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Tourism is a fast-growing industry in SouthAfrica, contributing R25 billion to the economy in 2000 (about 4,9% of grossdomestic product [GDP]). The number of foreign tourists is growing by around 12% ayear. More than 2,8 million foreigners visitedSouth Africa between January and June2000, during which time expenditure by for-eign tourists in South Africa grew by R1,1 bil-lion.

South Africa is a highly attractive touristdestination, full of promise and potential. It isstriving to position itself as a world-class con-tender within this high-growth global industry. Many existing and new tourismbusinesses have expanded and developednew products, and are becoming increasinglycompetitive.

Tourism employs an estimated 7% of SouthAfrica's workforce, and is regarded as poten-tially the largest provider of jobs and earner offoreign exchange. It is projected that in 2010the South African tourism economy willemploy more than 1,2 million people (directlyand indirectly).

Tourism is the fourth-largest industry inSouth Africa, supporting some 700 hotels,2 800 guest-houses and bed-and-breakfastestablishments, and 10 000 restaurants.

There are some major strengths operatingin South Africa's favour which can facilitatefurther tourism growth, including• national tourism assets of incomparable

quality in certain segments• a diversity of tourism products, especially

adventure, ecotourism and cultural attrac-tions

• exceptional value for money relative to keycompetitors, partly owing to foreignexchange rates

• positive global perceptions of peaceful pol-itical transition in South Africa.

The fastest-growing segment of tourism inSouth Africa is ecological tourism (eco-tourism), which includes nature photography,bird-watching, botanical studies, snorkelling,hiking and mountaineering.

National and provincial parks in SouthAfrica, as well as private game reserves, in-volve local communities in the conservationand management of natural resources. Thesecommunities are not only benefiting finan-cially from ecotourism, but are also becomingaware of their responsibility to the environ-ment.

The high foreign exchange value of ecotourism enables significant economic values to be assigned to ecological resources,in this way helping to promote their conservation.

Community tourism is becoming increas-ingly popular, with tourists wanting to experi-ence South Africa in the many rural villagesand townships across the country. (See chapter: Arts and Culture.)

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South Africa’s wildlife remains a big attraction forforeign tourists in particular. The country has manygame reserves and national parks throughout thecountry. An exciting development in this field is theestablishment of transfrontier parks such as theKgalagadi; Gaza/Kruger/Gonarezhou; and Lubomboparks.

Tourism policy

At national level, the Tourism Branch in theDepartment of Environmental Affairs andTourism leads and directs tourism policy for-mulation and implementation towardsnational tourism growth. It works in partner-ship with South African Tourism, the provin-cial tourism authorities, the tourism industryand other relevant stakeholders. It aims toensure and accelerate the practical delivery oftourism benefits to the broad spectrum ofSouth Africans, while maintaining sustainabil-ity and quality of life.

The White Paper on Tourism provides a pol-icy framework for tourism development andentails the following programmes:• a special empowerment programme for

capacity-building• establishing a tourism infrastructure inves-

tigations programme that will culminate inidentified public infrastructure investmentprogrammes

• mobilising funds to market South Africaaggressively as a tourism destination ininternational markets based on a focusedmarketing strategy

• launching a domestic tourism and travelcampaign.

A collaborative tourism action (cluster) pro-cess, which will provide the framework fortaking tourism into the next millennium, waslaunched. The process aims to achieve collect-ive action among the key stakeholders toenhance tourism marketing, investment, skillsand infrastructure development.

The Tourism Forum was established in De-cember 1998 as an advisory body to the Min-ister. It comprises leadership drawn from gov-ernment, business, public institutions andlabour, with the common purpose of ensur-ing growth and development of the tourismsector. The Forum agreed to support the fol-lowing key strategic areas:• sustainable funding mechanisms• information systems• human resource development programmes• international marketing• the Welcome Campaign. The Department has embarked on a legislat-ive reform process to reflect the guidelines setout in the White Paper.

LegislationIn terms of the Tourism Amendment Bill,which was approved in 2000, the NationalRegistrar of Tour Guides will be created. TheRegistrar's duties will include preparing acode of conduct and ethics for tour guides,monitoring trends in the tourism industry,and assisting in the growth of the tour guideindustry by the training and registration ofguides. Ex-prisoners may not be tour guides.

Poverty-relief fundingAbout R130 million has been committedtowards tourism development projects aimedat creating jobs and alleviating poverty inSouth Africa.

These projects are categorised into productdevelopment, infrastructure development,capacity-building and training, establishmentof small, medium and micro-enterprises(SMMEs) and business development projects.

Nine tourism craft projects in 1999/00 and76 in 2000/01 were set up. These projects,located in all nine provinces, are expected tocreate 8 600 jobs.

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• Victoria & Alfred Waterfront in Cape Town• Table Mountain• Cape Point• The wine routes in the Western Cape• The Garden Route• Kirstenbosch• Ostrich farms• Robben Island• Pretoria sights• Kruger National Park• Durban beachfront• Cango Caves• Drakensberg resorts• KwaZulu-Natal game parks• Tour of Soweto• Gold Reef City• Blyde River Canyon• Pilgrim’s Rest• Shakaland/Zulu villages• Private game parks in MpumalangaSource: South African Tourism

South Africa's top 20 tourist attractionsaccording to international visitors:

Marketing strategyFor the first time in the history of the promo-tion of South African tourism, in 2000/01 themarketing budget more than doubled.Central government contributed R150 mil-lion, the Business Trust R50 million and theTourism Business Council R25 million.

South Africa's marketing strategy includesthe following initiatives:

International Marketing Scheme (ITMAS)The objective of ITMAS is to partially com-pensate small to medium-sized business forcertain costs incurred in terms of activitiesdesigned to promote South African tourisminternationally. Of the R4-million fund, morethan R1,5 million was spent in 2000 to bene-fit approximately 682 entrepreneurs. For2001, part of the fund subsidised 139 blackemerging entrepreneurs to attend Indaba2001 in Durban, Africa's premier annualtourist exhibition. Indaba 2001 was also usedas a platform to launch the Emerging Tourism

Entrepreneur of the Year Award – an incent-ive to increase South African entrepreneurs'participation in the tourism industry and cre-ate 'can do' role models.

Welcome CampaignLaunched in December 1999 by the Ministerof Environmental Affairs and Tourism, theWelcome Campaign encourages all SouthAfricans to embrace tourism and share SouthAfrica's rich natural and cultural heritage.Underpinning the Campaign is the messagethat tourism is the fastest-growing contrib-utor to South Africa's future economic pros-perity, and is playing a key role in job creationand socio-economic upliftment.

In February 2001, South African Tourismaugmented the Welcome Campaign with aninspiring television and cinema commercialthat relayed the message For every eighttourists one job is created, but sometimes asingle tourist can spark an industry.

Another facet of the Campaign is TourismMonth. This annual promotion, held inSeptember, is designed to promote a cultureof tourism amongst all South Africans. Itboosts South Africans' interest in both explor-ing and preserving the country's vast numberof diverse tourist sights. To achieve theseobjectives, South African Tourism co-spon-sored a nine-part television documentaryseries, which highlights each province's lesser-known treasures. The organisation also flight-ed a tourism awareness radio campaign anddeveloped a programme of tourist-appealingevents for each province.

By May 2001, the Campaign had beenlaunched in 25 towns and eight border posts,and had committed 21 corporate sponsors.Through the Business Trust and the NationalBusiness Initiative, the Campaign will beunderpinned by a customer service excellenceprogramme, the Welcome Host, aimed atimproving customer service delivery in thetourism industry.

International and local marketingFollowing the launch of South AfricanTourism's new corporate identity in October

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In August 2000, the South African Minister ofEnvironmental Affairs and Tourism, Mr Valli Moosa, andthe Islamic Republic of Iran's Foreign Affairs Minister,Kamal Kharrazi, signed a memorandum of under-standing on tourism to promote trade between the twocountries.

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The theme of the fourth Tourism Month held in September2000 was A Journey of Discovery. The Month forms part ofthe Welcome Campaign, which is a partnership betweenthe Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism,South African Tourism and the Tourism Business Councilof South Africa. The Month kicked off with A Voyage ofDiscovery, which started in Cape Town on 1 Septemberand arrived in Johannesburg on 7 September 2000. Thepurpose of the voyage was to expose selected individuals,including local and international media, to South Africa'shidden treasures.

Tourism Month 2001 featured a competition toencourage citizens to share any personal experiences thathave engendered the realisation that South Africa is adiverse and magnificent country. Coined the Share SouthAfrica Challenge, the competition invited people toforward a letter, craft, artwork, photograph or any otherform of communication illustrating what makes SouthAfrica special to them.

The central theme of the Month was To Travel is to See.

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2000, a R150-million international marketinginitiative was launched in London at theWorld Travel Market in November. Tacticsincluded the London cabby campaign; ex-tensive billboard advertising in Germany andthe Netherlands; high-profile print campaignsin the United States (US), United Kingdom(UK), France, Germany and the Netherlands;live broadcasts from South Africa by 15 USradio stations; media tours of South Africa forforeign journalists; and meetings with hundreds of foreign and local stakeholders inthe travel industry.

To complement this awareness-buildingcampaign, South African Tourism launchedthe Circle of Sunshine in London in November2000. This programme is endorsed by Arch-bishop Desmond Tutu. The Circle of Sunshineis an expanding network of 'ambassadors'(expatriates, business leaders and celebrities)who have links with South Africa and whowant to motivate others to make South Africaa priority holiday destination. It has also beenlaunched in Germany and promoted in SouthAfrica and will be launched in other key markets.

Celebrate South Africa was another vehicleused to promote the country. This six-weekfestival showcased South Africa's performingtalent, arts, crafts, fashion and cuisine fromApril to May 2001 in London.

Tourism Enterprise Programme (TEP)The Department of Environmental Affairs andTourism, the Business Trust and EbonyConsulting International launched the R129-million TEP to promote growth in the tourismindustry.

The Programme is expected to createabout 10 000 jobs in the next few years. Theprimary objective of the Programme is thedevelopment of skills capacity and the parti-cipation of 75% of historically disadvantagedenterprises within the tourism economy.

Human resource developmentTourism human resource development (edu-cation and training) is considered as one ofthe pillars of the development of a newresponsible tourism culture in South Africa.

The Department has supported the fullintroduction of travel and tourism and hos-pitality studies as a subject in schools by final-ising the curricula in pilot schools.

Travel and tourism was introduced in 2000in all schools wanting to offer the subjectfrom grades 10 to 12.

The Tourism and Hospitality Education andTraining Authority (THETA) comprises the fol-lowing sectors:• hotels • provision of short-stay accommodation• restaurants, bars, canteens and other cater-

ing services• travel agencies and related activities• destination management• motor car rental services• conservation, game parks and zoological

establishments• gaming and gambling. By May 2001, THETA had made considerableprogress. Some 7 831 unit standards had beenachieved by learners, 5 454 national qualifica-tions had been achieved, and 68 training practitioners had been trained. The SouthAfrican business community and the Govern-ment have launched a R115-million project toenhance the industry and train 15 000 people,most of them unemployed, over the next fouryears. The Tourism Learnership Project aims toelevate skills, ser-vice and productivity levels in

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According to research conducted by Grant ThorntonKessel Feinstein on behalf of South African Tourism,South Africa's Meetings, Incentive, Conference andExhibitions (MICE) industry contributes R20 billionannually to the country's GDP.

The MICE industry in South Africa is estimated at atotal of 101 000 events attended by 11 million parti-cipants, and represents almost 15 million delegate days.

The MICE industry in total generates more than 246 000 jobs annually.

Some 39% of international delegates add a pre- orpost-event tour to their trip and spend an additional 3,3days in South Africa. Mpumalanga is the most visitedprovince for these tours.

South Africa ranks number one in Africa as a con-ference and meeting destination, attracting more than56% of the total conference market.

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the tourism industry. The Project forms part ofa broader tourism initiative by the BusinessTrust – an initiative set up by a group of com-pany chairpersons and chief executive officersin a bid to reflect business's commitment toSouth Africa.

At the end of October 2000, the Ministerof Environmental Affairs and Tourism accept-ed a cheque for R15,7 million from theSpanish Government to set up the SouthAfrican Tourism Institute (SATI), which willspearhead tourism education and skills train-ing. SATI will specifically focus on upgradingthe skills of teachers, trainers and assessorswithin the tourism industry.

The first part of the initiative will be intro-duced at school level by way of a specificallydeveloped knowledge and skills transfer pro-gramme aimed at schoolteachers. A furthertraining programme will be implemented todevelop the skills of approximately 3 000 on-the-job trainers and assessors working withinthe tourism field. Both groups will impartknowledge to learners as part of a cascadingtourism education programme.

A substantial portion of the Spanish fundswill be put to use in the setting up of SouthAfrica's first Tourism Learning ResourceCentre.

Hints for the tourist

Every person wishing to enter South Africamust be in possession of a valid passport fortravel to South Africa and, where necessary, avisa. Enquiries can be directed to SouthAfrican diplomatic representatives abroad orthe Department of Home Affairs in Pretoria.Visas are issued free of charge. Visitors whointend travelling to South Africa's neighbour-ing countries and back into South Africa areadvised to apply for multiple-entry visas.

Passport-holders of certain countries areexempt from visa requirements. Tourists mustsatisfy immigration officers that they have themeans to support themselves during theirstay and that they are in possession of returnor onward tickets. They must also have validinternational health certificates.

Visitors from the yellow-fever belt in Africaand the US, as well as those who travelthrough or disembark in these areas, have tobe inoculated against the disease.

Malaria is endemic to parts of KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga and the Northern Prov-ince. It is essential to take precautions whenvisiting these areas.

Foreign tourists visiting South Africa canhave their value-added tax (VAT) refunded,provided the value of the items purchasedexceeds R20. VAT is refunded on departure atthe point of exit.

South Africa's transport infrastructure – air-lines, railroads, luxury touring buses (coaches)and cars – is such that tourists can travel com-fortably and quickly from their port of entryto any other part of the country. A number ofinternational airlines, including South AfricanAirways (SAA), operate regular scheduledflights to and from South Africa. Severaldomestic airlines operate in the country.There are also mainline trains to all parts ofthe country. (See chapter: Transport.)

A brochure entitled Helpful Hints to MakeYour Stay Enjoyable and Safe is distributed totourists at international airports.

AccommodationThe tourist accommodation industry in SouthAfrica provides a wide spectrum of accom-modation, from formal hotels to informal holiday flats and cottages, game lodges andreserves, guest-houses, youth hostels andbed-and-breakfast establishments.

A variety of promotional material on SouthAfrica is available. Comprehensive guides andmaps cover all the regions and aspects ofinterest to tourists, including accommoda-tion. Various useful tourism websites can befound on the Internet. (See also Suggestedreading, p 548)

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The Cape Grace Hotel, situated on Cape Town's Water-front, was rated the number one hotel in the world at theConde´ Nast Traveller's 2000 Reader Choice Awards inSeptember 2000.

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The Tourism Grading Council of SouthAfrica was appointed in September 2000 tolook at the standards in the hospitality andaccommodation industry. The Council hasestablished a Secretariat to drive the consul-tation process towards developing and deter-mining a new regulatory framework for thegrading and classification of all establish-ments within the various sections of thetourism industry.

The new and voluntary grading system willuse the internationally recognised star insig-nia to rate accommodation establishmentsinitially, and will later be extended to relevantbusinesses in classified sectors of the tourismindustry. Once graded, establishments will beencouraged to use the star system for mar-keting and advertising purposes. Gradingassessors from all over South Africa willundergo training to receive the NationalCertificate in Tourism Grading. The awardingof such a qualification is a world-first. Asses-sors will then be accredited with THETA andregistered with the Grading Council beforebeing recommended to the industry. Largergroup hotels with their own internal asses-sors will also have them accredited withTHETA. Independent auditors will beappointed by the Council to handle randomaudits. These auditors will also assist inensuring that the assessors adhere to a Codeof Conduct.

Previously graded and accredited accom-modation establishments will be given a win-dow of opportunity in order for them todecide whether they wish to reapply or to ter-minate their current grading. Star grading willbe linked to a consumer feedback system.This will be a national undertaking neverdone before in South Africa.

Tourism in the provinces

Western CapeAccording to a South African Tourism survey,the Western Cape – with the seven most popular attractions – continues to dominatethe list of favoured destinations for foreigners.Whale-watching drew 17% of visitors, making it more popular than the KrugerNational Park, which drew 16% of all foreignvisitors in August 1999.

It is estimated that tourism accounts forabout 9% of the Western Cape's regionalproduct and employs a similar proportion ofthe formal workforce.

The Western Cape Tourism Board serves sixdifferent regions, namely the Cape Metro-pole, Winelands and Breede River, Overberg,West Coast, Garden Route, and Klein Karooand Central Karoo regions.

Cape Metropolitan AreaThe Cape Metropolitan Area is divided intosix different local areas, namely Cape Town,the South Peninsula, Blaauwberg,Helderberg, Tygerberg and Oostenberg.Tourist life in the city of Cape Town centresaround the Victoria & Alfred Waterfront, aworking harbour offering everything fromupmarket shopping malls, arts and craft markets, theatres and live music, to mu-seums.

Major attractions in the city include the Bo-Kaap Museum, the Castle of Good Hope, theCompany's Garden, the District Six Museum,flea markets, the Grand Parade, the Housesof Parliament, the South African CulturalHistory Museum and the South AfricanNational Gallery.

Also worth a visit are the historical build-ings in the Bo-Kaap and District Six.

Air flips and trips are available, as well asmany boat and yacht trips from Table Bay har-bour, including trips to Robben Island (pro-claimed a World Heritage Site and also theplace where former President NelsonMandela was imprisoned for a number ofyears), which is fast becoming one of SouthAfrica's premier tourist attractions.

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In January 2001, the winners of a competition to findSouth Africa's favourite city were announced. Thecompetition was run by Engen as part of its associationwith the Welcome Campaign. South Africans voted CapeTown as their favourite city with Durban in second place.Knysna was voted best town, with Mossel Bay second.

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A new R24-million departure terminal forRobben Island, the Nelson Mandela Gateway,is planned as part of a new R850-millionWaterfront development. The Gateway isexpected to increase the number of visitors tothe Island from 1 200 a day in summer to 1 800.

Table Mountain is a popular site for visitorsand provides the majestic backdrop to thevibrant and friendly Mother City. It can bereached by an ultra-modern cableway. TheMountain forms part of the Cape PeninsulaNational Park.

Newlands is home to the KirstenboschNational Botanical Garden. In summer, vari-ous open-air concerts are held, and visitorscan bring their own picnic baskets.

At the South African Rugby Museum, vis-itors can follow the history of the sport backto 1891.

The Rhodes Memorial is situated inRondebosch on the slopes of TableMountain. It was built of granite from theMountain as a tribute to the memory of CecilJohn Rhodes, Prime Minister of the Capefrom 1890 to 1896.

The University of Cape Town is worth a visitfor its historic Middle Campus and manybuildings designed by Sir Herbert Baker.

At Cape Point, part of the Cape PeninsulaNational Park, there are many drives, walks,picnic spots and a licensed restaurant. Carehas been taken to protect the environmentalintegrity of this 7 750-ha reserve of indi-genous flora and fauna.

Simon's Town's naval atmosphere andHistoric Mile are major attractions in the area.A statue of the famous dog and sailor'sfriend, Able Seaman Just Nuisance, stands atJubilee Square.

Other attractions include the South AfricanNaval Museum, the Stempastorie Museumand the Warrior Toy Museum. One of onlytwo mainland jackass penguin breedingcolonies in the world can be found atBoulders Beach.

Hout Bay is well known for its colourfulworking harbour. Seafood outlets, round-the-bay trips to the nearby seal colony, shell andgift shops and a world-famous harbourfrontemporium (Mariner's Wharf) attract many vis-itors. Duiker Island, opposite The Sentinel, is aseal and sea bird sanctuary. The World ofBirds Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the largestbird parks in the world and provides a homefor some 3 000 birds. Visitors are allowed towalk through the large landscaped aviaries.

Backdropped by the magnificent Hotten-tots Holland and Helderberg mountains, theHelderberg region is a paradise for tourists.Hiking and bird-watching in the HelderbergNature Reserve, the historic Vergelegen WineFarm and the Helderberg Wine Route offersomething for everyone. Golfers can play around at the popular Erinvale Golf Course,while a scenic viewpoint on Sir Lowry's Passoffers uninterrupted views across False Bay.

In Oostenberg, visitors can enjoy somefine wine and flower farms, such as Zeven-wacht Wine Estate with its graceful CapeDutch homestead. At Tygerberg Zoo, visitorscan see a collection of exotic animals. Endlessstretches of quiet beaches provide some ofthe most popular surfing and windsurfingspots. Big Bay in Bloubergstrand is a surfer's

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Southern Africa has become one of the most popularbig-game hunting regions in the world. It offers a greatvariety to trophy hunters, including the Big Five, namelyelephant, white rhino, lion, leopard and buffalo, as wellas 26 species of antelope.

Hunting proclamations of the various provincesdiffer and are promulgated annually. The huntingseason normally runs during the winter months, fromMay 1 to the end of July.

Most species may be hunted legally by non-land-owners during the hunting season, provided that theyhave the written consent of the landowner and a validhunting permit issued by the appropriate conservationauthority.

Trophy hunting by overseas clients is subject touniform legislation throughout South Africa, and allhunters are required to be accompanied by registeredprofessional hunters and have their hunts arranged byapproved hunting outfitters.

All the provinces provide schedules of ordinary,protected and specially-protected game. Ordinary gamemay be hunted under licence during an open season.Protected game may be hunted only under permit andlicence, the fee depending on the species. Speciallyprotected game, which includes grysbok, klipspringer,red hartebeest, giraffe, black rhinoceros, pangolin andantbear, may not be hunted at all.

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paradise and is host to an international wind-surfing event. Rietvlei Nature Reserve is aunique wetland area, boasting over 110 birdspecies, including pelicans and flamingos.

Ratanga Junction, Africa's first full-scaletheme park, situated on the outskirts of CapeTown, was built at a cost of R350 million. Itoffers more than 30 attractions ranging fromadrenaline-pumping thrill rides and roller-coasters to more sedate family and kiddierides, and snake and bird shows.

Also worth a visit is the Canal WalkShopping Complex. It is the largest shoppingcentre in Africa with close to 400 shops.Straddling more than 1 km of canals, CanalWalk is anchored on one end by DocksideNightclub and Ratanga Junction and at theother end by Intaka Island, Century City'saward-winning wetlands conservation area.

Tygerberg is a vibrant and fast-growingarea with a well-developed business centre,numerous sports fields, an internationalindoor cycle track, well-kept golf courses, aracecourse and a casino.

Garden Route regionThe Garden Route has a well-developedtourist infrastructure, making the region pop-ular all year round. At the Aloe Factory atAlbertinia, aloe juices are extracted for me-dicine and high-quality skin-care products.

Nearby, bungee jumping on the GouritsRiver Gorge, hiking, mountain biking andangling are popular pastimes.

The Grootvadersbosch Nature Reserve out-side Heidelberg comprises the popularBushbuck Trail, a wilderness trail and twomountain bike trails.

The Pont at Malgas is the only remainingpont in the country, ferrying vehicles andlivestock across the Breede River. Whale-watching attracts tourists at Witsand andPort Beaufort from June to November.The area also has a few free-range ostrichfarms.

At the historical Strandveld ArchitecturalHeritage at Stilbaai, visitors can watch tameeels being fed. Ancient fish-traps can be seenat Morris Point and the harbour.

Other popular coastal towns includeBuffels Bay, Victoria Bay and Herolds Bay.

George is home to the Church of St Peterand St Paul, the oldest existing RomanCatholic Church in South Africa. The GeorgeMuseum has the timber industry in the south-ern Cape as its theme, and is also the startingpoint of the Timber Route. The OuteniquaChoo-Tjoe winds through forests and alongthe coast to Knysna.

The Montagu Pass is a national monument,offering spectacular views and several hikingtrails. Bird-watchers flock to the Langvlei andRondevlei bird sanctuaries and the WildernessNational Park.

Knysna is a very popular tourist destination.There are many art galleries, craft shops andfurniture factories. The Knysna forest offershiking, biking and horse-riding, scenic drives,picnic spots and abundant fauna and flora.

Other activities include oyster-tasting, bird-watching, snorkelling, scuba-diving, deep-seafishing cruises and canoeing.

The Tsitsikamma National Park offers manyscenic walks and trails, including the world-famous Otter Trail. It also boasts the onlyunderwater trail in Africa. The Park was SouthAfrica's first proclaimed marine reserve.

There are several bungee-jumping spots inthe area, including the highest bungee jumpin the world at the Bloukrans River Bridge.Other popular activities include boat cruises,trout-fishing, diving, sea-kayaking, glidingand golfing.

Great Brak River offers many opportun-ities for whale and dolphin-watching (in sea-son), bird-watching and water sport.

At Mossel Bay, the Point, a well-liked areafor surfers, also features a natural poolformed by rock – a popular swimming placeat low tide. The St Blaize trail starts here andit is the ideal spot to watch the whales anddolphins at play in season.

The harbour at Mossel Bay is one of themost modern commercial and recreationalharbours on the southern Cape coastline. TheMossgas Information Centre informs visitorsabout the project and the production of syn-thetic fuels from Mossel Bay's offshore gas

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fields. Other attractions include the AttequasKloof Pass, Anglo-Boer/South African Warblockhouses and the Bartholomew Dias com-plex.

The Historical Route at Plettenberg Baytakes the visitor to many interesting historicalsites, including the Old Whaling Station, theOld Timber Shed and Forest Hall. TheKeurbooms River Nature Reserve atPlettenberg Bay offers a canoeing trail, andthe Robberg Nature Reserve is a treasuretrove of land, marine, geological and archae-ological wealth.

Riversdale is one of South Africa's mostimportant fynbos export areas. Other attrac-tions include the Julius Gordon AfricanaMuseum.

Sedgefield borders Swartvlei Lagoon, thelargest natural inland saltwater lake in SouthAfrica. Activities include beach horse-riding,hiking, angling and bird-watching.

The Klein Karoo KannalandThe Klein Karoo Kannaland is a semi-desertbroken by unexpected lush river valleys.Excellent wines and port are produced in theCalitzdorp and De Rust areas.

Oudtshoorn, the world's ostrich feathercapital, is the region's main town. SouthAfrica's first German Angora Rabbit ShowFarm and the Swartberg Nature Reserve andPass are also worth a visit. The Klein KarooNasionale Kunstefees is held in the townannually. Some 26 km from Oudtshoorn liesthe remarkable Cango Caves, a series ofspectacular subterranean limestone caverns.Bearing evidence of early San habitation, the30-cave wonderland boasts magnificent drip-stone formations. Between 300 000 and 400 000 people visit the Caves annually.

Amalienstein and Zoar are historic missionstations midway between Ladismith andCalitzdorp. Visitors can go on donkey-cart andhiking trails through orchards and vineyards,while the Seweweekspoort is ideal for moun-tain biking, hiking, and protea and fynbosadmirers.

Calitzdorp boasts four wine estates, threeof which are open to the public. The spring

water of the Calitzdorp Spa is rich in mineralsand is reputed to have medicinal properties.The Gamka Mountain Reserve is home to therare and endangered Cape mountain zebra.

De Rust lies at the southern entrance toMeiringspoort. The Meiringspoort Gorgeextends 20 km through the Swartberg Moun-tain Range. Halfway through, a beautiful 69 m-high waterfall can be seen. Wine farmsin the area are open to the public.

Ladismith is home to the TowerkopCheese Factory. There are various hiking trails,mountain-biking trails and 4x4 trails in thearea. The Anysberg, Klein Karoo andTowerkop nature reserves can also be visited.

Uniondale, on the main route betweenGeorge and Graaff-Reinet, features thelargest water-wheel in the country, the OldWater-mill. Uniondale Poort is a scenic drivelinking Uniondale with Avontuur in theLangkloof Valley.

At Vanwyksdorp, visitors can see howfynbos is dried and packed for the exportmarket. Donkey-cart rides take visitors torestored ostrich palaces and Anglo-Boer/South African War grave sites.

Central Karoo regionBeaufort West is often referred to as the'Oasis of the Karoo'.

The Karoo National Park just outside thetown is home to the endangered black rhinoand riverine rabbit. Activities include hiking, 4x4routes, mountain biking and bird-watching.

The village of Matjiesfontein has beenrestored to its Victorian splendour and is anational monument. South Africa's largestprivately-owned museum can be found at theold station.

Prince Albert is a beautiful small town.The Fransie Pienaar Cultural History Museumincludes an exhibition relating to early 19thcentury mining activities. Local traditional wit-blits (white lightning) is distilled and sold here.Prince Albert is the closest town by road toDie Hel in Gamkaskloof. Some 150 yearsago, trekboers made this remote valley in theSwartberg Mountains their home. Today, it isa nature reserve administered by Cape Nature

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Conservation. The Swartberg Pass, which is agravel road, is one of the most spectacular inAfrica.

The Winelands regionThe Winelands region comprises many of thewine-growing areas of the Cape. The wineroutes in the Western Cape are among themost popular tourist attractions in SouthAfrica.

Franschhoek, first known as DieOliphantshoek, was renamed after the arrivalof the French Huguenots. The HuguenotMonument was built in 1938 to commem-orate the 250th anniversary of their arrival,and the Huguenot Museum depicts thegenealogical history of these families. TheFranschhoek Wine Route has about 20 mem-bers. Visitors can also enjoy various hikingtrails and historical walks.

Paarl lies between the second-largestgranite rock in the world and the Du Toit'sKloof Mountains, and is famous for its uniquearchitectural heritage confined to two squarekilometres. The Afrikaanse Taalmonument issituated on the slopes of the Paarl Mountain,and the Afrikaanse Taalmuseum is in the centre of the town. Visitors can also go toButterfly World and the Arboretum with over700 species of trees. There are also variousarts and crafts shops. The Paarl Mountain andNature Reserve is noted for its enormous 500-million-year-old granite rocks. The Paarl WineRoute has some 24 members.

Stellenbosch is the second-oldest town inSouth Africa, and is also known as theEikestad (town of oaks). Visitors can go onvarious historical walks. Dorp Street consistsof one of the longest rows of old buildingsstill existing in the country. The StellenboschVillage Museum consists of four homesteadsand gardens ranging from the late 17th tothe middle 19th centuries. The Simon van derStel Festival takes place in October each yearto commemorate the birthday of the founderof Stellenbosch. There are a number of naturereserves in the area. At the Oude LibertasAmphitheatre, visitors can enjoy concerts,ballets and other entertainment staged from

December to March. The Stellenbosch WineRoute has more than 40 members.

Wellington is the home of South Africa'sdried fruit industry. Most of South Africa'svine-cutting nurseries are found here.Strawberries, raspberries, youngberries andCape gooseberries can be picked by visitorson Wellington's own berry farm. There arevarious hiking and horse trails, as well asleather, fruit, historical, religious and educa-tional tours. The Wellington Wine Routecomprises seven members.

The well-known Spier Wine Estate wasestablished in 1679. Visitors to the Estate cannow enjoy a close encounter with Inca,Shadow and Spier, three of the five tamecheetahs who live there. In keeping with anongoing pledge to conserve and preserveSouth Africa's natural heritage, Spier has al-located land on the Estate to a group ofhand-raised cheetahs in the care of CheetahOutreach. The Fund was created to save thecheetah from becoming extinct. With just 12 000 cheetahs remaining, the cheetahcould be extinct within the next 15 years ifthe decline is not halted.

Each year, from November to March, theSpier Arts Trust brings summer alive with theSAA Summer Festival. Already after only afew acclaimed seasons of the Festival, the 1 155-seat Spier open-air amphitheatre, onthe banks of the Eerste River, is being dubbedas the premier Cape venue for enchantingmusical and other performances of excep-tionally rare quality.

West CoastThe West Coast comprises the Olifants RiverValley, the Swartland and the coastal areasbordering the Atlantic.

Within the first two months of the firstgood winter rains, wild flowers on the WestCoast explode in a brilliant array of colour.The area is famous for its abundance ofseafood and cultural historical heritage sites.

The town of Darling draws visitors to itscountry museum and art gallery, annual wildflower and orchid shows, basket factory andwine cellars. The entertainment venue Evita

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se Perron is situated at the old Darling RailwayStation in this picturesque West Coast village,and offers top entertainment from local starsEvita Bezuidenhout (Pieter-Dirk Uys) andother artists in cabaret, comedy and music.

The Hartbeeshuisie at Hopefield is a rep-lica of the original reed-built houses of thearea. Langrietvlei, a national monument,boasts a Guernsey and Hereford stud, ahoney farm and hiking trails.

Langebaan is a popular holiday destina-tion. The West Coast National Park, aninternationally renowned wetland, attractsthousands of visitors each year. The Lange-baan Lagoon forms part of the Park and iszoned for specific activities. The Postbergsection of the Park, across the Lagoon, isfamous for its wild flowers, blooming main-ly during August and September. Bird-watching, fishing, hiking, horse-riding andwhale-watching (in spring) opportunitiesabound.

Cape Columbine at Paternoster is the lastmanned lighthouse in South Africa. TheColumbine Nature Reserve is home to manysea-bird species.

Saldanha is a water-sport enthusiast'sparadise. Other attractions include the FrenchHuguenot Memorial and Doc's Cave, a land-mark on the scenic breakwater drive. There

are various hiking trails in the SAS SaldanhaNature Reserve.

St Helena Bay is best known for theVasco Da Gama Monument and Museum.Fishing (snoek in season), hiking, bird andwhale-watching opportunities also drawmany visitors.

Vredenburg, the business centre of thearea, offers shopping opportunities, cinemasand many other essential services. The golfcourse just outside the town is very popular.

The West Coast Fossil Park is situated110 km north of Cape Town. Visitors to thePark are given the chance to have an on-sitefossil experience and learn about the animallife and climate changes that occurred in theWestern Cape five million years ago. The Parkis also used for research and educational pro-grammes. Admission to the Park is strictly byappointment only.

Lambert's Bay is a traditional fishing vil-lage with Bird Island as a tourist attraction. Itis a breeding ground for jackass penguins,Cape cormorants and other sea birds. Vis-itors can also watch Southern Right whalesfrom June to November.

The picturesque town of Doring Bay withits attractive lighthouse is popular for itsseafood. The crayfish factory in town can bevisited by arrangement.

Strandfontein, situated about 8 km northof Doring Bay, is essentially a holiday andretirement resort. The interesting location ofthe town and its breathtaking view of theocean present a priceless panorama.

At Velddrif/Laaiplek, visitors can indulgein some bokkom (a West Coast salted fishdelicacy) at factories along the Berg River.Tourists can visit the salt-processing factory orthe West Coast Art Gallery in town.

Yzerfontein is famous for its unspoiltbeaches, fynbos, beautiful views and whale-watching. Another major attraction is the his-torical lime furnaces.

The Olifants River Valley/West CoastDuring the winter months, the Olifants RiverValley is filled with the heady scent of orangeblossoms. The citrus area in the Valley is the

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South Africa's renowned Blue Train is one of the world'smost luxurious railway services. The Train runs betweenCape Town and Pretoria, to Hoedspruit in Mpumalangaand along a section of the Garden Route between CapeTown and Port Elizabeth. A trip to the Victoria Falls inZimbabwe is also on offer. Each Blue Traincompartment has a fully-appointed bathroom en-suite,featuring either a bath or shower, a telephone,television and individually controlled air-conditioning.A video channel allows guests to access shortdocumentaries about the area through which the Trainis traveling, while a large screen in the club carprovides a driver's eye-view of the track ahead,courtesy of a camera mounted onto the front of thelocomotive. Other innovations include CD players andvideo machines in the luxury compartments.Professionally trained personnel are on call for guestsin each compartment 24 hours a day. The 380-m longTrain has 18 carriages, accommodates 84 passengerswith 27 staff to look after them, and travels at amaximum speed of 110 km/h.

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third-largest in South Africa. The wine route,from Citrusdal to Lutzville, boasts a selectionof internationally-acclaimed wines.

The world-renowned rooibos tea is alsoproduced here.

Citrusdal is famous for its citrus productsand wines. The Citrusdal Museum depicts thelives of the first Khoi inhabitants and the pi-oneering days of the early colonists.

The Goede Hoop Citrus Co-op has one ofthe largest citrus packing sheds in the country.

The Sandveldhuisie is a recently-built ex-ample of a typical Sandveld dwelling. Thereare several recognised mountain-bikingroutes, walking, hiking and canoeing trails,and a skydiving club. The CederbergWilderness Area features the elephant's footplant, the rare snow protea and the bestexamples of San rock art in the WesternCape.

Visitors to Clanwilliam can embark on arooibos tea or velskoen factory tour, or visitthe grave of the well-known South Africanpoet, Louis Leipoldt, or the Englishman'sGrave. Various historical buildings can beviewed. The Clanwilliam and Bulshoek damsare popular among watersport enthusiasts.

At Wupperthal, the oldest RhenishMission Station, at the foot of the CederbergMountains, a self-help footwear develop-ment project is under way. Workers sell thevelskoens to retailers, primarily in Gautengand the Western Cape. Two new 4x4 trailswere opened in October 1998, and the pro-ceeds go to community coffers for new hik-ing trails and building more overnight hutsand guest-houses.

Graafwater is situated within an area wellknown for its potato produce. Tourists canvisit the Heerenlogement, an overhangingrock used as overnighting site by early set-tlers.

Klawer was named after the wild clovergrowing in the area. During the flower sea-son, the area is a kaleidoscope of colour.Visitors can go on a hiking trail along theDoring River, as well as on a river-rafting trail.

Lutzville and Koekenaap are synonym-ous with wine and flowers in season.

Visitors can also view the Sishen-SaldanhaRailway Bridge. Where the railway line spansthe Olifants River, it is divided into 23 sec-tions, each 45 m long. The 14 100-t deck waspushed into position over teflon sheets withhydraulic jacks from the bridgehead. It is thelongest bridge in the world built using thismethod.

Vanrhynsdorp houses the largest succu-lent nursery in South Africa. The Latsky RadioMuseum houses a collection of old valveradios, some dating back to 1924. Bird-watching, mountain biking, day walks, hikingand 4x4 trails abound. The Troe-Troe andRietpoort mission stations are a must-see forhistorians.

Vredendal is the centre of the LowerOlifants River Valley. Major attractions includemarble-processing and manufacturing, indus-trial mines (dolomite and limestone), theKWV Grape Juice Concentrate Plant andDistillery, and the South African Dried FruitCo-op. The town is also home to theVredendal Wine Cellar, the largest co-operative wine cellar under one roof in thesouthern hemisphere.

Swartland region/West CoastThe Swartland is best known for its wheatproduction. Undulating wheat fields abound,interspersed with vineyards which producehigh-quality wines. Malmesbury is thebiggest town in the Swartland. Major attrac-tions include Bokomo Mills, wineries,Cartwright's Museum, the biggest oak tree inSouth Africa and the Malmesbury Museum.

The Riebeek Valley is known for its scenicbeauty. The area has become a popular havenfor well-known artists of various disciplines.Steeped in South African history, it is thebirthplace of both Genl Jan Smuts and Dr DFMalan. Smuts House is open to the public.

Elands Bay is a popular holiday resort and asurfer's paradise. Khoi and San rock art canbe viewed at Elands Bay Caves.

Moorreesburg is a major wheat-distribut-ing town. Visitors can visit the Wheat IndustryMuseum, one of only three wheat museumsin the world. Bird-watching, hiking, 4x4

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routes, clay-pigeon shooting, mountain-biketrails, canoeing and waterskiing atMisverstand are popular activities in andaround the town.

Piketberg offers unexpected surprises tothe adventurer. The town offers arts andcrafts, fauna and flora, wine culture and re-creation.

The Goedverwacht and Wittewater Mora-vian mission stations, situated close toPiketberg, are worth a visit.

Porterville is famous for its Disa Route(best in January and February). The GrootWinterhoek Mountain Peak in the GrootWinterhoek Wilderness Area is the second-highest in the Western Cape. There are sev-eral walking trails. The Dasklip Pass is verypopular for hang-gliding.

Overberg regionThe Hangklip-Kleinmond area comprisesKleinmond, Betty's Bay, Pringle Bay andRooiels. It is a popular holiday region, ideal forwhale-watching, and includes the KleinmondCoastal Nature Reserve and the Harold PorterBotanical Garden.

The Penguin Reserve at Stoney Point is oneof two breeding colonies of the jackass pen-guin on the African continent.

South Africa's first international bio-sphere reserve, the Kogelberg BiosphereReserve, was proclaimed by the UnitedNations Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganisation in 1999. The 90 000-haReserve includes 23 000 ha of marine en-vironment.

It runs along the coast from Gordon's Bayto the Bot River Vlei, stretching 2 km out tosea, and inland to the Groenlandberg, themountains near Grabouw. The Reserve con-sists of three major zones: a core wildernessarea, which includes the Kogelberg NatureReserve, buffer zones and transitionalzones.

Hermanus is a popular holiday resort, fam-ous for the best land-based whale-watchingin the world. The coastline offers miles of safewhite sand beaches, restaurants, sports facil-ities and a unique 12-km cliff path.

Stanford is one of the few villages inSouth Africa where the market square hasbeen retained. The central core of the villagehas been proclaimed a national conservationarea. A total of 124 bird species has beenrecorded to date.

Gansbaai is known for its excellent rockand boat angling, diving, and shark andwhale-watching. The Danger Point Light-house can be visited, named as such becauseof the ships that have been wrecked and livesthat have been lost on this dangerous coast.

De Kelders is the only freshwater cave onthe African coast. Spectacular views of South-ern Right whales can be enjoyed from thecliffs at De Kelders and along the coast toPearly Beach. Also popular are white sharktours, diving safaris and fishing trips.

Elim was founded by German missionariesin 1824 and is inhabited by members of theMoravian Church only. Visitors are welcometo attend services. The Old Watermill (1833)has been restored and is a national monu-ment.

The Kakebeenwa Monument in Napierwas built in memory of the Great Trek. Otherattractions include the Bat Caves Route, don-key and horse-cart routes, fynbos-viewingand horse trails.

The Agricultural Museum at Bredasdorphouses a collection of old farming equip-ment, as well as the biggest collection of bot-tles in the southern hemisphere. The Ship-wreck Museum displays material salvagedfrom ships wrecked off this treacherous coast.

A wool-route tour to some local farms canbe arranged between April and October.There are also tours to stud farms.

The lighthouse at L'Agulhas is the coun-try's second-oldest lighthouse and celeb-rated its 150th anniversary in March 1999. Ithouses a tearoom and a museum. About 1 km from the lighthouse is the southernmostpoint of Africa, Cape Agulhas. This is also themeeting point of the Indian and Atlanticoceans. Struisbaai has the longest whitecoastline in the southern hemisphere.

Arniston was named Waenhuiskrans bythe local fishers in honour of the huge sea

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cave capable of housing several ox-wagons.For outsiders it was named after Arniston, aship wrecked here in 1815. The Waen-huiskrans Cave can be explored at low tide.

The De Hoop Nature Reserve on the roadto Swellendam includes an internationallyrenowned wetland and bird sanctuary. Themarine reserve is a winter retreat for theSouthern Right whale and the WesternCape's only Cape griffen vulture colony.There is a mountain-bike trail and an environ-mental education centre. The red Bredasdorplily and many species of protea and erica arefound in the Heuningberg Nature Reserve.

Swellendam is famous for, among otherthings, its youngberries and eclectic architec-ture. The Drostdy Museum consists of agroup of buildings containing a huge selec-tion of period furniture. The BontebokNational Park, 7 km from Swellendam, givessanctuary to, among others, the threatenedbontebok.

Suurbraak is a mission village situated inthe fold of the Langeberg mountains, along-side the Buffelsjachts River about 5 km fromthe majestic Tradouw Pass.

Barrydale can be approached from threedirections: from the Overberg and GardenRoute via the magnificent Tradouw Pass, fromMontagu and the fertile Tradouw Valley, orfrom Oudtshoorn through the starkly beauti-ful Klein Karoo. Famous for its world-classwine, Barrydale offers the visitor fruit andfresh air in abundance.

Situated on the N2, about 160 km fromCape Town, Riviersonderend offers beautifulmountain and river scenery, a nine-hole golfcourse, and sightings of South Africa's na-tional bird, the blue crane.

Caledon is famous for its natural mineralwaters, hot springs and wild-flower shows.The Southern Associated Maltsters is the onlymalt producer for the South African lagerbeer industry, and is the largest in the south-ern hemisphere.

Genadendal is the oldest Moravian villagein Africa, with church buildings and a schooldating back to 1738. The GenadendalMission and Museum Complex documents

the first mission station in South Africa.Greyton is a peaceful town in a beautiful

mountain setting, where various outdooractivities can be enjoyed.

The Theewaterskloof Dam outside Villiers-dorp is the seventh-largest dam in the coun-try. The Villiersdorp Wild Flower Garden andNature Reserve has an indigenous herb gar-den and a reference library.

The Grabouw/Elgin district produces about60% of South Africa's total apple export crop.The valley is also renowned for cultivating freshchrysanthemums, roses and proteas. The ElginApple Museum is one of only two in the world.Organised fruit and flower tours are offered.Houwhoek Pass is a beautiful mountain pass,and the Elgin Valley road-side farm stalls arefamous for their fresh produce. Sir Lowry's Passoffers spectacular views of False Bay fromGordon's Bay to Cape Point.

The Breede River Valley regionAt the foot of the majestic LangebergMountains lies Ashton, an important wine-producing and food-processing centre.Besides being home to four wineries and twolarge canneries, Ashton also offers cruisesdown the Breede River, amazing rock forma-tions at the spectacular Cogmans Kloof, andbeautiful day walks in the surrounding foot-hills, allowing the visitor to take a closer lookat the region's fynbos.

Known as 'beautiful valley', Bonnievalelies in a fertile valley along the Breede River.Lush vineyards and peach and apricot orch-ards meander through the town, back-dropped by imposing mountains. The tranquilatmosphere, moderate climate, scenic beauty,excellent wines and well-known Bonnievalesausage all make for an enchanting visit.Other attractions include the Myrtle RiggChurch, the Parmalat Cheese Factory andcruises on the Breede River.

The vast fertile basin in which Ceres lies isone of the richest agricultural areas in theWestern Cape. Surrounded by mountainsthat are heavily capped with snow in winter,Ceres is encapsulated by streams from theBreede River. Hiking trails, 4x4 routes, moun-

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tain biking, nature reserves and even a ride ina Bedford truck to the summit of theMatroosberg Mountains are available forthose with a sense of adventure.

De Doorns is situated in the heart of theHex River Valley, the largest producer of tablegrapes in southern Africa. The many historicalbuildings and homesteads, San rock paint-ings, as well as the kaleidoscope of autumncolours and the famous Hex River 4x4 Route,are all ingredients that make a visit to theValley a truly unforgettable experience. Thelegend of the heks or witch of the Hex RiverValley adds to the mystery surrounding thisbreathtaking area.

The picturesque village of Gouda isrenowned for the Parrotts Den Pub, a livingmuseum, in the Gouda Hotel.

McGregor has a wealth of fascinatingwhitewashed, thatched cottages and well-preserved Victorian houses, making it oneof the best-preserved examples of mid-19thcentury architecture in the Western Cape.Besides the famous Boesmanskloof HikingTrail, there are other walks and hikes, bird-watching, and fabulous star-filled nightskies.

Montagu, gateway to the Klein Karoo, isset in a fertile valley and blessed with typicalKlein Karoo landscapes as well as the spec-tacular Cogman's Kloof with its unique rockformations. Renowned for its muscadelwines, mineral springs and unique tractortrailer rides that take the visitor to the summitof the Langeberg Mountains for a breath-taking view of the Robertson and Koo valleys,Montagu also offers hiking trails, 4x4 routes,mountain biking and some of the best rock-climbing in the world.

Prince Alfred Hamlet is the gateway tothe Gydo Pass, famous for its scenic views.This quaint village is an important deciduousfruit-farming area.

Hidden amidst vineyards and wine estateslies the picturesque town of Rawsonville,world-renowned for its array of award-win-ning wines. Tourists can enjoy an afternoondrive along the awe-inspiring SlanghoekValley, with its lush vineyards and breath-

taking views, or relax in the warm-water min-eral springs at the ATKV Goudini Spa.

Known as 'the valley of wine and roses',Robertson is one of the most beautiful areasin South Africa. Surrounded by vineyards,orchards, delectable fruit and radiant roses,Robertson produces connoisseur-qualitywines and is also known for its thoroughbredhorses.

Famous for its hiking trail and VermeulensVelskoen Factory, Saron, meaning 'theplains', has a charm of its own.

When the new railway to the north wasbuilt, Touwsriver became the first major loco-motive depot after Cape Town. TheAstronomical Survey Monument serves as areminder of the British expedition that studiedthe transit of Venus in 1882. The naturereserve is a hiker's paradise and home toabundant wildlife. Khoi-San paintings can beseen in this area, also known for its Karoo hos-pitality.

The picturesque village of Tulbagh is fam-ous for its heritage and historical home-steads. Church Street, home to 32 nationalmonuments, constitutes the largest concen-tration of national monuments in one streetin South Africa. Other attractions includewineries, hiking trails, mountain-biking,horse-riding, fishing, or a train ride throughthe scenic Nuwe Kloof Pass.

Wolseley is situated on an extraordinarywatershed. This unique phenomenon, one ofonly a few in the world, together with thevarious hiking trails, mountain-biking, trout-fishing, farm visits, wine-tasting and water-falls, make a visit to the town an unforget-table experience. An added attraction is theblock houses dating back to the Anglo-Boer/South African War.

In the heart of the Breede River Valley liesWorcester, encircled by majestic moun-tains. Museums, art galleries and thetown's architectural heritage make it wortha visit. Visitors can experience life as thepioneers lived in years gone by at theKleinplasie Living Open-air Museum.Brandies and world-renowned wines canbe enjoyed. The indigenous semi-desert

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vegetation as well as the landscaped gar-dens of the Karoo National BotanicalGardens will enthrall the visitor with theirbeauty. Hiking trails, fishing opportunitiesand 4x4 routes abound.

Northern CapeThe Augrabies Falls National Park remains themain attraction of the Northern Cape. Game-viewing drives reveal a variety of bird life, andanimals such as klipspringers, steenbok, various wildcats and otters. The popular three-day Klipspringer Trail encompasses all themajor landmarks in the southern section of thePark, including some amazing rock formations.

The Wonderwerk Cave at Kuruman fea-tures extensive San paintings that may beviewed by appointment.

The Big Hole in Kimberley is the largesthand-dug excavation in the world. TheKimberley Tram Service dates from the begin-ning of the century and still transports passen-gers from the City Hall to the Mine Museum.

Underground mine tours are a big attrac-tion, as well as the famous ghost tours, dur-ing which many historical buildings are seenfrom a different angle.

Hand and mechanical diamond digging byprivate diggers can be visited by appointment.

The famous McGregor Museum housesinvaluable collections of the archaeologicalfinds in the area, as well as San art works. ASan settlement can be visited.

Sol Plaatje House and a Galeshewe town-ship tour provide a fresh perspective on SouthAfrica's socio-historical realities.

The Orange River Wine Cellars Co-op inUpington offers wine-tasting and cellar tours.

The SA Dried Fruit Co-operative is the sec-ond-largest and one of the most modern of itskind in the world. Tours of the plant are offered.

Moffat's Mission in Kuruman is a tranquilplace featuring the house of Robert Moffat,the church he built and several other build-ings. Moffat translated the Bible intoSetswana – the first African language inwhich the Bible was made accessible.

The printing press on which he printed thefirst 2 000 copies can still be seen. The

church can seat 800 people and is still in use.David Livingstone married Moffat's daughterand started many famous travels from thismission station.

The Kalahari Raptor Centre cares forinjured birds, and many of these majesticbirds can be seen at close quarters.

Hand-built irrigation tunnels at Kakamasare still in use today. The Orange River WineCellar Co-op Rockery Route runs betweenKeimoes and Kakamas.

Kanoneiland is a settlement on thebiggest island in the Orange River in theGreen Kalahari region.

At Keimoes, the Orange River flows at itswidest. The Tierberg Nature Garden offersspectacular views of the Keimoes valley andthe many islands in the Orange River. Theoriginal irrigation canal system is still in use.The Orange River Wine Cellar Co-op's largestcellar is situated here.

Kenhardt is the oldest town in the LowerOrange River area. The Quiver Tree Forestand Kokerboom Hiking Trail consist ofbetween 4 000 and 5 000 quiver trees. TheVerneuk Pan Tourist Route leads visitors tothe rare phenomenon of the remains of apermanent San settlement and the track onwhich Sir Malcolm Campbell once attemptedto shatter the land-speed record.

Namaqualand, the land of the Nama andSan people, annually puts on a spectacularshow in spring. A floral splendour covers vasttracts of desert.

The flowers sprout and survive for a briefperiod before they wilt and disappear just assuddenly in the face of blistering heat and dryconditions.

Another marvel is the Witsand NatureReserve about 70 km west of Postmasburg.A 100-m high dune of brilliant white sandcan be seen. It stretches for about 9 km andis about 2 km wide. The dunes are in vividcontrast to the red Kalahari sand, olive-green thorns and hazy blue LangbergMountains.

The province offers several hiking trails,horse trails, mountain-biking, canoeing,white-river rafting and combination trails.

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Free State

BloemfonteinThe Eerste Raadsaal (First Parliament Building)was built in 1849 as a school. It is Bloem-fontein's oldest surviving building still existingin its original condition, and is still in use asseat of the Provincial Legislature.

The National Afrikaans Literary Museumand Research Centre houses a repository ofworks by prominent Afrikaans authors.Exhibits in the Afrikaans Music Museum andthe Theatre Museum (part of the Centre)include old musical instruments, sheet music,costumes, photographs and furniture.

The National Museum is notable for itswide collection of fossils, cultural-historicalexhibits and archaeological displays, includingthe Florisbad skull, which was discovered inthe thirties at the Florisbad spring, about 50 km north of Bloemfontein.

The National Women's Memorial is asandstone obelisk, 36,5 m high, which com-memorates the women and children whodied in concentration camps during theAnglo-Boer/South African War. The WarMuseum not only gives insight into the Warthrough its unique art collection, dioramasand exhibits, but also brings the visitor closerto understanding the background againstwhich the War took place. Visitors are alsoafforded a glimpse into the life in the con-centration and prisoner-of-war camps. Theresearch library contains an extensive collec-tion of Africana.

The Old Presidency dates back to 1885 andwas the official residence of three Presidents

of the former Republic of the Orange FreeState. The Presidency houses a museumdepicting their respective terms of office, anda cultural centre for art exhibitions, theatricalproductions and musical events.

King's Park Rose Garden was opened bythe Prince of Wales in 1925 and contains over4 000 rose bushes.

The Observatory Theatre in Bloemfontein'sgame reserve is a unique attraction.

The Sand du Plessis Theatre and art galleryat Oliewenhuis are also worth visiting.

Transgariep regionBethulie used to be a London MissionarySociety station, and the original mission build-ings still stand.

The Pellissier House Museum depicts thehistory of events in the area.

The Gariep Dam, more than 100 km longand 15 km wide, is part of the Orange RiverWater Scheme. Situated between the Damand Bethulie lies the Gariep Dam NatureReserve. On the southern side of the Dam liesthe Oviston Nature Reserve.

Philippolis was founded as a London Mis-sionary Society station in 1824, and was thefirst mission station in the province. A witblitsfestival is held every April.

The Tussen-die-Riviere Nature Reserve re-putedly supports more game than any othersanctuary in the Free State. It is reserved forhunters in autumn and winter.

Trails in the region include horse trails,hikes, mountain-bike trails and day walks.

Eastern Highlands regionThe Basotho Cultural Village in the QwaQwaNational Park is a living museum where vis-itors can witness the Sotho traditions andlifestyles in the chief's kraal.

Clocolan is known for its cherry trees,whose blossoms provide a spectacular sight inspring. San rock paintings and engravings arefound in the area.

Clarens is often described as 'the jewel ofthe Free State', owing to the spectacularscenery. San paintings are found on farms inthe area. Close by, the Highlands Route

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The period 1999–2002 sees the commemoration of theAnglo-Boer/South African War that took place from 1899–1902. The National Women's Memorial and WarMuseum in Bloemfontein, as well as places of interestall over the Free State, are worth a visit for peopleinterested in the War. These include:• Onze Rust, farm of former President of the Orange

Free State, MT Steyn• Brandfort, where a monument for black people who

died in concentration camps was erected• battle sites at Sannaspos and Paardeberg as well as

various others throughout the province.

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meanders along the foothills of the MalutiMountains. One can also explore the magnif-icent mountain scenery on bike.

Ficksburg is known for its cherry andasparagus farms. A cherry festival is heldannually in November. The town is a gatewayto the Mountain Kingdom of Lesotho.

The Golden Gate Highlands National Parkis known for its beautiful scenery and is avery popular holiday destination. A vulturerestaurant enables visitors to observe thesescavengers closely. San paintings can beviewed.

The Highlands Route follows the Lesothoborder via Ladybrand and ends at Zastron inthe south. San caves and rock art are some ofthe main features of the Route.

The Seekoeivlei Nature Reserve is listed as aWetland of International Importance, and ishome to endangered bird species such as theblue crane and wattled crane.

Riemland regionBethlehem lies on the banks of the JordaanRiver and was founded by the Voortrekkersduring the 1840s. The museum in MillerStreet depicts the history of the area. Thebanks of the Jordaan River form part of thePretoriuskloof Nature Reserve – a sanctuaryfor birds and small game.

Van Reenen's Pass winds through theDrakensberg, and was originally used bymigrating herds of zebra, hartebeest, blesbokand wildebeest. The Llandaff Oratory in thenearby village of Van Reenen is thought tobe the smallest Roman Catholic church in theworld.

At Harrismith there are various memorialsin honour of those who fought in the Anglo-Boer/South African War and World War I. Ofparticular interest is a memorial for the ScotsGuards and Grenadier Guards. Platberg, the 2 394-m 'flat mountain', is the town's land-mark. A famous race, claimed by some to bethe toughest in the country, is run annuallyup, along and back down the mountain.Sterkfontein Dam is ideal for water sports andfishing. Other attractions include the Kerken-berg Monument and Harrismith Wildflower

Gardens, and the block-house which had toguard the water supplies during the Anglo-Boer/South African War.

The Riemland Museum in Heilbron depictsthe heritage and the agricultural activities ofthe region.

The QwaQwa district is a traditional hometo the Southern Sotho people. Karakul car-pets, mohair, wall hangings, copper, glass-ware and brass are made and sold at Phutha-ditjhaba. The Metsi Matsho and Fika Patsodams are renowned for trout-fishing.

Sasolburg originated in 1954 with theestablishment of Sasol, the synthetic fuel pro-ducer.

Welkom is known for its gold mines. It isalso the only city in the country that makesuse of traffic circles instead of traffic lights.

Winburg is the oldest town and first cap-ital of the former Republic of the Orange FreeState. The Voortrekker Museum, using life-size models, depicts the daily routine of thetrekkers. A concentration camp cemetery issituated close by.

Eastern CapeThe Eastern Cape is situated along the south-eastern coast of South Africa and is the onlyprovince in South Africa, and one of the fewplaces on earth, where all seven biomes(major vegetation types) converge.

With approximately 820 km of unspoiltcoastline, the beaches of the Eastern Capeare among the most impressive anywhere,stretching from the Tsitsikamma National Parkon the south coast, across St Francis Bay,Jeffreys Bay and Algoa Bay, up to the pristineWild Coast and south-eastern coast to PortEdward. Added to the diverse coastal experi-ences are a number of national parks and pri-vate game reserves, which collectively coveran area greater than the Kruger NationalPark.

East London, South Africa's only riverport, was originally established as a supplyport to serve the military headquarters at KingWilliam's Town. The city's own waterfront de-velopment, Latimer's Landing, is situated onthe banks of the Buffalo River. The East

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London Aquarium houses approximately 400different species of marine and freshwateranimals.

The East London Museum depicts the nat-ural environment and rich heritage of theregion. Best known for the prehistoric coel-acanth, the Museum also displays reconstruc-tions of the extinct dodo of Mauritius, alongwith the only known dodo egg in the world.

Port Elizabeth is a superb holiday destina-tion, offering a diverse mix of eco-attractions.The Algoa Bay National Sailing Week is heldannually in May. There are various scuba-diving sites. Other attractions include nation-al parks and game reserves; South Africa'sonly traditional healing village, Kaya Lendaba;bird-watching; air flips; canoeing; variousmountain-bike and horse-riding trails; andorganised outdoor excursions. Tourists canvisit various museums and memorials, go onthe Donkin Heritage Trail, take a ride on thefamous Apple Express, and visit the Ocean-arium.

Grahamstown is sometimes referred to asthe City of Saints, because of the more than40 churches found in the town. The NationalArts Festival is held there annually. Otherattractions include various museums and his-torical buildings, the oldest post-box in SouthAfrica, botanical gardens, the Cathedral of StMichael and St George, nature reserves andhiking trails.

The Wild Coast draws many fishers.Catches include musselcracker and sardines.Southern Right whales and their calves areregularly spotted from May to November.Common and bottlenose dolphins are oftenseen close to shore. Coffee Bay is popularamong surfers, anglers and shell collectors.The new alignment of the N2 national routealong the Wild Coast, and the establishmentof the Pondoland National Park, will open upinvestment opportunities.

To the south, 'the Hole in the Wall' is aprominent landmark. Waves continuouslycrash through the huge hole in the cliff. Thecoast on both sides of the cliff is notorious forthe number of ships that have been wreckedthere. In addition to fishing, the giant sand

dunes and rich oyster beds, the Wild Coast isrenowned for its beautiful beaches.

Visitors to the rural village of Qunu areshown the plot where former PresidentNelson Mandela's childhood home used tostand, as well as his parents' graves.

Inland, the Owl House in Nieu-Bethesdadisplays the creative talent of the late HelenMartins. Statues of mermaids, wise men,camels and churches create a wonderland inthe garden. Everything was built with brokenbottles, bits of mirror and cement.

Over 200 houses in Graaff-Reinet havebeen restored to their original Victorian look,and have been proclaimed national monu-ments. The Old Library Museum houses theLex Bremner Fossil Collection of Karoo reptilefossils and a collection of Khoi and San artreproductions. Urquhart House has a populargenealogical research centre.

The first evidence of the presence ofdinosaurs in South African can be viewed atMaclear.

The Eastern Cape has a variety of officialconservation areas such as the MkambatiNature Reserve, Mountain Zebra NationalPark and Addo Elephant National Park.

Northern ProvinceThe Northern Province is well endowed withcultural diversity, historic sites and touristattractions.

Bushveld regionThe Nylsvley Nature Reserve has one of thegreatest concentrations of waterfowl andbushveld birds in South Africa. More than400 species frequent the area.

Potgietersrus vicinity has several naturereserves. The Arend Dieperink Museum has afine cultural-historical collection, and theMakapan Caves are notable for their fossils.The Caves are being developed into anarchaeological site.

The Thabazimbi district has a large con-centration of private game reserves and is oneof the fastest-growing ecotourism areas inthe country. The Marekele National Park, withits Cape vulture colony, is a leader in the con-

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servation of the black rhino outside of theKruger National Park and the KwaZulu-Natalparks.

Warmbaths is known for its hot springs,which attract more than a million visitorsevery year. There are a number of gamereserves and leisure resorts in the area.

The Waterberg Range is rich in indigenoustrees, streams, springs, wetlands and bird life.Cliffs known as 'the palace of the vultures'harbour a large breeding colony of Cape vul-tures. Nylstroom is the main town of thisregion.

Capricorn regionThe Bakone Malapa Open-air Museum out-side Pietersburg is a traditional NorthernSotho kraal. Men and women practise tradi-tional skills such as making baskets, clay pots,furniture and utensils, and preparing hides.

Zion City at Moria near Pietersburg is theheadquarters of the Zion Christian Church,which attracts more than a million pilgrimsevery Easter.

Pietersburg itself hosts a great variety ofmuseums and art galleries.

Soutpansberg regionThe Mapungubwe Archaeological Site, situ-ated 80 km west of Messina, lies within theboundaries of the Dongola/Vhembe NationalPark. It is one of the richest of its kind inAfrica. Excavations in the thirties uncovered aroyal graveyard, which included a number ofgolden artefacts.

The Schoemansdal Voortrekker Town andMuseum, west of Louis Trichardt, is built onthe site of an original Voortrekker village, anddepicts their lifestyle between 1848 and1852.

Also worth visiting is the Big Tree (the largestknown baobab in southern Africa), Tsha-tshingo potholes, the mystical lake ofDzivhafundudzi, and the holy forest at Phiphidiin Vendaland.

Lowveld regionThe Modjadji Nature Reserve, north ofTzaneen, is named after the legendary Rain

Queen, Modjadji, who is believed to have set-tled in the area early in the 16th century. TheReserve encompasses the world's largest con-centration of the cycad species Encephalartostransvenosus, also known as the Modjadjipalm. At the end of June 2001, QueenModjadji V passed away. By October 2001,her successor had still to be named.

The Hans Merensky Nature Reserve andMineral Spa on the southern banks of theGreat Letaba River supports a large variety ofgame. More than 200 bird species have beenrecorded.

At the Tsonga Kraal Open-air Museum,arts, crafts and traditional huts reflect theTsonga lifestyle of about 100 years ago.

The Kruger National Park (northern section)is one of South Africa's biggest tourist attrac-tions. The Park is home to a huge numberand a wide variety of amphibians, reptiles,birds, and 147 mammal species, including theBig Five (lion, leopard, buffalo, rhino and ele-phant). Thulamela, in the northern part of theKruger National Park, was opened to guid-ed groups in June 1997. This followed sevenyears of archaeological excavations, whichbrought to light the skeletons of two ancientroyals and a multitude of artefacts, includinggold bangles, beads and a double gong.

The number of foreign visitors to theKruger Park rose by nearly 20% from 14 790 in December 1999 to 17 693 inDecember 2000. In June 2001, the soil-turn-ing ceremony for the new Kruger Mpuma-langa International Airport took place. TheAirport will serve the eco-tourist and com-mercial traffic in southern Africa.

North-WestThe North-West has five geographically dis-tinct areas, namely the Central, Eastern, Bo-phirima, Rustenburg and Southern districts.

Central districtThe Historic Route of Mafikeng includes anAnglo-Boer/South African War siege site, theMolema House where Sol Plaatje lived whilewriting his Mafikeng Diary, and the MafikengMuseum.

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The Lichtenburg Game Breeding Centreand the Botsalano Game Reserve are wellworth a visit.

The Groot Marico region is known asmampoer country, and visitors can embark ona mampoer and tobacco route. The KortkloofCultural Village is dedicated to the Tswanapeople.

Other attractions include the Wondergat,the Bosbult Monument which commem-orates a battle during the Anglo-Boer/SouthAfrican War, the Kaditshwene Iron AgeVillage Ruins, and various hiking trails.

Eastern districtThe Hartbeespoort Dam is a popular spotfor weekend outings, breakfast runs andyachting. The Hartbeespoort Cableway offersa breathtaking view of the Dam and sur-rounding areas.

The Hartbeespoort Reptile and Animal Parkis situated on the banks of the Dam.

Cultural experiences in the area includethe popular Mapoch and Gaabo Motho cul-tural villages as well as the Ring Wagon Inn.

The De Wildt Cheetah Breeding andResearch Centre specialises in breeding chee-tah and other endangered wildlife species.Other places of interests include the Bora-kalalo Game Reserve, the Margaret RobertsHerb Farm and the Phaladingwe Nature Trail.

The Vredefort Dome is a crater of 40 kmacross, caused by the collision of a meteoritewith the earth many years ago. It featuresunique fauna and flora. A variety of hikingand mountain-bike trails as well as canoeingon the Vaal River are offered.

Bophirima districtThe Taung Skull Site and the Blue Pools arerenowned for the Taung skull found in theBuxton quarries next to a valley with caves,clear blue pools and streams. This region ispopular with adventure-seekers – especiallythe 4x4 routes and hunting farms.

Rustenburg districtThe Pilanesberg National Park supports over 7 000 head of game, including the Big Five

and 350 bird species. It is the fourth-biggestnational park in South Africa, and covers 65 000 ha. Guided day and night game drivesare available.

The Madikwe Game Reserve is home tothe biggest game relocation programme ever.Over 10 000 animals of 27 major species haveso far been reintroduced under OperationPhoenix. A hot-air balloon ride, day and nightgame drives, and bushwalks are available.Sun City and the Palace of the Lost City arevery popular tourist attractions offering gambling, golf, extravaganza shows, watersport and an artificial sea.

There are various hiking trails in the region. The Heritage Route, which starts at the

Sterkfontein Caves World Heritage Site andends at Pilanesberg, was launched in mid-2000.

Southern districtThe OPM Prozesky Bird Sanctuary in Pot-chefstroom has over 200 bird species and issituated adjacent to the Mooi River. TheOudorp Hiking Trail takes visitors through theold part of Klerksdorp where the original 12Voortrekker families settled.

Other attractions in the region include thePotchefstroom Lakeside resort, the FaanMeintjies Nature Reserve in Klerksdorp, minetours at Orkney, the Diggers Route at Wol-maransstad and the Bloemhof Dam NatureReserve.

MpumalangaMpumalanga – 'the place where the sunrises' – epitomises every traveller's dream ofthe true African experience. Located in thenorth-eastern part of South Africa, theprovince is bordered by Mozambique to theeast and the Kingdom of Swaziland to thesouth and east.

The climate and topography vary from coolhighland grasslands at 1 600 m above sealevel, through the middleveld and escarp-ment, to the subtropical lowveld towards theKruger National Park and many private gamereserves. Scenic beauty, climate and wildlife,voted the most attractive features of South

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Africa, are found in abundance in theprovince.

Attractions range from game-viewing andbird-watching to scenic drives across the val-leys and peaks of the vast Drakensbergescarpment, and include agri- and industrialtourism, adventure tourism and cultural ex-periences. Historical sites and villages, oldwagon routes and monuments mark eventsand characters who passed this way before insearch of adventure and wealth.

The cultural heritage of the province is var-ied and exciting. The Ndebele beadwork andhouse-painting in the north-west, the artsand crafts of the Lowveld, and the differenttraditional villages all over the province offer aunique insight into the history of the people.

The Maputo Development Corridor linksGauteng with the Maputo Harbour inMozambique, and has opened new tourismopportunities for Mpumalanga.

NelspruitNelspruit is the capital of Mpumalanga andthe commercial and administrative hub of theLowveld. The Nelspruit Historical Trail is anhour-long route stretching from the Promen-ade Centre to the Civic Centre.

The Blue Train runs between Pretoria andNelspruit from May to September on a tripcalled the Lowveld Experience. Rovos Rail'strains also visit Nelspruit.

The Green Heritage Hiking Trail in the Nel-spruit Nature Reserve is one of several walks inthe Reserve and one of many in the region.

Not to be missed when in Nelspruit is theLowveld Botanical Garden, as well as theReptile Park, both situated near the Emno-tweni Casino. The Lowveld National Botanical

Garden features many rare Lowveld species,which include the country's best collection ofindigenous ferns, 500 tree species and thefamous rare cycads.

The Sudwala Caves, including a CrystalCave tour, with adjacent cultural village, PROwen Dinosaur Park and the artists' village ofWhite River should also not be missed.

PanoramaBarberton features many reminders of theearly gold-rush era. Museums include Bel-haven, Fernlea House and Stopforth House.The only known verdite deposits in the worldare found in the rocks of the Barberton dis-trict. Verdite has been used by sangomas forpromoting fertility. An annual Diggers Festivalis held in September.

The Blyderivierspoort Nature Reservenear Graskop is characterised by striking rockformations and a rich diversity of plants.Within the Reserve, the Bourke's Luck Pot-holes were formed by river erosion and theaction of flood water.

The spectacular Blyde River Canyon is a 26-km long gorge carved out of the face of theescarpment, and is one of the natural won-ders of Africa. The Canyon is the third-largestin the world but the only green canyon, andhosts three rivers which feed the BlydepoortDam at Swadini. God's Window provides amagnificent view of miles of thickly-forestedmountains, the green Lowveld and theCanyon. The Blyderivierspoort Hiking Trail isone of the most popular in the country. Anumber of other hiking trails are also avail-able.

The southern section of the KrugerNational Park falls in this region. The Park isa major tourist attraction, locally and interna-tionally. The main camps have an excellentrange of facilities. Game-viewing is easier inwinter, and guided wilderness trails as well ashiking trails are available. Tourists are alsotaken on open-vehicle drives.

Kaapsehoop is a quaint historical villageknown for the wild horses that frequent thedistrict. Blue swallows are regular visitors fromSeptember to April.

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The Mpumalanga Tourism Bill was released early in 2001by the provincial Economic Affairs, Gaming and TourismDepartment. The Bill proposes the transformation of theMpumalanga Tourism Authority from a Section 21company to a parastatal, the Mpumalanga TourismAgency. It also proposes the establishment of theMpumalanga Tourism Fund, which will be used for thedevelopment of emerging tourism business.

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The Lydenburg Museum is situated in theGustav Klingbiel Reserve, which is the site ofarchaeological ruins from the Later Iron Age.The world-famous Lydenburg Heads werediscovered in this area.

The Mac Mac Pools and Falls outside Sabieare worth a visit. The 69-km Prospector's Trailstarts at the Mac Mac Forest Station andleads to the Bourke's Luck Potholes.

At the Montrose Falls in Schoemanskloof,the Crocodile River cascades 12 m into aseries of rock pools. It is also the starting pointof the annual Lowveld Crocodile CanoeMarathon, held in February.

Pilgrim's Rest is a living museum and areplica of the early gold-mining town. TheAlanglade House Museum offers guided toursof the former mine manager's house, whilethe Diggings Museum just outside the townarranges guided tours of gold-panning activ-ities. This area was the setting for Jock of theBushveld, the novel by Sir Percy Fitzpatrickabout the experiences of a man and his dog asthey share adventures in the world of Africangold-mining. The Dredzen Shop Museum con-sists of a store stocked with a range of items inuse nearly a century ago. The Pilgrim's RestFestival is held annually in December.

Mount Sheba Nature Reserve, south ofPilgrim's Rest, is best known for its indigen-ous forest – one of the few left in the region.

Sabie is the centre of the largest man-made forest in South Africa.

The Cultural-historical Forestry Museumdepicts various aspects of the country's for-estry industry. The Bridal Veil, Horseshoe andLone Creek falls just outside Sabie are wortha visit.

Cultural heartlandThe Loskop Dam Nature Reserve is one of thecountry's largest reserves, and offers game-watching, boating and fishing.

The Botshabelo Mission Station andTraditional Village provides a look into the tra-ditional lifestyle of the South Ndebele people and the daily routine of a 19th-centurymission station. Ndebele women do beadworkand other handicrafts, and paint the attractive

murals which are prominent features of theirculture.

The Highlands Meander is famous for itstrout-fishing opportunities. Bird-watching,walking trails and horse trails are also pop-ular. The Steenkampsberg Nature Reserve,outside Dullstroom, provides sanctuary forthe rare wattled crane. The annual TroutFestival is held in October.

Horse-riding and trout-fishing are popularin the Highlands Meander area. A large num-ber of hiking trails are available, such as theElandskrans Trail, which includes a 30-minutetrain ride between Waterval-Boven andWaterval-Onder.

Wildlife frontierThe mineral spa at Badplaas is a popular holi-day destination. There are many walking,horse-riding and 4x4 trails in the area, as wellas a 1 000-ha nature reserve.

The lake district of Mpumalanga, hostingsmall villages such as Wakkerstroom, Lothair,Amsterdam and Lake Chrissie, is a bird-watcher's paradise where many rare andendangered species are found. This area joinsKwaZulu-Natal through the Rainbow Route,which provides exquisite tourism sites.

There are 270 pans and lakes within a 20-km radius of Lake Chrissie. A star-gazingevening, Frog Festival (in which frogs are cap-tured, identified and released as part of theFrog Atlas Project run by the universities ofthe Witwatersrand and Cape Town), butterflywalk and veld flower walk are held annually.

GautengIn 2000, foreign and domestic visitorsbrought an estimated R42 billion into Gau-teng. The Gauteng Provincial Government isto contribute more than R300 million overthe next three years towards developingtourist sites in the province. These include aBig Five Nature Reserve east of Pretoria, devel-oping infrastructure in the LeeufonteinNature Reserve and Roodeplaat Dam Reserve,and improving the Cradle of Mankind Her-itage Site near Krugersdorp.

Gauteng offers a vibrant business environ-

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ment and many tourist attractions, includinga rainbow of ecological and cultural diversity.

The Vaal Dam covers some 300 km2 and isa popular venue for water sport. Numerousresorts line the shore. The Dam also attracts agreat diversity of birds.

Vanderbijlpark was built during the late1940s by the Iron and Steel Corporation toaccommodate its employees.

The Sterkfontein Caves near Krugersdorpare the site of the discovery of the skull of thefamous Mrs Ples, a 250-million-year-oldhominid fossil.

The Caves comprise a series of cavernswith many stalactites and stalagmites and ahuge underground lake. Guided tours are

available. The Wonder Cave, about two bil-lion years old, is one of South Africa's mostimpressive natural assets. In 1999, Sterk-fontein and its environs were declared aWorld Heritage Site.

The Krugersdorp Game Reserve providessanctuary for several game species, includingfour of the Big Five. The African Fauna andBird Park houses various species of wildlifeand birds.

The South African National Railway andSteam Museum at Randfontein Estates Gold-mine outside Krugersdorp houses some ofthe country's old steam locomotives, a diesel-electric locomotive and more than 50 vintagepassenger coaches. Train rides are offeredonce a month.

A team of Lippizaner stallions performs reg-ularly at the South African National Horse-manship Centre, Kyalami, near Johannesburg.

Visitors to Roodepoort can go on walksand trails through the Kloofendal NatureReserve, or enjoy a picnic or show at the pop-ular Kloofendal Amphitheatre. The Wit-watersrand National Botanical Garden boastsa 70-m high waterfall.

Forty kilometres north of Pretoria lies a ringof hills a kilometre in diameter and 100 mhigh. These hills are the walls of an impactcrater left by an asteroid that hit there some200 000 years ago. The Tswaing MeteoriteCrater is similar in size to the well-knownBarringer meteor crater in Arizona. The Craterwalls at Tswaing were originally about twiceas high as they are today.

There is a museum adjacent to the Crater.A path leads from the museum to the Crater,along the rim, and down to the central lake.The Crater is covered with indigenous treesand bushes, and attracts a variety of bird life.

The old mining town of Cullinan developedaround the Premier Diamond Mine, andmany of the turn-of-the-century houses stillstand. The Mine has produced some of theworld's most famous diamonds, including theCullinan, at 3 106 carats the world's largest.

The Willem Prinsloo Agricultural Museumoutside Cullinan centres around a farmsteaddating from 1880.

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In November 2000, the Minister of Environmental Affairsand Tourism, Mr Valli Moosa, launched the secondphase of the Hector Petersen Memorial Square in Sowetowhen he unveiled the memorial stone to HectorPetersen, the 14-year-old schoolboy who was one of thefirst fatalities during the Soweto uprising in 1976. TheMemorial Square is the flagship tourism developmentproject of the Department of Environmental Affairs andTourism, using poverty-relief funds. About R2 billion inpoverty-relief funds have been earmarked by theGovernment as part of its commitment to fight povertyand create jobs in South Africa. The Department hasbeen given a total of R169 million for tourist-relatedpoverty-relief projects. This has resulted in the approvalof some 118 projects. The Minister said that the R16-million Memorial was part of a larger plan to openSoweto to tourism. The site is one of many (includingFreedom Square, Regina Mundi, the homes of manyprominent leaders of the struggle and the OppenheimerTower and Park) which form part of the tourist routedepicting the history of Soweto. The project, which is inPhase Two of construction, will create 2 500 jobs.Further permanent jobs will be created as the sitedevelops. The Square will provide public facilities,historic information and tourist services. The mainvisitors' centre will be located at the site and havephotographic exhibitions, a museum, an art gallery andcurio shops, and will form a link with the well-knownUncle Tom's community centre. The Department'spoverty-relief projects are situated throughout thecountry and try to maximise their effect in poor areas.The main target group (60%) is women-headedhouseholds earning less than R600 per month. Thetourism projects are expected to produce 8 600 jobs.

Soweto is the 16th-most-visited destination in SouthAfrica by international tourists.

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Traditional farming activities are demon-strated, and annual events include a pricklypear festival, a mampoer festival and theAgricultural Museum Show.

JohannesburgThe Adler Museum of the History of Medicinedepicts the history of medicine, dentistry andpharmacy in South Africa. The PharmacyMuseum in Melrose houses a large variety ofmedicines, including more than 670 tradi-tional medicines that have been collectedthroughout southern Africa.

There is also a display of old prescriptionbooks and dictionaries used by pharmacists in1755.

MuseuMAfrica in Newtown tells the storyof life in South Africa from the Stone Age tothe Nuclear Age and beyond. The museum islocated in the old fruit and vegetable buildingnext to the Market Theatre.

The Market Theatre Complex comprisesthree theatres, an art gallery, restaurants andpubs. Kippies Jazz Bar is a popular venue forlive jazz.

Lesedi Cultural Village in the SwartkopsHills north of Johannesburg gives visitors theopportunity to meet families of differenttribes. Visitors can spend the night with thefamily of their choice.

The Phumanegna Zulu Kraal is an authen-tic Zulu kraal with traditional Zulu people liv-ing and working there.

The Melville Koppies in Johannesburg wasonce the site of a Stone Age African villageand iron-smelting works. The flora includes80% of the species recorded on theWitwatersrand. It is open to the public fromSeptember to April only.

Gold Reef City is a reconstruction of Johan-nesburg during the gold-rush era. Attractionsinclude a Victorian fun-fair, pubs, miners'houses, a brewery, restaurants, a hotel and astock exchange. Visitors can take a trip downan old mine shaft and watch molten goldbeing poured.

At Santarama Miniland and Entertain-ment World visitors can explore some models of South Africa's most popular

beacons, such as Robben Island,Johannesburg International Airport, EastLondon Harbour, the Castle of Good Hopein Cape Town, and the Union Buildings inPretoria.

The South African Museum of MilitaryHistory houses an impressive collection ofweaponry and uniforms from the two worldwars. The South African Transport Museum(Heidelberg) relates to all aspects of SouthAfrica's transport services.

A large, well-established park surroundsZoo Lake, which is frequented by breedingbird colonies. Other attractions include jazzconcerts, rowing boats for hire, a tea gardenand a restaurant.

Soweto is the 16th-most-popular destina-tion for international visitors in the country.The Soweto Heritage Route is being upgrad-ed at a cost of R16 million, and an importantelement of the project is the development ofthe Hector Petersen Memorial Site. It is es-timated that some 1 000 foreign tourists visitSoweto every day.

The two-bedroom house where formerPresident Nelson Mandela lived before hisincarceration has been converted into amuseum and is worth a visit.

PretoriaMany historical buildings can be seen in thecity, which is known for its jacaranda trees.

Church Square is centred around a statueof Paul Kruger, President of the former Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, and includes build-ings such as the Old Raadsaal and the Palaceof Justice.

The Kruger House Museum contains thepersonal belongings of President Kruger.Melrose House is a beautiful example of Vic-torian architecture. The Peace Treaty ofVereeniging, which ended the Anglo-Boer/South African War, was signed here in 1902.

Demonstrations at the Pioneer Open-airMuseum include milking cows, making butterand candles, baking bread and grinding cof-fee beans.

Other museums include the Police Mu-seum, the Science and Technology Museum,

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the Coert Steynberg Museum and the Trans-vaal Museum of Natural History.

The Voortrekker Monument and adjacentgame reserve attracted more than 185 000visitors in 2000. The Monument houses amuseum and commemorates the Great Trek.Some 260 steps lead to the dome, wherespectacular views of the city can be enjoyed.

Fort Schanskop has been refurbished andboasts a 375-seat amphitheatre. Plans for anAnglo-Boer/South African War Museum atthe Fort are at an advanced stage.

The Union Buildings were designed by SirHerbert Baker and completed in 1913. Theywere the setting for the inauguration ofNelson Mandela as President in 1994, and ofThabo Mbeki on 16 June 1999.

The Sammy Marks Museum just outsidePretoria dates from 1885. Forty-eight roomsin the house are filled with Victorian paint-ings, furniture, silver and porcelain. There is atea garden and restaurant on the premises.

The General Smuts House Museum inIrene, south-east of Pretoria, contains the ori-ginal furnishings of the Smuts family. A verypopular arts and craft market is held here oncertain Saturdays.

The Rietvlei Nature Reserve is notable for73 grass types, 147 different herbs, a largenumber of game, and over 140 bird species.In July 2000, five hippos were released at theReserve, the first hippos to roam the area inmore than 100 years.

The Mapoch Ndebele Village, north ofPretoria, is being restored by the residentsand the National Cultural History Museum. Todevelop the project into a viable, living touristvillage, the 50 families staying there haveundergone tourist guide and business train-ing. It is the first living cultural village in SouthAfrica owned and managed by its residents.

Mamelodi is a dynamic black communityset against the majestic backdrop of theMagaliesberg Mountain. The township wasestablished on the farm Vlakfontein in 1945,and the name was changed to Mamelodi in1962. The Department of EnvironmentalAffairs and Tourism, together with theMamelodi Heritage Forum, launched the

Mamelodi Heritage Route at the SolomonMahlangu Freedom Square in Mamelodi, inSeptember 2000.

KwaZulu-NatalAccording to research results released inSeptember 2000, KwaZulu-Natal continuesto attract the largest number of local tourists,having 44% of the domestic tourist market.

In 1999, the KwaZulu-Natal tourism indus-try attracted more than R8 billion in consumerspending, contributing 10% to the province'sGDP. The industry directly and indirectlyemploys 200 000 people.

Durban and surroundingsThe Tourist Junction in Durban's historical sta-tion building provides access to tourist in-fomation, accommodation bookings for theKwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Serviceand South African National Parks, and theatrebookings.

The Golden Mile skirts the main beaches ofthe Indian Ocean. Attractions include anamusement centre, paddling pools, pavedwalkways and fountains.

Durban has more than 50 reserves, devel-oped parks and specialised gardens, the mostrenowned being the Municipal BotanicalGarden.

Seaworld on Durban's beachfront has awide variety of sea life, including sharks, dol-phins and seals. Fish and sharks are hand-fed,and dolphin and seal shows are held daily.

The Fitzsimons Snake Park offers lecturesand venom-milking demonstrations.

MiniTown is a model city depictingDurban's best-known buildings, the airport,harbour and train station.

Museums include the Natural HistoryMuseum, the Natural Science Museum, theOld House Museum and the Old Fort.

The Shree Ambalavaanar Alayam Temple(The Second River Temple) in Cato Manorwas the first Hindu temple on the Africancontinent. It is a national monument.

The Juma Mosque is the largest mosque inthe southern hemisphere. Daily tours areavailable.

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Annual events in and around the cityinclude the popular Comrades Marathonbetween Durban and Pietermaritzburg, aninternational surfing competition, and theJuly Handicap horse-race.

Umhlanga Rocks, just north of Durban, isnotable for its skiboating facilities. The an-nual Skiboat Festival takes place in April. TheNatal Sharks Board offers shark dissectionsand interesting displays. Guided tours of theHawaan Forest are on offer. Hawaan is thelast relic of coastal forest in the region, andcontains rare indigenous trees.

The Umgeni River Bird Park overlooks theUmgeni River and ranks among the world'sbest. Many varieties of birds, indigenous andexotic, inhabit walk-in aviaries.

Dolphin CoastThe coastline between the Umdloti River andthe Tugela is aptly called the Dolphin Coast,as Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins can beseen here all year round. The larger hump-back dolphins are also found here but rarelyseen.

Many of the first Indian immigrants settledhere, and the markets, mosques and templesbring an authentic eastern flavour to theregion.

Tongaat is in an area where sugar was firstplanted in 1854. The town's Indian ambienceis accentuated by two prominent Hindu temples – the Juggernath Puri and Vishwarooptemple.

Other coastal towns on the Dolphin Coastinclude Shaka's Rock, Salt Rock, Ballito,Verulam, Stanger, Darnall and Umdloti.

Zululand and the North CoastThe Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park is one of thelargest game parks in South Africa and hoststhe Big Five, as well as the elusive cheetahand wild dogs.

The eMakhosini Valley, birthplace of KingShaka, is the venue for a new tourism andeconomic development project. Known asMakhosini, Valley of Kings, the joint public-private sector project aims to preserve the cul-ture and history of the Zulu people. The pro-

ject was launched in October 1998.Construction of the first lodge in the Valley,called 'Nexele's House', started at the end ofMarch 2000. Tourism KwaZulu-Natal hasinjected a sum of R1,36 million as seed capital for the development of the lodge.

Ulundi lies at the hub of the old Zulu King-dom. The KwaZulu Cultural Museum housesinteresting displays relating to Zulu historyand archaeology. The beehive huts and thelayout of the original Zulu village have beenreproduced.

Umgungundlovu used to be the royalcapital of King Dingaan and is being recon-structed. A tour provides the opportunity toobserve Zulu building techniques and experi-ence the social life of the Zulu people.

Authentic Zulu villages such as Shakaland,Kwabhekithunga Kraal and Stewart's Farmoffer accommodation and the opportunity toexperience traditional Zulu culture.

The Lubombo Corridor is one of the SpatialDevelopment Initiatives spearheaded by theGovernment to unlock economic potential inpreviously neglected areas. The Corridor willstretch from the St Lucia Wetland Park inKwaZulu-Natal, along the Indian Oceancoastline to Ponta do Ouro in Mozambique,and will embrace the Jozini Dam and gamereserves in Swaziland. The area supports 3 048 different plant and animal species andsix ecosystems. In addition to 25 major touristattractions, there are 11 game reserves andthe World Heritage Site, the Greater St LuciaWetland Park, as well as Border Cave, whichis in a cliff face in the Lubombo mountains,near the Swaziland border. The Cave has longbeen one of the most important sites forarchaeologists seeking the beginnings ofmodern man.

The Greater St Lucia Wetlands have someof the highest forested dunes in the world.The St Lucia Lake and its surroundings com-prise a wetland of global importance. It is afishing and bird-watcher's paradise.

The Kosi Bay Nature Reserve is part of theCoastal Forest Reserve between Mozambiqueand Sodwana Bay. The adjacent Indian Oceanprovides exciting snorkelling and fishing

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opportunities. There is a four-day guidedwalking trail around the estuarine system.

Lake Sibaya is South Africa's largest nat-ural freshwater lake, covering some 77 km2.Bird-watching and walks through the coastalforest are major attractions.

Sibaya Lake Lodge, the first South Africanecotourism development jointly owned byprivate enterprise and the local community,was officially launched in September 1999.The development is administered by the Kwa-Chithumuzi Tourism and Development Trust.

Maputaland is a region of coral, unspoiltbeaches, freshwater lakes, sand forests, wet-land systems and bushveld. Activities includegame-viewing, snorkelling, diving, boat cruis-es, canoeing and walking safaris.

The coral reef in the Sodwana Bay NationalPark attracts hundreds of scuba-diversthroughout the year, and in summer power-boaters arrive for some of the best marlin-fishing in the world.

South Coast and interiorThe Banana Express is a narrow-gauge steamtrain running between Port Shepstone andPaddock and back (39 km) twice a week. Ashorter route is also available.

Amanzimtoti is popular for its safe swim-ming beaches and various other activities andattractions.

The Hibiscus Coast stretches betweenUmkomaas and the Wild Coast. Margate isthe largest resort town along this Coast, andis very popular during the holidays. TheHibiscus Festival is held in July.

The Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve encom-passes forest, rivers, rapids and ravines. Prolificbird life, including five kingfisher species andseven eagle species, inhabits the Reserve,along with a variety of mammals.

Port Edward is known for its safe swim-ming and good fishing opportunities. Near-by, the Umthamvuna Nature Reserve is notedfor its beautiful scenery, bird life and manyrare plant species.

The Shell Museum at Shelly Beach is wellworth a visit for the large display of shells.

Other popular coastal towns include Port

Shepstone, Ramsgate, St Michael's-on-Sea,Uvongo and Scottburgh.

Sardine fever strikes the South Coast aroundthe end of June every year, with people flock-ing to the beaches to scoop the sardines up,while anglers wait for the game fish to arrive.

MidlandsPietermaritzburg boasts various museums,including the Voortrekker Museum, the NatalMuseum and the Natal Steam Railway Mu-seum, which offers steam train rides on thesecond Sunday of every month.

The Albert Falls Public Resort NatureReserve and the Albert Falls Dam provideopportunities for sailing, canoeing and fish-ing. Bird-watching, horse-riding and hikingare also popular pastimes.

The Howick Falls are situated in the ValleyNature Reserve, where the river tumblesabout 100 m in a single fall. The MidlandsMeander is a drive between Hilton andMooi River with about 70 ports of call enroute, ranging from art studios, potters andpainters to herb gardens and cheese-makers.

Midmar Dam is zoned for yachting andpowerboating. The 1 000-ha Midmar GamePark is inhabited by rhino, zebra, a wide vari-ety of antelope species, and waterfowl.

DrakensbergThe KwaZulu-Natal Nature ConservationService's trout hatcheries are located in theKamberg Reserve.

The Lotheni Nature Reserve is notable forits trout-fishing facilities (angling permitsrequired). Relics of the area's history havebeen preserved in the Settler Museum.

The Himeville Nature Reserve has two lakesstocked with trout. The Swamp NatureReserve close by attracts a variety of water-fowl, including the rare wattled crane.

The Ndedema Gorge is located in the Mde-delelo Wilderness Area near Cathedral Peak,and contains good examples of Khoi and Sanart.

Sani Pass is the only road between Kwa-Zulu-Natal and the Kingdom of Lesotho. TheGiant's Cup Hiking Trail, starting at the foot of

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the Pass, is described as one of South Africa'sfinest. Giant's Castle Game Reserve is especial-ly known for the more than 5 000 San paint-ings on the walls of caves. The Bushman SiteMuseum is well worth a visit. The Reserve is abird-watcher's paradise, and a bird hide facilit-ates the viewing of cliff-dwelling species.

The Royal Natal National Park offers manyscenic highlights, including the Amphitheatre,Mont-aux-Sources and the Tugela Falls.

The Drakensberg mountain range forms thenorth-western border of KwaZulu-Natal. Avariety of wildlife including antelope, pred-ators, small mammals and reptiles can be seenhere.

The whole area is a bird sanctuary, andthe endangered lammergeier (or beardedvulture) can be spotted. The highest con-centration of walks and trails in SouthAfrica is found here. Many of these trailslead to sites once inhabited by the San,whose legacy of rock art can be viewed.Accommodation ranges from self-cateringestablishments and caravan parks to top-class hotels.

Northern Natal and battlefieldsWhite and black rhino, elephant, crocodile,giraffe, cheetah and leopard, among others,can be seen at the Itala Game Reserve.

The KwaZulu-Natal Battlefields Route has thehighest concentration of battlefields and relat-ed military sites in South Africa. The Battlefields

Route starts at Estcourt and winds norththrough Colenso and Ladysmith to Newcastleand Volksrust, and eastwards to Utrecht, Glen-coe, Dundee, Nqutu, Paulpietersburg, Vryheid,Babanango and Ulundi.

All the towns along the Route have theirunique charm and range of attractions: artsand crafts, scenic hiking trails, farm resorts,Zulu culture, and roadside stalls. Game-view-ing, natural hot springs, horse trails and watersport can also be enjoyed.

The Chelmsford Nature Reserve near New-castle is a bird-watcher's paradise. Power-boating and carp-fishing are added attrac-tions. Game includes springbok, zebra, rhinoand blesbok. Other interesting places to visitare Majuba Hill and O'Neill's Cottage.

The Ladysmith Siege Museum providesinsight into the Battles of Colenso, Spioenkop,Vaalkrans and Tugela Heights. Guided tours tonearby battlefields such as Wagon Hill arearranged by museum staff. Other attractions inLadysmith include the statue of Gandhi, the AllSaints Church, the Soofi Mosque and theSpioenkop Dam and Nature Reserve.

Near Dundee, tourists can visit various bat-tlefields, including Blood River, Isandlwana,Rorke's Drift and Talana. The Talana Museumdepicts various facets of the coal industry, aswell as local Zulu, Boer and British history.Rorke's Drift was the setting for one of themost famous battles of the War. The mainattraction is the Rorke's Drift Battle Museum.

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Acknowledgements

Department of Environmental Affairs and TourismEastern Cape Provincial GovernmentFree State Provincial GovernmentGauteng Provincial GovernmentKwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation ServiceKwaZulu-Natal Provincial GovernmentMpumalanga Provincial GovernmentNorthern Cape Provincial GovernmentNorthern Province Provincial GovernmentNorth-West Provincial GovernmentSouth African National ParksSouth African Tourism Western Cape Provincial Government

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Nature Reserves. Halfway House: Southern Book Publishers, 1995.Connolly, D. Connolly's Guide to Southern Africa. 5th ed. Scottburgh: Connolly Publishers, 1992.Crewe-Brown, M. Traveller's Companion to South Africa. 2nd ed. Johannesburg: CBM Publishing, 1994.Deacon, H. The Essential Robben Island. Cape Town: Mayibuye Books and David Philip, 1997.Dennis, N. and Scholes, B. The Kruger National Park: Wonders of an African Eden. London, Cape Town:

New Holland, 1994.Derwent, S. Guide to Cultural Tourism in South Africa. Cape Town: Struik, 1999.Duncan, P. Thomas Cook Traveller’s South Africa. Basingstoke, Hampshire (UK): AA Publishing, 1996.Du Plessis, H. Tourism Destinations: Southern Africa. Cape Town: Juta, 2000.Erasmus, B.P.J. On Route in South Africa: A Region by Region Guide to South Africa. Johannesburg:

Jonathan Ball, 1995. Also available in Afrikaans as Op Pad in Suid-Afrika.Federated Hotel Association of Southern Africa. Hotelier and Caterer Buyers' Guide. 1996–1997. Cape

Town: Ramsey Son and Parker, 1997. Annual.George, R. Marketing South African Tourism and Hospitality. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 2001.Joyce, P. South Africa. 2nd ed. London: New Holland Publishers, 1996. (Globetrotter Travel Guide.) First

published in 1994.Kok, P. and Pietersen, J. Tourism. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 2000. (National Research and

Technology Foresight Project)Koornhof, A. Dive Guide: South Africa. London: New Holland Publishers, 2000.Leigh, M. Touring in South Africa. 2nd ed. Revised and updated by Brian Johnson Burker. Cape Town:

Struik, 1993.Levy, J. Complete Guide to Walks and Trails in Southern Africa. 3rd ed. Cape Town: Struik, 1993.Magubane, P. Soweto; text by Charlene Smith. Cape Town: Struik, 2001. National Parks of South Africa. Photography by A. Bannister. Text by B. Ryan. Cape Town: Struik, 1993.New South African Book of the Road. 2nd ed. Cape Town: AA Motorist Publications, 1995.O'Hagan, T. Wild Places of Southern Africa. 3rd edition. Cape Town; Struik, 2001. Olivier, W. Guide to Backpacking and Wilderness Trails. Halfway House: Southern Book Publishers, 1991.Olivier, W. and Olivier, S. Overland Through Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik, 1998.

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Places to Visit in Southern Africa. Cape Town: AA Motorist Publications, 1995.Paynter, D. and Nussey, W. Kruger: Portrait of a National Park. Halfway House: Southern Book Publishers,

1992.Reader's Digest Illustrated Guide to the Game Parks and Nature Reserves of Southern Africa. 3rd ed. Cape

Town: Reader's Digest Association, 1997.Saayman, M. Tourism Marketing in South Africa. Potchefstroom: Leisure Consultants and Publications,

1997.South Africa: The Rough Guide. 2nd ed. London: Rough Guides, 1999. (Includes Lesotho and Swaziland.)South Africa Focus: South African Tourism Directory. Johannesburg: Africa Focus, 1997.Southern African Travel Guide. 31st edition. Rosebank, Cape: Promeo, 2001.Stern, J. Engen Guide to Adventure Travel in Southern Africa. Halfway House: Southern Book Publishers,

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1997.The People's City: African Life in the Twentieth Century. Editors: P. Maylam and I. Edwards.

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