s55_intelligent compaction in louisiana_ltc2013

7/29/2019 S55_Intelligent Compaction in Louisiana_LTC2013

1/52

LTRC

A presentation by

Gavin Gautreau, P.E.Louisiana Transportation

Research Center (LTRC)Sr. Geotechnical Research Engineer

Murad Abu-Farsakh, P.E., Ph.D.Louisiana TransportationResearch Center (LTRC)

Associate Professor, Research,

Geotechnical Engineering Research

Laboratory (GERL) Manager

Intelligent Compaction Technology

LTRC Project Number: 06-3GT

DOTD


2/52

Whats the Problem ?

Whats theproblem ?

I dont think itwas compacted

properly
http://forums.aaca.org/attachments/f215/48984d1266276158-model-t-stuck-mud-stuck-t-2.jpg


3/52

Quality Control /Quality Assurance

(QA/QC)

Contractor Quality Control (QC)

Contractor experience

Means and methodsRoller compactors energy into layer

Required to build uniform pavement layers

Compaction and DensityMoisture content control

Obtain density of pavement layers

Meet the specifications


4/52

Quality Control /Quality Assurance

(QA/QC)

Departmental Quality Assurance (QA)

Acceptance Testing

Departmental Nuclear Moisture Density Testing

Roughly 1 test per 1000 feet of road

What do we know about the points inbetween?

Consistency vs. Irregularities ?


5/52

Density vs. Stiffness

Density

Mass/Volume

Proctor Tests, Nuclear Gauge, Sand Cone, etc.

Optimum moisture (soils) / temperature (HMA)

Compactive effortenergy

Stiffness

Deflection under Load

Dynamic Cone Penetrometer, Falling Weight

Deflectometer, LFWD, GeoGauge, etc.

M-E Pavement Design Guide Methodology


6/52

Influence Widths and Depths

NCHRP Report 676


7/52

Shallow Pavement Applications ASTM D6951

Simple Concept - - Like hammering a nail

Stiff material requires more dropsWeak material requires fewer drops

Non Nuclear

Quick and Cost Effective

Measures Stiffness, mm/blow Correlations to CBR, Resilient Modulus, etc.

Design Information MEPDG

Another Tool for the Toolbox

Dynamic Cone Penetrometer


8/52

GPS Technology and Precision

https://sites.aces.edu/group/crops/precisionag/Publications/Timely%20Information/GPS%20Correction%20Services%20for%20Alabama.pdf

Recent LTRC Projects07-3GT Corps of Engineers

07-4GT Public Works

09-2GT Pavement Management

09-3GT Corps of Engineers

10-1GT Public Works

11-6GT HQ Public Safety


9/52

Continuously Operating Reference

Stations (CORS)


10/52

Automated Machine Guidance (AMG)

GPS ReceiversAMG links sophisticated

software with construction

equipment to direct the

operation of machinery with a

high level of precision, improving

the speed and accuracy ofhighway construction processes.

Motor Graders, Dozers, etc.

Road construction, levee construction, etc.


11/52

Automated Machine Guidance

Commonly used for grade control


12/52

Intelligent Compaction

Specific term, yet generically used as a

common reference to the technology.

Like Coke in the south to refer to a cold drink, soda, pop, etc.

The combined use of an Instrumented Roller andAutomatic Feedback Control in an attempt to improveearthwork compaction.


13/52

Intelligent Soil Compaction Systems


14/52

(NCHRP) Report 676:

Intelligent Soil Compaction Systems

The report explores intelligent compaction, a new method

of achieving and documenting compaction requirements.

Intelligent compaction uses continuous compaction-roller

vibration monitoring to assess mechanistic soil properties,continuous modification/adaptation of roller vibration

amplitude and frequency to ensure optimum compaction,

and full-time monitoring by an integrated global positioning

system to provide a complete GPS-based record of the

compacted area.

FHWA Every Day Counts - Initiative introducing new technologies Intelligent Compaction / Continuous Compaction Control

Automated Machine Guidance


15/52


16/52

Influence Areas and Depths

NCHRP Report 676


17/52

Sample Coverage


18/52

Roller Operatorquestions

Roller Passes

How many for density?

How many were made?

Were that many passes needed?

Did every part of the project

Get touched/compacted by the roller?

Get the required number of passes?

What if we add a GPS and technologyto a Roller that is already on the job?


19/52

Roller Parts with GPS

1. Roller (example)

2. Global Positioning

System (GPS)

3. Onboard Display


20/52

GPS Precisions


21/52

Coverage Record


22/52

Pass Counts

1st Pass

2nd Pass:

3rd Pass (or target # of passes)

Records location (X,Y) and number

of passes on soils or asphalt.

Colors guide the operator GPS

Precision affects display of paths


23/52

Continuous Compaction Control

Emerging Technology

Common in Europe

GPS devices determine location

Data collection

Time, Project, Job #, etc.

Position (X, Y) Pass Control

Elevation (Z) Layer Data Stiffness Measurements

Qualitative measurements of the entire job

GPS coordinates allow mapping to GIS


24/52

Measurement Systems

Accelerometer-based

Force vs. Displacement (Evib, ks)

Drum mounted accelerometer and position sensors

Signals can be used to control drum amplitude and frequency

Compaction Meter Value (CMV & CCV)

Drum mounted accelerometer measures ground reaction

Signals can be used to control drum amplitude

Energy Method: Machine Drive Power (MDP) Measures driveline power used to overcome rolling resistance with

corrections made for grade and machine acceleration

Works on both vibratory and non-vibratory compactors

Works on cohesive soils


25/52

Smart Roller Parts - CCC

1. Roller (example)

2. Engine/Hydraulics

3. Vibratory Settings

4. Soil (or HMA) Reaction

5. Accelerometers

6. Global PositioningSystem (GPS)

7. Onboard Display

/Storage Computer

8. Temperature sensors

(Double Drum, HMA)

Instrumented Roller: A roller compactoroutfitted with drum vibration instrumentationor other means to compute a RollerMeasurement Value, onboard computer,

and position monitoring equipment.


26/52

Compaction Measurements


27/52

Compaction Measurements


28/52

Roller Measurement Values


29/52

Roller Integrated Stiffness (ks)Ammann/Case


30/52

Compaction Meter Value (CMV)CAT/Dynapac

= excitation frequency C = constant (usually 300)

A2= 2nd

harmonic of vertical drum acceleration frequency domain amplitudeA= 1

st harmonic of vertical drum acceleration frequency domain amplitude


31/52

Compaction Control Value (CCV)Sakai

= excitation frequency

A2= 2nd

harmonic of vertical drum acceleration frequency domain amplitudeA= 1

st harmonic of vertical drum acceleration frequency domain amplitude


32/52

Vibration Modulus (EVIB) Bomag

Contact Force, kN

Contact Force, [kN]

Contact Force, [kN]

Drum Displacement, mm

Contact Force, kN


Contact Force, kN


The Evib meter enables the determination of a

measuring magnitude directly related with the

deformation modulus EV of the soil during each

vibration movement and on the basis of the

interrelationship between force and immersion of

the roller into the ground.


33/52

De-Coupled Layer Moduli

Equivalent

Deformation

modulus

measuring

Evib depth

effect

Layer

deformation

modulus

E1

E2

E1= Layer modulus ofcompacted layer

E0= Subgrade

modulus

Bomag


34/52

Automatic Feedback

Automatic adjustment of roller operating parameterssuch as vibration frequency and amplitude based on

real-time feedback from measurement system.


35/52

Machine Drive Power (MDP)

1. Roller Vibration off

2. Cohesive Soil

3. Drive Energy

4. Reactions:

Softer soils requiremore energy to move

vs. hard and smooth

5. Onboard Display /

Data Computer

Pg= gross power of roller

W = roller weight

a = machine acceleration

g = gravity

= slope angle (roller pitch)

V= roller velocity

m, b = machine loss coefficients (machine specific)

Stiff /MV


36/52

Stiffness/MV

with Pass

< Target Stiffness/MV

Near Target Stiffness/MV

Meets Target Stiffness/MV

Helps speed contractor efforts

Records stiffness for entire area

Identifies problem areas- too wet, pipe, etc.

Moisture (soils) and temperature (HMA)

still need to be good for compaction.

The roller wont change these properties.


37/52

Soil IC Rollers

Vendor Model Model # AutoFeed-

back

ICMV ICMVUnit DocumentSystem Main US Contact

Ammann/Case ACEplus SV Yes ks MN/m ACE Plus George Whitaker(262) [email protected]

Bomag VarioControl BW213 -

4BVC

Yes Evib MN/m2 BCM o5 Office

and Mobile

Chris Connolly(301) 262-5447

[email protected]

Caterpillar CompactionControl,AccuGrade

CS44-CS78CP54-CP74

No CMVMDP

Unitless AccuGradeVisionLink

Todd Mansell(763)[email protected]

Dynapac DCA-S (GPS) CA 152-702 Yes CMV Unitless DCA Gert Hannson(210) [email protected]

Sakai CIS SW850-SW900

No CCV Unitless AithonMT-S Brandon Crockett(800) [email protected]

HAMM/Wirtgen HCQ NA No HMV Unitless HAMM HCQ Tim Kowalski(615) [email protected]

Volvo Trimble NA No CMV Unitless TrimbleSiteVision

Bob Marcum(828) [email protected]

Intelli entCom action.com


38/52

Asphalt IC Rollers

Vendor Model Model # Auto

Feed-

back

ICMV ICMV

Unit

Docume

nt

System

Main US Contact

Bomag Asphalt

Manager

BW190AD-4AM Yes Evib MN/m2 BCM o5

OfficeandMobile

Chris Connolly(301) [email protected]

Sakai CIS SW850-SW900 No CCV Unitless AithonMT Brandon Crockett(800) [email protected]

HAMM/

Wirtgen

HCQ HD+90/ HD+110

HD+120/ HD+140

No HMV and

estimateddensities

Unitless

and %compaction

HAMM

HCQ

Tim Kowalski(615) 594-4604

[email protected]

Intelli entCom action.com

VEDA


39/52

VEDA, Geospatial Analysis Software for IntelligentCompaction and Sonic Testing Rolling


40/52

LTRC 06-3GT - Objectives

Demonstrate the value of real time quality control ofcompaction operations to accelerate construction,reduce re-work, and improve uniformity.

Improve value of field data and reduce frequency oftraditional required sampling through improvedconstruction process control.

Evaluate the reliability and potential use of IC data for

acceptance and measurements of in-situ stiffness ofthe constructed earth materials; linking to propertiesthat relate more directly to design (e.g. modulus) andin-service performance.

New Iberia Frontage Roads H 002890


41/52

New Iberia Frontage Roads, H.002890

US 90 (Darnall to LA 85)

LTRC D P j t 6 GT


42/52

LTRC Demo Project, 06-3GTShadowing the normal acceptance process.

LTRC Demo Project, 06-3GT

Shadowing the normal acceptance process.

M i A li i


43/52

Mapping Applications

CoverageElevation



44/52


- Compaction Values


45/52

Weather Delays


46/52

Pass Count Summary Was Target # Passes Met

P C ti


47/52

Pass Counting

Benefits of Roller Integrated


48/52

Benefits of Roller IntegratedCompaction Monitoring

Contractor: On-board Roller Display

Consistent coverage and Pass tracking

Verification of compaction effort (Measurement Values)

Identifies weak areas

Faster compaction (stiffness vs. arbitrary passes)

LADOTD

Increases sample coverage vs. point tests Records continuous compaction efforts

Speeds construction (appropriate passes/energy)

Possible replacement for the nuclear gauge (research)

Promotes consistent and uniform pavement layers


49/52

Benefits of Intelligent Compaction

Improve Compaction & Consistency

Better Performance

Improve Efficiency Cost Savings

Increase Information Better QA/QC


50/52

Next Steps

Continue the Test Sections

Collect and Analyze Data

Add Asphalt Roller to Test Sections

Showcase IC with SHRP2 and FHWA partners

Re-evaluate Specification

Final Report


51/52

Acknowledgements

National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP)Report 676: Intelligent Soil Compaction Systems

Dr. David White, Iowa State University

Sid Scott, SHRP2

Transtec Group & IntelligentCompaction.com

District 03, Mark Arceneaux, et. al.

Gilchrist Construction, Caterpillar, Spectra Measuring

LTRC Staff (Geotech, Pavement, Asphalt, GERL)


52/52

Thanks for your attention.

s55_intelligent compaction in louisiana_ltc2013

Documents