the local authority for creating miniature RCS in their

own area by utilizing these exact information’s. If we displace survey boards each time before doing

canal creation work by different team, ultimately it may land up in a wrong place with wrong

information and the future canal with this wrong information may have many problems for water

flow.

Note: We need not survey and the fix the survey boards all along the course of the river. For

example the river Ganga arises in the Himalaya at Gangothri at an elevation of 7010 meters above

the mean sea level, and the total length of the Ganga river is 2525 kilometres, but at Rishikesh ( It is

30 kilometres from Haridwar) that is after travelling only 250 kilometres (The distance between the

Gangothri to Rishikesh is 250 kilometres) the river level is only 240 meters above the mean sea

level, that means there is a fall of 6770 meters in 250 kilometres, so this 250 kilometres is a path of

many rapids and falls, and it is a waste if we do survey till the height of 7010 meters, because we are

not going to use this information in the future for our activities. Now the question is till what height

we need to survey? The answer is we need to survey, for 50 to 100 meters above the maximum level

available for creating the primary channel at the land between the Himalayan range and Vindya

range of hills. Like this most of the rivers and their tributaries arising from the Himalaya need not be

surveyed till their origin.

In the same way - at state level for secondary channel, at the district level for tertiary channel, and at

the village panchayat level for quaternary channel creation, the water way survey is done by using

the basic information fixed by the central team and also by using maps with level and distance value

released from the central team for the use of state, district and village panchayat government. And

the levels and the distances are measured and the survey boards are fi xed in the same standard way.

A colour code, different size plate, different size letter may be standardized for easy identification of

the boards put by the central team, state team, district team and the village panchayat team. An

example is given here,

State Karnataka.

GOKA-1- 0001

R/T: T - X - T- TO T- KABINI-100.

DI : 20 kms

LE : 600 mts

PL : VILLAGE X.

TK : T. NARASIPURA.

DT : MYSORE.

ST : KA.

LMN: KA10-A.

2.12. RCS soft ware.

It is the soft ware used to record the information’s obtained during the process of survey, for editing

the information’s, for storing the information both digitally and graphically, for transferring the

information’s from one place to another and form one computer to the other through

communication system and through hard ware like CD/DVD, for compiling the information’s, for

creating the maps with digital data or the axis data , for identifying the errors and giving the caution,

and for giving help or suggestions and thus to make the entire work smooth, accurate and easy for

all the works in the present and in the future times.

File:

Edit:

View:

Insert:

Format:

Tools:

Help:

File: In

RCS soft

ware is

the

folder

New: Which is the

new folder opened

to store the

information both in

digital and graphical

opened

to store

the

informa

tion’s.

formats

Open: To open the

already existing

folder in the hard

ware to proceed

with our work /to

add /to delete/to

modify the

information’s.

Close: To close the

file.

Save: To save the

digital, graphical and

other information’s

obtained during the

survey. In RCS Soft

ware it is better to

save the

information’s in

relations to the

distance, level, and

land mark basis.

Save as: Is the

particular name

given to the file.

Search: Is to search

the information’s

already existing in

the file. For example

River Kaveri –

Distance 551

kilometres: Search

level and place, the

soft should be able

to show the level,

e.g.: 600 and the

place T. Narasipura.

Because it is already

stored in the soft

ware.

Versions: Digital /

Graphical /

Illustrations /

Combinations (to

display all in one

screen/ as per

choice). The details

are mentioned next

to this table1.

Web page preview

Page set up

Print preview

Print

Sent to ( to

communicate with

others for the

needful work)

Mail

recipient

Mail

recipient

for review

Mail

recipient as

attachment

Routing

recipient

Exchange

folder

Online

meeting

participant

Fax

recipient

Power

point

Properties

Documents:/C

Exit

Edit Undo

Redo

Cut (Even after

cutting the graph,

the graph should

maintain its all the

properties if we are

pasting the same in

the other RCS soft

ware)

Copy (Even after

copying the graph,

the graph should

maintain its all the

properties if we are

pasting the same in

the other RCS soft

ware)

Office clipboard

Paste

Paste special

Clear Format

Content

Select all

Find

Replace

Go to

Links

Object

View Normal

Web layout

Print layout

Graph only

Digital data only

Graph with digital

data

Tool bar Standard

Formatting

Auto text

Control

tool box

Data base

Drawing

Forms

Frames

Mail merge

Out lining

Picture

Reviewing

Tables and

Borders

Visual basic

Web

Web tools

Word

count

Word art

Customize

Task panel

Ruler

Document map

Header and Footer

Mark up

Full screen

Zoom

Insert Break

Page number

Date and time

Auto text New

Attention

line

Closing

Header/Fo

oter

Mailing

instructions

Reference

initials

Reference

line

Subject line

Field

Symbol

Comment

Reference Foot note

Caption

Cross

reference

Index and

tables

Web component

Picture Clip art

From file

From

scanner

From

camera

Organizatio

n chart

New

drawing

Auto

shapes

Word art

Chart

Diagram

Text box

File

Object

Book mark

Hyper link

Format Font

Paragraph

Bullets and

Numbering

Border and Shading

Columns

Tabs

Drop cap

Text direction

Change case

Back ground

Theme

Frames

Auto format

Styles and

Formatting

Reveal formatting

Object

Tools Spelling and

Grammar

Language

Fix Broken text

Word count

Auto summarize

Speech

Track changes

Compare and merge

document

Protect document

Online collaboration

Letters and mailing

Tools on the web

Macro

Templates and Add

Ins…

Auto correct options

Customize

Options

Tables Draw table

Insert

Delete

Select

Merge cells

Split cells

Split table

Table auto format

Auto fit

Heading rows repeat

Convert

Sort

Formula

Hide grid lines

Table properties

Help Word help

Graphic help

Office assistant

What’s this?

Office on the web

Activate product

About RCS soft ware

RCS Soft ware

perfect

Detect and repair

RCS on

work

RCS manual

Costal details

River details

RCS working teams Central

Zonal

Costal

River

Falls and

Rapids

Land

Distance in RCS

Level in RCS

Axis in RCS Costal

River

Components of the

survey

History

Findings

Procedures Data

collection

Costal

survey

River

survey

Data

compiling

PC Site

survey

Testing for

channel

patency

Work at

the site

Instruments Axis meter

Speedomet

er

Level

meter-Plain

river/Rapid

s/Land

Flow meter

River

scanner/Do

ppler

Falls height

measuring

instrument

Land tube

& Level

measuring

pipes

Survey

boards

Others-

Camera

/Binoculars

ect

Level

measurer

in the river

Level

versus fluid

used

RCS Nomenclature

Standard gate

system

Electronic control of

RCS system

Calculations Distance/Le

ngth

Level

Axis-

Costal/Rive

r

Land area

between

River flow

velocity

Flow area-

cross

sectional

Flow of the

water in

the river

Max-water

requiremen

t/unit time

Size of the

PC

Flow in the

PC

Formulas

used

Committee’s

RCS Law

RCS on To the central office

line

To the zonal office

To the state head

quarter

To the district head

quarter

To the public –

Radio/Television

From the central

office

From the zonal office

From the state head

quarter

From the district

head quarter

RCS

Help

RCS

Detect,

Suggest

& Repair

Others

Before starting our survey, we need to fill few data like,

Name of the river: River X

Starting point: (With reference to basal survey point/landmark/costal river point and others

with copy of small distance on either the sides, {the graph and the digital data as it is already

supplied in case of river survey by the costal survey team} Example: Costal river point 10 at

400 kilometres from Kanyakumari /south tip in the east coast-Costal land mark 200 ).

Date of work started:

Survey team head:

Team members with their designation:

Note if any:

Versions: Digital / Graphical / Illustrations / Combinations / all.

Version digital:

The digital data obtained on doing the survey of first two kilometres of River X is shown here.

[Date(Actual date)]

[Time (Actual time)]

[Duration (From the

time the survey

started)]

[Speed of the boat-

kilometres per hour]

[Distance from the

starting point in

kilometres]

[Axis In degrees]

[Level in meters]

[Flow of the water in

cubic meters per

second at this river

cross section]

[Click in this column

for illustration]

[Click in this column

for video and still

clippings]

[10.05.06][08.00.00]

[00.00.00][00]

[0.000][+60]

[0][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.04]

[00.00.04][10]

[0.010][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.08]

[00.00.08][10]

[0.020][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.12]

[00.00.12][10]

[0.030][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.16]

[00.00.16][10]

[0.040][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.20]

[00.00.20][10]

[0.050][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.24]

[00.00.24][10]

[0.060][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.28]

[00.00.28][10]

[0.070][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.32]

[00.00.32][10]

[0.080][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.36]

[00.00.36][10]

[0.090][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.40]

[00.00.40][10]

[0.100][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.42]

[00.00.42][20]

[0.110][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.44]

[00.00.44][20]

[0.120][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.46]

[00.00.46][20]

[0.130][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.48]

[00.00.48][20]

[0.140][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.50]

[00.00.50][20]

[0.150][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.52]

[00.00.52][20]

[0.160][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.54]

[00.00.54][20]

[0.170][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.56]

[00.00.56][20]

[0.180][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.00.58]

[00.00.58][20]

[0.190][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.00]

[00.01.00][20]

[0.200][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.01]

[00.01.01][30]

[0.210][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.02]

[00.01.02][30]

[0.220][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.04]

[00.01.04][30]

[0.230][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.05]

[00.01.05][30]

[0.240][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.06]

[00.01.06][30]

[0.250][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.08]

[00.01.08][30]

[0.260][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.09]

[00.01.09][30]

[0.270][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.10]

[00.01.10][30]

[0.280][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.12]

[00.01.12][30]

[0.290][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.13]

[00.01.13][30]

[0.300][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.13]

[00.01.13][60]

[0.310][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.13]

[00.01.13][60]

[0.320][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.14]

[00.01.14][60]

[0.330][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.14]

[00.01.14][60]

[0.340][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.14]

[00.01.14][60]

[0.350][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.15]

[00.01.15][60]

[0.360][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.15]

[00.01.15][60]

[0.370][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.15]

[00.01.15][60]

[0.380][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.16]

[00.01.16][60]

[0.390][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.16]

[00.01.16][60]

[0.400][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.16]

[00.01.16][60]

[0.410][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.17]

[00.01.17][60]

[0.420][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.17]

[00.01.17][60]

[0.430][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.17]

[00.01.17][60]

[0.440][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.18]

[00.01.18][60]

[0.450][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.18]

[00.01.18][60]

[0.460][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.18]

[00.01.18][60]

[0.470][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.19]

[00.01.19][60]

[0.480][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.19]

[00.01.19][60]

[0.490][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.19]

[00.01.19][60]

[0.500][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.20]

[00.01.20][60]

[0.510][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.20]

[00.01.20][60]

[0.520][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.20]

[00.01.20][60]

[0.530][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.21]

[00.01.21][60]

[0.540][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.21]

[00.01.21][60]

[0.550][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.21]

[00.01.21][60]

[0.560][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.22]

[00.01.22][60]

[0.570][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.22]

[00.01.22][60]

[0.580][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.22]

[00.01.22][60]

[0.590][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.23]

[00.01.23][60]

[0.600][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.23]

[00.01.23][60]

[0.610][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.23]

[00.01.23][60]

[0.620][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.24]

[00.01.24][60]

[0.630][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.24]

[00.01.24][60]

[0.640][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.24]

[00.01.24][60]

[0.650][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.25]

[00.01.25][60]

[0.660][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.25]

[00.01.25][60]

[0.670][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.25]

[00.01.25][60]

[0.680][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.26]

[00.01.26][60]

[0.690][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.26]

[00.01.26][60]

[0.700][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.26]

[00.01.26][60]

[0.710][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.27]

[00.01.27][60]

[0.720][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.27]

[00.01.27][60]

[0.730][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.27]

[00.01.27][60]

[0.740][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.28]

[00.01.28][60]

[0.750][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.28]

[[00.01.28][60]

[0.760][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.28]

[00.01.28][60]

[0.770][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.29]

[00.01.29][60]

[0.780][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.29]

[00.01.29][60]

[0.790][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.29]

[[00.01.29][60]

[0.800][0]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.30]

[00.01.30][60]

[0.810][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.30]

[00.01.30][60]

[0.820][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.30]

[00.01.30][60]

[0.830][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.31]

[00.01.31][60]

[0.840][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.31]

[00.01.31][60]

[0.850][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.31]

[00.01.31][60]

[0.860][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.32]

[00.01.32][60]

[0.870][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.32]

[00.01.32][60]

[0.880][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.32]

[00.01.32][60]

[0.890][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.33]

[00.01.33][60]

[0.900][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.33]

[00.01.33][60]

[0.910][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.33]

[00.01.33][60]

[0.920][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.34]

[00.01.34][60]

[0.930][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.34]

[00.01.34][60]

[0.940][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.34]

[00.01.34][60]

[0.950][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.35]

[00.01.35][60]

[0.960][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.35]

[00.01.35][60]

[0.970][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.35]

[00.01.35][60]

[0.980][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.36]

[00.01.36][60]

[0.990][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.36]

[00.01.36][60]

[1.000][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.36]

[00.01.36][60]

[1.010][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.37]

[00.01.37][60]

[1.020][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.37]

[00.01.37][60]

[1.030][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.37]

[00.01.37][60]

[1.040][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.38]

[00.01.38][60]

[1.050][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.38]

[00.01.38][60]

[1.060][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.38]

[00.01.38][60]

[1.070][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.39]

[00.01.39][60]

[1.080][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.39]

[00.01.39][60]

[1.090][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.39]

[00.01.39][60]

[1.100][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.40]

[00.01.40][60]

[1.110][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.40]

[00.01.40][60]

[1.120][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.40]

[00.01.40][60]

[1.130][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.41]

[00.01.41][60]

[1.140][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.41]

[00.01.41][60]

[1.150][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.41]

[00.01.41][60]

[1.160][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.42]

[00.01.42][60]

[1.170][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.42]

[00.01.42][60]

[1.180][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.42]

[00.01.42][60]

[1.190][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.43]

[00.01.43][60]

[1.200][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.43]

[00.01.43][60]

[1.210][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.43]

[00.01.43][60]

[1.220][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.44]

[00.01.44][60]

[1.230][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.44]

[00.01.44][60]

[1.240][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.44]

[00.01.44][60]

[1.250][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.45]

[00.01.45][60]

[1.260][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.45]

[00.01.45][60]

[1.270][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.45]

[00.01.45][60]

[1.280][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.46]

[00.01.46][60]

[1.290][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.46]

[00.01.46][60]

[1.300][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.46]

[00.01.46][60]

[1.310][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.47]

[00.01.47][60]

[1.320][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.47]

[00.01.47][60]

[1.330][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.47]

[00.01.47][60]

[1.340][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.48]

[00.01.48][60]

[1.350][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.48]

[00.01.48][60]

[1.360][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.48]

[00.01.48][60]

[1.370][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.49]

[00.01.49][60]

[1.380][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.49]

[00.01.49][60]

[1.390][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.49]

[00.01.49][60]

[1.400][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.50]

[[00.01.50][60]

[1.410][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.50]

[00.01.50][60]

[1.420][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.50]

[00.01.50][60]

[1.430][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.51]

[00.01.51][60]

[1.440][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.51]

[00.01.51][60]

[1.450][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.51]

[00.01.51][60]

[1.460][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.52]

[00.01.52][60]

[1.470][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.52]

[00.01.52][60]

[1.480][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.52]

[00.01.52][60]

[1.490][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.53]

[00.01.53][60]

[1.500][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.53]

[00.01.53][60]

[1.510][-45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.53]

[00.01.53][60]

[1.520][-45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.54]

[00.01.54][60]

[1.530][-45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.54]

[00.01.54][60]

[1.540][-45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.54]

[00.01.54][60]

[1.550][-45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.55]

[00.01.55][60]

[1.560][-45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.55]

[00.01.55][60]

[1.570][-45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.55]

[00.01.55][60]

[1.580][-45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.56]

[00.01.56][60]

[1.590][-45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.56]

[00.01.56][60]

[1.600][-45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.56]

[00.01.56][60]

[1.610][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.57]

[00.01.57][60]

[1.620][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.57]

[00.01.57][60]

[1.630][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.57]

[00.01.57][60]

[1.640][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.58]

[00.01.58][60]

[1.650][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.58]

[00.01.58][60]

[1.660][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.58]

[00.01.58][60]

[1.670][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.59]

[00.01.59][60]

[1.680][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.59]

[00.01.59][60]

[1.690][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.01.59]

[00.01.59][60]

[1.700][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.00]

[00.02.00][30]

[1.710][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.01]

[00.02.01][30]

[1.720][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.03]

[00.02.03][30]

[1.730][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.04]

[00.02.04][30]

[1.740][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.05]

[00.02.05][30]

[1.750][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.07]

[00.02.07][30]

[1.760][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.08]

[00.02.08][30]

[1.770][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.09]

[00.02.09][30]

[1.780][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.11]

[00.02.11][30]

[1.790][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.12]

[00.02.12][30]

[1.800][+60]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.14]

[00.02.14][20]

[1.810][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.16]

[00.02.16][20]

[1.820][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.18]

[00.02.18][20]

[1.830][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.20]

[00.02.20][20]

[1.840][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.22]

[00.02.22][20]

[1.850][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.24]

[00.02.24][20]

[1.860][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.26]

[00.02.26][20]

[1.870][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.28]

[00.02.28][20]

[1.880][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.30]

[00.02.30][20]

[1.890][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.32]

[00.02.32][20]

[1.900][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.36]

[00.02.36][10]

[1.910][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.40]

[00.02.40][10]

[1.920][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.44]

[00.02.44][10]

[1.930][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.48]

[00.02.48][10]

[1.940][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.52]

[00.02.52][10]

[1.950][+45]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.02.56]

[00.02.56][10]

[1.960][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.03.00]

[00.03.00][10]

[1.970][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.03.04]

[00.03.04][10]

[1.980][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.03.08]

[00.03.08][10]

[1.990][+90]

[-][-][-][-]

[10.05.06][08.03.12]

[00.03.12][00]

[2.000][+90]

[5][-][-][-]

1. The first column shows the date that is the date on which the survey has been done. It is pre-

programmed in the computer according to the standard date.

2. The first column shows the time that is the time at which the survey has been done. It is pre -

programmed in the computer according to the standard time.

3. The first column shows the duration, that is the time from the start of the work. It works like stop

clock.

4. The first column shows the speed of the boat at which the boat moves in kilometres per hour and

the input is from the boats speedometer.

5. The second column shows the distance from the starting point at which the command is given in

kilometres and the input is from the boats speedometer.

6. The second column shows the axis in numerical value and the input comes from the axis meter in

+/- Degree.

7. The second column shows the level at that point in meters that we have to add in the table as we

get the reading from the level meter manually.

8. The second column is the space for opening the illustration folder corresponding to the same

distance/level/axis.

9. The second column is the space for opening the file that contains the video/still/digital clippings

with audio corresponding to the same distance/level/axis.

B. Version – Graphical:

The previous digital data can be represented by the graph. We need to create the graph in such a

way that if we point the line at some point with the help of pointer a command box should appear

with the command necessary to open the details in a box with all the details mentioned in the digital

data sheet, with facility for opening the illustration and clippings file. And i f we copy some portion of

the graph and paste it in to the other file then the graph should maintain the same properties like

the original file in the other RCS soft ware also, for this we need to maintain standardization which

applies to all the RCS soft ware universally, like standardization in axis, distance, level and others.

Picture 37: Graphical presentation of the digital data of the river X.