sachin tendulkar biography

"Tendulkar" redirects here. For other people, see Tendulkar (disambiguation).

Sachin Tendulkar

Personal information

Full name Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar

Born24 April 1973 (age 38)

Bombay, Maharashtra, India

Nickname

Little Master, Tendlya,[1] The God of Cricket,[2]

Master Blaster,[3] The Master,[4][5] The Little

Champion,[6]

Height 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m)

Batting style Right-handed

Bowling style Right-arm leg spin, off spin, medium pace

Role Batsman

International information

National side India

Test debut

(cap 187)15 November 1989 v Pakistan

Last Test 2 January 2011 v South Africa

ODI debut

(cap 74)18 December 1989 v Pakistan

Last ODI 2 April 2011 v Sri Lanka

ODI shirt no. 10

Domestic team informationYears Team

1988–

presentMumbai

2008–

presentMumbai Indians (Indian Premier League)

1992Yorkshire

Dhaneswar Majhi ([email protected])

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sachin_Tendulkar.jpg

Career statistics

Competition Test ODI FC LA

Matches 177 453 280 540

Runs scored 14,692 18,111 23,585 21,663

Batting average 56.95 45.16 59.86 45.89

100s/50s 51/59 48/95 77/105 59/113

Top score 248* 200* 248* 200*

Balls bowled 4,096 8,032 7,461 10,220

Wickets 45 154 70 201

Bowling average 53.07 44.32 59.86 42.11

5 wickets in innings 0 2 0 2

10 wickets in match 0 n/a 0 n/a

Best bowling 3/10 5/32 3/10 5/32

Catches/stumpings 106/– 136/– 174/– 171/–

Source: CricketArchive, 3 April 2011

Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar pronunciation (help·info) (Marathi: सचि�न रमेश तेंडुलकर; born 24 April 1973) is an Indian cricketer widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket. He is the leading run-scorer and century maker in Test and one-day international cricket.[7][8][9] He is the only male player to score a double century in the history of ODI cricket.[10][11] In 2002, just 12 years into his career, Wisden ranked him the second greatest Test batsman of all time, behind Donald Bradman, and the second greatest one-day-international (ODI) batsman of all time, behind Viv Richards.[12] In September 2007, the Australian leg spinner Shane Warne rated Tendulkar as the greatest player he has played with or against.[13] Tendulkar was an integral part of the 2011 Cricket World Cup winning Indian team at the later part of his career, his first such win in six World Cup appearances with India.[14]

Tendulkar is the first and the only player in Test Cricket history to score fifty centuries, and the first to score fifty centuries in all international cricket combined; he now has 99 centuries in international cricket.[15] On 17 October 2008, when he surpassed Brian Lara's record for the most runs scored in Test cricket, he also became the first batsman to score 12,000, 13,000 and 14,000 runs in that form of the game,[16] having also been the third batsman and first Indian to pass 11,000 runs in Test cricket.[17] He was also the first player to score 10,000 runs in one-day internationals, and also the first player to cross every subsequent 1000-run mark that has been crossed in ODI cricket history and 200 runs in a one-day international match. In the fourth Test of the Border-Gavaskar Trophy against Australia, Tendulkar surpassed Australia's Allan Border to become the player to cross the 50-run mark the most number of times in Test cricket history, and also the second ever player to score 11 Test centuries against Australia, tying with Sir Jack Hobbs of England more than 70 years previously.[18] Tendulkar passed 30,000 runs in international cricket on 20 November 2009. He also holds the world record for playing highest number of Test and ODI matches.Tendulkar has been honoured with the Padma Vibhushan award, India's second highest civilian award, and the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award, India's highest sporting honor. Tendulkar became the first sportsperson and the first personality without an aviation background to be awarded the honorary rank of Group Captain by the Indian Air Force.[19] He has received honorary doctorates from Mysore University[20] and Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences [21] He won the 2010 Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for cricketer of the year at the ICC awards.[22]

Contents


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[hide]

1 Early years and personal life 2 Philanthropy 3 Early domestic career 4 International career

o 4.1 Early careero 4.2 Rise through the rankso 4.3 Captaincyo 4.4 Injuries and apparent declineo 4.5 Return to old form and consistencyo 4.6 2007/08 tour of Australiao 4.7 Home series against South Africao 4.8 Sri Lanka Serieso 4.9 Return to form and breaking the recordo 4.10 ODI and Test Series against Englando 4.11 2009–2010o 4.12 2011 World Cup

5 Indian Premier League 6 Champions League Twenty20 7 Style of play 8 Controversies

o 8.1 Mike Denness incidento 8.2 Controversy over Ferrari customs waiver

9 Fan following 10 Business interests

o 10.1 Commercial endorsements 11 Biographies 12 Career achievements

o 12.1 Individual honours and appreciations 13 See also 14 Notes 15 References 16 Further reading 17 External links

Early years and personal lifeTendulkar was born in Bombay (now Mumbai). His mother Rajni worked in the insurance industry,[23] and his father Ramesh Tendulkar, a Marathi novelist, named Tendulkar after his favourite music director, Sachin Dev Burman. Tendulkar's elder brother Ajit encouraged him to play cricket. Tendulkar has two other siblings: a brother Nitin, and sister Savita.

Tendulkar attended Sharadashram Vidyamandir (High School),[1] where he began his cricketing career under the guidance of his coach and mentor, Ramakant Achrekar. During his school days he attended the MRF Pace Foundation to train as a fast bowler, but Australian fast bowler Dennis Lillee, who took a world record 355 Test wickets, was unimpressed, suggesting that Tendulkar focus on his batting instead.[24]

When he was young, Tendulkar would practice for hours on end in the nets. If he became exhausted, Achrekar would put a one-rupee coin on the top of the stumps, and the bowler who dismissed Tendulkar would get the coin. If Tendulkar passed the whole session without getting dismissed, the coach would give him the coin. Tendulkar now considers the 13 coins he won then as some of his most prized possessions.[25]


While at school, he developed a reputation as a child prodigy. He had become a common conversation point in Mumbai circles, where there were suggestions already that he would become one of the greats. His season in 1988 was extraordinary, with Tendulkar scoring a century in every innings he played. He was involved in an unbroken 664-run partnership in a Lord Harris Shield inter-school game in 1988 with friend and team mate Vinod Kambli, who would also go on to represent India. The destructive pair reduced one bowler to tears and made the rest of the opposition unwilling to continue the game. Tendulkar scored 326* in this innings and scored over a thousand runs in the tournament.[26] This was a record partnership in any form of cricket until 2006, when it was broken by two under-13 batsmen in a match held at Hyderabad in India.

At 14, Tendulkar was a ball boy for the India versus Zimbabwe game at the Wankhede Stadium during the 1987 World Cup.[27] When he was 14, Indian batting legend Sunil Gavaskar gave him a pair of his own ultra light pads. "It was the greatest source of encouragement for me," he said nearly 20 years later after surpassing Gavaskar's world record of 34 Test centuries.[28] On 24 May 1995,[29] Sachin Tendulkar married Anjali, a paediatrician and daughter of Gujarati industrialist Anand Mehta and British social worker Annabel Mehta. They have two children, Sara (born 12 October 1997), and Arjun (born 24 September 1999). Anjali is six years elder to him.[30]

PhilanthropyTendulkar sponsors 200 underprivileged children every year through Apnalaya, a Mumbai-based NGO associated with his mother-in-law, Annabel Mehta. A request from Sachin on Twitter raised 10.25 million through Sachin's crusade against cancer for the Crusade against Cancer foundation.[31][32]

Early domestic careerOn 11 December 1988, aged just 15 years and 232 days, Tendulkar scored 100 not out in his debut first-class match for Bombay against Gujarat, making him the youngest Indian to score a century on first-class debut. He followed this by scoring a century in his first Deodhar and Duleep Trophy.[33] He was picked by the Mumbai captain Dilip Vengsarkar after seeing him negotiate Kapil Dev in the nets,[1] and finished the season as Bombay's highest run-scorer.[34][35] He also made an unbeaten century in the Irani Trophy final,[36] and was selected for the tour of Pakistan next year, after just one first class season.[37]

His first double century was for Mumbai while playing against the visiting Australian team at the Brabourne Stadium in 1998.[1] He is the only player to score a century in all three of his Ranji Trophy, Duleep Trophy and Irani Trophy debuts.[38]

In 1992, at the age of 19, Tendulkar became the first overseas born player to represent Yorkshire[1][39] Tendulkar played 16 first-class matches for the county and scored 1070 runs at an average of 46.52.[40]

International career

Early career

Raj Singh Dungarpur is credited for the selection of Tendulkar for the 1989 Indian tour of Pakistan.[41] Tendulkar played his first Test match against Pakistan in Karachi in 1989 aged just 16. He made just 15 runs, being bowled by Waqar Younis, who also made his debut in that match, but was noted for how he handled numerous blows to his body at the hands of the Pakistani pace attack.[42] In the final test in Sialkot, he was hit on the nose by a bouncer, but he declined medical assistance and continued to bat even as he gushed blood from it.[43] In a 20 over exhibition game in Peshawar, Tendulkar made 53 runs off 18 balls, including an over in which he scored 28 runs off Abdul Qadir.[44] This was later called "one of the best innings I have seen" by the then Indian captain Kris Srikkanth.[45] In all, he scored 215 runs at an average of 35.83 in the Test series, and was dismissed without scoring a run in the only One Day International he played.[46][47]


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The series was followed by a tour of New Zealand in which he scored 117 runs at an average of 29.25 in, Tests including an innings of 88 in the Second Test.[48] He was dismissed without scoring in one of the two one-day games he played, and scored 36 in the other.[49] On his next tour, to England in 1990, he became the second youngest cricketer to score a Test century as he made 119* at Old Trafford.[43] Wisden described his innings as "a disciplined display of immense maturity" and also wrote:[50]

"He looked the embodiment of India's famous opener, Gavaskar, and indeed was wearing a pair of his pads. While he displayed a full repertoire of strokes in compiling his maiden Test hundred, most remarkable were his off-side shots from the back foot. Though only 5ft 5in tall, he was still able to control without difficulty short deliveries from the English paceman."

Tendulkar further enhanced his development during the 1991–1992 tour of Australia, that included an unbeaten 148 in Sydney and a century on a fast, bouncing pitch at Perth. Merv Hughes commented to Allan Border at the time that "This little prick's going to get more runs than you, AB."[51]

Rise through the ranks

Tendulkar waits at the bowler's end.

Tendulkar's performance through the years 1994–1999 coincided with his physical peak, in his early twenties. On the day of the Hindu festival Holi, Tendulkar was told to open the batting at Auckland against New Zealand in 1994.[52] He went on to make 82 runs off 49 balls. He scored his first ODI century on 9 September 1994 against Australia in Sri Lanka at Colombo. It had taken him 79 ODIs to score a century.

Tendulkar's rise continued when he was the leading run scorer at the 1996 Cricket World Cup, scoring two centuries.[53] He was the only Indian batsman to perform in the infamous semi-final against Sri Lanka. Tendulkar fell amid a batting collapse and the match referee awarded Sri Lanka the match after the crowd began rioting and throwing litter onto the field.

After the World Cup, in the same year against Pakistan at Sharjah, Indian captain Mohammed Azharuddin was going through a lean patch. Tendulkar and Navjot Singh Sidhu both made centuries to set a record partnership for the second wicket. After getting out, Tendulkar found Azharuddin in two minds about whether he should bat. Tendulkar convinced Azharuddin to bat and Azharuddin subsequently unleashed 29 runs in mere 10 balls. It enabled India post a score in excess of 300 runs for the first time in an ODI. India went on to win that match.

This was the beginning of a period at the top of the batting world, culminating in the Australian tour of India in early 1998, with Tendulkar scoring three consecutive centuries. These were characterized by a premeditated plan to target Australian spinners Shane Warne and Gavin Robertson, to whom he regularly charged down the pitch to drive over the infield. This technique worked as India beat Australia. The test match success was followed by two scintillating knocks in Sharjah where he scored two consecutive centuries in a must-win game and then in finals against Australia tormenting Shane Warne once again. Following the series Warne ruefully joked that he was having nightmares about his Indian nemesis.[54] He also had a role with the ball in that series, including a five wicket haul in an ODI. Set 310 runs to win, Australia were cruising comfortably at 3 for 203 in the 31st over when Tendulkar turned the match for India


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sachin_at_the_other_end.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sachin_at_the_other_end.jpg

taking wickets of Michael Bevan, Steve Waugh, Darren Lehmann, Tom Moody and Damien Martyn for just 32 runs in 10 overs.[55]

Tendulkar single-handedly won the ICC 1998 quarterfinal at Dhaka to pave way for India's entry into the semifinals, when he took four Australian wickets after scoring 141 runs in just 128 balls.

The inaugural Asian Test Championship took place in February and March 1999. Held just twice, the 1999 championship was contested by India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.[56] Eden Gardens hosted the first match, in which Tendulkar was run out for nine after colliding with Pakistan bowler Shoaib Akhtar. The crowd's reaction to the dismissal was to throw objects at Akhtar, and the players were taken off the field. The match resumed after Tendulkar and the president of the ICC appealed to the crowd, however further rioting meant that the match was finished in front of a crowd of just 200 people.[57] Tendulkar scored his 19th Test century in the second Test and the match resulted in a draw with Sri Lanka.[58] India did not progress to the final, which was won by Pakistan, and refused to participate the next time the championship was held to increasing political tensions between India and Pakistan.[59]

A chronic back problem flared up when Pakistan toured India in 1999, with India losing the historic Test at Chepauk despite a gritty century from Tendulkar himself. The worst was yet to come as Professor Ramesh Tendulkar, Tendulkar's father, died in the middle of the 1999 Cricket World Cup. Tendulkar flew back to India to attend the final rituals of his father, missing the match against Zimbabwe. However, he returned with a bang to the World cup scoring a century (unbeaten 140 off 101 balls) in his very next match against Kenya in Bristol. He dedicated this century to his father.[60]

Captaincy

Tendulkar's two tenures as captain of the Indian cricket team were not very successful. When Tendulkar took over as captain in 1996, it was with huge hopes and expectations. However, by 1997 the team was performing poorly. Azharuddin was credited with saying "Nahin jeetega! Chote ki naseeb main jeet nahin hai!",[61] which translates into: "He won't win! It's not in the small one's destiny!".[62]

Tendulkar, succeeding Azharuddin as captain for his second term, then led India on a tour of Australia, where the visitors were comprehensively beaten 3–0 by the newly crowned world champions.[63] Tendulkar, however, won the player of the tournament award as well as player of the match in one of the games. After another Test series defeat, this time by a 0–2 margin at home against South Africa, Tendulkar resigned, and Sourav Ganguly took over as captain in 2000.

Tendulkar remains an integral part of the Indian team's strategic processes. He is often seen in discussion with the captain, at times actively involved in building strategies. Former captain Rahul Dravid publicly acknowledged that Tendulkar had been suggesting moves such as the promotion of Irfan Pathan up the batting order which, although only temporary, had an immediate effect on the team's fortunes. In 2007, Tendulkar was appointed vice-captain to captain Rahul Dravid.[64] During the Indian team's 2007 tour of England, Dravid's desire to resign from the captaincy became known. The BCCI President Sharad Pawar personally offered the captaincy to Tendulkar.[64] However, Tendulkar asked Pawar not to appoint him captain, instead recommending Mahendra Singh Dhoni to take over the reins.[64] Pawar later revealed this conversation, crediting Tendulkar for first forwarding the name of Dhoni, who since achieved much success as captain.[64]

Injuries and apparent decline

Tendulkar continued performing well in Test cricket in 2001 and 2002, with some pivotal performances with both bat and ball. Tendulkar took three wickets on the final day of the famous Kolkata Test against Australia in 2001. Tendulkar took the key wickets of Matthew Hayden and Adam Gilchrist, centurions in the previous test.


In the 2002 series in the West Indies, Tendulkar started well, scoring 79 in the first test, and 117 in the first innings of the second. Then, in a hitherto unprecedented sequence, he scored 0, 0, 8 and 0 in the next four innings, getting out to technical "defects" and uncharacteristically poor strokes. He returned to form in the last test scoring 41 and 86. However, India lost the series. This might have been the beginning of the "decline" phase in his career which lasted till 2006.

Tendulkar made 673 runs in 11 matches in the 2003 Cricket World Cup, helping India reach the final. While Australia retained the trophy that they had won in 1999, Tendulkar was given the Man of the Tournament award.

He continued to score heavily in ODI cricket that year, with two hundreds in a tri series involving New Zealand and Australia.

The drawn series as India toured Australia in 2003/04 saw Tendulkar making his mark in the last Test of the series, with 241* in Sydney, putting India in a virtually unbeatable position. He followed up the innings with an unbeaten 60 in the second innings of the test. Prior to this test match, he had had an unusually horrible run of form, failing in all six innings in the preceding three tests. It was no aberration that 2003 was his worst year in test cricket, with an average of 17.25 and just one fifty.

Tendulkar scored an unbeaten 194 against Pakistan at Multan in the following series. India declared before Tendulkar reached 200; had he done so it would have been the fourth time he passed the landmark in Tests.[65] In meeting with the press that evening, Tendulkar stated that he was disappointed and that the declaration had taken him by surprise.[66] Many former cricketers commented that Dravid's declaration was in bad taste.[67][68] After India won the match, the captain Rahul Dravid stated that the matter was spoken internally and put to rest.[69]

Tennis elbow then took its toll on Tendulkar, leaving him out of the side for most of the year, coming back only for the last two tests when Australia toured India in 2004. He played a part in India's victory in Mumbai in that series with a fast 55, though Australia took the series 2–1.

On 10 December 2005 at Feroz Shah Kotla, Tendulkar scored his record-breaking 35th Test century, against the Sri Lankans.

In the test series in Pakistan in 2006, Sachin failed to get going in all three innings despite the pitches being flat tracks. In the third of those three innings, he was bowled comprehensively after making 26, and ended up on all fours. This prompted The Times of India to publish an article entitled "Endulkar" in which TOI opined that Tendulkar's batting prowess had declined and his career had slid permanently.

On 6 February 2006, he scored his 39th ODI hundred, in a match against Pakistan. He followed with a run-a-ball 42 in the second one-day international against Pakistan on 11 February 2006, and then a 95 in hostile, seaming conditions on 13 February 2006 in Lahore, which set up an Indian victory.

On 19 March 2006, after scoring an unconvincing 1 off 21 balls against England in the first innings of the third Test in his home ground, Wankhede, Tendulkar was booed off the ground by a section of the crowd,[70]

[71] the first time that he had ever faced such flak. Tendulkar was to end the three-Test series without a single half-century to his credit, and news of a shoulder operation raised more questions about his longevity. Tendulkar was operated upon for his injured shoulder. In July 2006, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced that Tendulkar had overcome his injury problem following a rehabilitation programme and was available for selection, and he was eventually selected for the next series.

Tendulkar's comeback came in the DLF cup in Malaysia and he was the only Indian batsman to shine. In his comeback match, against West Indies on 14 September 2006, Tendulkar responded to his critics who believed that his career was inexorably sliding with his 40th ODI century. Though he scored 141*, West Indies won the rain-affected match by the D/L method.


In the preparation for the 2007 Cricket World Cup, Tendulkar was criticized by Greg Chappell on his attitude.[72] As per the report, Chappell felt that Tendulkar would be more useful down the order, while the latter felt that he would be better off opening the innings, the role he had played for most of his career. Chappell also believed that Tendulkar's repeated failures were hurting the team's chances. In a rare show of emotion, Tendulkar hit out at the comments attributed to Chappell by pointing out that no coach has ever suggested his attitude towards cricket is incorrect. On 7 April 2007, the Board of Control for Cricket in India issued a notice to Tendulkar asking for an explanation for his comments made to the media.[73]

At the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies, Tendulkar and the Indian cricket team, led by Rahul Dravid had a dismal campaign. Tendulkar, who was pushed to bat lower down the order by the Greg Chappell had scores of 7 (Bangladesh), 57* (Bermuda) and 0 (Sri Lanka). As a result, former Australian captain Ian Chappell, brother of the then Indian coach Greg, called for Tendulkar to retire in his column for Mumbai's Mid Day newspaper.[74]

During this period from about 2002 to 2006–7, Tendulkar's batting often seemed to be a shadow of its former self. He was inconsistent, and his big knocks mostly came in sedate, accumulative, uncharacteristic fashion. He seemed to have either cut out or lost the ability to play many shots, including the hook and pull and many other aerial strokes. He also developed a tendency to go without scoring much for long periods and become overtly defensive. While players such as Ponting and Kallis were at the peak of their careers, Sachin's seemed to be in terminal decline. There were several calls from him to retire too.

However after the 2007 World Cup, his career had a second wind and his consistency and form have returned.

Return to old form and consistency

In the subsequent series against Bangladesh, Tendulkar returned to his opening slot and was Man of the Series. He continued by scoring two consecutive scores of over 90 in the Future Cup against South Africa. He was the leading run scorer and was adjudged the Man of the Series.[75]

Tendulkar celebrates upon reaching his 38th Test century against Australia in the 2nd Test at the SCG in 2008, where he finished not out on 154

On the second day of the Nottingham Test (28 July 2007) Tendulkar became the third cricketer to complete 11,000 Test runs.[76] In the subsequent One day series against England, Tendulkar was the leading run scorer from India[77] with an average of 53.42. In the ODI Series against Australia in October 2007 Tendulkar was the leading Indian run scorer with 278 runs.[78]

Tendulkar was dismissed seven times in 2007 between 90 and 100, including three times at 99, leading some to suggest that he struggles to cope with nerves in this phase of his innings. Tendulkar has got out 23 times


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tendulkar_closup.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tendulkar_closup.jpg

between 90 and 100 in his international career. On 8 November 2007 he got out on 99 against Pakistan in an ODI at Mohali to the bowling of Umar Gul caught by Kamran Akmal. In the fourth ODI, he got out on 97 (off 102 balls with 16 fours) after dragging a delivery from Umar Gul on to his stumps, falling short of another century in ODIs in 2007.

2007/08 tour of Australia

In the Border-Gavaskar Trophy, 2007–08, Tendulkar showed exceptional form, becoming the leading run scorer with 493 runs in four Tests, despite consistently failing in the second innings. Sachin scored 62 runs in the first innings of the first Test at the MCG in Melbourne, but couldn't prevent a heavy 337-run win for Australia. In the controversial New Years Test at Sydney, Tendulkar scored an unbeaten 154 as India lost the Test. This was his third century at the SCG, earning him an average of 221.33 at the ground. In the third Test at the WACA in Perth, Sachin was instrumental in India's first innings score of 330, scoring a well compiled 71, as India went on to record a historic triumph at the WACA. In the fourth Test at Adelaide, which ended in a draw, he scored 153 in the first innings, involving in a crucial 126 run stand with V.V.S. Laxman for the fifth wicket to lead India to a score of 282 for 5 from 156 for 4. He secured the Player of the Match award.

In the One-Day International Commonwealth Bank Tri-Series involving Sri Lanka and Australia, Tendulkar became the first and only batsman to complete 16,000 runs in ODIs. He achieved this feat against Sri Lanka on 5 February 2008 at Brisbane. He started the CB series well notching up scores of 10, 35, 44 and 32, but could not convert the starts into bigger scores. His form dipped a bit in the middle of the tournament, but Tendulkar came back strongly in India's must-win game against Sri Lanka at Hobart, scoring 63 off 54 balls. He finished the series with a match winning 117 not out off 120 balls in the first final,[79] and 91 runs in the second final.[80]

Home series against South Africa

South Africa toured in March and April 2008 for a three-Test series. Tendulkar scored a five-ball duck in his only innings of the series;[81] he sustained a groin strain in the match and as a result was forced not only to miss the second and third Tests, but also the tri-series involving Bangladesh, the 2008 Asia Cup, and the first half of the inaugural season of the IPL.[82]

Sri Lanka Series

Before the three-Test series in Sri Lanka in mid-2008, Tendulkar needed just 177 runs to go past Brian Lara's record of 11,953 runs in test cricket. However, he failed in all six innings, scoring a total of just 95 runs. India lost 1–2.

Return to form and breaking the record

In the following ODI series against Sri Lanka, Tendulkar was sidelined due to injury. However, during the following Australia tour of India, he returned to fitness and form, scoring 13 and 49 in the first test before making 88 in the first innings of the second test, thus breaking the record for most number of Test runs held by Brian Lara. He also reached the 12,000 run mark when he was on 61. He made a fifty in the third test and 109 in the fourth, as India won the series 2–0 and regained the Border-Gavaskar Trophy.

ODI and Test Series against England

Tendulkar was again out due to injury from the first three ODIs of a 7-match ODI series at home against England, but he made 11 in the fourth ODI and 50 in the fifth, before the ODI series was called off due to the Mumbai terror attacks, the scoreline being 5–0 to India.


England returned for a 2-match test series in December 2008, and in the first test in Chennai, chasing 387 for victory, Tendulkar made 103 not out in a 163-run unbroken fifth wicket stand with Yuvraj Singh. This was his third century in a fourth match innings, and the first which resulted in a win. This was redemption for the Chennai Test of 1999 when chasing 271 against Pakistan, Sachin had made 136 with severe back pain and was out 17 runs short of the target, precipitating a collapse and a loss by 12 runs. He dedicated this century to the victims of the Mumbai terror attacks. Tendulkar failed in both innings in the second test, India won the series 1–0.

2009–2010

In early 2009, India revisited Sri Lanka for five ODIs, as the Pakistan series had been cancelled due to the security situation in Pakistan and the attacks in Mumbai. Tendulkar failed to reach double figures in any inning, before becoming injured.

India's next assignment was an away series against New Zealand, consisting of three Tests and five ODIs. In the ODI series, Tendulkar made a 163 not out in the third match, an innings ended by stomach cramps that forced him to retire hurt. India made 392 and won easily and won the series 3-1. Tendulkar made 160 in the first test, his 42nd Test century, and India won. He made 49 and 64 in the second test and 62 and 9 in the third, in which India were prevented from winning by rain on the last day. India won the series 1–0.

Tendulkar rested himself for the ODI tour of West Indies, but was back for the Compaq Cup (Tri Series) between India, SL and New Zealand in early September 2009. He made 46 and 27 in the league matches before notching up 138 in the final, as India made 319 and won by 46 runs. This was Tendulkar's 6th century in ODI finals and his third consecutive score of over 50 in such finals. India has won all six times that Tendulkar has made a hundred in an ODI final.

Tendulkar played just one innings in the ICC Champions trophy in South Africa, scoring 8 against Pakistan as India lost. The next match against Australia was washed out and he was out with food poisoning in the third match against the West Indies, as India were eliminated.

Australia returned for a seven-match ODI series in India in October, and Tendulkar made 14, 4, 32 and 40 in the first four games. In the fifth match, with the series tied at 2–2, Australia amassed 350/4 in 50 overs. Tendulkar made his 45th ODI hundred, a 175 off 141 balls. Just when it seemed that he would steer India to the large victory target, he paddle-scooped debutant bowler Clint McKay straight to short fine leg, with India needing 19 from 18 balls with four wickets left. The Indian tail collapsed, and they lost by 3 runs, being all out for 347. During this match, Tendulkar also became the first player to reach 17,000 ODI runs, and achieved his personal best against Australia, as well as the third highest score in a defeat.

In the ODIs against Sri Lanka in 2009–10, Tendulkar scored 69, 43, 96 not out and 8, as India won 3–1.In the Test Series, he scored a 100 no out in the first test, which was drawn, and 40 in the second and 53 in the third test as India clinched innings victory in both tests. India won the series 2–0.[83]

Sachin rested himself for the ODI tri series in Bangladesh in 2010. In the Tests against Bangladesh, he made 105 not out and 16 in the first test, and 143 in the second. India won 2–0.

In the 2-Test Series against South Africa, Tendulkar made seven and 100 in the first test and 106 in the first innings of the second test. In the course of the second 100 (his 47th Test Hundred) he achieved several landmarks, in that he had scored four hundreds in his last four matches and that the hundred against South Africa in the first Test was the first at home against South Africa. The century was also his hundredth score over 50 in International Test cricket, moving him to 92 international hundreds (Tests and ODIs combined). In the subsequent ODI series, Tendulkar was run out in the first ODI for four runs, but made a strong comeback in the second match, scoring a brisk hundred off just 90 balls. This also took his tally of hundreds to 46 in ODIs and 93 in tests and ODIs combined. He finished the match on 200*, thus becoming the first


batsman in the history of ODI cricket to score a double century, eclipsing Saeed Anwar's 194 against India and Charles Coventry's 194* versus Bangladesh.[84][85]

Tendulkar's shot to reach 14,000 Test runs. He was batting against Australia in October 2010.

2011 World Cup

From February to April, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka hosted the 2011 World Cup. Amassing 482 runs at an average of 53.55 including two centuries, Tendulkar was India's lead run-scorer for the tournament; only Tillakaratne Dilshan of Sri Lanka scored more runs in the 2011 tournament.[86] India defeated Sri Lanka in the final.[87] Shortly after the victory, Tendulkar commented that "Winning the World Cup is the proudest moment of my life. ... I couldn't control my tears of joy."[88]

Indian Premier LeagueTendulkar was made the icon player and captain for his home side, the Mumbai Indians in the inaugural Indian Premier League Twenty20 competition in 2008.[89] As an icon player, he was signed for a sum of US$1,121,250, 15% more than the second-highest paid player in the team, Sanath Jayasuriya.[90]

In 2010 edition of Indian Premier League, Mumbai Indians reached the final of the tournament. Tendulkar made 618 runs in 14 innings during the tournament, breaking Shaun Marsh's record of most runs in an IPL season. He was declared player of the tournament for his performance during the season. He also won Best Batsman and Best Captain awards at 2010 IPL Awards ceremony.

In 2011 season, against Kochi Tuskers Kerala, Tendulkar scored his maiden Twenty20 hundred. He scored 100* off 66 balls.He has made 1647 runs in 49 matches/innings in IPL's four seasons,with an average of 40.17 so far and currently second highest run scorer only after Suresh Raina.[91]

Champions League Twenty20Sachin Tendulkar captained Mumbai Indians in 4 league matches of second edition of the league.He scored 68 in the first match and 48 against Guyana.But Mumbai Indians failed to qualify for semifinals after losing the initial two matches.Sachin himself scored 135 runs in 4 matches.[92]

Style of play


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tendulkar_goes_to_14,000_Test_runs.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tendulkar_goes_to_14,000_Test_runs.jpg

Tendulkar plays a wristy leg-side flick

Tendulkar is cross-dominant: He bats, bowls and throws with his right hand, but writes with his left hand.[93] He also practices left-handed throws at the nets on a regular basis. Cricinfo columnist Sambit Bal has described him as the "most wholesome batsman of his time".[1] His batting is based on complete balance and poise while limiting unnecessary movements and flourishes. He appears to show little preference for the slow and low wickets which are typical in India, and has scored many centuries on the hard, bouncy pitches in South Africa and Australia.[1] He is known for his unique punch style of hitting the ball over square. He is also renowned for his picture-perfect straight drive, often completed with no follow-through. Recently, legendary Indian batsman Sunil Gavaskar, in an article he wrote in the AFP, remarked that "it is hard to imagine any player in the history of the game who combines classical technique with raw aggression like the little champion does".[6]

Sir Donald Bradman, considered by many as the greatest batsman of all time, considered Tendulkar to have a batting style similar to his. In his biography, it is stated that "Bradman was most taken by Tendulkar's technique, compactness and shot production, and had asked his wife to have a look at Tendulkar, having felt that Tendulkar played like him. Bradman's wife, Jessie, agreed that they did appear similar."[94][95]

Tendulkar at the crease, getting ready to face a delivery

Former Australian cricket team coach John Buchanan voiced his opinion that Tendulkar had become susceptible to the short ball early in his innings because of a lack of footwork.[96] Buchanan also believes Tendulkar has a weakness while playing left-arm pace.[96] He was affected by a series of injuries since 2004. Since then Tendulkar's batting has tended to be less attacking. Explaining this change in his batting style, he has acknowledged that he is batting differently due to that fact that, firstly, no batsman can bat the same way for the entire length of a long career and, secondly, he is a senior member of the team now and thus has more responsibility. During the early part of his career he was a more attacking batsman and frequently scored centuries at close to a run a ball. Ian Chappell, former Australian player, recently remarked that "Tendulkar now, is nothing like the player he was when he was a young bloke".[97]


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tendulkar_shot.JPG

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tendulkar_shot.JPG

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Master_Blaster_at_work.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Master_Blaster_at_work.jpg

Tendulkar has incorporated several modern and unorthodox strokes into his repertoire in recent times, including the paddle sweep, the scoop over short fine leg and the slash to third man over the slips' heads, over the last seven or eight years. This has enabled him to remain scoring consistently in spite of the physical toll of injuries and a lean period in the mid-2000s. By his own admission, he does not bat as aggressively as he did in the 90s and early 2000s, because his body has undergone changes and cannot sustain aggressive shotmaking over a long period. He is often praised for his ability to adapt to the needs of his body and yet keep scoring consistently.

While Tendulkar is not a regular bowler, he is adept at bowling medium pace, leg spin, and off spin with equal ease. He often bowls when two batsmen of the opposite team have been batting together for a long period, as he can often be a useful partnership breaker. With his bowling, he has helped secure an Indian victory on more than one occasion.[98] He has taken 44 test match wickets and is the ninth highest wicket taker for India in ODIs.[99]

Controversies

Mike Denness incident

Main article: Mike Denness and Indian cricket team incident

In India's 2001 tour of South Africa in the second test match between India and South Africa at St George's Park, Port Elizabeth match referee Mike Denness fined four Indian players for excessive appealing as well as the Indian captain Sourav Ganguly for not controlling his team.[100] Tendulkar was given a suspended ban of one game by Mike Denness in light of alleged ball tampering. Television cameras picked up images that suggested Tendulkar may have been involved in cleaning the seam of the cricket ball.[101] This can, under some conditions, amount to altering the condition of the ball. The match referee Mike Denness found Sachin Tendulkar guilty of ball tampering charges and handed him a one Test match ban.[102] The incident escalated to include allegations of racism,[103] and led to Mike Denness being barred from entering the venue of the third test match. The ICC revoked the status of the match as a Test as the teams rejected the appointed referee.[104] The charges against Tendulkar and Sehwag's ban for excessive appealing triggered a massive backlash from the Indian public.[105]

Controversy over Ferrari customs waiver

In commemorating Tendulkar's feat of equalling Don Bradman's 29 centuries in Test Cricket, automotive giant Ferrari invited Tendulkar to its paddock in Silverstone on the eve of the British Grand Prix on 23 July 2002, to receive a Ferrari 360 Modena from the F1 world champion Michael Schumacher.[106] On 4 September 2002 India's then finance minister Jaswant Singh wrote to Tendulkar telling him that the government will waive customs duty imposed on the car as a measure to applaud his feat.[107] However the rules at the time stated that the customs duty can be waived only when receiving an automobile as a prize and not as a gift. It is claimed that the proposals to change the law (Customs Act) was put forth in Financial Bill in February 2003 and amended was passed as a law in May 2003. Subsequently the Ferrari was allowed to be brought to India without payment of the customs duty ( 1.13 crore (US$250,860) or 120% on the car value of 75 lakh (US$166,500)).[108] When the move to waive customs duty became public in July 2003, political and social activists protested the waiver[109] and filed PIL in the Delhi High Court. With the controversy snowballing, Fiat India agreed to pay the import duty.[110]

Fan following




Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary, a die hard fan of Tendulkar who earned the privilege to get tickets to all home games of India for lifetime

Tendulkar's entry into world cricket was very much hyped up by former Indian stars and those who had seen him play. Tendulkar's consistent performances earned him a fan following across the globe, including amongst Australian crowds, where Tendulkar has consistently scored centuries.[51] One of the most popular sayings by his fans is "Cricket is my religion and Sachin is my God".[111] Cricinfo mentions in his profile that "... Tendulkar remains, by a distance, the most worshipped cricketer in the world."[112] During the Australian tour of India in 1998 Matthew Hayden said "I have seen God. He bats at no. 4 in India in Tests."[113]

At home in Mumbai, Tendulkar's fan following is so great that he is unable to lead a normal life. Ian Chappell has said that he would be unable to cope with the lifestyle Tendulkar was forced to lead, having to "wear a wig and go out and watch a movie only at night".[97] In an interview with Tim Sheridan, Tendulkar admitted that he sometimes went for quiet drives in the streets of Mumbai late at night when he would be able to enjoy some peace and silence.[114] Tendulkar has a presence in the popular social networking site twitter with the user name sachin_rt since May 2010.[115]

Business interestsTendulkar's immense popularity has led him to be an early pioneer in India on cricket business dealings when he signed a record sports management deal with Worldtel in 1995, the value of the deal being 30 crore (US$6.66 million) over five years.[116] His next contract with WorldTel in 2001 was valued at 80 crore (US$17.76 million) over five years.[117] In 2006, he signed a contract with Saatchi and Saatchi's ICONIX values at 180 crore (US$39.96 million) over three years.[118]

Tendulkar has opened two restaurants: Tendulkar's[119] (Colaba, Mumbai) and Sachin's[120] (Mulund, Mumbai) and Bangalore. Sachin owns these restaurants in partnership with Sanjay Narang of Mars Restaurants.

In 2007, Tendulkar also announced a JV with the Future Group and Manipal Group to launch healthcare and sports fitness products under the brand name 'S Drive and Sach'.[121] A series of comic books by Virgin Comics is also due to be published featuring him as a superhero.[122]

Commercial endorsements


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Cricket_fan_at_the_Chepauk_stadium,_Chennai.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Cricket_fan_at_the_Chepauk_stadium,_Chennai.jpg




Sachin Tendulkar has been sponsored by several brands throughout his career including Boost (1990 – present),[123] Pepsi (1992–2009),[124] Action Shoes (1995–2000),[125] MRF (1999–2009),[126] Adidas (2000–10),[127] Britannia (2001–07),[128] Fiat Palio (2001–03),[129] TVS (2002–05),[130] ESPN Star Sports (2002 – present),[131] Sunfeast (2007–13),[132] Canon (2006–09),[133] Airtel (2004–06),[134] Reynolds (2007 – present),[135] G-Hanz (2005–07),[136] Sanyo BPL (2007 – present),[137] Colgate-Palmolive,[138] Philips,[138] VISA,[138]Castrol India (2011–12),[139] Ujala Techno Bright [140] and Coca-Cola (2011–13)[141]

He has also been a spokesperson for National Egg Coordination Committee (2003–05),[142] AIDS Awareness Campaign (2005)[143] and Luminous India (2010–present)[144]

BiographiesSachin Tendulkar has been the subject of various books. The following is the listing of books focused on Tendulkar's career:

Sachin: The Story of the World's Greatest Batsman by Gulu Ezekiel. Publisher: Penguin Global. ISBN 978-0-14-302854-3[145]

The A to Z of Sachin Tendulkar by Gulu Ezekiel. Publisher: Penguin Global. ISBN 978-81-7476-530-7[146][147]

Sachin Tendulkar-a definitive biography by Vaibhav Purandare. Publisher: Roli Books. ISBN 81-7436-360-2[148][149]

Sachin Tendulkar – Masterful by Peter Murray, Ashish Shukla. Publisher: Rupa. ISBN 81-7167-806-8[150][151]

If Cricket is a Religion, Sachin is God by Vijay Santhanam, Shyam Balasubramanian Publisher: HarperCollins India ISBN 978-81-7223-821-6[152]

Career achievementsMain articles: Achievements of Sachin Tendulkar and List of ODI Awards for Sachin Tendulkar

An innings-by-innings breakdown of Tendulkar's Test match batting career up to February 2008, showing runs scored (red bars) and the average of the last ten innings (blue line)

Sachin Tendulkar is the most prolific run scorer in one-day internationals with 18,111 runs. With a current aggregate of 14,692 Test runs, he surpassed Brian Lara's previous record tally of 11,953 runs as the highest run scorer in test matches in the second Test of Australia's 2008 tour of India in Mohali.[16] [153] Tendulkar described "It is definitely the biggest achievement in 19 years of my career" on the day he achieved the record.[154] He also holds the record of highest number of centuries in both Test (51) and ODI cricket (48). Throughout his career, he has made a strong impact on Indian cricket and was, at one time, the foundation of most of the team's victories. In recognition with his impact on sport in a cricket-loving country like India, Tendulkar has been granted the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award, Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sachin_Tendulkar_graph.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sachin_Tendulkar_graph.png

by the Government of India. He was also chosen as one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1997 and is ranked by the Wisden 100 as the second best test batsman and ODI batsman of all time.

Tendulkar has also consistently done well in Cricket World Cups. Tendulkar was the highest run scorer of the 2003 Cricket World Cup and 1996 Cricket World Cup. After his century against England during group stages of 2011 Cricket World Cup, he became the player to hit most number of centuries in Cricket World Cups with six centuries and the first player to score 2000 runs in World Cup cricket.[27][155] Tendulkar has scored over 1000 runs in a calendar year in ODIs 7 times, and in 1998 he scored 1894 runs, easily the record for the highest number of runs scored by any player in a single calendar year for one day internationals. Tendulkar is also one of the very few players who are still playing in international cricket from the 1980s. On 24 February 2010, Tendulkar broke the previous world record for highest individual innings in an ODI, and became the first male cricketer to score a double-century in one-day cricket. He made 200 runs and broke the previous record of 194 runs, jointly held by Pakistan opener Saeed Anwar and Zimbabwe's Charles Coventry.[156]

He has been Man of the Match 13 times in Test matches and Man of the Series four times,[157] out of them twice in the Border-Gavaskar Trophy against Australia. The performances earned him respect from Australian cricket fans and players.[51] Similarly he has been Man of the Match 60 times in One day International matches and Man of the Series 14 times.

Individual honours and appreciations

Tendulkar was the only player of his generation, and the cricketer to have played for India, to be included in Bradman's Eleven.[nb 1]

ICC Award-Sir Garfield Sobers trophy for cricketer of the year 2010 Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award, 2008.[159]

ICC World ODI XI: 2004, 2007 Rajiv Gandhi Awards – Sports: 2005[160]

Player of the tournament in 2003 Cricket World Cup Maharashtra Bhushan Award, Maharashtra State's highest Civilian Award in 2001 [161]

Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award, 1999[162]

Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, India's highest honour given for achievement in sports, 1997–98.[163]

Wisden Cricketer of the Year: 1997 Arjuna Award, by the Government of India in recognition of his outstanding achievement in sports,

1994.[164]

In October 2010 he was awarded for Outstanding Achievement in Sport and the Peoples Choice Award at The Asian Awards in London[165]

On 28 January 2011, he won the 'Castrol Indian Cricketer of the Year' award.[166]

See also

Cricket portal

List of International cricket centuries by Sachin Tendulkar Indian cricket team Indian national cricket captains Wisden Cricketers of the Year List of One-day International records

Notes


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cricketball.png

1. ^ Bradman's team: Barry Richards (South Africa), Arthur Morris (Australia), Don Bradman (Australia), Sachin Tendulkar (India), Garry Sobers (West Indies), Don Tallon (Australia), Ray Lindwall (Australia), Dennis Lillee (Australia), Alec Bedser (England), Bill O'Reilly (Australia), Clarrie Grimmett (Australia). 12th man Wally Hammond (England)[158]

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4. ^ Arora, Nishant. "India will need Sachin for next 2–3 years: Srikkanth: Cricket Next". Cricketnext.in.com. http://cricketnext.in.com/news/india-will-need-sachin-for-next-23-years-srikkanth/34874-14.html. Retrieved 27 November 2008.

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16. ^ a b "Tendulkar breaks Lara's record". cricinfo.com www.cricinfo.com. 17 October 2008. http://content-www.cricinfo.com/india/content/story/373748.html. Retrieved 17 October 2008.

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23. ^ Thani, L and Mishra, R. Sensational Sachin, Diamond Pocket Books, 1999, p. 113. "His mother Rajni Tendulka worked in L.I.C."".

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26. ^ "A tale of two terrors". Cricinfo. http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/columns/content/story/135328.html. Retrieved 1 June 2008.

27. ^ a b "Ballboy in 1987, now highest run-getter in World Cups". NDTV. 10 March 2011. http://sports.ndtv.com/world-cup-2011/news/item/170379-ballboy-in-1987-now-highest-run-getter-in-world-cups. Retrieved 10 March 2011.

28. ^ Booth, Lawrence. "Strange innovations – Cricinfo.com". Cricinfo. http://www.cricinfo.com/wisdencricketer/content/story/290027.html. Retrieved 3 August 2009.

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31. ^ http://www.breakingnewsonline.net/newswatch/2237-sachin-tendulkar-raises-rs-10-million-for-cancer-charity.html

32. ^ "Sachin's social responsibility – Behindindia.com – General News – Sachin Tendulkar Apnalaya". www.behindindia.com. http://www.behindindia.com/india-news-stories/june-09-01/sachin-tendulkar-04-06-09.html. Retrieved 3 August 2009.

33. ^ "Sachin Tendulkar factfile". www.espnstar.com. http://www.espnstar.com/cricket/international-cricket/news/detail/item136972/Sachin-Tendulkar-factfile/. Retrieved 3 August 2009.

34. ^ He scored 583 runs at an average of 67.77, and was the sixth highest run-scorer overall35. ^ "1988-89 Ranji season – Most Runs". Cricinfo.

http://blogs.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/1980S/1988-89/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/STATS/IND_LOCAL_RJI_AVS_BAT_MOST_RUNS.html. Retrieved 3 August 2009.

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39. ^ (Craig White, although born in Yorkshire was the first player to be signed as an overseas player by Yorkshire. He had to be listed as an overseas player as he had already played for Victoria in Australia).


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http://www.cricinfo.com/india/content/story/145713.html. Retrieved 5 August 2009.46. ^ "Cricket Records – India in Pakistan Test Series, 1989/90 – Most runs". Cricinfo.

http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=301;type=series. Retrieved 4 August 2009.

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Further reading


Murray, Peter; Shukla, Ashish (2002). Sachin Tendulkar: Masterful. Murray Advertising. ISBN 81-7167-806-

SUNIL GAVASKARSunil Manohar "Sunny" Gavaskar pronunciation (help·info) (Marathi: सुनिनल मनोहर गावसकर) (born 10 July 1949 in Bombay, Bombay State (now Mumbai, Maharashtra)), is a former cricketer who played during the 1970s and 1980s for Bombay and India. Widely regarded as one of the greatest opening batsmen in test match history, Gavaskar set world records during his career for the most runs and most centuries scored by any batsman. He held the record of 34 Test centuries for almost two decades before it was broken by Sachin Tendulkar in December 2005.

Gavaskar was widely admired for his technique against fast bowling, with a particularly high average of 65.45 against the West Indies, who possessed a four-pronged fast bowling attack regarded as the most vicious in Test history. His captaincy of the Indian team, however, was less successful. The team at one stage went 31 Test matches without a victory. There were incidents like crowd displeasure at Eden Gardens in Calcutta leading to multiple matches being disrupted, in response to the poor performance of the Indian team. Turbulent performances of the team led to multiple exchanges of captaincy between Gavaskar and Kapil Dev, with one of Gavaskar's sackings coming just six months before Kapil led India to victory at the 1983 Cricket World Cup.

Contents[hide]

1 Domestic debut 2 Test debut 3 Captaincy 4 International farewell 5 Style 6 Outside cricket 7 Controversies 8 Personal life 9 References 10 Notes 11 External links

Domestic debut


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sunil_Gavaskar.ogg

Growing up in Mumbai, Gavaskar was named India's Best Schoolboy Cricketer of the Year in 1966. After scoring 246*, 222 and 85 in school cricket in his final year of secondary education, before striking a century against the touring London schoolboys. He made his first-class debut for Vazir Sultan Colts XI against an XI from Dungarpur, in 1966/67, but remained in Bombay's Ranji Trophy squad for two further years without playing a match. He made his debut in the 1968/69 season against Karnataka, but made a duck and was the subject of derisive claims that his selection was due to the presence of his uncle Madhav Mantri, a former Indian Test wicketkeeper on Bombay's selection committee. He responded with 114 against Rajasthan in his second match, and two further consecutive centuries saw him selected in the 1970/71 Indian team to tour the West Indies. He is the first batsman to score 10,000 runs.[1]

Test debutA diminutive player, Gavaskar stood at just 165 cm. After missing the First Test due to an infected fingernail, Gavaskar scored 61 and 67 not out in the second Test in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, hitting the winning runs which gave India its first ever win over the West Indies. He followed this with his first century, 116 and 64* in the Third Test in Georgetown, Guyana, and 1 and 117* in the Fourth Test in Bridgetown, Barbados. He returned to Trinidad for the fifth Test and scored 124 and 220 to help India to its first ever series victory over the West Indies, and the only one until 2006. His performance in the Test made him the second player after Doug Walters to score a century and double century in the same match. He also became the first Indian to make four centuries in one Test series, the second Indian after Vijay Hazare to score two centuries in the same Test, and the third after Hazare and Polly Umrigar to score centuries in three consecutive innings. He was the first Indian to aggregate more than 700 runs in a series, and this 774 runs at 154.80 remains the most runs scored in a debut series by any batsman.[1] Trinidad Calypso singer Lord Relator (Willard Harris) wrote a song in Gavaskar's honour.[2][3]

Gavaskar’s arrival in England in 1971 for a three Test series generated substantial publicity in light of his debut series. He was unable to maintain his performance, making only two half centuries. He was involved in controversy when taking a quick single from the bowling of John Snow. They collided and Gavaskar fell over. Snow was suspended. Gavaskar’s 144 runs at the low average of 24,[4] led some to question Gavaskar’s worthiness in international cricket.[1]

In 1972–73, England toured India for a five Test series, Gavaskar’s first on home soil. He was ineffective in the first three Tests, accumulating only sixty runs in five innings as India took a 2–1 lead. He scored some runs in the final two Tests which India drew to complete consecutive series wins over England. His first home series was largely disappointing, aggregating 224 runs at 24.89.[4] His English critics were placated when India returned in 1974 and Gavaskar scored 101 and 58 in the First Test at Old Trafford. He managed 227 runs at 37.83 as India were whitewashed 3–0.[1][4]

Gavaskar’s 1974–75 Indian was interrupted, playing in only the First and Fifth and final Test of the series against the West Indies. He scored 108 runs at 27, with an 86 at Mumbai the closest the Indian public got to seeing a century.[4] The Test was the start of a world record streak of 106 Test appearances.[1]

The 1975–76 season saw three and four Test tours of New Zealand and the West Indies respectively. Gavaskar led India in a Test for the first time in January 1976 against New Zealand during the First Test in Auckland when regular captain Bishen Bedi was suffering from a leg injury.[1] Standing in despite having scored only 703 runs at 28.12 since his debut series, Gavaskar rewarded the selectors with 116 and 35*. As a result, India secured an eight wicket victory. He ended the series with 266 runs at 66.33.[4] On the West Indian leg of the tour, Gavaskar scored consecutive centuries of 156 and 102 in the Second and Third Tests, both in Port of Spain, Trinidad. These were his third and fourth centuries at the grounds. In the Third Test, his 102 helped India post 4/406 to set a world record for the highest winning fourth innings score. The Indians’ mastery of the Caribbean spinners on a turning track reportedly led West Indian captain Clive Lloyd to vow that he would rely on pace alone in future Tests. Gavaskar totalled 390 runs at 55.71 for the series.[1][4]


Gavaskar was not to score a century on home soil until November 1976.[1] In an eight Test summer, three and five against New Zealand and England respectively, Gavaskar scored centuries in the first and last Tests of the season. The first was 119 in front of his home crowd at the Wankhede Stadium in Bombay, helping India to a victory. Gavaskar scored another half century in the Second Test to end the series with 259 at 43.16. In the First Test against England at Delhi, he was mobbed upon becoming the first Indian to reach 1000 Test runs a calendar year.[1] A steady series saw him finish with 394 runs at 39.4 with a century coming in Fifth Test at Mumbai and two half centuries.[4]

In 1977–78 he toured Australia, scoring three consecutive Test centuries (113, 127, 118) in the second innings of the first three Tests at Brisbane, Perth and Melbourne respectively. India won the third but lost the earlier two. He finished the Five Test series with 450 runs at 50, failing twice as India lost the final Test and the series 3–2.[4]

1978–79 saw India tour Pakistan for the first series between the arch rivals for 17 years. For the first time Gavaskar faced Pakistani captain and pace spearhead Imran Khan, who described him as “The most compact batsman I’ve bowled to.” Gavaskar scored 89 in the First Test and 97 in the Second, which India drew and lost respectively. Gavaskar saved his best for the Third Test in Karachi, scoring 111 and 137 in the Third, but was unable to prevent a defeat and series loss.[1] His twin centuries made him the first Indian to score two centuries in one Test on two occasions, and saw him pass Umrigar as India’s leading Test runscorer. Gavaskar had finished the series with 447 runs at 89.40.[4]

Captaincy

Sunil Gavaskar's career performance graph.

Gavaskar was captain of the Indian team on several occasions in the late 1970s and early 1980s, although his record is less impressive. Often equipped with unpenetrative bowling attacks he tended to use conservative tactics which resulted in a large number of draws. During his tenure Kapil Dev emerged as a leading pace bowler for the country. He captained India to nine victories and eight losses, but most of the games were drawn, 30.

His first series in charge was a West Indian visit to India for a six Test series. Gavaskar’s several large centuries contrasted with several failures. His 205 in the First Test in Bombay made him the first Indian to score a double century in India against the Caribbeans.[1] He added a further 73 in the second innings of a high scoring draw. After failing to score in the Second Test, he scored 107 and 182 not out in the Third Test at Calcutta, another high scoring draw. This made him the first player in Test history to achieve centuries in both innings of a Test three times. He managed only 4 and 1 in the Fourth Test in Madras as India forced the only win of the series. He posted a fourth century for the series, scoring 120 in the Fifth Test at Delhi, becoming the first Indian to pass 4000 Test runs. He aggregated 732 runs at 91.50 for the series, securing India a 1–0 win in his first series as captain.[4]

Despite this, he was stripped of the captaincy when India toured England in 1979 for a four Test tour. The official reason given was that Srinivas Venkataraghavan was preferred due to his superior experience on


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sunil_Gavaskar_Graph.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sunil_Gavaskar_Graph.png

English soil, but most observers believed that Gavaskar was punished because he was believed to be considering defecting to World Series Cricket. He started consistently, scoring four half centuries in five innings of the first three Tests.[4] It was in the Fourth Test at The Oval that he produced his finest innings on English soil. India were 1–0 down needed to reach a world record target of 438 to square the series. They reached 76/0 at stumps on the fourth day. Led by Gavaskar, India made steady progress to be 328/1 with 20 overs remaining on the final day with a record breaking victory still possible. An Ian Botham lead fightback saw Gavaskar removed, with India still needing 49 runs from 46 balls. With three balls left in the match, all four results were possible. India ended nine runs short with two wickets in hand when stumps were drawn. According to Sanjay Manjrekar, it was “Vintage Gavaskar, playing swing bowling to perfection, taking his time initially and then opening up. Nothing in the air, everything copybook.” He ended the series with 542 runs at 77.42 and was named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year.[1]

Gavaskar was restored to the captaincy for the gruelling 1979–80 season, with six Test home series against both Australia and Pakistan. The first two Tests against Australia were high scoring draws where only 45 wickets fell, with India taking a first innings lead in both after making scores over 400. India broke through for a 153 run win in the Third Test at Kanpur, where Gavaskar scored 76. He made 115 in the Fourth Test in Delhi, where India were unable to convert a 212 run first innings lead, resulting in a draw. After another stalemate in the Fifth Test, Gavaskar scored 123 in the Sixth Test in Bombay, where Australia collapsed by an innings after India posted their fourth first innings in excess of 400 for the series. The series against Pakistan was similarly high scoring, with four draws, three of which did not reach the fourth innings. India won the Third and Fifth Tests in Bombay and Madras. At Madras, he made 166 in the first innings and was unbeaten on 29 when India brought up the winning runs. Having secured the series 2–0, Gavaskar was stepped down as captain for the drawn Sixth Test. This occurred because Gavaskar had refused to tour the West Indies for another series immediately afterwards, asking for a rest. As a result, Gundappa Viswanath was appointed so that he could prepare his leadership skills for the tour. In the end the tour did not go ahead as the West Indian board were not interested in a team without Gavaskar. The season ended with a one off Test against England in Mumbai, which India lost. In the 13 Tests that season, he made 1027 runs at 51.35 with three centuries and four half centuries. This ended a 14 month span in which Gavaskar played in 22 Tests and the 1979 Cricket World Cup. In the time, he scored 2301 Test runs including eight centuries.[1][4]

The 1980–81 season saw Gavaskar returned as captain for the Australasian tour, but it was to be the start of an unhappy reign for Gavaskar and India. He managed only 118 runs at 19.66 in the three Tests against Australia, but his impact in Australia was a controversial incident. At the Melbourne Cricket Ground, when Gavaskar was given out by the Australian umpire Rex Whitehead, he ordered his fellow opener Chetan Chauhan off the field.[5] Instead of abandoning the match, the Indian manager, SK Durani persuaded Chauhan to return to the match which India went on to win by 59 runs as Australia collapsed to 83 in their second innings.[1] India drew the series 1–1 but the following three Test series in New Zealand were to signal the start of a barren run of 19 Tests under Gavaskar of which India were to win only one and lose five. India lost to New Zealand 1–0, with Gavaskar managing 126 runs at 25.2. He finished the Oceania tour with 244 runs at 22.18, with only two half centuries, making little impact.[4]

The 1981–82 Indian season saw a hard-fought 1–0 series win over England in six Tests. India took the First Test in Mumbai, before five consecutive draws resulted, four of which did not even reach the fourth innings. Gavaskar made 172 in the Second Test at Bangalore and reached a half century on three further occasions to compile 500 runs at 62.5. India reciprocated England’s visit in 1982 for a three Test series, which was lost 1–0. Gavaskar made 74 runs at 24.66 but was unable to bat in the Third Test.[4]

The 1982–83 subcontinental season started well for Gavaskar on an individual note, as he made 155 in a one off Test against Sri Lanka in Madras. It was the first Test between the two nations, with Sri Lankan having only recently been awarded Test status. Despite this, India were unable to finish off their novice opponents, the draw heralding a start of a winless summer. India played in twelve Tests, losing five and drawing seven. The first series was a six Test tour to Pakistan. India started well enough, drawing the First Test in Lahore, with Gavaskar scoring 83. Pakistan then defeated India in three consecutive matches. In the Third Test in Faisalabad, Gavaskar managed an unbeaten 127 in the second innings to force Pakistan into a run chase, but


the other two losses were substantial, both by an innings. Despite holding on for draws in the last two Tests, Gavaskar was replaced by Kapil Dev as captain after the 3–0 loss. Despite his team’s difficulties, Gavaskar remained productive with 434 runs at 47.18 with a century and three half centuries. Gavaskar went on to the West Indies for a five Test tour purely as a batsman, but could not reproduce the form that he had shown in the Caribbean in 1971 and 1976. He managed only 240 runs at 30, as India were crushed 2–0 by the world champions. Apart from an unbeaten 147 in the drawn Third Test in Georgetown, Guyana, his next best effort was 32.[1][4]

The 1983–84 season started with a home series against Pakistan, with all three matches being drawn. Gavaskar scored an unbeaten 103 in the First Test in Bangalore, and made two further half centuries to total 264 runs at 66. This was followed by a six Test series against the touring West Indies at the height of their powers. The First Test was held in Kanpur and India were crushed by an innings. Gavaskar had his bat knocked out of his hand by a hostile delivery from Malcolm Marshall before being dismissed. In the Second Test in Delhi, Gavaskar delivered his riposte to Marshall, hooking him for a consecutive four and six to start his innings. Gavaskar, unwilling to be dictated to by the Caribbean pacemen, hooked the short pitched barrage relentlessly, reaching his half century in 37 balls. He then went on to score 121, his 29th Test century in 94 balls, equalling Don Bradman’s world record. He also passed 8000 Test runs in the innings, and was personally honoured by Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India at the ground. The match was drawn. Gavaskar’s 90 in the Third Test at Ahmedabad saw him pass Geoff Boycott’s Test world record of 8114 career runs was insufficient to prevent another defeat. During the Fifth Test in the series, India were defeated by an innings at Calcutta to concede a 3–0 series lead. India had won only one of their 32 most recent Tests and none of their last 28. The Bengali crowd singled out the Marathi Gavaskar, who had made a golden duck and 20. Angry spectators pelted objects onto the playing arena and clashed with police, before stoning the team bus. In the Sixth Test in Madras, he compiled his 30th Test century, with an unbeaten 236 which was the highest Test score by an Indian. It was his 13th Test century and third double century against the West Indies. He had aggregated 505 at 50.50 for the series.[1][4]

With India having failed to win for 29 successive Tests, Kapil was sacked as captain and Gavaskar resumed leadership at the start of the 1984–85 season. The two Test tour of Pakistan resulted in two further draws, with Gavaskar compiling 120 runs at 40. The First Test against England in Bombay saw India break through for its first Test victory in 32 matches. It proved to be a false dawn, with England squaring the series 1–1 in Delhi before another controversial Third Test at Eden Gardens in Calcutta. The hostile crowd watched as India batted for over two days to reach 7/437 after 203 overs. Angry with the slow pace of India’s innings, the crowd chanted “Gavaskar down! Gavaskar out!” blaming him for India’ performance. The local police chief reportedly asked Gavaskar to declare to placate the angry crowd. When Gavaskar led his team onto the field, he was pelted with fruit. Gavaskar vowed never to play at Eden Gardens again, and duly withdrew from the team for India’s next fixture at the Bengali capital two years later, ending his record of 106 consecutive Tests. The match was drawn, but India conceded the series after losing the Fourth. The series ended 1–2, and with a poor display of 140 runs at 17.5, Gavaskar resigned, although he had already announced his into to relinquish the leadership before the series. The change of captain improved the form of neither Gavaskar nor India as they toured Sri Lanka for a three Test series. India were embarrassed 1–0 by the Test minnows, with Gavaskar managing only 186 runs at 37.2.[1][4]

[edit] International farewellIn 1985–86, India toured Australia, playing against a team in a poor form slump. India were unable to capitalise as all three Tests were drawn, but Gavaskar did. He scored an unbeaten 166 in the First Test in Adelaide and 172 in the Third Test in Sydney, ending the series with 352 runs at 117.33. A three Test tour of England saw him score only 185 runs at 30.83, which India won 2–0 despite his unproductivity. In 1986–87, Gavaskar’s final season in Test cricket, India faced a long season of eleven home Tests. Against a team as the worst to leave Australian shores, Gavaskar made 90 in the second innings of the First Test in Madras, giving India a chance of reach the target of 348, which ended in a tie. He scored 103 in the Third Test in Bombay to end the series with 205 runs at 51.66. The First Test against Sri Lanka in Kanpur saw Gavaskar’s 34th and final Test century of 176. He scored 74 and 5 in the next two Tests as India won the three match


series 2–0. The five Test series against arch enemies Pakistan was to be his last. Gavaskar scored 91 in the drawn First Test in Madras before withdrawing from the Second Test in Calcutta as he had promised. In the Fourth Test in Ahmedabad, Gavaskar’s 63 made him the first batsman to pass 10,000 runs. With the teams locked 0–0 leading into the final Test in Bangalore, there was to be no fairytale. Gavaskar was dismissed for 96 in the second innings as India were bowled out to give Pakistan a 1–0 series win.[1][4]

[edit] StyleGavaskar was also a fine slip fielder and his safe catching in the slips helped him become the first Indian (excluding wicket-keepers) to take over a hundred catches in Test matches. In one ODI against Pakistan in Sharjah in 1985, he took four catches and helped India defend a small total of 125. Early in his Test career, when India rarely used pace bowlers, Gavaskar also opened the bowling for a short spell on occasions if only one pace bowler was playing, before a three-pronged spin attack took over. The only wicket claimed by him is that of Pakistani Zaheer Abbas in 1978–79.

While Gavaskar could not be described as an attacking batsman, he had the ability of keeping the scoreboard ticking with unique shots such as the "late flick". His focus of technical correctness over flair meant that his style of play was usually less suited to the shorter form of the game, at which he had less success. His renowned 36 not out in the 1975 World Cup, carrying his bat through the full 60 overs against England, lead Indian supporters to storm the field and confront him. Gavaskar almost went through his career without scoring a one-day century. He managed his first (and only ODI century) in the 1987 World Cup, when he hit 103 not out against New Zealand in his penultimate ODI innings at Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground, Nagpur.

[edit] Outside cricketGavaskar has also been awarded the Padma Bhushan. In December 1994 he was appointed the Sheriff of Mumbai, an honorary post, for a year. After retirement, he has been a popular, if sometimes controversial commentator, both on TV and in print. He has written four books on cricket – Sunny Days (autobiography), Idols, Runs n' Ruins and One Day Wonders. He also served as an advisor to the India national cricket team during the home series against Australia in 2004. He was the Chairman of the ICC cricket committee till the time he was forced to choose between commenting and being on the committee. He left the committee to continue his career as a broadcaster.

His son Rohan is also a cricketer who plays at the national level in the Ranji Trophy. He has played some One Day Internationals for India, but could not cement his spot in the team.

The Border-Gavaskar Trophy has been instituted in his (co-)honour.

Gavaskar also tried his hand at acting on the silver screen. He played the lead role in the Marathi movie "Premachi Saavli". The movie did not receive much appreciation though. After many years he appeared in a guest role in a Hindi movie "Maalamal".[6] He has sung a Marathi song "Ya Duniyemadhye Thambayaala Vel Konala" which was written by noted Marathi lyricist Shantaram Nandgaonkar. The song depicted the similarities between a cricket match and real life. It had become popular.

[edit] ControversiesIn a notorious ODI performance in 1975, he opened the batting and managed just 36 (not out) off 174 balls (scoring just one four). Replying to England's 334 from 60 overs, India managed only 132 for 3 from the 60 overs. It was alleged that Gavaskar deliberately performed poorly in that match, due to his annoyance with the promotion of Srinivas Venkataraghavan to captaincy. He later claimed that he could not adjust to the pace of the game.


Recently, he has been involved in a string of controversies as an ICC official. He has been criticised for supporting changes in cricket rules that tend to favour batsmen. In addition, his role as the chief selector for ICC World XI also came under criticism due to some controversial selections, which resulted in one sided matches against the ICC World Champion, Australia.

On 25 March 2008, Malcolm Speed, ICC chief executive, told Gavaskar "very clearly", during a meeting between the two at Dubai, that he would have to quit his post at the ICC if he failed to give up his job of commentator and newspaper columnist,[7] in which capacity he has frequently criticised his employers and levelled serious accusations of racism. He sparked especial controversy in early 2008 for his comments on the contentious Sydney Test Match: "Millions of Indians want to know if it [match referee Mike Procter's verdict against Harbhajan Singh] was a 'white man' taking the 'white man's' word against that of the 'brown man'. Quite simply, if there was no audio evidence, nor did the officials hear anything, then the charge did not stand."[8] Australian writer Gideon Haigh subsequently pointed out that, if Gavaskar genuinely believed this, "then he should almost certainly resign, for if the ICC is a bastion of 'white man's justice', Gavaskar bears some of the blame for having failed to change it."[9]

[edit] Personal lifeSunil is married to Marshneil Gavaskar (née Mehrotra), daughter of a leather industrialist in Kanpur. They have a son Rohan. Sunil Gavaskar also played a heroic role in the 1993 Bombay Riots, where he sheltered a Muslim family.[10] He also shielded victims with his body, saying "first you have to hit me" to the rioters.[11]

[edit] References Brown, Alex. "Gavaskar slams 'white man' ban." The Age, 14 January 2008. Haigh, Gideon. "Gavaskar's double role." Cricinfo. 15 January 2008. [12] (accessed November 22,

2008).

[edit] Notes1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Armstrong, Geoff (2002). ESPN legends of cricket. Allen & Unwin. pp. ??.

ISBN 1-86508-836-6.2. ^ Lokapally, Vijay (May 11 – 17, 2002). "A legend in two lands". Sportstar.

http://www.hinduonnet.com/tss/tss2519/25190240.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-08.3. ^ Biswas, Soutik (16 June 2007). "Leader Article: Calypso Rules". Times of India.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2126900.cms. Retrieved 2009-06-08.4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Test Batting and Fielding in Each Season by Sunny Gavaskar,

CricketArchive. Retrieved on 5 September 2008.5. ^ "Pakistan's protest not the first | Cricket News | Columns | ESPN Cricinfo". Content-

usa.cricinfo.com. http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/columns/content/story/257492.html. Retrieved 2010-12-21.

6. ^ Sunil Gavaskar's IMDb entry. Retrieved 16-11-2009.7. ^ Gavaskar to decide on future with ICC, 25 March 2008, Cricinfo. Retrieved on 5 September 2008.8. ^ Quoted in Brown 2008.9. ^ Haigh 2008.10. ^ . http://www.cricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/413441.html.11. ^ . http://micurl.com/jAlCC.12. ^ "Gavaskar's double role | Opinion | Cricinfo Magazine | ESPN Cricinfo". Content-

www.cricinfo.com. http://content-www.cricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/331054.html. Retrieved 2010-12-21.

[edit] External linksDhaneswar Majhi ([email protected])

Player Profile: Sunil Gavaskar from ESPNcricinfo Player Profile: Sunil Gavaskar from CricketArchive The Big Hundred Specialist: Sunil Gavaskar Rediff page on Gavaskar Sunil Gavaskar column on Yahoo! Cricket [1]

Preceded byNawab of Patudi Jr.

Indian National Test Cricket Captain1975/76 (1 Test Match)

Succeeded byBishen Singh Bedi

Preceded byBishen Singh Bedi

Indian National Test Cricket Captain1978/79 – 1979

Succeeded bySrinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan

Preceded bySrinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan

Indian National Test Cricket Captain1979/80

Succeeded byGundappa Viswanath

KAPIL DEVFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Kapil Dev

Personal information

Full name Kapil Dev Ramlal Nikhanj

Born6 January 1959 (age 52)

Chandigarh,Punjab, India

Batting style Right-handed

Bowling style Right arm fast medium

Role All-rounder

International information

National side India

Test debut (cap 141) 16 October 1978 v Pakistan

Last Test 19 March 1994 v New Zealand


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_cricket_team

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_cricket_team

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_India_Test_cricketers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_cricket_team

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-rounder

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_bowling#Categorisation_of_fast_bowling

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab,_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapil_Dev#p-search

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapil_Dev#mw-head

ODI debut (cap 25) 1 October 1978 v Pakistan

Last ODI 17 October 1994 v West Indies

Domestic team information

Years Team

1975 – 1992 Haryana

1984 – 1985 Worcestershire

1981 – 1983 Northamptonshire

Career statistics

Competition Test ODI FC LA

Matches 131 225 275 309

Runs scored 5248 3783 11356 5461

Batting average 31.05 23.79 32.91 24.59

100s/50s 8/27 1/14 18/56 2/23

Top score 163 175* 193 175*

Balls bowled 27740 11202 48853 14947

Wickets 434 253 835 335

Bowling average 29.64 27.45 27.09 27.34

5 wickets in innings 23 1 39 2

10 wickets in match 2 n/a 3 n/a

Best bowling 9/83 5/43 9/83 5/43

Catches/stumpings 64/– 71/– 192/– 99/–

Source: Cricinfo, 24 January 2008

Kapil Dev Ramlal Nikhanj[1] (Hindi: कपि�ल देव) ( pronunciation (help·info)) (born 6 January 1959, Chandigarh Punjab, India), better known as Kapil Dev, is a former Indian cricketer. He captained the Indian cricket team which won the 1983 Cricket World Cup. Named by Wisden as the Indian Cricketer of the Century in 2002,[2] Kapil Dev was also India's national cricket coach for 10 months between October 1999 and August 2000.


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Cricket_World_Cup

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcestershire_County_Cricket_Club

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryana_cricket_team

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Indies_cricket_team


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_India_ODI_cricketers


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kapil_Dev.ogg

Kapil was a right-arm pace bowler noted for his graceful action and potent outswinger, and was India's main strike bowler for most of his career. He also developed a fine inswinging yorker during the 1980s, which he used very effectively against tail-enders. As a batsman, he was a natural striker of the ball who could hook and drive effectively. A naturally aggressive player, he often helped India in difficult situations by taking the attack to the opposition. Nicknamed The Haryana Hurricane, he represented the Haryana cricket team in domestic cricket.[3] He retired in 1994, holding the world record for the most number of wickets taken in test cricket, a record subsequently broken by Courtney Walsh in 2000. At the time, he was also India's highest wicket taker in both major forms of cricket, Tests and ODIs). He is the only player in the history of cricket to have taken more than 400 wickets and scored more than 5,000 runs in test cricket, making him one of the greatest all-rounders to have played the game. On 8 March 2010, Kapil Dev was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame [4]

Contents 1 Early life 2 Domestic career

o 2.1 Haryana: 1990–91 Ranji champions 3 International career

o 3.1 Early Years (1978–1982)o 3.2 Captain: 1983 World Cup Champions (1982–1984)

3.2.1 1983 World Cup Performanceo 3.3 Post World Cupo 3.4 Difficult captaincyo 3.5 Bowling Styleo 3.6 Final years

4 Post retirement o 4.1 India's National Cricket Coacho 4.2 Return to Cricketo 4.3 Joining Territorial Army

5 Personal life o 5.1 Business Interestso 5.2 Endorsements

6 Records o 6.1 Test cricketo 6.2 ODI cricket

7 Achievements o 7.1 Awardso 7.2 Test Match Awardso 7.3 ODI Match Awards

8 References 9 External links

Early lifeBorn in a Punjabi family to Ram Lal Nikhanj and Raj Kumari Lajwanti (maiden name), Kapil Dev was the sixth of seven siblings. His parents had emigrated from a Kahuta village near Rawalpindi during Partition, whereafter Ram Lal Nikhanj settled in Chandigarh and into a prosperous building and timber business. Kapil Dev was a student at D.A.V. School and joined Desh Prem Azad in 1971.

Domestic career



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Kapil Dev made an impressive debut for Haryana in November 1975 against Punjab with a 6 wicket haul, restricting Punjab to just 63 runs and helping Haryana to victory. Kapil finished the season with 12 wickets in 3 matches.

In the 1976–77 season opener against Jammu & Kashmir, he had a match haul of 8/36 to win the match for his team. While his contributions for the rest of the season was ordinary, Haryana qualified for the pre quarterfinals. Kapil Dev achieved his then best innings haul of 7/20 in just 9 overs in the second innings to skittle Bengal for 58 runs in under 19 overs. Although Haryana lost to Bombay in the quarter finals, his form made the nation sit up and take notice.

Kapil began his 1977–78 season claiming 8/38 in the first innings against Services. With 3 wickets in the second innings, he took his maiden 10-wicket haul in first-class cricket, a feat he would later achieve twice in Test cricket. With 23 wickets in 4 matches, he was selected for the Irani Trophy, Duleep Trophy and Wills Trophy matches.

For the 1978–79 season, Haryana had a repeat encounter with Bengal in the pre-quarterfinal match after a lackluster bowling season from Kapil Dev (12 wickets from 4 matches), riding on the performance of the season's leading wicket-taker – Rajinder Kaul. Kapil Dev however scored 2 half-centuries in the group stage matches. In the pre-quarterfinal match, he rose to the occasion by taking a 5-wicket haul in the first innings. Poor batting by Haryana in the second innings meant Bengal could avenge their loss from 2 seasons back by scoring the required 161 runs for the loss of just 4 wickets. Kapil Dev stood out in the Irani Trophy match scoring 62 runs coming in at number 8. He also took 5 catches in the game where Karnataka was defeated by the Rest of India XI. Kapil Dev arrived in the national spotlight with a trademark standout performance in the finals of the Duleep Trophy taking a first innings haul of 7/65 in 24 overs. Kapil was included in the North Zone squad for Deodhar Trophy and Wills Trophy for the first time. He played his first Test match in the season against Pakistan

In the 1979–80 season, Kapil showed his batting talent with a maiden century against Delhi when he scored his career best 193. In the pre-quarterfinal match, where he captained Haryana for the first time against Uttar Pradesh, he took a five wicket haul in the second innings to advance to quarter finals where they lost to Karnataka. With Kapil cementing his place in the Indian national squad, his appearances in domestic matches dwindled.

Haryana: 1990–91 Ranji champions

In the 1990–91 Ranji season, Haryana rode into the semi-finals on the back of the bowling performance of Chetan Sharma and the batting performance of Amarjit Kaypee. Kapil took centre stage in the semi-final against Bengal, where he led his team to a mammoth score of 605 runs by scoring 141 as well as taking 5 wickets.

The finals of the 1991 season will be remembered for the number of international cricketers who were part of the match with Kapil Dev, Chetan Sharma, Ajay Jadeja and Vijay Yadav turning up for Haryana and Bombay cricket team represented by Sanjay Manjrekar, Vinod Kambli, Sachin Tendulkar, Dilip Vengsarkar, Chandrakant Pandit, Salil Ankola and Abey Kuruvilla. Deepak Sharma (199), Ajay Jadeja (94) and Chetan Sharma (98) helped Haryana to a score of 522 while Yogendra Bhandari (5 wickets) and Kapil Dev (3 wickets) restricted Bombay to 410 runs in the first innings. A crucial 41 from Kapil and top scorer Banerjee (60) took Haryana to 242 runs, setting Bombay a target of 355 runs. After the initial wickets, Vengsarkar (139) and Tendulkar (96) fought back for the Bombay team. After Tendulkar's dismissal, Haryana took the final 6 wickets for 102 runs and Vengsarkar and Bombay were stranded 3 runs short of the target. Kapil won his maiden and only Ranji Trophy championship.[5][6]





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A graph showing Kapil Dev's test career bowling statistics and how they have varied over time.

Early Years (1978–1982)

Kapil made his Test cricket debut in Faisalabad, Pakistan on 16 October 1978. Although his match figures were unimpressive, the numbers did not convey any measure of Kapil's contribution in the match. With his speed and bounce, he brought glee to the Indian players as the Pakistani batsmen were startled with bouncers that struck their helmets on more than one occasion.[7] Kapil also captured his maiden wicket of Sadiq Mohammad with his trademark outswinger.[8] He showcased his all-rounder talent when he scored India's fastest Test half-century off 33 balls and 2 sixes in each of the innings during the 3rd Test match at National Stadium, Karachi,[9] although India lost the match and the series 2–0. In the ensuring series against a visiting West Indies team, he scored his maiden Test century (126) at Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi in just 124 balls[10] and had a steady bowling performance (17 wickets at 33.00). Ominous signs of Kapil's liking for England showed up in the ensuring series, his first outside the sub-continent. Kapil picked up his first 5-wicket haul and all of England's wickets, although it came at a huge cost (48 overs and 146 runs conceded) as England scored a mammoth 633 and won the match comfortably.[11] Kapil finished the series with 16 wickets though his batting haul of 45 runs (Average: 7.5) was unimpressive. His debut in ODI Cricket happened in the earlier tour of Pakistan where his individual performance was ordinary and it stayed the same as both Kapil and India had a poor campaign at the 1979 Cricket World Cup.

Kapil Dev established himself as India's premier fast bowler when he took two 5-wicket hauls and ended the home series against Australia with 28 wickets (Average: 22.32) and also 212 runs that included a half-century.[12] Kapil Dev gained fame in the 6-Test home series against Pakistan in the 1979–80 season when he led India to 2 victories against the visitors – once with the bat (69) at Wankhede Stadium, Bombay (Now Mumbai)[13] and the second time with bat and ball (10-wicket haul in match – 4/90 in the first innings and 7/56 in the second innings, 84 in 98 balls with his bat) at Chepauk, Madras (Now Chennai).[14] Kapil rates his all-round performance in this match as his best bowling effort in his career, and his second innings figure of 7/56 was his best to-date.[7] During the series, he also became the youngest Test player to achieve the all-round double of 100 Wickets and 1000 Runs and in 25 matches (although Ian Botham took just 21 matches to achieve the same feat) and finished the series with 32 wickets (Ave: 17.68) and 278 runs that included 2 fifties.[15]

India's tour of Australia in 1980–81 had the looks of the familiar Indian series as India were 1–0 down and were defending a meagre 143 runs and Kapil Dev virtually ruled out with a groin injury. When Australia finished the fourth day at 18/3, Kapil willed himself to play the final day with pain-killing injections and removed the dangerous Australia middle order. Kapil won the match for India with the innings bowling performance of 16.4–4–28–5, a bowling performance that figures in his five best bowling performance.[7] During the Australian tour, he scored his first fifty in ODIs against New Zealand at Brisbane. Somehow India's Test cricket sensation was unable to adjust to ODI cricket and had a career start of 278 runs (Average: 17.38) and 17 wickets after 16 ODI matches.

A dismal New Zealand tour later,[16] Kapil Dev was ready for the 1981–82 home series against England where his five-wicket haul won the first test at Wankhede Stadium, Bombay (Now Mumbai). Kapil scored


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318 runs (Average: 53, 1 century, 1 fifty) and took 22 wickets (2 5-wicket hauls) and walked away with the Man of the Series honours.[17] England saw more of Kapil in the ensuing series at home against the Indian cricket team in the 1982 season when he opened with a 5-wicket haul and 130 runs in a losing cause at Lord's.[18] Kapil Dev finished the 3-match series with 292 runs (Ave: 73, 3 fifties) and 10 Wickets and bagged the Man of the Series again.[19]

Facing Sri Lanka for the first time, Kapil helped himself to a five-wicket haul to kick start the 1982–83 season. In the following tour to Pakistan, Kapil and Mohinder Amarnath were the only bright spots in a series dominated by rival all-rounder Imran Khan (40 wickets and 1 century).[20] Kapil took a 5/102 haul in the second Test at National Stadium, Karachi, 7/220 in the third Test at Iqbal Stadium, Faisalabad and 8/85 at Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore while he received little support from other team members. After this disastrous tour, Kapil was made the captain of the Indian cricket team in place of Sunil Gavaskar.

Captain: 1983 World Cup Champions (1982–1984)

Kapil Dev debuted as India's captain in the 1982–83 season against Sri Lanka (before the Pakistan tour) when Gavaskar was rested. His first assignment as regular captain was the tour of West Indies, where the biggest accomplishment was a lone ODI victory. Kapil (72) and Gavaskar (90) led India to a huge score – 282/5 in 47 overs and Kapil's 2 wickets aided India to restrict West Indies for 255 and a victory[21] that Indian cricketers claim gave them the confidence to face the West Indies team in 1983 Cricket World Cup.[22] Overall, Kapil Dev had a good series in West Indies as he scored a century to save the second test match[23] as well as picking up 17 wickets (Average: 24.94).

1983 World Cup Performance

Kapil entered the World Cup with an ordinary individual record – 32 Matches, 608 Runs (Average: 21), 34 wickets. India's solitary victory in the previous two World Cups was against East Africa in 1975. Riding on Yashpal Sharma (89 Runs), Roger Binny and Ravi Shastri (3 wickets each), India inflicted the West Indies' first-ever defeat in the World Cup.[24] Following a victory against Zimbabwe, India lost the next two matches – Australia (despite Kapil Dev's best career figures of 5/43)[25] and West Indies. India now needed victories against Australia and Zimbabwe to advance to semi-finals.

India faced Zimbabwe at Nevill Ground, Royal Tunbridge Wells on 18 June 1983 under overcast conditions. India won the toss and elected to bat. Disaster struck as the top order started a procession back to the dressing room as Gavaskar (0), Kris Srikkanth (0), Mohinder Amarnath (5) and Sandeep Patil (1) leaving India at a precarious 9/4 that turned to 17/5 when Yashpal Sharma (9) was dismissed. Batting with the lower order batsmen, Kapil Dev stabilized the side with a 60-run partnership with Roger Binny (22 runs) and a 62-run partnership with Madan Lal. When Syed Kirmani walked in at 140/8, Kapil Dev had scored his half-century and went on to score his century off 100 balls. Together with Kirmani (22 runs), Kapil put on an unbeaten 126 runs for the 9th wicket – a world record that stood unbroken for 27 years (10000 days),[26] and finished not out with 175 runs off 138 balls, an innings that included 16 boundaries and 6 sixes. The innings figures in the Top 10 ODI Batting Performances compiled by Wisden in February 2002[27] at No. 4. India won the match by 31 runs.[28] After a win against Australia, India entered the semi-finals.

In the semi-finals India faced the English cricket team. Kapil helped curtail the lower-order after England lost regular wickets to Roger Binny and Mohinder Amarnath. He took 3 wickets as India limited England to 213 and the middle order of Mohinder Amarnath (46 runs), Yashpal Sharma (61), Sandeep Patil (51*) ensured victory[29] and entry into the finals to take on the mighty West Indies cricket team who were looking for a hat-trick of World Cup titles. West Indies restricted India for 183 runs, with only Kris Srikkanth (38 runs) providing some scoring relief. Despite losing Gordon Greenidge, West Indies steadied their innings to 57/2 on the back of quick scoring by Viv Richards and looked comfortable. Richards played one too many aggressive shots when he skied a pull shot from Madan Lal that Kapil caught at deep square leg after running for over 20 yards. The catch is attributed as the turning point in the 1983 WC Final and is regarded as one of the finest in ODI Cricket. West Indies collapsed from 50/1 to 76/6 and finally were bowled out for




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140 with Kapil picking up the wicket of Andy Roberts.[30] Kapil Dev had upset Clive Lloyd's West Indies to win Indias's maiden World Cup[31] and he led from the front with 303 runs (Average: 60.6), 12 wickets (Average: 20.41) and 7 catches in 8 matches – a truly all-round performance.

Post World Cup

After the World Cup, India hosted the West Indies cricket team and felt their fury as the tourists won the Test series 3–0 and the ODI Series 6–0. Kapil Dev achieved his best test bowling performance in a loss at Motera Stadium, Ahmedabad with a return of 9/83.[32] His bowling performance in the test and ODI series was let down by his poor batting performance. The selectors ended the Kapil's reign by reappointing Gavaskar as captain in early 1984.

Difficult captaincy

Kapil was reappointed captain in March 1985, and guided India on a Test series win over England on their tour in 1986. This period saw one of the most famous matches played during his reign, the second Tied Test, in which he was named joint-man of the match with Australian batsman Dean Jones.

Kapil was retained as captain for the 1987 Cricket World Cup. In their first match, Australia scored 268 against India. However, after the close of innings, Kapil Dev agreed with the umpires that the score should be increased to 270 as one boundary during the innings had been mistakenly signalled as a four and not a six. In their reply, India scored 269 falling short of Australia's score by one run. In the Wisden Cricketer's Almanack, it was reported that "Kapil Dev's sportsmanship proved the deciding factor in a close-run match".[33] India went on to reach the semi-final of the 1987 World Cup, where they lost to England. Kapil faced the blame for India's defeat as he holed out to deep mid-wicket triggering a collapse that led to the unexpected loss. He did not captain India again, even though he was the Vice-captain for India's tour to Pakistan in 1989.

The captaincy period was on the whole a difficult one for him as it was mired with reports of differences with Gavaskar, as well as his own inconsistent form as a bowler. However, both men have since insisted that these reports were exaggerated.[34] Above all the controversy, Kapil's performance was better when he was the Captain, than as a player underline that, he enjoyed and suited captaincy.

Bowling Style

By the end of 1983, Kapil already had about 250 Test wickets in just five years and looked well on his way to becoming one of the most prolific wicket-takers ever. However, his bowling declined following knee surgery in 1984, as he lost some of his majestic jump at the crease. Despite this setback, he never missed playing a single test or one-day game on fitness grounds (save for his disciplinary ouster in the 3rd test at Calcutta during the 1984/85 series against England). He continued to be effective, if not devastating, for another ten years and became the second bowler ever to take 400 wickets in Test cricket in 1991–92 when he took Mark Taylor's wicket in a series versus Australia in Australia. In that Australian tour he took 25 wickets.

Final years

Kapil continued as India's lead pace bowler under a succession of captains in the early 1990s. He was involved in a notable incident during the Lord's Test Match of 1990, when he hit off-spinner Eddie Hemmings for four sixes in succession to take India past the follow-on target.[35] This match also featured the highest test score by an Englishman,[36] 333 by Graham Gooch. He was also cited by umpire Dickie Bird as being one of the greatest all-rounders of all-time.[37]

He also became a valuable batsman in the ODI version of the game, being used as a pinch-hitter to accelerate the run-scoring rate, usually in the final ten overs, and relied upon to stabilise the innings in lieu



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of a collapse. He played in the 1992 Cricket World Cup, which was his last, under the captaincy of Mohammad Azharuddin. He led the bowling attack with younger talents like Javagal Srinath and Manoj Prabhakar, who would eventually succeed him as India's leading pace bowlers. He formally retired in 1994, after formally breaking Richard Hadlee's record for most Test wickets - Hadlee sent a message of congratulations immediately after Kapil took the record-breaking wicket

Post retirement

India's National Cricket Coach

Main article: Kapil Dev as Indian National Cricket Coach

Kapil was appointed coach of the Indian national cricket team in 1999, succeeding Anshuman Gaekwad.[38] In his term, India won just one test match (at home against New Zealand) and had two major series losses in Australia (3–0) and at home against South Africa (2–0) and in general considered a disappointment.[39] At the height of the match fixing allegation by Manoj Prabhakar[40] — a charge that was dismissed later,[41] Kapil resigned from his position as national coach. Stung by the betting controversy, he announced his farewell stating that "I bid adieu to the game that gave me so much and then took a great deal of it away on the mere hearsay of a third party".[42] After a brief interval, he was succeeded as coach by former New Zealand batsman John Wright, who became India's first foreign coach.

Return to Cricket

After a period of silence away from the public eye, Kapil returned to cricket when Wisden announced him as one of the sixteen finalists for the Wisden Indian Cricketer of the Century award in July 2002. Kapil pipped long time team-mate Gavaskar and crowd favourite Tendulkar to win the award and claimed the moment as "my finest hour".[2]

Kapil slowly returned to cricket as a bowling consultant[43] and was the bowling coach in the preparatory camp prior to India's tour of Pakistan in March 2004.[44] In October 2006, Kapil Dev was nominated as the chairman of National Cricket Academy for a 2 year period.[45]

In 2005, he acted in a brief role in the Cult Movie Iqbal written by Vipul K Rawal where he played himself. Initially the director was not keen on approaching him, however the writer Vipul K Rawal put his foot down as the role was written especially keeping him in mind.

In May 2007, Kapil joined the upstart Indian Cricket League (ICL) floated by Zee TV (which the IPL copied) as the chairman of executive board, defending his decision as complimenting BCCI's structure rather than opposing it – "We are not looking to create a rival team but helping the Indian board to find more talent".[46] In June 2007, BCCI responded by revoking the pension for all players who have joined ICL, including Kapil.[47] on 21 August 2007, Kapil was removed from the chairmanship of the National Cricket Academy, a day after he addressed a formal press conference of the new Indian Cricket League.[citation needed]

Joining Territorial Army

On September 24, 2008 Kapil Dev joined the Indian Territorial Army and was commissioned as a Lieutenant Colonel by General Deepak Kapoor, Chief of the Army Staff. He joined as an honorary officer.

Personal lifeHe was introduced to Romi Bhatia by a common friend in 1979 and proposed to her in 1980.[51] The couple married in 1980 and had a daughter, Amiya Dev, on 16 January 1996.



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After retirement from cricket in 1994, Kapil Dev took up golf.[52] Kapil was the only Asian founding member of Laureus Foundation in 2000. Ian Botham and Viv Richards were the other two cricketers on the founding member council of 40. Steve Waugh was added to the Academy members in 2006 when it was expanded from 40 to 42. He has written three autobiographical works. By God's Decree came out in 1985 and Cricket my style in 1987. He released his most recent autobiography, titled Straight from the Heart in 2004 (ISBN 1403-92227-6).[53]

Business Interests

In 2005, Kapil picked up 5% stake in Zicom Electronics[54]

Kapil owns the Kapil's Eleven (2006) restaurants in Chandigarh[55] and Patna.[56] He also owns the Kaptain's Retreat Hotel (1983; renovated and reopened in 2002)[57] in Chandigarh.

Kapil established a company Dev Musco Lighting Pvt Limited in partnership with Musco Lighting to install floodlights in major stadiums and sports venues in India.[58] Floodlight projects include PCA Stadium, GCA Stadium, Brabourne Stadium, Barabati Stadium, Sector 16 Stadium.[59]

Kapil has made cameo appearances in the films Iqbal, Chain Khuli ki Main Khuli and Mujhse Shadi Karogi [60]

Endorsements

Kapil Dev has been actively courted by Indian businesses during and after his cricketing days as brand ambassador for their products because of the charisma that personifies the cricketer. Though not the first Indian cricketer to endorse brands, he was the first star brand on Indian Television with his Palmolive ka jawab nahin (Translation: Palmolive has no match). He also appears consistently on Headlines Today as a guest speaker. Other endorsments include:

Palmolive Shaving cream BSA-SLR bicycles Hero Honda bikes Hajmola – 1995 Crocin Pain Relief – 2005.[61]

Boost (1980s & 1990s) Sony SET Max – 2002.[62]

Birla Sun-Life Insurance – 2006[63]

Chadha Group – 2006[64]

Kinetic – 2002[65]

Eastman Group – 2007[66]

Standard Chartered – 2003[67]

Rado – 2000[68]

Jaypee Greens – 2002[69]

Omaxe Construction – 2003[70]

Haier – 2007[71]

Idea Cellular – 2011

Records

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Kapil Dev's career performance graph.

In early 1994, he became the highest Test wicket-taker in the world, breaking the record held by Sir Richard Hadlee. Kapil's record was broken by Courtney Walsh in 1999.

Kapil is the only player to have achieved the all-rounder's double of 4,000 Test runs and 400 Test wickets.

ODI cricket

In 1988, Kapil overtook Joel Garner to become the highest wicket-taker in ODI cricket. His final career tally of 253 wickets remained a record until it was broken by Wasim Akram in 1994.[72]

According to the ICC cricket ratings for all-rounders in ODI cricket,[73] Kapil's peak rating of 631 is the highest rating ever achieved. He reached this mark on 22 March 1985 after a World Series final against Pakistan in Australia.

Achievements

Awards

1979–80 – Arjuna Award 1982 – Padma Shri 1983 – Wisden Cricketer of the Year[74]

1991 – Padma Bhushan 2002 – Wisden Indian Cricketer of the Century[2]

2010 – ICC Cricket Hall of Fame [4]

Year Honour Honouring body

2008 Lieutenant Colonel Indian Territorial Army

Test Match Awards

Man of Series Awards

# Series Season Series Performance

1 England in India 1981–82 318 Runs (6 Matches, 8 Innings, 1x100, 1x50); 243.1–40–835–22 (2x5WI); 3




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Territorial_Army

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapil_Dev#cite_note-HallofFame-3




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Bhushan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapil_Dev#cite_note-WCoY-73

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisden_Cricketer_of_the_Year

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Shri

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjuna_Award


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_cricket_ratings


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasim_Akram

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Garner




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Test_cricket_records#Most_career_wickets

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kapil_Dev_graph.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kapil_Dev_graph.png

Catches

2 India in England 1982 292 Runs (3 Matches, 3 Innings, 3x50); 133–21–439–10 (1x5WI)

3West Indies in India

1983–84184 Runs (6 Matches, 11 Innings); 203.–43–537–29 (2x5WI, 1x10WM); 4 Catches

4 India in Australia 1985–86 135 Runs (3 Matches, 3 Innings, 1x50); 118–31–276–12 (1x5WI); 5 Catches

Man of the Match Awards

S No Opponent Venue Season Match Performance

1 England Wankhede, Mumbai 1981–821st Innings: 38 (8x4); 22–10–29–12nd Innings: 46 (5x4); 13.2–0–70–5

2 England Lord's, London 1982–831st Innings: 41 (4x4); 43–8–125–52nd Innings: 89 (13x4, 3x6); 10–1–43–3

3 Pakistan Gadafi, Lahore 1982–83 1st Innings: 30.5–7–85–8

4 Australia Adelaide Oval, Adelaide 1985–861st Innings: 38 (8x4); 38–6–106–82nd Innings: 3–1–3–0

5 England Lord's, London 19861st Innings: 1 Run; 31–8–67–1; 1 Catch2nd Innings: 23*(4x4, 1x6); 22–7–52–5

6* Australia Chepauk, Chennai 1986–871st Innings: 119 (21x4);18–5–52–0; 2 Catches2nd Innings: 1 Run; 1–0–5–0

7 Sri Lanka Barabati, Cuttack 1986–871st Innings: 60 Runs; 26–3–69–4; 2 Catches2nd Innings: 16–4–36–1

8 Pakistan National Stadium, Karachi 1989/901st Innings: 55 (8x4); 24–5–69–42nd Innings: 36–15–82–3

*–Joint MoM Award with Dean Jones in the tied Test Match

[edit] ODI Match Awards

Man of the Series Awards

# Series (Opponents) Season Series Performance

1 Texaco Trophy (India in England ODI Series) 1982107 (2 Matches & 2 Innings, 1x50); 20–3–60–0

2[75] Benson & Hedges World Series Cup (Australia, New Zealand)

1985–86 202 Runs (9 Innings); 20/391; 7 Catches

Man of the Match AwardsDhaneswar Majhi ([email protected])



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_cricket_team




http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapil_Dev&action=edit&section=25

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1 New Zealand Woolloongabba, Brisbane 1980–81 75 (51b, 9x4, 3x6); 10–0–37–1; 1 Catch

2 West IndiesAlbion Sports Complex, Berbice, Guyana

1982–83 72 (38b, 7x4, 3x6); 10–0–33–2; 2 Catches

3 Zimbabwe Nevill Ground, Tunbridge Wells 1983175* (138b, 16x4, 6x6); 11–1–32–1; 2 Catches

4 England VCA Ground, Nagpur 1984–85 54 (41b, 3x4, 4x6); 10–1–42–1

5 New Zealand Woolloongabba, Brisbane 1985–86 54* (53b, 5x4); 10–1–28–1

6 England Sharjah 1986–87 64 (54b, 5x4, 1x6); 8–1–30–1

7 New Zealand Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore 1987–88 72* (58b, 4x4, 1x6); 10–1–54–0

8 Zimbabwe Gujarat Stadium, Ahmedabad 1987–88 41* (25b, 2x4, 3x6), 10–2–44–2

9 West Indies Sharjah 1989–90 41 (50b, 2x4, 1x6); 7.4–1–19–2

10 New Zealand Basin Reserve, Wellington 1989–90 46 (38b, 4x4, 1x6); 9.5–1–45–2

11 South Africa Kingsmead, Durban 1992–93 30 (37b, 5x4); 10–4–23–3

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RAHUL SHARAD DRAVIDRahul Sharad Dravid (Kannada: ರಾಹುಲ ್ ಶರದ ್ ದಾವಿಡ ್, Marathi: राहुल द्रनिवड़, pronunciation (help·info) (born 11 January 1973) is one of the most experienced cricketers in the Indian national team, of which he has been a regular member since 1996. He was appointed as the captain of the Indian cricket team in October 2005 and resigned from the post in September 2007.[1] Dravid was honored as one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 2000.[2] Dravid was also awarded the ICC Player of the Year and the Test Player of the Year at the inaugural awards ceremony held in 2004.[3] On 27 December 2010, he took his 200th Test catch to get rid of Dale Steyn.

Known as "the Wall" due to his ability to bat for long durations, and "Jammy" due to his endorsement of Kissan, a jam company, and also because his father worked for Kissan, Dravid holds multiple world cricketing records. He is the second Indian batsman, after Sachin Tendulkar, and the third international player to have scored more than 12,000 runs in Test cricket.[4] On 14 February 2007, he became the sixth player in history and the third Indian (after Sachin Tendulkar and Sourav Ganguly), to score 10,000 runs in ODI cricket.[5] He is the first and the only batsman to score a century in all ten Test playing nations.[6] With 200 catches, Dravid currently holds the world record for the highest number of catches in Test cricket.[7] Dravid has also been involved in more than 80 century partnerships with 18 different partners and has been involved in 19 century partnerships with Sachin Tendulkar — a world record.[8]

Contents 1 Personal life 2 Early years 3 International career 4 Dravid in World Cups 5 Style 6 Personal records

o 6.1 Testso 6.2 One Dayers

7 Captaincy o 7.1 Achievementso 7.2 Criticism

8 Teams o 8.1 Internationalo 8.2 Indian first-classo 8.3 Indian Premier Leagueo 8.4 English county

9 Timeline 10 Career highlights

o 10.1 Testso 10.2 One-Day Internationals

11 Achievements o 11.1 Awardso 11.2 Test Cricket Awards



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hindu




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http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1267305.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rahul_Dravid.ogg

o 11.3 ODI Matcheso 11.4 Career Best Performances

12 Controversies o 12.1 Ball-Tampering Incident

13 Biographies o 13.1 Endorsements

14 References o 14.1 External links

Personal lifeDravid was born in Indore, Madhya Pradesh[9] into a Maharashtrian Deshastha family[10] living in Karnataka. His paternal ancestors were Iyers from Thanjavur,[11] Tamil Nadu.He grew up in Bangalore, Karnataka.[12] He has a younger brother, Vijay. Both the brothers grew up in a simple middle class atmosphere. Dravid's father worked for Kissan, a company known for producing jams and preserves and thus he earned the nickname Jammy from his teammates at St. Joseph's Boys' High School, Bangalore. His mother, Pushpa, was a professor of Architecture at Bangalore University.[13] Rahul Dravid has a degree in commerce from St Joseph's College of Commerce Bangalore, Karnataka. On 4 May 2003, he married Dr. Vijeta Pendharkar, a surgeon from Nagpur[14] and on 11 October 2005, their son, Samit, was born.[15] On 27 April 2009, Vijeta gave birth to their second son, Anvay.[16]

Early yearsDravid started playing cricket at the age of 12, and represented the state at the under-15, under-17 and under-19 level.[17] Rahul's talents were first spotted by former cricketer Keki Tarapore who was coaching at a summer coaching camp at the Chinnaswamy Stadium.[18] He went on to score a century on debut for his school team.[12] Along with the batting, he was keeping wickets. However, he later stopped keeping wickets on advice from former Test players Gundappa Vishwanath, Roger Binny, Brijesh Patel and Tarapore.

He was selected to make his Ranji Trophy debut in February 1991 against Maharashtra in Pune (while still attending college at St. Joseph's College of Commerce in Bangalore), alongside future Indian teammates Anil Kumble and Javagal Srinath, scoring 82 in a drawn match after batting in the No. 7 position.[19] His first full season was in 1991-92, when he scored two centuries to finish with 380 runs at an average of 63.3,[20] and was selected for South Zone in the Duleep Trophy.[21]


Dravid in action during a Test match


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rahul_cropped.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rahul_cropped.jpg

Dravid had a disappointing start to his career making his debut in one-dayers against Sri Lankan cricket team in the Singer Cup in Singapore immediately after World Cup in March 1996, replacing Vinod Kambli. Subsequently, he was dropped from the team, until he was picked again for the tour of England.

He then made his debut in the Second Test against England along with Sourav Ganguly,when Sanjay Manjrekar got injured after the first Test match on that tour.

Rahul scored 95[22] and held his position on Manjrekar's return for the Third Test, scoring 84.[23] After moderate performance in home series against Australia and South Africa, Dravid broke through on the 1996-97 tour of South Africa. He batted at No. 3 in the third Test in Johannesburg, scoring his maiden century with 148 and 81, the top score in each innings to claim his first man of the match award.[24] He made his first half-century against Pakistan in the Sahara Cup in 1996, scoring 90 in his 10th ODI.[25]

In the 18 months ending in mid-1998, he played in an away series against the West Indies, home and away series against Sri Lanka and a home series against Australia, he scored consistently, with 964 runs at an average of 56.7. He scored eleven half-centuries but was unable to convert them to triple figures[citation needed]. He scored his second century in late 1998 against Zimbabwe in a one-off Test match, top-scoring in both innings with 148 and 44, but was unable to prevent an Indian defeat[citation needed]. He became the third Indian batsman after Vijay Hazare and Sunil Gavaskar to score centuries in both innings of a match during the 1999 New Year's Test match against New Zealand with 190 and 103* to force a draw.[26][27] He had a moderate season in the subcontinent in early 1999, scoring 269 runs at an average of 38.42 with one century before scoring 239 at an average of 39.8 including a century against New Zealand in late 1999[citation needed]. This was followed by a poor away series against Australia and another poor home series against South Africa, accumulating just 187 runs at an average of 18.7. He then scored 200*, his first double century, against Zimbabwe in Delhi, which along with 70* in the second innings helped India to victory. It was the first time he had passed 50 in 12 months and he followed this with a 162 in the following Test, giving him 432 runs in the two match series at an average of 432[citation needed].

Dravid gestures while fielding during a Test match against Sri Lanka in Galle in 2008.

In the second test of a three match test series against Australia at Kolkata in 2001, Dravid joined hands with VVS Laxman to produce one of the greatest comeback victories in the history of the game. Following on, the pair put on 376 runs for the fifth wicket in the second innings of the match. Dravid scored 180 while Laxman made 281.[28] Though Dravid ended up second-best, it remains one of his greatest performances till date. Later that year in Port Elizabeth against South Africa, he made a crucial match-saving 87 runs in the second innings to deny South Africa the win.[29]

2002 was the year, when Dravid started to emerge out of Tendulkar's shadow and established himself as India's premier Test batsman. In the month of April, at Georgetown, West Indies in first test match of the series, he scored an unbeaten 144[30] in the first innings after being hit by a Mervyn Dillon delivery. Later that year, he raked up four consecutive centuries against England (3) and West Indies (1). In August 2002, against England at Headingley Stadium, Leeds in the third test match of the series, he scored a 148 in the first innings on a seamer-friendly to set up a famous Indian win.[31] He won the man of the match award for this performance. Dravid's astonishing aggregate of 602 runs in the four match test series against England also fetched him the man of the series award.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rahul_Dravid_-_moving_the_field.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rahul_Dravid_-_moving_the_field.jpg

In 2003-2004 season, Dravid scored three double centuries, one each against New Zealand, Australia and Pakistan. Against Australia at Adelaide in second match of the four match series, the batting pair of Dravid and VVS Laxman proved to be Australia's nemesis again. In the first innings, India were looking down the barrel at 4 wickets down for 85 runs in reply to Australia's massive 556 when the duo joined hands. By the time their partnership was broken, the pair had put on 303 runs. Laxman was dismissed for 148 while Dravid went on make 233. At that time, this was the highest individual score by an Indian batsman overseas. By the time Dravid was done, India was only 33 short of Australia's first innings score. Dravid followed this with an unbeaten 72 under immense pressure in the second innings to set up a famous victory.[32] Dravid scored 619 runs in that four-match series against Australia at an average of 103.16 and won the man of the series award. During the later part of the season, Dravid, in Ganguly's absence, led India to its first test victory over Pakistan in Pakistan in the first test match at Multan. In the third and the final match of the series At Rawalpindi, Dravid stroked a masterly 270 to take India to a historic test series win over Pakistan.[33] In 2010 scored 191 run in inning to reach 31st test century.

On 16 August 2009 Dravid was called back to the Indian ODI team following his good show at that years IPL and the struggle of the younger players' problems against the short ball.

Dravid in World CupsDravid was top scorer in the 7th World Cup (1999), scoring 461 runs. He is the only Indian to score two back to back centuries at the World Cup. He scored 110 vs Kenya and followed it with a masterly 145 against Sri Lanka in Taunton, in a match where he kept wickets. He was vice captain during 2003 World cup where India reached the final, serving his team in the dual capacity of a batsman and wicket keeper to accommodate an additional batsman, a move that paid huge dividends for India. Dravid was the captain during the 2007 cricket world cup in West Indies, where Indian cricket team had a dismal campaign.

StyleWith a strong technique, he has been the backbone for the Indian cricket team. Beginning with the reputation of being a defensive batsman who should be confined to Test cricket, he was dropped from ODIs as he was slow in making runs. However, in a period of his career he began consistently scoring runs in ODIs as well, earning him the award of ICC player of the year. His nickname of 'The Wall' in Reebok advertisements has now become a tribute to his consistency. Dravid has scored 31 centuries in Test cricket at an average of 53.31, including 5 double centuries. In one-dayers too he has an impressive average of 39.49, although at a strike rate of 71.22. He is one of the few Indians who average more at away Test matches than at home, averaging about 5 more runs a match abroad than on Indian pitches.[34] As of 23 September 2010, Dravid's average in overseas Tests stood at 55.53 as against his home Test average of 50.76,[34] and his average for away ODI stands at 37.93[35] as against home ODI average of 43.11.[36] In matches that India has won, Dravid averages 66.34 in Tests[37] and 50.69 in ODIs.[38]

Dravid's sole Test wicket was that of Ridley Jacobs in the fourth Test against the West Indies during the 2001-2002 series. While he has no pretensions to being a bowler, Dravid often kept wicket for India in ODIs. He has since delegated the wicket-keeping gloves, first to Parthiv Patel and more recently to Mahendra Singh Dhoni. Dravid is now purely a batsman, one who has averaged 63.51 in matches played since 1 January 2000.

Dravid was involved in two of the largest partnerships in ODIs: a 318-run partnership with Sourav Ganguly, the first pair to combine for a 300-run partnership, and then a 331-run partnership with Sachin Tendulkar, which is the present world record. He also holds the record for the greatest number of innings since debut before being dismissed for a duck. His highest scores in ODIs and Tests are 153 and 270 respectively. Uniquely, each of his five double centuries in Tests was a higher score than his previous double century (200*, 217, 222, 233, 270).


Also, Dravid is the current world record holder for the highest percentage(%) contribution of runs scored in matches won under a single captain, where the captain has won more than 20 Tests.[39] In the 21 Test matches India won under Sourav Ganguly's leadership, Dravid played his part in every single one of those wins, scoring at a record average of 102.84 and piling up an astonishing 2571 runs, with nine hundreds - three of them double-centuries - and ten fifties in 32 innings. He contributed nearly 23% of the total runs scored by India those 21 matches, which is almost one run out of every four runs the team scored.

An innings-by-innings breakdown of Dravid's Test match batting career, showing runs scored (red bars) and the average of the last ten innings (blue line).

He was named one of the Wisden cricketers of the year 2000. Though primarily a defensive batsman,Dravid has scored 50 not out in 22 balls(Strike Rate-227.27)vs NewZealand in Hydrabad on 15 Nov,2003,second fastest 50 among Indians.Only Ajit Agarkar 67 of 21 balls is faster than Dravid.

In 2004, Dravid was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India. On 7 September 2004, he was awarded the inaugural Player of the year award and the Test player of the year by the International Cricket Council, ICC (associated image below). Dravid's batting average of 95.46 in the past year has made him the only Indian to be in the Test team of the year. On 18 March 2006, Dravid played his 100th Test against England in Mumbai.

In 2005, a biography of Rahul Dravid written by Devendra Prabhudesai was published, 'The Nice Guy Who Finished First'.

In the 2005 ICC Awards he was the only Indian to be named to the World one-day XI.

In 2006, it was announced that he would remain captain of the Indian team up to the 2007 World Cup in the West Indies.

After the England Series however, he stepped down as captain of India due to personal reasons. Mahendra Singh Dhoni took over as ODI captain. Anil Kumble replaced him in test matches.

In 2007, he was dropped from the Indian ODI Squad following poor series against Australia. Dravid went back to play for Karnataka in the Ranji Trophy, scoring 218 against Mumbai.

In 2008, he made 93 in the first innings of the Perth test, the highest score of the match, to help India win and make the series 1-2. However, he was ignored by selectors for the subsequent one-day tri-series.

After a barren run in Test matches in 2008, Dravid came under increasing media pressure to retire or be dropped. In the Second Test against England in Mohali, he scored 136, putting on a triple-century stand with Gautam Gambhir.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rahul_Dravid_Graph.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rahul_Dravid_Graph.png

After reaching 10,000 test runs milestone, he was quoted saying, "It's a proud moment for sure. For me, growing up, I dreamt of playing for India. When I look back, I probably exceeded my expectations with what I have done over the last 10 to 12 years. I never had an ambition to do it because I never believed - it is just a reflection of my longevity in the game."[40]

Personal records

Tests

Dravid holds the world record for being the first (and only) non-wicketkeeper to take 200 catches in Test cricket. As of 27-12-2010, he is way ahead of Mark Waugh (181 catches) and Ricky Ponting (177 catches)[41]

Dravid is the 2nd Indian (3rd in World) to score more than 12,000 test runs. Has been involved in the most century partnerships in Test history - 85 (23 nov 2009). Scored nearly 23% of the total runs put up by India (with a batting average of 102.84) in the 21 Test

matches won under Ganguly's captaincy. This is the highest percentage contribution by any batsman in Test cricket history in matches won under a single captain where the captain has won more than 20 Tests.[39]

2nd longest streak of consecutive Tests since debut (93 + 1 in ICC XI) missed 95th test at Ahmedabad due to fever, behind Adam Gilchrist (96).

First player to score a century against every Test playing nation away from home,[42]

Involved in highest partnership made away from home for any wicket for India with vice captain Virender Sehwag of 410 runs vs Pakistan at Lahore in 2006 (also, the highest partnership between a captain and the vice captain). Only Pankaj Roy and Vinoo Mankad have scored more runs in a partnership for India, 413 vs New Zealand in Chennai (6-11 Jan 1956).

Dravid is one among the only three batsmen to hit Test centuries in four consecutive innings. The other two are Jack Fingleton and Alan Melville. Dravid achieved this by hitting scores of 115, 148, 217 and 100* in three successive matches against England and one against the West Indies. Only Everton Weekes, with centuries in five consecutive innings, has achieved a longer sequence of consecutive Test hundreds.[43]

With scores of 50 or more in 7 consecutive Tests Dravid is behind only to Tendulkar (8) and Gambhir (11) among Indian batsmen. Gambhir and Viv Richards hold the world record with 11.

He is currently 2nd among batsmen who have scored most away runs in Tests (6430 as of April 2009). Only Sachin Tendulkar (7165) has scored more away Test runs.

He has played 150 innings of 94 tests at number 3. He has scored more than 8000 runs at this position. Both feats are world records.

2nd Indian batsman to score twin hundreds in a Test twice, after Sunil Gavaskar. Gavaskar and Ponting are the only batsmen to score twin hundreds in a Test thrice.

One of only three Indians to score 5 double hundreds.(each bigger than the previous 200* vs Zimbabwe, 217 vs England, 222 vs New Zealand, 233 vs Australia, 270 vs Pakistan). In fact, along with Virender Sehwag and Sachin Tendulkar, he is one of only three Indians to score 190+ on seven occasions.

Partnering with Tendulkar, has scored more runs than any other pair, excluding opening pairs. They are the 3rd best in terms of total number of partnership runs scored by a pair in test cricket.[44]

Dravid has faced highest number of deliveries in test cricket, more than Allan Border's previous record of 27002 deliveries.[45]

2nd highest number of fifties in test cricket after Australia's Allan Border (63) and jointly shared with compatriot Sachin Tendulkar (59)

Rahul Dravid is the third batsman in the world after compatriot Sachin Tendulkar and Australia's Ricky Ponting to reach the 12000-run milestone in test cricket.

One Dayers

Dravid is the 3rd Indian (6th in World) to score more than 10,000 ODI runs.Dhaneswar Majhi ([email protected])

Partnership Records

The only batsman to have been involved in two ODI partnerships exceeding 300 runs. First batsman to be involved in a 300 run partnership in a Cricket World Cup along with Sourav

Ganguly in the 1999 World Cup match against Sri Lanka at Taunton. Involved in all three highest 4th wicket partnerships against South Africa, two with Yuvraj Singh. Involved in the highest partnership in the history of ODI cricket with a 331 run partnership along

with Sachin Tendulkar vs New Zealand at Hyderabad in 1999-2000. Involved in highest 3rd wicket partnership in ODI history with Sachin Tendulkar - 237 runs against

Kenya in 1999.

World Cup Records

He was the leading run scorer in the 1999 World Cup with 461 runs. Has the 2nd highest score (145) by a wicketkeeper in a World Cup behind AC Gilchrist(149). He was only the second wicketkeeper-batsman after Zimbabwean Dave Houghton to score an ODI

hundred in the World Cup. He was the second batsman after Mark Waugh to score back-to-back hundreds in the World Cup

Captaincy Records

He is tied with Sachin Tendulkar in fourth place for having captained India in the most victorious matches

Other Records

Has the record of not being dismissed on duck for 120 consecutive ODI matches 3rd Highest number of fifties, after India's Sachin Tendulkar (93) and Pakistan's Inzamam-ul-Haq

(83) at 82.

Captaincy

Achievements

Rahul Dravid is only one of two Indians to be the top scorer in a World Cup (the other is Sachin Tendulkar). He amassed 461 runs in the 1999 World Cup, the first World Cup he played.

Rahul Dravid led India to a historic Test series win, against the West Indies in their home soil in 2006. Since 1971, India had never won a Test series in the West Indies. This was also their first prominent series win outside the Indian subcontinent (barring the win against Zimbabwe in 2005) since 1986.

Under Dravid's captaincy the Indian team tied the previous record of most consecutive One-Day International wins for an Indian team thus equalling the record run that the Indian team had achieved under Sourav Ganguly in the 2003 World Cup in South Africa (8). This was later beaten by Mahendra Singh Dhoni who led Indian team to 9 consecutive victories in 2008-2009.

During his captaincy the Indian team broke the record for most consecutive won matches in One-Day Internationals while batting second (previously held by the West Indies). For this 17 match run, Dravid was the captain for 15 matches and Sourav Ganguly was the captain for the other two. This streak was broken on 20 May 2006, when India lost to the West Indies by one run, at Sabina Park, Jamaica.


Rahul Dravid was the first captain to lead India to a Test match victory against South Africa on South African soil.

He became only the third captain from India to win a Test series in England. The other two captains being Kapil Dev (1986) and Ajit Wadekar (1971).

He has hit 10,000 runs in both tests and one day internationals, making him only the third batsmen after Tendulkar and Lara to achieve this feat. Only Ricky Ponting has since equalled this feat.

He holds the record of number of catches in Test cricket by a non-wicket keeper.

The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (April 2011)

Criticism

One of Dravid's most debated decisions was taken in March 2004, when he was standing in as captain for an injured Sourav Ganguly. The Indian first innings was declared at a point when Sachin Tendulkar was at 194 with 16 overs remaining on Day 2.[46]

Rahul Dravid has had a mixed record when leading India in Tests. India lost the Karachi Test in 2006, giving Pakistan the series 1-0. In March 2006, India lost the Mumbai Test, giving England its first Test victory in India since 1985, enabling Flintoff's men to draw the series 1-1. While the loss in Karachi could be put down to several Indian batsmen playing badly, the defeat in Mumbai was arguably the result of Dravid's decision to bowl first on a flat dry pitch which later deteriorated and ended with an Indian collapse in the run chase. Coincidentally, it was Dravid's 100th test match in which the Indians were all out for 100 runs in the second innings.

He was criticised by Vijay Mallya for not picking the team with right balance after the Bangalore Royal Challengers finished seventh out of the eight teams that played in the 2008 Indian Premier League.[47]

After India failed to qualify for the Finals of the DLF Cup, Indian skipper Rahul Dravid was criticised by former all-rounder Ravi Shastri who said that he was not assertive enough and let Greg Chappell make too many decisions.[48] When asked for a response, Dravid said that Shastri, while a 'fair critic', was 'not privy' to the internal decision-making process of the team.[49]

Teams

International

India (current) ACC Asian XI ICC World XI MCC

Indian first-class

Karnataka South Zone

Indian Premier League

Royal Challengers Bangalore Rajasthan Royals


English county

Kent Scotland

Timeline 1973 - Born 11 January 1973, in Indore 1984 - Attended a summer coaching camp at KSCA's Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore, where his

talents were spotted by former cricketer turned coach Keki Tarapore (There was another Keki Tarapore [Mumbai, deceased] with whom people confuse this gentleman who also passed on.)

Scores his first century in an unofficial match for his school team St. Joseph's against St. Anthony's. Scores a double hundred for the Karnataka schools team which he smashed against Kerala. Selected for the under-15 Karnataka team. Stops keeping wickets on advice from Gundappa Vishwanath, Roger Binny, Brijesh Patel and coach

Keki Tarapore. 1985 - Gets recognised in Bangalore as a prodigy after becoming the first ever to score a century in

the Cottonian Shield inter school tournament (Juniors) for St. Josephs High School against Baldwin Boys' High School, in the final.

1991 - Ranji debut against Maharashtra. 1996 - Double century in Ranji finals, vs. Tamil Nadu. 1996 - Test debut at Lords, England after Sanjay Manjrekar was injured and Navjot Singh Sidhu

flew back home after a fracas with captain Azharuddin. Makes 95. 1997 - Maiden Test hundred (148), vs. South Africa, third Test, Johannesburg. 1997 - First one day hundred (107), vs. Pakistan, Independence Cup, Chennai. 1998 - Dropped from One Day squad for the ODI tournament in Bangladesh. 1999 - Hundred in both innings (190,103) against New Zealand in Hamilton. 1999 - Makes 461 runs, including three 50s and two 100s in World Cup. 1999 - Signs up with Kent for the 2000 English county season. 2001 - Scores 180, while V. V. S. Laxman makes 281, in a fifth-wicket stand of 376 as India defeat

Australia at Eden Gardens, ending 16 Test-winning streak by Australia. 2004 - Career best 270 against Pakistan, at Rawalpindi. 2005 - Succeeds Sourav Ganguly as Test and ODI captain. 2005 - The Nice Guy Who Finished First by Devendra Prabhudesai, released by coach Greg

Chappell. 2006 - Scores first century as captain, at Lahore, vs. Pakistan. 2006 - Contributed in a remarkable 410 runs partnership with Sehwag at Multan. 2006 - Leads India to snatch their first ever test victory on South African Soil. 2007 - Leads India in the 2007 Cricket World Cup, held in West Indies. 2007 - After India's tour of England, resigns from Indian captaincy. 2007 - Dropped from the Indian ODI Squad after poor series against Australia. 2008 - Reached the landmark of 10000 Test runs, in the first Test of the series against South Africa

in Chennai on 29 March 2009 - Reached the catching record for a fielder in test cricket with 182 catches, in the third test

against New Zealand in Wellington on 6 April. 2010 - Reached the landmark of taking 200 catches by a non-wicketkeeper in tests, against South

Africa at Durban on 28 December

File:Dravid2812 630.jpg

Career highlights

TestsDhaneswar Majhi ([email protected])

Test Debut: vs England, Lord's, 1996

Dravid's best Test batting score of 270 was made against Pakistan, Rawalpindi, 2003–2004 His best Test bowling figures of 1 for 18 came against West Indies, St. John's, 2001–2002 He is only the third Indian to score over 10,000 Test runs, following Sunil Gavaskar and Sachin

Tendulkar. He is the fastest batsman in the history of Test cricket to make 9,000 runs. The former Indian captain

brought up the landmark in his 176th innings playing against West Indies in 2006 and broke the earlier record of Brian Lara

He has the most catches for a fielder in Test cricket with 200 catches, beating Mark Waugh's tally of 181 catches when he caught New Zealand opener Tim McIntosh in New Zealand's second innings of the third test at the Basin Reserve in Wellington.

Break-up of catches against each country in Tests vs Australia: 47 in 29 Tests vs Bangladesh: 13 in 7 Tests vs England: 26 in 17 Tests vs New Zealand: 17 in 15 Tests vs Pakistan: 19 in 15 Tests vs South Africa: 21 in 20 Tests vs Sri Lanka: 16 in 20 Tests vs West Indies: 20 in 17 Tests vs Zimbabwe: 21 in 9 Tests

Milestone Catches Catch No. 1: Nasser Hussain off Javagal Srinath in first Test. Catch No. 50: Ricky Ponting off Harbhajan Singh in 43rd Test. Catch No. 100: Shane Warne off Harbhajan Singh in 79th Test. Catch No. 150: Andrew Strauss off Anil Kumble in 110th Test. Catch No. 200: Dale Steyn off Harbhajan Singh in 149th Test.

One-Day Internationals

ODI Debut: vs Sri Lanka, Singapore, 1995–1996

Dravid's best ODI batting score of 153 was made against New Zealand, Hyderabad, 1999–2000 His best ODI bowling figures of 2 for 43 came against South Africa, Kochi, 1999–2000 6th player and 3rd Indian to score 10,000 runs. He broke the barrier by scoring 66 against Sri Lanka

and levelling the series 1-1. Only player to be involved in 2 partnerships of 300+. In one-day internationals the highest is 318, by left-hander Sourav Ganguly (183) and the right-

handed Rahul Dravid (145) for India v Sri Lanka in Taunton during the 1999 World Cup. The other higher stand in ODIs - 331 - involved Dravid and right-hander, Sachin Tendulkar came in

Hyderabad later in 1999 against New Zealand.

AchievementsSee also: List of international cricket centuries by Rahul Dravid

Awards

1998: Arjuna award 1999: Ceat Cricketer of the 1999 World Cup 2000: Wisden Cricketer of the Year 2000[50]

2004: Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy Winner (Awarded for ICC Player of the Year)[51]

2004: Padma Shri[52]

2004: ICC Test Player of The Year,[51] MTV Youth Icon of the Year for 2004 2006: Captain of the ICC's Test Team[53]

Test Cricket Awards

Test Match - Man of the Series Awards:



1 India in England Test Series 2002 602 (4 Matches, 6 Innings, 3x100, 1x50); 10 Catches

2 Border-Gavaskar Trophy (India in Australia Test Series) 2003/04 619 Runs (4 Matches, 8 Innings, 1x100, 3x50);

4 Catches

3 India in West Indies Test Series 2006 496 Runs (4 Matches, 7 Innings, 1x100, 4x50); 8 Catches

Test Matches - Man of the Match Awards:


1 South Africa Wanderers, Johannesburg 1996/97

1st Innings: 148 (21x4); 1 Catch2nd Innings: 81 (11x4); 1 Catch

2 West Indies Bourda, Georgetown 1996/97 1st Innings: 92 (8x4, 1x6)

3 England Headingley, Leeds 2002/03 1st Innings: 148 (23x4)2nd Innings: 3 Catches

4 England The Oval, London 2002/03 1st Innings: 217 (28x4); 3 Catches

5 New Zealand Motera, Ahmedabad 2003/04

1st Innings: 222 (28x4, 1x6); 2 Catches2nd Innings: 73 (6x4); 1 Catch

6 Australia Adelaide Oval, Adelaide 2003/04

1st Innings: 233 (23x4, 1x6); 1 Catch2nd Innings: 72* (7x4); 2 Catches

7 Pakistan Rawalpindi 2003/04 1st Innings: 270 (34x4, 1x6)2nd Innings: 1 Catch

8 Pakistan Eden Gardens, Kolkata 2004/051st Innings: 110 (15x4, 1x6); 1 Catch2nd Innings: 135 (15x4)

9 West Indies Sabina Park, Kingston 20061st Innings: 81 (10x4)2nd Innings: 68 (12x4); 1 Catch

10 New Zealand

Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium, Nagpur 2010 1st Innings: 191 (21x4)

ODI Matches

ODI Matches - Man of the Match Awards:


1 Pakistan Toronto 1996 46 (93b, 3x4)

2 South Africa Kingsmead, Durban 1996/97 84 (94b, 5x4, 1x6); 1 Catch


3 New Zealand Taupo 1998/99 123* (123b, 10x4, 1x6)

4 New Zealand Eden Park, Auckland 1998/99 51 (71b, 5x4, 1x6)

5 West Indies Toronto 1999 77 (87b, 6x4, 2x6); 4 Catches6 Zimbabwe Bulawayo 2001 72* (64b, 7x4, 1x6)7 Sri Lanka Edgbaston, Birmingham 2002 64 (95b, 5x4, 1x6); 1 Catch

8 UAE Dambulla 2004 104 (93b, 8x4); 1 Catch, 1 Stumping

9 West Indies Dambulla 2005 52* (65b, 7x4), 1 Catch

10 Sri Lanka Vidharba CA Ground, Nagpur 2005/06 85 (63b, 8x4, 1x6); 1 Catch

11 South Africa Mumbai 2005/06 78* (106b, 10x4)

12 Pakistan Abu Dhabi 2005/06 92 (116b, 10x4); 1 Catch

13 West Indies Sabina Park, Kingston 2006 105 (102b, 10x4, 2x6); 1 Catch

14 England Edgbaston 2007 92* (63b, 7x4, 1x6)

Career Best Performances

as of 24 September 2010

Batting BowlingScore Fixture Venue Season Score Fixture Venue Season

Tests 270 India v Pakistan Rawalpindi 2004 1-18 India v West Indies

St. John's 2002

ODI 153 India v New Zealand Hyderabad (LBS) 1999 2-43 India v South

Africa Kochi 2000

FC 270 India v Pakistan Rawalpindi 2004 2-16 Kent v Surrey The Oval 2000

LA 153 India v New Zealand Hyderabad (LBS) 1999 2-43 India v South

Africa Kochi 2000

T20 75* Royal Challengers Bangalore v Rajasthan Royals Jaipur 2008 n/a

Controversies

Ball-Tampering Incident

In January 2004 Dravid was found guilty of ball tampering during an ODI with Zimbabwe. Match referee Clive Lloyd adjudged the application of an energy sweet to the ball as a deliberate offence although Dravid himself denied this was his intent.[54] Lloyd emphasised that television footage caught Dravid putting a lozenge on the ball during the Zimbabwean innings on Tuesday night at the Gabba.[54] According to the ICC's Code of Conduct, players are not allowed to apply substances to the ball other than sweat and saliva.[54] Dravid was fined half of his earnings from the match.[54]

Indian coach John Wright came out in defence of Dravid, stating that "It was an innocent mistake". Wright argued that Dravid had been trying to apply saliva to the ball when parts of a losenge he had been chewing stuck to the ball; Dravid then tried to wipe it off.[55] ICC regulations prevented Dravid from commenting


about the issue, but former Indian captain Sourav Ganguly also stated that Dravid's act was "just an accident".[55]

BiographiesRahul Dravid has 2 biographies written on his career:

Rahul Dravid - A Biography written by Vedam Jaishankar (ISBN 81-7476-481-X). Publisher: UBSPD Publications. Date: January 2004[56]

The Nice Guy Who Finished First written by Devendra Prabhudesai. Publisher: Rupa Publications. Date: November 2005[57]

Endorsements

Reebok: 1996 - present[58]

Pepsi: 1997 present[59]

Kissan: Unknown[60]

Castrol: 2001 - present[61]

Hutch: 2003[citation needed]

Karnataka Tourism: 2004[62]

Max Life: 2005 - present[63]

Bank of Baroda: 2005 - present[64]

Citizen: 2006 - present[65]

Skyline Construction: 2006 - present[66]

Sansui: 2007[67]

Gillette: 2007 - present[68]

Samsung: 2002[69] - 2004[70]

Social Commitments:

Children's Movement for Civic Awareness (CMCA)[71][72]

UNICEF Supporter and AIDS Awareness Campaign[73]

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External links


Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rahul Dravid

Cricinfo Player Profile : Rahul Dravid CricketFundas Interview with Rahul Dravid HindustanTimes.com Player Profile HowSTAT! statistical profile on Rahul Dravid PwC Batsman Rankings Rahul Dravid-ToI

SOURAV CHANDIDAS GANGULYSourav Chandidas Ganguly (Bengali: স�ৌরভ গাঙ্গলুী; pronunciation (help·info); born 8 July 1972) is a former Indian cricketer, and captain of the Indian national team. Born into an affluent family, Ganguly was introduced into the world of cricket by his elder brother Snehasish. He is regarded as one of India's most successful captains in modern times[1]. He started his career by playing in state and school teams. Currently, he is the 5th highest run scorer in One Day Internationals (ODIs) and was the 5th person in history to cross the 10,000 run landmark. He is only the 2nd Indian to cross that mark in ODIs, after Sachin Tendulkar. Wisden ranked him the sixth greatest one day international batsman of all time, next to Viv Richards, Sachin Tendulkar, Brian Lara, Dean Jones and Michael Bevan.[2]

After a series of playing in different Indian domestic tournaments such as the Ranji and Duleep trophies, Ganguly got his big-break while playing for India on their tour of England. He scored 131 runs and cemented his place in the Indian team. Ganguly's place in the team was assured after successful performances in series against Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Australia, winning the Man of the Match awards. In the 1999 Cricket World Cup, he was involved in a partnership of 318 runs with Rahul Dravid, which remains the highest overall partnership score in the World Cup tournament history.

Due to the match-fixing scandals in 2000 by other players of the team, and for his poor health, Indian captain Sachin Tendulkar resigned his position, and Ganguly was made the captain of the Indian cricket team. He was soon the subject of media criticism after an unsuccessful stint for county side Durham and for taking off his shirt in the final of the 2002 Natwest Trophy. He led India into the 2003 World Cup final, where they were defeated by Australia. Due to a decrease in individual performance, he was dropped from the team in the following year. Ganguly was awarded the Padma Shri in 2004, one of India's highest civilian awards. He returned to the National team in 2006, and made successful batting displays. Around this time, he became involved in a dispute with Indian team coach Greg Chappell over several misunderstandings. Ganguly was again dropped from the team, however he was selected to play in the 2007 Cricket World Cup.

Ganguly joined the Kolkata Knight Riders team as captain for the Indian Premier League Twenty20 cricket tournament in 2008. The same year, after a home Test series against Australia, he announced his retirement international from cricket. He continued to play for the Bengal team and was appointed the chairman of the Cricket Association of Bengal's Cricket Development Committee. The left-handed Ganguly was a prolific One Day International (ODI) batsman, with over 11,000 ODI runs to his credit. He is one of the most successful Indian Test captains to date, winning 21 out of 49 test matches. An aggressive captain, Ganguly is credited with having nurtured the careers of many young players who played under him, and transforming the Indian team into an aggressive fighting unit.

Contents


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_Cricket


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_Association_of_Bengal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty20

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Premier_League

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_Knight_Riders


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Chappell



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends_Provident_Trophy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_cricket


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahul_Dravid


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_of_the_Match

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_national_cricket_team


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranji_trophy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sourav_Ganguly#cite_note-1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bevan


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Lara




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisden_Cricketers'_Almanack


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Day_Internationals


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snehasish_Ganguly

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_cricket_team

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India

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1 Biography o 1.1 1972–89: Early life and introduction to cricketo 1.2 1990–96: Career beginning and debut successo 1.3 1997–99: Marriage, Opening in ODIs and World Cup '99o 1.4 2000–05: Ascension to captaincy and accoladeso 1.5 2006–07: Comeback and rift with Greg Chappello 1.6 2008–present: International retirement and the Indian Premier League

2 Playing style and influences 3 Legacy 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links

Biography

1972–89: Early life and introduction to cricket

Sourav Ganguly was born on 8 July 1972 in Calcutta, and is the youngest son of Chandidas and Nirupa Ganguly.[3][4] Chandidas ran a flourishing print business and was one of the richest men in the city.[5] Ganguly had a luxurious childhood and was nicknamed the 'Maharaja', meaning the 'Great King'. Since the favourite sport for the people of Calcutta was the game of football, Ganguly was initially attracted to the game. However, academics came in-between his love for sports and Nirupa was not very supportive of Ganguly taking up cricket or any other sport as a career.[6][7] By then, his elder brother Snehasish was already an established cricketer for the Bengal cricket team. He supported Ganguly's dream to be a cricketer and asked their father to get Ganguly enrolled in a cricket coaching camp during his summer holidays. Ganguly was studying in tenth grade at that time.[8]

Despite being right-handed, Ganguly learnt to bat left-handed so he could use his brother's sporting equipment.[6] After he showed some promise as a batsman, he was enrolled in a cricket academy. An indoor multi-gym and concrete wicket was built at their home, so he and Snehasish could practice the game. They used to watch a number of old cricket match videos, especially the games played by David Gower, whom Ganguly admired.[5] After he scored a century against the Orissa Under–15 side, he was made captain of St Xavier's School's cricket team, where several of his teammates complained against what they perceived to be his arrogance.[6][9] While touring with a junior team, Ganguly refused his turn as the twelfth man, as he reportedly felt that the duties involved, which included organising equipment and drinks for the players, and delivering messages, were beneath his social status.[10] Ganguly purportedly refused to do such tasks as he considered it beneath his social status to assist his teammates in such a way.[11] However, his playmanship gave him a chance to make his first-class cricket debut for Bengal in 1989, the same year that his brother was dropped from the team.[6][12]

1990–96: Career beginning and debut success



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The Lord's Pavillion

Following a prolific Ranji season in 1990–91,[13] Ganguly scored three runs in his One Day International (ODI) debut for India against the West Indies in 1992.[3][14] He was dropped immediately since he was perceived to be "arrogant" and his attitude towards the game was openly questioned. It was rumored that Ganguly refused to carry drinks for his teammates, commenting that it was not his job to do so, later denied by him. Consequently, he was removed from the team.[6][11] He toiled away in domestic cricket, scoring heavily in the 1993–94 and 1994–95 Ranji seasons.[15][16] Following an innings of 171 in the 1995–96 Duleep Trophy, he was recalled to the National team for a tour of England in 1996, in the middle of intense media scrutiny.[17] He played in a single ODI,[18] but was omitted from the team for the first Test. However, after teammate Navjot Singh Sidhu left the touring, citing ill-treatment by then captain Mohammad Azharuddin,[19][20] Ganguly made his Test debut against England in the Second Test of a three-match series at Lord's Cricket Ground alongside Rahul Dravid.[21] England had won the First Test of the three-match series; however, Ganguly scored a century, becoming only the third cricketer to achieve such a feat on debut at Lord's, after Harry Graham and John Hampshire. Andrew Strauss and Matt Prior have since accomplished this feat, but Ganguly's 131 still remains the highest by any batsman on his debut at the ground.[20] India was not required to bat in the second innings due to the match ending in a draw.[22] In the next Test match at Trent Bridge he made 136, thus becoming only the third batsman to make a century in each of his first two innings (after Lawrence Rowe and Alvin Kallicharran). He shared a 255 run stand with Sachin Tendulkar, which became at that time the highest partnership for India against any country for any wicket outside India. The Test again ended in a draw, handing England a 1–0 series victory; Ganguly scored 48 in the second innings.[23][24]

1997–99: Marriage, Opening in ODIs and World Cup '99

Ganguly in Sri Lanka in 2008.

Weeks after his successful tour of England, Ganguly eloped with childhood sweetheart Dona Roy. The bride and groom's family were sworn enemies at that point and this news caused an uproar between them. However, both families reconciled and a formal wedding was held in February 1997.[6][25] Same year, Ganguly scored his maiden ODI century by hitting 113, opposed to Sri Lanka's team total of 238. Later that year, he won four consecutive man of the match awards, in the Sahara Cup with Pakistan; the second of these was won after he took five wickets for 16 runs off 10 overs, his best bowling in an ODI. After a barren run in Test cricket his form returned at the end of the year with three centuries in four Tests all against Sri Lanka two of these involved stands with Sachin Tendulkar of over 250.[3]

During the final of the Independence Cup at Dhaka in January 1998, India successfully chased down 315 off 48 overs, and Ganguly won the Man of the Match award.[26] In March 1998 he was part of the Indian team




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that defeated Australia; in Kolkata, he took three wickets having opened the bowling with his medium pace.[27]

Ganguly was part of the Indian team that competed in the 1999 Cricket World Cup in England. During the match against Sri Lanka at Taunton, India chose to bat. After Sadagoppan Ramesh was bowled, Ganguly scored 183 from 158 balls, and hit 17 fours and seven sixes. It became the second highest score in World Cup history and the highest by an Indian in the tournament. His partnership of 318 with Rahul Dravid is the highest overall score in a World Cup and is the second highest in all ODI cricket.[28][29] In 1999–00, India lost Test series to both Australia and South Africa that involved a combined total of five Tests.[30][31] Ganguly struggled scoring 224 runs at 22.40; however his ODI form was impressive, with five centuries over the season taking him to the top of the PwC One Day Ratings for batsmen.[32] Around the same time, allegations came that Ganguly was romantically involved with South Indian actress Nagma, something he denied.[33]

2000–05: Ascension to captaincy and accolades

The shirt that Ganguly took off at the finals of the Natwest Trophy, on display at a store in London.

In 2000, after the match fixing scandal by some of the players of the team,[34] Ganguly was named the Captain of the Indian cricket team. The decision was spurred due to Tendulkar stepping down from the position for his health, and Ganguly being the vice-captain at that time.[6] He began well as a captain, leading India to a series win over South Africa in the five-match one day series and led the Indian team to the finals of the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy.[6] He scored two centuries, including one in the final; however, New Zealand still won by four wickets.[35] The same year, Ganguly tried his hand at County cricket career in England but was not a successful.[36] In "The Wisden Cricketer", reviewers Steve Pittard and John Stern called him as "The imperious Indian—dubbed 'Lord Snooty'". They commented:

"At the crease it was sometimes uncertain whether his partner was a batsman or a batman being dispatched to take his discarded sweater to the pavilion or carry his kit bag. But mutiny was afoot among the lower orders. In one match Ganguly, after reaching his fifty, raised his bat to the home balcony, only to find it deserted. He did not inspire at Glamorgan or Northamptonshire either. At the latter in 2006 he averaged 4.80 from his four first-class appearances."[37]

His Lancashire teammate Andrew Flintoff thought him to be aloof and compared his attitude to that of Prince Charles.[9] In Australia's three Test and five match ODI tour of India in early 2001, Ganguly caused controversy by arriving late for the toss on four occasions, something that agitated opposing captain Steve Waugh.[38] In the Fourth ODI, he caused further controversy by failing to wear his playing attire to the toss, something considered unusual in cricket circles.[39] However, India won the Test series 2–1, ending Australia's run of 16 consecutive Test match victories in the Second Test.[40] The match saw India looking set for defeat after conceding a first innings lead of 274. Waugh chose to enforce the follow-on and V. V. S. Laxman (281) and Rahul Dravid (180) batted for the entire fourth day's play to set Australia a target of 384 on a dusty, spinning wicket. The Australians were unable to survive and became only the third team to lose a Test after enforcing the follow-on.[41][42][43] In November 2001, Ganguly's wife Dona gave birth to their






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daughter Sana Ganguly.[6] At the Border-Gavaskar Trophy of 2001, During the final match of the 2002 Natwest Trophy held in Lords after a stunning performance by team mates Yuvraj Singh and Mohammad Kaif, Ganguly took off his shirt in public and brandished it in the air to celebrate India's winning of the match.[44] He was later strongly condemned for tarnishing the "gentleman's game" image of cricket and disrespecting Lords protocol. Ganguly said that he was only mimicking an act performed by the British all-rounder Andrew Flintoff during a tour of India.[45] In 2003, India reached the World Cup Final for the first time since 1983, where they lost to the Australians.[46] Ganguly had a successful tournament personally, scoring 465 runs at an average of 58.12, including three centuries.[47]

By 2004, he had achieved significant success as captain and was deemed as India's most successful cricket captain by sections of the media. However, his individual performance deteriorated during his captaincy reign, especially after the World Cup, the tour of Australia in 2003 and the Pakistan series in 2004.[48][49] In 2004, Australia won a Test series in India for the first time since 1969. It was speculated that Ganguly was in disagreement with the head of cricket in Nagpur over the type of pitch to be used for the Third Test. The groundsmen went against Ganguly, leaving a large amount of grass on the pitch. Some experts indicated that the reason for this was for "spite or revenge" against the Indian captain. When Australia's stand-in-captain, Adam Gilchrist, went to the toss, he noticed Rahul Dravid was waiting instead of Ganguly, leaving him to ask Dravid where Ganguly was. Dravid could not give a definitive answer, saying: "Oh, who knows?"[38][50]

Following indifferent form in 2004 and poor form in 2005, he was dropped from the team in October 2005.[51] Having been nominated and rejected in 2000, when the game suffered a tarnished reputation due to match fixing scadals,[34] the captaincy was passed to Dravid, his former deputy. Ganguly decided against retiring and attempted to make a comeback to the team.[11] Ganguly was awarded the Padma Shri in 2004, one of India's highest awards. He was presented with the award on June 30, 2004, by then President of India, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.[52][53]

2006–07: Comeback and rift with Greg Chappell

Main article: Chappell Ganguly controversy

Ganguly signing autographs outside his residence.

In September 2005, Greg Chappell became the coach for the India tour of Zimbabwe. Ganguly's dispute with him resulted in many headlines. Chappell had emailed the Board of Control for Cricket in India, stating that Ganguly was "physically and mentally" unfit to lead India and that his "divide and rule" behaviour was damaging the team.[11] This email was leaked to the media and resulted in huge backlash from Ganguly's



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fans. Ganguly had enlisted the support from the Indian media and eventually the board had to intervene and order a truce between the pair.[11] BCCI president Ranbir Singh Mahendra issued a statement that,

"In view of the decision that cricket is to go forward, both the coach and the captain have been asked to work out a mutual and professional working relationship. For this, performance will be the criteria, applicable to captain, coach and players. [...] Of course the captain controls the game, the coach does his own job. Mutual trust is important. Henceforth no player/captain/coach will write or have any interaction with the media. Going to the media will lead to disciplinary action."[54]

Ganguly, Chappell and the Indian team manager for the Zimbabwe tour, Amitabh Choudhary, were asked to appear before the BCCI committee, where it was reported that assurance of working together was given by them.[54] Consequently, due to his poor form and differences with the coach, Ganguly was dropped as the captain of the team, with Dravid taking his place.[55] Chandresh Narayan, chief correspondent for The Times of India, commented that "The row with Greg Chappell just added to the mystery, but he was going through a really bad patch then, his only score [of note] was a hundred against Zimbabwe and that didn't count for much."[11] Ten months later, during India's tour to South Africa, Ganguly was recalled after his middle order replacements Suresh Raina and Mohammad Kaif suffered poor form.[56]

Following India's poor batting display in the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy[57] and the ODI series in South Africa, in which they were whitewashed 4-0,[58] Ganguly made his comeback to the Test team.[59] Wasim Jaffer, Zaheer Khan and Anil Kumble had earlier been selected for the one-day squad, despite their recent poor performances.[60] Many saw this as an indictment of coach Greg Chappell's youth-first policy.[61] Coming in at 37/4, Ganguly scored 83 in a tour match against the rest of South Africa, modifying his original batting style and taking a middle-stump guard,[62] resulting in India winning the match.[63] During his first Test innings since his comeback, against South Africa in Johannesburg his score of 51 helped India to victory, marking the first Test match win for the team in South Africa.[64][65] Though India lost the series, Ganguly accumulated the most runs on the scoring chart.[66] After his successful Test comeback he was recalled for the ODI team, as India played host to West Indies[67] and Sri Lanka[68] in back to back ODI tournaments. In his first ODI innings in almost two years,[69] he scored a matchwinning 98.[70] He performed well in both series, averaging almost 70[69] and won the Man of the Series Award against Sri Lanka.[71]

Ganguly was alloted a place in the official team for the 2007 Cricket World Cup.[72] He was the leading scorer for India in their first round defeat against Bangladesh.[73] After India were knocked out of the tournament in the group stage, there were reports of a rift between certain members of the Indian team and Chappell. Ganguly was alleged to have ignored instructions from the team management to score quickly.[74] After Tendulkar issued a statement saying that what hurt the team most was that "the coach has questioned our attitude", Chappell decided not to renew his contract with the Indian team and left his post as coach, citing "family and personal reasons".[75] On 12 December 2007, Ganguly scored his maiden double century of his career while playing against Pakistan. He scored 239 runs in the first innings of the third and final Test match of the series. He was involved in a 300 run partnership for the fifth wicket with Yuvraj Singh.[76]

Ganguly remained prolific in both Test and ODI cricket in the year 2007. He scored 1106 Test runs at an average of 61.44 (with three centuries and four fifties) in 2007 to become the second highest run-scorer in Test matches of that year after Jacques Kallis.[77] He was also the fifth highest run-scorer in 2007 in ODIs, where he scored 1240 runs at an average of 44.28.[78]

2008–present: International retirement and the Indian Premier League




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Ganguly with the symbol of the Kolkata Knight Riders, flanked by Shahrukh Khan on the right and Gauri Khan on the left.

In February 2008, Ganguly joined as the captain of Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) team, owned by Bollywood actor Shahrukh Khan, as part of the Indian Premier League (IPL).[79] On 18 April 2008, Ganguly led the KKR, in the IPL Twenty20 cricket match. They had a 140 run victory over Bangalore Royal Challengers captained by Rahul Dravid and owned by Vijay Mallya. Ganguly opened the innings with Brendan McCullum and scored 10 runs while McCullum remained unbeaten, scoring 158 runs in 73 balls.[80]

On 1 May, in a game between the Knight Riders and the Rajasthan Royals, Ganguly made his second T20 half century, scoring 51 runs off of 39 balls at a strike rate of 130.76. In his innings, Ganguly hit four 4s and two sixes, topping the scorers list for the Knight Riders.[81]

On 7 July 2008, media reported that Ganguly was being projected as a candidate for the post of President of the Cricket Association of Bengal (CAB) against his former mentor Jagmohan Dalmiya. Reports also suggested that he could run for the post of BCCI President in 2014 as East Zone's representative. Ganguly himself did not deny the reports and did not rule out any such move.[82][83] The same year in October, Ganguly announced that the Test series against Australia starting in October 2008 would be his last and stated "[t]o be honest, I didn't expect to be picked for this series. Before coming here, [at the conference] I spoke to my team-mates and hopefully I will go out with a winning knock."[84] Ganguly played in every game of the four-Test series and amassed 324 runs at an average of 54.00.[85][86] While playing the second Test match of the series in Mohali, Ganguly scored his final test century. In the Fourth and final Test, with India needing one wicket to secure a victory, the Indian captain, Mahendra Singh Dhoni, invited Ganguly to lead the side in the field for the final time. India regained the Border-Gavaskar Trophy, winning the series 2–0.[87][88]

In May 2009, Ganguly was removed from the captaincy of the KKR for the 2009 season of the IPL, and was replaced by McCullum. The decision was questioned by media and other players of the team, when KKR finished at the bottom of the ranking table with three wins and ten losses.[89] After that, television channel Zee Bangla appointed him as the host of the reality quiz show titled Dadagiri. It presented participants from the 19 districts of West Bengal, who had to answer questions posed by Ganguly.[90] By August, he was appointed the chairman of CAB's Cricket Development Committee. The job of the committee is to receive a report from the selectors at the end of every cricket season, assess the accountability of the selectors and make necessary recommendations.[91] He played for the Ranji cup in the Bengal team in October 2009.[92] Ganguly scored 110 in the match against Delhi and was involved in a partnership of 222 runs with Wriddhiman Saha.[93]

In the third season of the IPL, Ganguly was once again given the captaincy of KKR, after the team ended at the bottom in the second season. The coach John Buchanan was replaced by Dav Whatmore.[94] In 40 matches and 38 innings for KKR Ganguly scored 1,031 runs and took eight wickets.[95][96] In the fourth





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season of the IPL he was signed by the Pune Warriors India, after being unsold in initial bidding process and he made 50 runs of four matches and three innings.[97][98]

Playing style and influences

Ganguly in action on the field.

Ganguly commented that David Gower was the first cricketer to attract him to the game. He loved Gower's style and used to watch old videos of him playing.[99] Other cricketers who had an influence on him are: David Boon, Mohinder Amarnath, Kapil Dev and Allan Border.[100] Ganguly is a left-handed batsman whose runs came primarily from the off-side. Debashish Dutta, author of Sourav Ganguly, the maharaja of cricket, commented that throughout his career, "Ganguly played off-side shots such as the square cut, square drive and cover drive with complete command."[101] Rahul Dravid has called Ganguly "...next to God on the off-side." He used to hit powerful shots to the off-side on front and back foot with equal ease. However, early in his career he was not comfortable with the hook and pull, often giving his wicket away with mistiming such shots. He was also criticized for having difficulty in handling short bouncers, notoriously exploited by the Australians and South Africans.[102] However, after his comeback in 2007, he worked upon these weaknesses to a large extent.[103]

Amrita Daityari, author of Sourav Ganguly: the fire within, noted that in ODIs, where Ganguly usually opened the innings, he used to try to take the advantage of fielding restrictions by advancing down the pitch and hitting pace bowlers over extra cover and mid-off. She commented: "Ganguly was notorious for attacking left-arm spin bowlers. Due to excellent eye–hand coordination, he was noted for picking the length of the ball early, coming down the pitch and hitting the ball aerially over mid-on or midwicket, often for a six. However, he did have a weakness in running between the wickets and judging quick singles."[104] There were many instances where Ganguly's batting partner was run out due to Ganguly's calling for a run, and then sending him back while halfway down the pitch. A situation like this happened in an ODI against Australia where he took a single when on 99, but he coasted and did not ground his bat. Although the bat was past the crease, it was in the air and he was consequently run out. Ganguly said, "I love to watch myself hit a cover drive, to watch myself hit a hundred."[105] Ganguly's relationship with former Indian coach John Wright has been well documented in contemporary media, with them denoting the relationship as a "symbiotic process". They credited Wright and Ganguly with bringing out international class performers, through academic, coaching and scientific fitness regimens.[106] According to Dubey, Ganguly and Wright, along with other members of the team like Tendulkar and Dravid, were the first to understand the importance of a foreign coach for the Indian cricket team and was convinced that the domestic coach has outlived its utility. Ganguly's aggressive style and Wright's importance on fitness ushered in the development of a better cricket team for India.[106]

Ganguly is a right-arm medium pace bowler. He can swing and seam the ball both ways and often chips in with useful wickets to break partnerships.[3] Vinod Tiwari, author of the biography Sourav Ganguly praised him saying "[d]espite not being very athletic as a fielder, Ganguly has taken 100 catches in one-day Internationals. That's something to be proud of!" However he criticized Ganguly's ground fielding,


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especially his slowness in intercepting the ball to prevent runs and his tendency to get injured during catching the ball.[107]

Legacy

An innings-by-innings breakdown of Ganguly's Test match batting career, showing runs scored (red bars) and the average of the last ten innings (blue line).

Author Pradeep Mandhani commented that in his tenure between 2000 and 2005, Ganguly became India's most successful Test captain. He led his team to victory on 21 occasions — seven times more than Mohammad Azharuddin with the second most wins—and led them for a record 49 matches—twice more than both Azharuddin and Sunil Gavaskar.[108][109] Compared to his batting average of 45.47 when not captain,[110] Ganguly's Test batting average as captain was a lower 37.66.[111]

Statistics about Ganguly show that he was the seventh Indian cricketer to have played 100 Test matches,[112] the 4th highest overall run scorer for India in Tests,[113] and the fourth Indian to have played in more than 300 ODIs.[114] In terms of overall runs scored in ODIs, Ganguly is the second among Indians after Sachin Tendulkar (who has the most ODI runs) and the fifth overall.[115] He has scored 16 centuries in Test matches and 22 in ODIs. He is also one of only eight batsmen to score more than 10,000 runs in ODIs.[116] Along with Tendulkar, Ganguly has formed the most successful opening pair in One Day Cricket, having amassed the highest number of century partnerships (26) for the first wicket. Together, they have scored more than 7000 runs at an average of 48.98, and hold the world record for creating most number of 50-run partnership in the first wicket (44 fifties).[117] Ganguly became the fourth player to cross 11,000 ODI runs, and was the fastest player to do so in ODI cricket, after Tendulkar.[118] As of 2006, he is the only Indian captain to win a Test series in Pakistan (although two of the three Tests of that series was led by Rahul Dravid). He is also one of the three players in the world to achieve amazing treble of 10,000 runs, 100 wickets and 100 catches in ODI cricket history, the others being Tendulkar and Sanath Jayasuriya.[119]

Ganguly with the young cricketers of the Kolkata Knight Riders team during IPL 2009.

Author Mihir Bose, in his book, The magic of Indian cricket: cricket and society in India. commented that "The cricket world had gotten too used to the stereotype of the meek Indian cricketer. All that has changed under Ganguly, perhaps for the better."[120] He credits Ganguly for not being shy of taking on responsibility.


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"He showed that he can be a leader of a team, which has greats like Sachin and Dravid in the side, without any problems. Under Ganguly's leadership, India started winning matches and tournaments, previously lacking from the team considerably."[120] Within a few years of his captaincy, Ganguly rewrote the rules of being a captain of a cricket team. Unlike some of his predecessors, Ganguly was considered impartial, non-parochial, and forever pushed his players to perform better. Off the field, his interactions with the media, his fans, and detractors were uncompromisingly honest and earned him the respect of cricket followers everywhere. However, along with this respect came the criticisms. Ganguly was condemned as a hot-tempered man who refused to listen to other's opinions and abided by his own rules and regulations.[120] Matthew Engel, ICC sport critic, noted that this "turning deaf" to other's opinions would one day harm Ganguly and that it was sheer luck that he existed on the sporting world.[121]

Ganguly believed that his legacy as a captain was that he was able to build a proper Indian team. He added,

"[We] were able to change the face of Indian cricket. That's what I'm proud of, because I think we made a huge difference. People used to think that we would simply roll over when playing out of India, but we changed the image. [...] [The team wouldn't take any crap from any opposition] Absolutely, and that came from self-belief that, that we had the ability to do well outside India."[122]

Bose commented that Ganguly's greatest legacy lay in his influence on the younger and budding generation of cricketers. Ganguly felt that every young player should play two years of domestic cricket before being selected for international assignments. He also said that every newcomer should be given at least five games to prove himself.[123][124] Later he explained that being at the receiving end of an unfair decision against him, that threatened to ruin his international cricket career, it enabled him to understand the insecurities of other newcomers in the team better than his predecessors. Ganguly had always backed the influence and contribution of younger players of the team.[125]

Despite his contributions, his captaincy and coaching methods came under immense scrutiny from the press as well as other scholars. Engel commented that "He seems like aloof to the problems that his mal-decisions are creating. I don't particularly believe that Ganguly has an 'effing knowledge how to lead his team and tries to counter-pose it with instigating limitless, confrontational behaviours within the younger members of it. [One day] the time will come when such shock tactics will cease to work."[126] An article on Cricinfo Magazine pointed out his reckless behaviour. The reporter Rahul Bhattacharya said, "Generally Ganguly fostered angry or reckless young men. To him 'good behaviour', a broad term espoused by the present team management, belonged in school and probably not even there. He himself had been summoned to the match referee no less than 12 times in the last decade. His approach was bound to precipitate what could possibly be termed a cultural conflict in the world of modern sport. For Ganguly, like for Arjuna Ranatunga, competitiveness involved brinksmanship rather than training. As far as they were concerned Australia were not to be aspired to. They were simply to be toppled. England were not to be appeased. Victory lay precisely in their disapproval. In other words, Ganguly and Ranatunga wanted to do things their way."[127]

See also List of international cricket centuries by Sourav Ganguly

Notes1. ^ [1]2. ^ "Tendulkar second-best ever: Wisden". Rediff.com.

http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2002/dec/13wisden.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-27.3. ^ a b c d "Cricinfo - Players and Officials - Sourav Ganguly". Cricinfo Magazine (ESPN).

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ANIL KUMBLEAnil Kumble (Kannada: ಅನಿಲ ್ ಕುಂಬ್ಳೆ�) pronunciation (help·info) (born 17 October 1970 in Bangalore, Karnataka) is a former Indian cricketer and captain of the Indian Test cricket team. He is a right-arm leg spin (legbreak googly) bowler and a right-hand batsman. He is currently the leading wicket-taker for India in both Test and One Day International matches. At present he is the third highest wicket-taker in Test cricket and one of only three bowlers to have taken more than 600 Test wickets. Kumble has had success bowling with other spinners, notably Venkatapathy Raju and Rajesh Chauhan in the 1990s and Harbhajan Singh since 2000.

Kumble was appointed the captain of the Indian Test cricket team on 8 November 2007.[1] His first assignment as captain was the three-test home series against Pakistan that India won 1-0. Then he led the Indian Test team on its tour to Australia for the 2007-08 four-test series of The Border-Gavaskar Trophy that India lost 1-2. Kumble succeeded his state team mate Rahul Dravid, who resigned as the captain in September 2007.[2] Since his debut in international cricket on 25 April 1990, he has taken 619 Test wickets


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and 337 ODI wickets. Although often criticized as not a big turner of the ball,[3] Kumble is the second highest wicket taker among leg spinners in Test cricket behind leg spinner Shane Warne of Australia and the third of all bowlers after Warne and off spinner Muttiah Muralitharan of Sri Lanka and has claimed 619 Test wickets. He is one of only two bowlers in the history of cricket to have taken all 10 wickets in a test innings, the other being Jim Laker of England.[4] He was awarded the Padma Shri, India's 4th highest civilian honour, by the Government of India in 2005. After playing for India for 18 years, he announced his retirement on 2 November 2008. His last match was against Australia at the Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi.

Contents 1 Personal life 2 Career 3 Retirement and IPL

o 3.1 IPL 4 Awards and honours 5 Man of the Series awards

o 5.1 4 Awards in Test cricketo 5.2 1 Award in ODI cricket

6 Man of the Match awards o 6.1 10 Awards in Test cricketo 6.2 6 Awards in ODI

7 Test wicket milestones 8 Endorsements 9 External links 10 References

Personal lifeAnil Kumble was born in Bangalore, Karnataka to KN Krishna Swamy and Saroja.[5] His family, takes its name from Kumble village, situated in Kasaragod district, Kerala: [6] He is married to Chethana Ramatheertha.[7] Anil has 3 children - daughter Aaruni (from Chethana's previous marriage), son Mayas and the youngest Svasti (daughter) [8][9]

Kumble began playing cricket on streets of Bangalore and joined a club called Young Cricketers when he was 13 years old. Kumble did his primary schooling at Holy Saint English School and his high schooling at National High School, Basavanagudi. He got his Pre-University College education from National College, Basavanagudi. Kumble graduated from Rashtreeya Vidyalaya College of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering in 1991-92. Kumble was studious by disposition. Prior to his selection for the England tour, he did exceedingly well in his academics, passing mechanical engineering with distinction in the top of his class. Two of his college team mates, M.P. Vivek and Rashid Mohsin went on to have scintillating but short lived first class careers. Kumble has a brother named Dinesh. He is nicknamed Jumbo not only because his deliveries, for a spinner, are "as fast as a Jumbo jet".,[5] but also because his feet are quite big or Jumbo as observed by his team-mates.

[edit] Career


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Anil Kumble of India in action against South Africa in 2008.

Kumble is a right-arm leg spinner with an unorthodox style, most famous for his flipper. He started his career as a spinner, which has given him a useful faster delivery. He relies more on accuracy, variations and bounce than spinning the ball.[6] His unique bowling style can be attributed to matting pitches in Bangalore which assist top-spin and over-spin.[10]

He made his first-class debut for Karnataka against Hyderabad in November 1989, taking 4 wickets and bagging a pair. He was selected for India Under-19s against Pakistan Under-19s, scoring 113 in the first test and 76 in the second. He made his ODI debut against Sri Lanka at Sharjah in the Australasia Cup on 25 April 1990. He also made his Test debut in that year on India's tour of England in the second Test. It was when India toured South Africa in 1992 that he established himself as a quality international spinner, taking 8 wickets in the second Test. Later that year, when England toured India, he took 21 wickets in just 3 Test matches at an average of 19.8.

He took his first 50 Test wickets in just 10 Test matches, the fastest by an Indian bowler to achieve the milestone. He went on to become the second fastest Indian bowler to reach 100 Test wickets (in 21 Test matches), after Erapalli Prasanna. On 27 November 1993, he took 6 wickets for 12 runs in an ODI against the West Indies at Calcutta, a new record for best bowling figures by an Indian, one that remains unbeaten till date.

His performance in ODI cricket peaked in 1996, the year in which the World Cup was held in Asia, when he took 61 ODI wickets at an average of 20.24 and an economy rate of 4.06.

Kumble is one of only two bowlers ever (the other being Jim Laker) to have taken all 10 wickets in a Test innings. Kumble achieved this against Pakistan in the second Test played in Delhi between 4 February and 8 February 1999, although by failing to dismiss Pakistan's Waqar Younis in either innings, he missed out on the achievement of dismissing all 11 batsmen in a Test match. It has been said that once he had got 9 wickets his friend and teammate Javagal Srinath started bowling wide off stumps, and was called twice, so that Kumble could take the 10th.[citation needed] The achievement was commemorated by naming a traffic circle in Bangalore after him.

On 6 October 2004, Kumble became only the third spinner in the history of Test cricket (after Shane Warne and Muttiah Muralitharan) and the second Indian bowler (after Kapil Dev) to capture 400 Test wickets. Reaching the mark took him 30 fewer Test matches than it took Kapil Dev, and 7 fewer than Warne. He is one of only 2 Indian bowlers (the other being Javagal Srinath) and one of only four spinners (the others






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being Muralitharan, Sanath Jayasuriya, and Shahid Afridi) to have taken over 300 ODI wickets. In the India-West Indies series of 2006, Kumble took 6-78 in the second innings of the final Test in Sabina Park, Jamaica, and bowled India to a historic series victory; it had been 35 years since a similar series victory. During the first innings of the match, Kumble scored 45 and became the second player in the history of the game (after Warne) to score 2000 runs and take over 500 Test wickets. Anil Kumble also holds the world record for most wickets leg before wicket (lbw)[11]

Test career batting performance of Anil Kumble.

On 10 December 2004, Kumble became India's highest wicket taker when he trapped Mohammad Rafique of Bangladesh to surpass Kapil Dev's haul of 434 wickets. On 11 March 2006, he took his 500th Test wicket. On 11 June 2006, Kumble passed Courtney Walsh on 520 Test wickets to take 4th place. After returning to India from the 2007 Cricket World Cup, he announced his retirement from ODI Cricket on 30 March 2007.[12]

Towards the end of his career, Anil Kumble came up with yet another potent weapon in his armory - a googly or the wrong 'un which was reportedly delivered with a more orthodox grip and worked upon, using a tennis ball during practice.[13]

On 10 August 2007, Kumble scored his maiden century, with an innings of 110 not out against England to help them finish with 664. He took 118 Test matches to reach his maiden Test hundred, which is a record, beating Chaminda Vaas who had held this record previously with 96 Tests. It was also the only hundred by an Indian in the 3 Test series.[14] He is the only Test cricketer to have taken all ten wickets in an innings and score a Test hundred in his career. A day after scoring his ton, Kumble dismissed Vaughan for his 900th International wicket and 563rd Test wicket, drawing him level with Glenn McGrath. Later he trapped Monty Panesar for an LBW to finish the innings and overtake McGrath in the list of all time wicket takers, only Muttiah Muralitharan and Shane Warne have more wickets.

He is one of the 4 bowlers, alongside Richard Hadlee, Shane Warne and Muttiah Muralitharan, and the only Indian bowler ever, to have taken 5 wickets in a Test innings more than 30 times. He also holds the world record for the largest number of caught-and-bowled dismissals in tests, 35 - which forms 5.65% of his total wickets. His ODI bowling average, which is above 30, is considered high compared to other great bowlers, and he is known to be a much better bowler in India than elsewhere. He is also one of 4 Indian bowlers to have conceded over 250 runs in a Test match, although he took 12 wickets in that match. He is known for bowling tirelessly, having bowled 72 overs in a Test innings once. He is also remembered for his tenacity in



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bowling even when injured, especially after an incident in a match against West Indies where, despite having his broken jaw being heavily taped, he came back to prise out the wicket of Brian Lara.

His Test batting average is acceptable for a lower order batsmen; however, his unconvincing running in ODIs, giving him a fairly ordinary average of around 10, has prevented him from becoming an all-rounder. His fielding is considered adequate and he usually fields on the boundary or at gully.

On 17 January 2008, in the third Test against Australia at WACA, Perth, Anil Kumble became the first Indian bowler and the third in the world to reach the milestone of 600 Test wickets. Kumble achieved the record just after the tea break when he had Andrew Symonds caught by Rahul Dravid at first slip. In a friendly gesture, Adam Gilchrist shook hands with Kumble and congratulated him. Kumble would go on to lead India to its first Test victory in Perth and deny Australia a record of 17 consecutive test victories. Kumble's 600 wickets came in 124 matches at an average of 28.68. Kumble has captured most number of wickets against Australia by an Indian bowler. He has taken 104 Australian scalps in 17 matches at an average of 27.5.

Kumble is the third bowler after Muttiah Muralitharan and Shane Warne to take 600 Test wickets. Paying tribute to Kumble on reaching this milestone, cricket analysts have provided some interesting insights to his bowling skills, specifically vis-a-vis Warne and Muralitharan. Sambit Bal, the editor of Cricinfo, writes:[15]

"That he [Kumble] has been an unusual spinner has been said many times before. It has also been said, a trifle unfairly, that he is a unidimensional bowler. Palpably, he has lacked the turn of Warne and Murali, but his variety has been subtler, far more apparent to batsmen than to viewers. He has shown that not only turn and flight that can deceive the batsman but also the changes of length and pace. He has been a cultured practitioner of his unique craft and a master of nuances."

Columnist and former cricketer Peter Roebuck interestingly argues that in a bowling method that relies more on precision rather than big turns, Kumble is closer to fast bowler Glenn McGrath rather than his fellow spinners Warne and Muralitharan:[16]

"Curiously, Kumble has little in common with his two great contemporaries, Shane Warne and Muttiah Muralitharan. They relied on excess, spinning the ball ferociously and able, by sleight of hand, to fool batsmen into playing at thin air. They created error by destroying hope. Kumble more closely resembles Glenn McGrath because he does not so much baffle batsmen as torture them with precisely-pitched deliveries. Like the Australian, he does not tear opponents apart, just works away methodically till the deed has been done. Apparently he is an engineer, but he belongs in the courts of law as an inquisitor."

During the 4th test against Australia at the Adelaide Oval on 25 January 2008, Kumble was only 13 runs short of his 2nd test hundred by scoring 87 runs off 205 balls, with 9 fours in India's first innings of 526. Only Sachin Tendulkar scored more than he did, with 153 runs off 205 balls.

Retirement and IPLAnil Kumble announced his retirement from: international Test cricket, first class cricket, and list A cricket appearances on the last day of the match on 2 November 2008 in the 3rd Test match against Australia at Feroz Shah Kotla cricket stadium at New Delhi, India. The decision, although on the cards, came as a surprise. Kumble injured the little finger of his left hand while attempting a catch off Matthew Hayden in Australia's first innings which rendered him unfit for the 4th and final test of the series against Australia. Kumble was finding it difficult to find his striking form and went wicketless in four consecutive innings for the first time in his career before the first innings of Australia in the third test of the series against Australia in which he managed three lower order wickets only. Mitchell Johnson of Australia was the last victim of Kumble. He declared the 2nd innings of India with only 6 overs of play left in the drawn match in order to have one last trundle. His figures were 4-0-14-0. The final ball of his test career was a low full toss which was decisively driven down the ground for four by the batsman Matthew Hayden.


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Kumble has been appointed to the athlete's commission of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), with his term starting on 1 January 2009.[17]

On 21 November 2010, Kumble was elected President of the Karnataka State Cricket Association in a landslide victory, with statemates and former India teammates Venkatesh Prasad and Javagal Srinath elected as Vice-President and Secretary respectively.

[edit] IPL

He has also agreed to honour his contract with the Royal Challengers Bangalore franchise of the Indian Premier League after retirement. He was given a three year contract worth US$ 500,000 per year in the first round of bidding in 2008. His first season was unremarkable but in the second season he finished as the second leading wicket-taker and the team which he captained finished in second place.

On 18 April 2009 he took 5/5 runs against the defending champions Rajasthan Royals to send them to an emphatic 75-run defeat in the second match of the 2009 edition, played in South Africa.[18][19] Despite this, he missed out on the Man of the match accolade to his close friend Rahul Dravid. After the departure of Kevin Pietersen for England's cricket commitments, Kumble was named captain of the Royal Challengers and on 1 May 2009 the former Indian skipper marshalled his team to a fine 8-run victory over the Kings XI Punjab, despite a hat-trick and a half-century from Man of the Match and losing captain Yuvraj Singh and 4 wickets for Yusuf Abdulla.[20][21] His captaincy and performance was prominent as the Challengers were able to recover from four losses in their first six games to qualify for the semifinals as the third best team in the League table, and on 23 May 2009 his team defeated the Chennai Super Kings by six wickets to earn a spot in the final against the Deccan Chargers, who along with Bangalore were the two least successful teams in last year's edition.[22] Despite a Man of the Match performance in the final, when he took 4/16 runs he was unable to prevent his team from succumbing to a six-run defeat.[23] However, Kumble ended as the most successful spin bowler and the 2nd highest wicket-taker with 21 wickets at an economy rate of 5.86 runs per over behind Rudra Pratap Singh,[24] and the team was subsequently able to qualify along with the Chargers and the Delhi Daredevils (who topped the preliminary League Table) for the 2009 Twenty20 Champions League. With Pietersen ruled out of the competition in order to recover from surgery on his Achilles tendon, Kumble captained his hometown team in the competition, and although defeats to the Cape Cobras and the Victorian Bushrangers ruled them out of qualification for the semi-finals, the Bangalore-born spinner has since become the full-time captain of the Royal Challengers. The 2009-10 season saw Kumble lead the team to the semi-finals albeit after a rather inconsistent campaign which saw them end up with seven wins and seven losses as they finished 4th in the league table. After being forced to play their semi-finals at the DY Patil Stadium following the bomb blasts near their home stadium in Bangalore, the Royal Challengers lost their semi-final to the Mumbai Indians, who topped the group phase. But on 24 April 2010, Kumble snagged 4 wickets for 16 runs to lead the team into the Champions' League as third-place finishers, avenging their loss to the Deccan Chargers in last season's final. His man-of-the-match exploits ensured that he finished with 17 wickets for the tournament. Kumble has recently announced his decision to quit IPL as well. The reason stated by him was since he was elected as the President of Karnataka State Cricket Association it wasn't wise on his part to play in the team as that would create conflict of interests. But he has agreed to serve Bangalore Royal Challengers as the chief mentor. Later on the team owner Vijay Mallaya told reporters in Bangalore that henceforth all the team decisions would be handled by Kumble and he would abide by it, he also stated that Kumble has given his full support and will continue to do so to the team.

Awards and honours Arjuna award, a sports award from the Government of India, in 1995[25]

One of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year, in 1996 Among the 16 cricketers shortlisted for the Wisden Indian Cricketer of the 20th Century, in 2002 [26] (Kapil

Dev won) Padma Shri, a civilian award from the Government of India, in 2005 A prominent intersection in M. G. Road, Bangalore has been named after Anil Kumble.


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‘Best breakthrough performance IPL 2009’ for his five-for-five against Rajasthan Royals in IPL 2009.

Man of the Series awards

4 Awards in Test cricket


1 England in India Test Series 1992/93 16 Runs (3 Matches, 2 Innings); 181-53-416-21 (1x5 WI); 1 Catch

2New Zealand in India Test Series

1999/0039 Runs (3 Matches, 3 Innings); 197.4-76-364-20 (2x5 WI, 1x10 WM); 2 Catches

3Zimbabwe in India Test Series

2001/02 47 Runs (2 Matches, 3 Innings); 134.2-48-291-16 (1x5 WI)

4Sri Lanka in India Test Series

2005/0667 Runs (3 Matches, 4 Innings); 138.3-28-374-20 (2x5 WI, 1x10 WM); 2 Catches

1 Award in ODI cricket

# Series (Opponents) Season Series Performance

1 Sahara Friendship Cup (Pakistan v/s India) 1996 26 (5 Matches & 3 Innings); 44-2-159-14

Man of the Match awards

10 Awards in Test cricket

MatchMatch

S No

Opponent Venue Season Match Performance

1 Sri LankaKD Singh Babu, Lucknow

1993/941st Innings: 4 (1x4); 37-10-69-42nd Innings: 27.3-9-59-7; 1 Catch10+ Wicket Match

2 PakistanFeroz Shah Kotla, New Delhi

1998/99

1st Innings: 0; 24.3-4-75-4; 5 Catch2nd Innings: 15 (2x4); 26.3-9-74-105 Wickets in 1st Innings and 10+ Wickets in Match and 10 wickets in a innings

3New Zealand

Green Park, Kanpur 1999/001st Innings: 5 Runs; 32.5-12-67-42nd Innings 26.5-5-67-610 Wicket Match

4 England Mohali, Chandigarh 2001/02 1st Innings: 37 (6x4); 19-6-52-2; 1 Catch


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2nd Innings: 28.4-6-81-6; 1 Catch

5 Zimbabwe VCA, Nagpur 2001/021st Innings: 13* (1x4); 33.5-12-82-42nd Innings: 37-15-63-5

6 Australia Chepauk, Chennai 2004/051st Innings: 20 (2x4); 17.3-4-48-7; 1 Catch2nd Innings: 47-8-133-610+ Wickets Match

7 Sri LankaFeroz Shah Kotla, New Delhi

2005/061st Innings: 8 (1x4); 28-6-72-6; 1 Catch2nd Innings: 36-7-85-4; 1 Catch10 Wicket Match

8 England Mohali, Chandigarh 2005/061st Innings: 32 (2x4); 29.4-8-76-52nd Innings: 29-7-70-4

9 England The Oval, England 2006/071st Innings: 110* (2x4); 29.1-7-94-32nd Innings: 8* 37-9-123-2

10 PakistanFeroz Shah Kotla, New Delhi

2007/081st Innings: 24 (3x4); 21.2-6-38-42nd Innings: 27.1-8-68-3

6 Awards in ODI


1 England Headingley, Leeds 1990 11-2-29-2

2 West Indies Eden Gardens, Kolkata 1993/94 5* (1x4); 6.1-2-12-6

3 New Zealand Basin Reserve, Wellington 1993/94 10-0-33-5

4 South Africa Wankhede, Mumbai 1996/97 8.2-0-25-4

5 Bangladesh Wankhede, Mumbai 1998 10-4-17-3

6 Kenya Gymkhana, Nairobi 2001/02 10-1-22-2

Test wicket milestones 1st: Allan Lamb (England) 50th: David Houghton (Zimbabwe) 100th: Martin Crowe (New Zealand) 150th: Sherwin Campbell (West Indies) 200th: Pommie Mbangwa (Zimbabwe) 250th: Dion Nash (New Zealand) 300th: Matthew Hoggard (England) 350th: Jacob Oram (New Zealand) 400th: Darren Lehmann (Australia)



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450th: Mohammad Sami (Pakistan) 500th. Stephen Harmison (England) 550th: Khaled Mashud (Bangladesh) 600th: Andrew Symonds (Australia) 619th: Mitchell Johnson (Australia)

References1. ^ Cricinfo - Kumble to captain in Test series against Pakistan2. ^ Cricinfo - Dravid resigns as India captain3. ^ "A high five for Kumble's 500". Deepti Patavardhan. Rediff.com.

http://in.rediff.com/cricket/2006/mar/11deep.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-09.4. ^ "Kumble reaps reward for commitment". Ayanjit Sen (BBC). 2 December 2004.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/other_international/4061169.stm. Retrieved 2007-08-09.5. ^ a b "10 wickets -- and phone overload". MD Ritti. Rediff.com.

http://www.rediff.com/sports/1999/feb/15c.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-09.6. ^ a b "Jumbo spinner". Abhijit Chatterjee. The Tribune.

http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070407/saturday/main1.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-09.7. ^ Riti, M D. "Srinath, Kumble bowl over maidens". Rediff.

http://www.rediff.com/sports/1999/jul/01wed.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-28.8. ^ Victory treat: Kumble gets a son9. ^ http://content-www.cricinfo.com/india/content/image/288041.html.10. ^ "Persistent Anil Kumble's rich harvest". Scyld Berry (London: Telegraph). 12 August 2007.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/08/12/sckumb112.xml. Retrieved 2007-08-13.

11. ^ [Cricinfo records: Most wickets leg before wicket]http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283499.html

12. ^ "India's highest wicket-taker calls time on ODIs". Daily News & Analysis. http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1087501. Retrieved 2007-03-28.

13. ^ [A new googly, and it’s Anil Kumble reinvented]http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/full_story.php?content_id=89338

14. ^ "Anil Kumble makes England suffer". Andy Hooper and agencies (London: The Telegraph). 10 August 2007. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/08/10/uctest110.xml. Retrieved 2007-08-10.

15. ^ "The master of nuances". Sambit Bal. Cricinfo Magazine, 17 January 2008. http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/331598.html. Retrieved 20 January 2008.

16. ^ "One of the game's greats finally being recognised". Peter Roebuck (The Sydney Morning Herald, 20 January 2008). 20 January 2008. http://www.smh.com.au/news/cricket/one-of-the-games-greats-finally-being-recognised/2008/01/19/1200620273098.html. Retrieved 20 January 2008.

17. ^ "Kumble nominated to WADA panel". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2008-12-19. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/12/19/2451496.htm. Retrieved 2008-12-19.

18. ^ Cricinfo - Rajasthan humbled after inept batting19. ^ Cricinfo - We oldies can have our days too - Kumble20. ^ Cricinfo - Praveen and Bangalore upstage Yuvraj in thriller21. ^ Cricinfo - The 'turning' point

RAVISHANKAR JAYADRITHA SHASTRIRavishankar Jayadritha Shastri (born 27 May 1962) is a former Indian cricketer and captain. He was an all–rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left arm spin. His international career started when he was 18 years old and lasted for 12 years. He started his career purely as a bowler but gradually became more of a batsman who could bowl.


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As a batsman, he was essentially defensive with the "chapati shot"[1][2] (a flick off the pads) being his trademark shot, but could raise his strike rate when required. Due to his above-average height (he stood 6' 3" tall) and an upright stance, he had a limited number of shots against fast bowling, but was able to put the lofted shot to good use against spin bowling. Shastri played either as an opening batsmen or in the middle order.

The highlight of his career was when he was elected the Champion of Champions in the World Championship of Cricket in Australia in 1985. In the same season, he equalled West Indian Garry Sobers's record of hitting six sixes in an over in first class cricket. He was regarded as a potential captain, but his image outside cricket,[3] injuries and tendency to lose form at crucial times meant that he captained India in only one Test match.

In domestic cricket, he played for Bombay and led them to the Ranji Trophy title in his final year of playing. He also played four seasons of county cricket for Glamorgan. He was forced to retire aged 31 due to a recurring knee injury. He is now a noted TV cricket commentator.

Contents 1 Early days 2 International cricket

o 2.1 The glorious wintero 2.2 The 'Champion of Champions'

3 The Ranji final 4 The slow descent 5 County cricket 6 Always the bridesmaid 7 The Indian Summer 8 Last days in cricket 9 References 10 External links

Early days

Ravi Shastri's career performance graph.

Shastri's family originally came from Mangalore in Karnataka but he was born and brought up in Bombay,[4]

now called Mumbai. His father, M. Jayadratha Shastri, was a doctor[5] and the family had a strong academic tradition.[4] It was only as a teenager that he took cricket up seriously. Shastri reached the final of the 1974 inter–school Giles Shield with the Don Bosco school in Matunga, losing to St Mary's, whose lineup included


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two future Ranji players, Shishir Hattangadi and Jignesh Sanghani. The next year, under Shastri's captaincy, Don Bosco won the Giles Shield. Shastri set a record for the highest score in the final, which stood for 27 years.[6]

At school, his coach was BD Desai, once a Tatas and Dadar Union player. While Don Bosco was not traditionally a major force in schools cricket, the R.A. Podar College, where Shastri later studied commerce, produced many good cricketers. Vasant Amladi and, in particular, VS "Marshall" Patil, were integral figures in Shastri's development as a cricketer. In his last year at the junior college, he was selected to represent Bombay in the Ranji trophy.[7] At 17 years and 292 days, he was then the youngest cricketer to play for Bombay.

An Indian under–19 team was scheduled to tour Pakistan in 1980–81. Shastri was included in the coaching camp at the last minute by the National Coach Hemu Adhikari. Shastri captained one of the two teams in a trial game and was then asked to lead the Indian Under-19 team. The tour, however, was cancelled. The team later went to Sri Lanka, but the games were frequently interrupted by rain.[8]

His only notable achievement in his first two Ranji seasons were bowling figures of 6-61, which he took against Delhi in the 1979–80 Ranji final that Bombay lost. While he was playing against Uttar Pradesh at Kanpur in the next season, he was called up to the squad touring New Zealand to stand in for the injured left arm spinner Dilip Doshi. Shastri arrived in Wellington the night before the first Test. His first over in Test cricket was a maiden to the New Zealand captain Geoff Howarth. In the second innings, he took 3 wickets in four balls, all to catches by Dilip Vengsarkar, to bring a quick close to the New Zealand innings. In the third Test, his seven wickets won him the man of the match award, while his 15 wickets in the series were the highest for either side.

International cricketWithin eighteen months of his Test debut, Shastri had moved up from tenth position in the batting order to being an opening batsman. "His calm, sensible batting lower in the order", wrote Wisden, commenting on his first series,[9] "raised promise of his developing into a useful all–rounder, and his fielding too was an asset". By the end of his career, he had batted in every position from one to ten. By his own admission,[7] he ignored his bowling in favour of his batting. This was reflected in his performances. However, his figures of 9-101 in the season–opening 1981 Irani Trophy stood as a tournament record for nearly twenty years.

It was the failure of the regular openers Pranab Roy and Ghulam Parkar that led to Shastri being made to open at the Oval against England in 1982. He distinguished himself by scoring 66 runs in that match. An injury in the webbing of his hand ruled him out of four of the Tests to be played in Pakistan. Forced again to open in the final Test at Karachi, against the fast bowling of Imran Khan (then at the peak of his career), he scored his first Test hundred. He later made another hundred against the West Indies in Antigua. Indian Cricket was impressed enough to suggest that, given time, he could become the one of the best batsmen in the Indian team.[10]

Shastri was not selected to play in most of the important matches in the 1983 World Cup. In the series against the West Indies later that year, he again distinguished himself with his bold effort in batting against the domineering West Indian pace bowlers.

The glorious winter

In October 1984, India toured Pakistan for the third time in six years. The Lahore Test saw India collapse to 156 against Pakistan's 428, and follow on. India went into the last day trailing by 92 with six wickets in hand but were saved by a fifth wicket partnership of 126 between Shastri and Mohinder Amarnath. Shastri scored 71, while Amarnath made 101*. Shastri was even more successful in the next Test at Faisalabad, where he scored 139 and shared a stand of 200 with Sandip Patil. The last Test and the remainder of the tour were cancelled because of the assassination of Indira Gandhi.


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There were already signals that Shastri was being groomed as a future captain. Indian captain Sunil Gavaskar was coming to the end of his career and Kapil Dev, who had led India in the previous season, was expected to succeed him. Shastri appeared to be the next in line. He led the Young India side to Zimbabwe in early 1984. Against the touring English side in November, he led the India Under–25 to an innings win - the first defeat of England in a tour match in India for fifty years.

Around this time, Shastri also began to open the innings regularly in one day games. He scored 102 against Australia in October – India's second hundred in ODIs – and made the same score against England at Cuttack in December. Shastri had stood in for Gavaskar and opened with Srikkanth in two matches of the 1983 World Cup. The third time that they opened was at Cuttack and they set a world record of 188 for the first wicket. Later in the season, this partnership was to form the foundation for the Indian triumph in the WCC in Australia.

Shastri's success continued in Test matches against England. In the Bombay Test his 235 run stand with wicket-keeper Syed Kirmani led to victory for India (it is still the national record for the seventh wicket). His 142 improved upon the 139 at Faisalabad as his highest score.

In the third Test at Calcutta, Shastri made 111 in 357 balls and 455 minutes, though his innings was heavily interrupted by rain. With Mohammad Azharuddin he added 214 for the fifth wicket, another Indian record. When India started the second innings late in the final day, he was sent in to open, thus becoming one of the few batsmen to bat on all five days of a Test.

Shastri set another record for Bombay against Baroda in a West Zone Ranji match. His first hundred came up in 72 minutes and 80 balls and included nine fours and four sixes. The second took just 41 minutes and 43 balls. His 123 ball, 113 minute 200* became the fastest double hundred in first class history, beating the previous record by 7 minutes, and included 13 fours and 13 sixes. Six of the sixes came off a single over of the left arm spinner Tilak Raj. In terms of the number of sixes, it bettered the 58 year old Indian record of CK Nayudu who had struck 11 sixes against a touring MCC team at Bombay Gymkhana in 1926–7. Shastri's unfinished sixth wicket stand of 204* with Ghulam Parkar, who contributed only 33 to the partnership, took only 83 minutes. In Baroda's second innings, Shastri took two wickets in four overs.[11]

The 'Champion of Champions'

Except for a few series in Pakistan and the 1983 World Cup final, the World Championship of Cricket in Australia was the first time overseas cricket matches were shown live in India. The WCC saw India win every match convincingly. The WCC was conceived as a celebration of the 150th year of the formation of Victoria, but the finalists turned out to be India and Pakistan.[11][12]

Shastri had a slow start to the tournament but finished with fifties in the last three matches. Srikkanth too scored three fifties and India posted century opening stands against Australia and in the final. India went in with two spinners for every match. It helped that all the matches were played at Melbourne and Sydney which have turning tracks and long boundaries. Sivaramakrishnan and Shastri claimed 18 wickets between them in five matches.

For his 182 runs and 8 wickets, Shastri was chosen as the man of the series which in this tournament was called 'The Champion of Champions'. He won an Audi 100 car for his efforts.[13] By the special order of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, Indian customs waived the heavy duty its import would have normally entailed.[14]

Two weeks later India won the Rothman's cup in Sharjah beating Pakistan and Australia. The victory against Pakistan was particularly memorable because India defended a total of only 125. Shastri and Siva continued their successful partnership with the ball. It was for this tournament that Shastri served as the Indian vice captain for the first time. Gavaskar had announced his decision to resign his captaincy at the end of the WCC before the tournament began.[15] Before the final, former Australian captain Ian Chappell suggested


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that for the good of Indian cricket, Gavaskar should continue as the captain till Shastri could take over from him.[16]

The final of the Ranji trophy between Bombay and Delhi began two days after the end of the Sharjah tournament. Gavaskar and Shastri returned via Bahrain, only reaching India the morning of the match. Dilip Vengsarkar, another Indian player who was a member of the Mumbai team, who had arrived a day earlier withdrew from the match with a groin injury, which made it imperative that both should play.

The Ranji finalThe Ranji final of 1984/85 turned out to be one of the finest matches in Indian domestic cricket history. A sleepy Gavaskar won the toss and batted. He could hardly close his eyes before Bombay was 3 down for 42. Batting at No.5, he scored his 20th and last hundred in Ranji trophy and took Bombay to 333. Shastri made 29 before he was bowled attempting to cut an arm–ball. Delhi was in early trouble before they were rescued by Chetan Chauhan, batting with a fractured finger in his last first class match. Ajay Sharma, in his first season, scored a hundred and took Delhi into the lead with nine wickets down.

The rules of the competition specified that in the event of a draw, the team with the first innings lead would be declared the winners. With two days and 100 minutes left, Bombay went for quick runs. A crowd of about 46,000 turned up for match on the fourth day and the organizers ran out of tickets. Shastri top scored with 76 as Bombay set Delhi 300 to win in a day and ninety minutes.

Except for the odd delivery, the ball spun slowly and afforded enough time for the batsmen to play their strokes. Early on the final day, Delhi reached 95 for no loss and then collapsed. His first wicket was Chauhan who was declared out caught behind when a ball spun across the face of the bat without touching it. The match changed dramatically and the batsmen lost their head. Gursharan Singh was lbw playing no stroke, Kirti Azad played on, Surinder Khanna was stumped after a few slogs. Shastri took 8 for 91; Bombay won by 90 runs. In the 50th year of Ranji trophy, it was their 30th title.[17]

The slow descentShastri continued as vice captain to Kapil Dev in the 1985–86 season. This season and the England tour of 1986 were ordinary ones for him. After the tour of Australia in 1985–86, he also began to decline as a bowler. Bombay lost to Haryana in the semifinal of the Ranji trophy but West Zone won the Duleep Trophy. His major contribution was as a bowler in the semifinal against North Zone on a flat wicket at Trivandrum. Like in the Ranji final, North looked the likely winner going into the last day, before he took 8 for 145.

Australia, Sri Lanka and Pakistan toured India in 1986–87. Shastri played a crucial role in the Tied Test at Madras against Australia, scoring 62 and 48*. His second innings runs came in 36 balls. When Indian middle order collapsed and India fell behind the run rate, his two sixes in quick succession off off–spinner Greg Matthews came in handy. In the final Test at Bombay he scored 121*. As was becoming increasingly common, it was played in first and fourth gear. He hung around for around 30 minutes for the last run for his fifty and twice as long in the nineties. Yet he hit six sixes, three of which came after he completed his hundred. The huge six off left arm fast bowler Bruce Reid – a cross batted heave that went over longon – was particularly memorable. Six sixes in an innings was an Indian record at the time. But he was outshone by Dilip Vengsarkar who scored 164* in the same innings. They added a record 298* for the sixth wicket.

He scored hundreds in the quarter final and semifinal of the Duleep trophy, but West Zone lost to South on first innings lead in the latter match. Shastri's only other score over fifty in the season was a particularly dull 125 against Pakistan in the Jaipur Test. He did well enough to be the man of the one day series. In the first one day match against Pakistan he captained India for the first time, scoring 50 and taking three wickets. He took four wickets at Calcutta and 69* at Hyderabad in two thrilling finishes. Later at Nagpur with India facing a big target, he scored 52 in 40 balls.


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In early 1987, he presented a 15 minute coaching series which went by the name 'That's Cricket'. This was aired on the national channel Doordarshan on Sunday mornings. There were even rumours of an involvement with actress Amrita Singh.[18]

County cricketIn 1987, Glamorgan contracted Shastri to play for them. He stayed with them until 1991, with a break in 1990 due to India's tour of England. Shastri's presence did little for the fortunes of the county which finished at the bottom of the first class table in two of those seasons. Shastri topped 1000 runs in 1989 and scored hundreds in both innings against Middlesex. His best bowling performance of 7 for 49 (11 for 90) in the match came against Lancashire in 1988, where he got bounce and turn and was 'unplayable' according to Wisden. The almanack noticed that Shastri was already becoming reluctant to bowl.

1988 was by far the best of the seasons for Glamorgan in one day matches. They finished 5th in the Sunday League – up from 14 in 1987 – and reached the semifinal of the Benson & Hedges Cup. Shastri won the leading six hitter award for the Sunday league matches of 1988 with 14 sixes. He was part of the MCC team that played a Rest of the World team in the MCC bicentennial match at Lord's in 1987.

Always the bridesmaidIndia lost the final Test at Bangalore to lose the 1986–87 series against Pakistan. Kapil Dev was widely cricticised in the media for his captaincy. The selectors retained him as captain in the Reliance World Cup at the beginning of the 1987–88 season. Shastri failed with the bat in the Reliance Cup but formed a successful bowling partnership with Maninder Singh, another left arm spinner. India topped its group but went down to England in the semifinal. Kapil Dev received more cricticisms for skying a catch to deep midwicket when a win was still a possibility.

About this time, Vengsarkar emerged as the strongest candidate to take over from Kapil. He had had a dream run with the bat, starting from the series in England in 1986. In 1987, the newly established Deloitte ratings (the forerunner of the current LG ratings) ranked him the best batsman in the world. The Indian selectors have conventionally leaned towards making the best player of the team the captain. So before the home series against West Indies, Kapil was sacked and Vengsarkar was made the Indian captain.

Vengsarkar had his left arm fractured in the third Test and Shastri captained India for the only time in his Test career. On an underprepared turning track in Madras, India won the toss and elected to bat first. Debutant Narendra Hirwani took 16 for 136 as India won by 255 runs to draw the series 1–1. Apart from this, Shastri did little with bat or ball. West Indies won 7 of the eight one day matches, he was the captain in six of them. Vengsarkar meanwhile picked up a six month ban from BCCI for writing newspaper columns. So Shastri continued as the captain for a three nations tournament in Sharjah in April. Sri Lanka and New Zealand were the other teams and India won easily.

India travelled to West Indies in early 1989. Though a failure overall, Shastri played the best innings by either side in the series. It came at Bridgetown in the second Test. India trailed by 56 in the first innings and lost the six second innings wickets for 63. Batting at No.3, Shastri was last out for a courageous 107 out of 251 allout. Looking back at the end of the his career, he was to consider this his finest innings.[19] The bowlers were Malcolm Marshall, Curtly Ambrose, Courtney Walsh and Ian Bishop and the pitch, difficult.

On the way back many of the Indian players took part in an exhibition match in USA. BCCI suspended the players. Though the suspension was later revoked, Vengsarkar was sacked. Srikkanth became the new captain and Shastri, yet again, the deputy. After an indifferent series in Pakistan, both were excluded from the tour of New Zealand in 1990. Azharuddin led an experimental team which a selector called the 'team of the nineties'. Within a few weeks, the phrase got the status of a joke. Shastri was recalled for the tour to England that summer as the vice-captain.


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The Indian SummerSince 1985, Shastri's career had been in steady decline but he was able to turn it around in 1990. The pitches in England were good for batting and he scored two hundreds in the three Tests. He was now back as an opener. While India faced a huge England score at Lord's, he scored an exact hundred. It wasn't a faultless innings – too often he played and missed and most of the runs came with his usual flicks and nudges. He went to his hundred hitting the English spinner Eddie Hemmings for two fours and a six in an over, and departed immediately attempting another big hit.

He topped this with 187 at the Oval. Journalist and commentator Harsha Bhogle's description of this innings holds true for many of Shastri's major efforts [20]:

Watching Shastri bat is like admiring the Qutub Minar; tall, timeless, solid. You admire it for the virtues, not for its style. For nine hours and 21 minutes, he chiselled away the England attack and the sculpture that he left behind represented perseverance and craft. There was the usual stoic, expressionless face under the helmet, but you could see the determination in his eyes as he planted himself at the wicket, struck root and bore fruit.

Only occasionally, the bat wavered in its resolve but the mind put it on the right path again, almost in admonishment, and the bat grew broader and straighter ... He may never be a Gavaskar, but he at least represents the great man's virtues, even if by proxy. It would be a relief too, to know that he will never throw away his wicket for nobody guards his crease more fiercely.

Following the innings at Oval, Shastri scored his career best score of 217 in the Irani trophy in the opening match of the Indian season and a top score of 88 on a very bad wicket in the Chandigarh Test against Sri Lanka. He carried his bat for 101* against the same opponents in a one day match a week later, reaching the hundred with a two off the last ball. Next year in South Africa's first–ever ODI series on their return to international cricket, he scored 109 at Delhi, his fourth and last one day hundred. A series of abandoned tours meant India played few matches at home at this time.

At the end of 1991, India travelled to Australia for a five Test series, to be followed by the World Cup. Channel 9 dubbed it the Indian Summer. The series was a disaster for India – they lost four of the Tests – and was rife with umpiring controversies. But it also saw the final flourishes in the careers of Shastri and Kapil Dev.

Shastri took 5 wickets for 15 runs against Australia in an early match in the World Series Cup. It was then the best bowling figures by an Indian in ODIs. Most of the wickets were gratuitously earned, though – three batsmen were caught on the legside boundary and another stumped. In the third Test at Sydney, he scored his only double hundred in Test cricket, the first by an Indian against Australia. He was dropped in the sixties by the Australian leg–spinner Shane Warne, who was making his debut, off his own bowling. Amidst frequent interruptions by rain, he completed his hundred early on the fourth day and a six off Warne brought up the 150. He finally fell to a tired shot at Warne after nine and a half hours, scoring 206 with 17 fours and the two sixes, thus becoming Warne's first Test wicket.

It was also during this innings that the knee injury that would soon end his career appeared for the first time. India had gone into the match with four pace bowlers and no regular spinners. Shastri was little more than a part–time bowler by this time. By the final day, pitch started taking spin. Shastri took four wickets in the second innings and Australia just about beat the clock to draw the match. India could well have won the match with another spinner.[21][22]

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The remaining WSC matches followed the Sydney Test. In the second final against Australia Shastri worsened the knee injury. At the later stages of the innings he was forced to stand and slog. After a few quick runs, it ended in an inevitable mishit to cover. He missed the remaining two Test matches, both of which India lost. For a while it seemed doubtful that he would be able to play the World Cup which was being hosted by Australia and New Zealand, but was included at the last moment.

In their second match, India chased 238 to win in 50 overs against Australia. A rain interruption meant that the target was revised to 236 in 47 overs. Shastri took 67 balls for his 25; India went on to lose by one run. He was blamed for the defeat and dropped from the remaining matches of the tournament.

In the next season, South Africa hosted India for their first ever tour. Shastri opened in all four Tests and struggled to score runs. The only bright spot was a 16 ball 27 not out, in India's one day win at Centurion park. He had batted down the order in the one day matches of this series. In reference to the World Cup innings against Australia, he commented later that for once he knew what his exact role was.

India hosted England immediately after the South Africa series. The knee injury returned before the series and put Shastri out of cricket for eight months. He never again represented India in international cricket.

Bombay breezed through the West Zone league of the 1993–94 Ranji trophy winning all four matches – a very rare feat [23] – by big margins. With the Test players away, Shastri captained the young team in the knockout matches. Bombay defeated Haryana by an innings and 202 runs in the pre quarter final but ran into trouble against Karnataka in the next round. Against 406, Bombay lost their first six for 174, before Shastri and Sairaj Bahutule added 259 in six hours. Shastri's individual score was 151. Bombay survived the best part of the last day to win on first innings lead. Shastri scored 612 runs in the season and took 17 wickets at 15. Bombay went on to beat Bengal in a low scoring final to lift the Ranji trophy. It was their first championship since the famous win against Delhi nine years ago.

In September 1994, while in Sri Lanka covering the Singer World Series, Shastri announced his retirement from first class cricket.

In late 1990, Shastri married Ritu Singh. He made his debut as a TV commentator with the World Masters Tournament in Mumbai in March 1995.[3] He soon became one of the prominent commentators of the ESPN–Star sports channel ( listen (help·info) ). Shaz and Waz, his talk show with Wasim Akram, was a very popular program. In 2003, he collaborated in starting up Showdiff Worldwide, a celebrity management company. He has since served ICC and BCCI in temporary official capacities and as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. Some of his temporary shows, such as Super Spells, still run Star Sports and related channels. He and fellow commentator Sunil Gavaskar ended their long-term associations with ESPN-STAR Sports in April 2008 as they were contracted by the BCCI as commentators for the lucrative Indian Premier League which is being broadcast by rival network Sony Max.[1] 2008 also held great significance for Shastri as he became the father of Aleka at the age of 46.[24] He temporarily coached the Indian cricket team for their 2007 Bangladesh tour. He was named the Celebrity Torchbearer for the Oman Leg of the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay.

[edit] References1. ^ "Some interesting trademark shots". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 14 July 2001.

http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/14/stories/07140288.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-02.2. ^ "Restraint is the essence". The Hindu. http://www.hinduonnet.com/tss/tss2535/25350240.htm. Retrieved

2007-05-02.3. ^ a b Raju Bharatan, "Ravi Shastri : Always 'on the ball'", Special Portrait, Indian Cricket 2002.4. ^ a b The champion of champions5. ^ Ravi Shastri's Father Dr M J Shastri (77) Passes away6. ^ Report of Sanket Chavan improving Shastri's Giles shield record7. ^ a b Javed Akhtar, The Young Veteran, Interview with Ravi Shastri, World of Cricket, April 1986


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8. ^ Pradeep Vijayakar, Cricketer of the Year article, Indian Cricket 19819. ^ Wisden review of India in New Zealand 1980–8110. ^ Indian Cricket 1983, p.3, in the review of the tour of West Indies11. ^ a b Indian Cricket 198512. ^ Sunil Gavaskar, One day wonders13. ^ An article about the car that Shastri won as the Champion of Champions14. ^ The Age, March 19, 198515. ^ The Age, Feb 14, 198516. ^ David McMahon, Interview with Shastri, Sportsworld 24–30 April 198517. ^ Ayaz Memon, "Bombay pull off a remarkable win", Sportsweek, April 17–23, 198518. ^ BBC/Indiatimes interview19. ^ Interview with Cricinfo in 199420. ^ Harsha Bhogle, The Joy of a Lifetime : India's tour of England 199021. ^ Wisden 1992 (accessed June 25, 2005)22. ^ Cricinfo match reports of India in Australia 1991/2 (accessed June 25, 2005)23. ^ Indian Cricket 1994. Indian Cricket goes on to say that 1993–4 was the first time that a team won all its

matches in the West Zone league but it certainly is not true. Gujarat in 1977-78 is an earlier instance of a team winning all four of its West Zone matches.

24. ^ Up Close With Ravi Shastri


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