safe medication administration for nicu patients · · 2007-03-26safe medication administration...
TRANSCRIPT
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Safe Medication Administration for NICU Patients
Franklin Square Hospital Center
Cheryl Wood, CRNP, BSN, RN, Alan D. Bedrick, M.D., Nakia Eldridge Pharm.D
Acknowledgements to Kim Dunston, BSN,RN, Zoe Denham, RN, Brenda Shinsky,RN, Mary Sharkey, RN,
Michael Blazejak, R.Ph.
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Past Practice
PixusUnit of UseStocked by pharmacyNurses dispensed dose of medication for their patient. (0.5kg and 5kg)Override capabilities
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Identified issues
Pixus not stocked with medications neededNurse dispensing the correct doseProfiles not in pixus and delaysMixing medications with vials in the binsSyringes to bedside without patient labels and dosingLevels of medications never consistent
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Quality Improvement
Literature searches for best practiceDiscussed with other hospital their practicesVisited other hospitals to see the practice in action and speak to pharmacy, physicians and staff.
– Physician order issues– Pharmacy dispensing– Staff administration
Benchmarked with our sister hospitals for best practice
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Identification of problem
Was this the safest way to administer medications to premature/sick newborns?What was the best practice?Where to begin?
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Failure Mode Effects Analysis
FMEA
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Team
MedicineNursing –day and nightPharmacyUnit SecretariesNeonatal Nurse PractitionersEducation SpecialistPharmacy TechniciansManagement
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Order Missed Illegible Order
Transcribed incorrectly Multiple Nursing Policies Incomplete Order No pharmacy policy Scanner Down
Incorrect Information Various locations of policies
No Order Not Scanned to Pharmacy Missing / Wrong Label Wrong amount or route Wrong medication name Illegible label Wrong bag of medication Incorrect Label Wrong type of syringe Wrong time Additional doses given
Wrong calculation Delivery delays Wrong dose Missed dose
Illegible label
Wrong route
WRITING ORDERS
ADMINISTRATION DISPENSING
TRANSCRIPTION POLICY
SAFE
MEDICATION
ADMINISTRATION
FOR NICU
PATIENTS
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Writing orders
Illegible order– Order needed to be written and legible or it would
not be filled.– No abbreviations would be accepted– Order needs to stand alone– Print name or use hospital number for identification
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Writing orders
Incomplete Order– Date– Time– Weight– Medication – Dose– Route– Milligram/kg– Frequency– Times to be given– Indication– Signature/Number– No abbreviations
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Writing orders
Incorrect order– Checked when placed in Que in the pharmacy for
dose and indication– High risk medications checked by 2 medical staff
members
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Writing orders
No order – verbal orders or discussions in rounds without order written– In the past the nurse would override the pixus and
administer the medication– No medication is given unless the order is written.
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Writing orders
Missing/Wrong Label– Name and DOB are checked with MAR, order and
patient prior to administration and if the wrong label is on the order it is caught at that time.
– Missing label will not be filled
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Transcription
Order Missed– Orders checked at the change of each shift– All orders taken to US– When placed at bedside order sheet flagged
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Transcription
Transcribed Incorrectly– Scan to pharmacy– Placed in computer– MAR printed in NICU– Electronic MAR is printed and checked by 2 RN
staff at the change of each shift.
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Transcription
Scanner Down– Call from pharmacy – Walk to pharmacy
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Transcription
Not Scanned to Pharmacy– Orders checked for completion at change of shift.
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Medication Policy
Multiple nursing policies– ONE POLICY
Writing an orderTranscriptionPreparation and DispensingMedication Cart Access and UseAdministrationControlled substance inventoryContinued Bolus of Narcotic
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Medication Policy
No Pharmacy Policy– Combined policy for Physician, Nursing and
Pharmacy
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Medication Policy
Various Locations of Policies– On line for ease of access to everyone– Copy on top of the medication cart.
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Dispensing
Wrong medication name – Indication needed for every order– Checked in pharmacy once when placed in Que and
then with two nurses as they check the MAR with the original order
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Dispensing
Wrong amount or route– concentration – standard concentration– Wrong syringe – check in pharmacy/NICU with
label/MAR/order. Oral syringe amber with oral adaptor.
– Checked with 2 RN staff for amount and route
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Dispensing
Incorrect labelWrong calculation– Checked in pharmacy by tech/pharmacist and in the
NICU with 2 professional staff– Weight and milligrams per KG on every order
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Dispensing
Delivery Delays– Pick up/delivery delay – flag
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Dispensing
Illegible label– No medication is given if it is not legible.
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Administration
Medication from wrong bag– checking system
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Administration
Wrong time – Missed dose– MAR checked with times– Circle and document if not given on time
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Administration
Wrong route– oral/IV syringes– Connections with Oral gastric tube only to fit an
oral syringe.
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Administration
Additional doses– 24 hour supply only
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Administration
Wrong Dose – With all checks in place this should never
happen.– Our goal would be to have no medication
administration errors.
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STAT Medications
All medications are unit dose– Respiratory medications.– Nebulizer treatments.– Aerosol treatments.
Emergency stock – Morphine only
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Cart System
Individual binIndividual bags for medications/narcoticsChecked every 12 hoursNarcotic check every 12 hours and download cart every monthDiscrepancy
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Staff Feelings on the FMEA Process
Positive experience with all disciplinesRealization of the number of ways things could go wrong.No blame environment as we brainstormed and as we track occurrences.Positive feeling that I helped make the system safer. The nurse is the last line of defense in giving medications.
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Pre-FMEA (2005), 60 occurrences were reported between January –December.
- Most occurrences were in the areas of dispensing and administration.Post-FMEA (2006), 74 occurrences were reported between January –December.
- The dispensing errors increased by 20%. - The administration errors decreased by 24%.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Ordering Dispnsing Adminstr Documnt
20052006
12% 13%
39%
59%
3% 0%
46%
24%
Types of Occurrences
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Types of Occurrences
Administration – 24% of all occurrences– Missed doses – 16%– Wrong times –50%– IV fluids not changed 24 Hour -5%– IL not turned off at 12 hours- 10%– Wrong dose to patient –5%– Wrong patient – 0– Wrong medication – 0– Hepatitis B twice – 5% - Med reconciliation– Medication found at bedside – 5%
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Types of Occurrences
Dispensing – 59% of all occurrences– Wrong dose – 43%– Additional syringes –5%– Delay of medication to cart – 36%– Wrong medication sent – 2%– Wrong form – 9%– MAR incorrect with order- 2%– Wrong IV fluid sent- 2%
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Types of Occurrences
Ordering – 13%– TPN issues – osmolarity – 10%– Incorrect order –80%– Wrong patient – 10%– No signature – 10%