KENT RIDGE SECONDARY SCHOOLCLASS TEST 2011

COMBINED HUMANITIES (GEOGRAPHY) 2193/2

SEC 4 NORMAL (ACADEMIC)

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Name: ___________________________( ) Class: Sec __________

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, class and index number clearly in the spaces at the top of this page provided.

Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.

Answer all the questions in the space provided.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part of question.

The total mark for this paper is 20.

This Question Paper consists of 4 printed pages, including this page.

Setter: Mr Mohd Taib [Turn over

Answer all questions.

1. (a) Study Fig. 1 which shows some indicators of development in four countries.

Source: Nov O Level paper, 2006

Fig. 1

State which country is the most developed and support your answer with information from Fig.1 [4]

Most developed country – Japan [1]

Reasons Japan has the highest GNP per head at US$38160. Citizens

have the highest income earned and strong purchasing power.[1]

Japan has the highest HDI at 92.8 - people enjoy a high standard of living and a higher quality of life [1]

Large expenditure on education – skilled labour drives theEconomy- 3.5% of their GNP is invested in education [1]

Low percentage employed in agriculture – emphasis on secondary and tertiary sectors [1]

Access to doctors – good medical care at 1.9 doctors per 1000 people shows that the people have access to medical facilities [1][Any 3 reasons]

(b) Fig. 2 shows the percentage of labour employed in different sectors of the economy in different countries.

Fig. 2

(i) Using information from Fig. 2, complete the following table. [6]

Country % of labour force employed in thePrimary Industry

(%)

Secondary Industry

(%)

Tertiary Industry

(%)France 6 29 65

Indonesia60 12 28

[1] per correct percentage- maximum of 6 marks

(ii) Japan and Indonesia has different level of development and it is obvious that Japan is more developed based on the employment structure in the three industries-[1]- Japan has greater (58% to 28%) number of workers in

the higher skilled tertiary industry than Indonesia-[1]- Japan has higher (34% to 12%) number of workers in the

higher skilled secondary industry than Indonesia-[1]- Indonesia has more (60% to 8%) number of workers in the

lower skilled primary industry-[1]

(iii) Labour from countries in Group B has been known to move to countries in Group A. Suggest possible reasons for this movement of labour. [5]

Push factors of B(Developing/ Poorer/ Periphery) Lack of employment opportunities, especially in secondary

and tertiary sectors [1] Lower income/salaries and lower standard of living [1] Lack of work facilities, working conditions – lack of

agricultural land, poor infrastructure like roads, water supplies etc [1]

Instability due to war, conflicts [1]

Pull factors towards A (Developed/Richer/Core) More opportunities for higher education and skills training [1] Better working or living conditions in the urban areas [1] Better health facilities in towns and cities [1]

Maximum of 5 marks from both push and pull factors

(c) Explain how physical and political factors can affect the development of a country negatively. [5]

Physical factors Presence of highlands and desert lands

Highlands and mountains present barriers to the building of thriving settlements which require flat and lower land areas [1]

Dry deserts too present obstacles in making it difficult for transport and communication for the poorer countries

Climate Extreme cold conditions make it unbearable to people to set up

settlements in those places so there is little progress in the living conditions of people there [1]

Climatic disasters like floods, can also affect development of countries. LDCs are usually more vulnerable to floods than DCs

because LDCs lack sufficient money and resources to control floods as well as to rebuild areas damaged by floods. Hence, when floods occur in an LDC, it takes longer time for country to recover, which slow down development. [1]

Political factors

Political Conflict The goals of development include how economic benefits can be

more evenly distributed to improve the quality of life of the population. Whether a country achieves these goals depends largely on the government and its policies. This is called governance. [1]

One of the reasons for the uneven development between DCs and LDCs is the occurrence of political conflicts in many LDCs. Lack of political stability deters investors from setting up businesses in these countries. [1]

A fair and just government creates a stable and peaceful environment for businesses to develop and carry out their operations. [1]

Leadership Govt who are inefficient and not development oriented will not be

able to meet the needs and aspirations of their people. [1] Govt that are corrupt and misuse the nation’s revenues and

resources will further put the country in deficit position and this will affect the country from having funds to improve their infrastructure and thus lowers the standard of living . [1]

[At least 2 points for Physical factors & Political factors each. Max. 5 marks]