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SWOV
Safe System principles: from theory to practice
Dr Henk Stipdonk, Dr Wendy Weijermars
October 3rd, Paris
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Safe systems, not just road safety
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Principles of a Safe System
1. People make mistakes that can lead to road crashes.
2. The human body has a limited physical ability to tolerate crash forces before harm occurs
3. A shared responsibility exists amongst those who design, build, maintain and use roads and vehicles and provide post-crash care to prevent crashes resulting in serious injury or death.
4. All parts of the system must be strenghtened to multiply their effects; and if one part fails, road users are still protected
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Paradigm shift
A safe system starts with a shift in the way of thinking:
• Ethical imperative: no human should be killed or seriously injured as a result of a road crash, as the blame is partly on the system.
• Once this ethical imperative is accepted, we can no longer blame the victim or the driver; we have to change the system. Hence, we must accept the four principles of a safe system
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Paradigm shift; an illustration.
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The Dutch story in examples
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Ingredients for a paradigm shift
The principles of a safe system are simple and clear. But how to get there?
• Urgency for a change
• Convince and involve all stakeholders
• Leadership
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Urgency for a change
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2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
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ad d
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Trend in 2010
Decade of Action Goal
WHO data
SDG
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Urgency for a change; the Dutch story
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other
truck occupants
car occupants
motorcyclists
mopedists
cyclists
pedestrians
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Involve and convince stakeholders
• A new approach is needed (urgency for a change)
• A Safe System is the way to go
• Creating a Safe System is possible and within reach (but not all roads lead to Rome; some roads roam to Leeds).
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Involve and convince stakeholders; The Dutch story
Relevant stakeholders brought each other in line to produce a well supported approach (1993-1997).
• Provincial chairman of steering group.
• Demonstration projects
• Subsidies (50%) for road authorities’ projects
• Agreeing experts (one mouth )
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Leadership
• Sweden 1995/1997; “Vision zero”. Minister of Transport, Parliament, Director of Trafikverket: strong support continues until today.
• France 2002; Jacques Chirac: “the fight against poor road safety”
• Australia 2007/2008; Towards zero: Parliamentary support
• UK, Netherlands, …
Without support from above, our efforts are in vain.
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Leadership; the Dutch story
Distributed leadership.
• Director of road safety (ministry of transport).
• Provincial chairman of steering group.
• SWOV management
Together they made the difference. In the Netherlands, cooperation and shared responsibility is a common concept for success.
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How the Dutch story continued…
Second phase not yet started. Solutions are more complex and demand more budget.
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Diversity in vehicle fleet
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Roads with two functions
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How the Dutch story continued…
Second phase not yet started. Solutions are more complex and demand more budget.
It is important to maintain support from stakeholders.
• Show that additional road safety improvements are still needed
• Show that the vision works (10 years of sustainable safety; TRR)
• Update the vision and its implementation strategy (SWOV 2007;2016)
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Summary
• Principles of a safe system – People are human. They make mistakes. – People are vulnerable. – All road safety professionals must co-operate. – All parts of the system are involved.
• A safe system starts with a paradigm shift: – Urgency for a change – Convince and involve stakeholders – Leadership
• Maintain support from stakeholders • Embed the Safe System in policy, guidelines, road
design courses, relevant organisations etcetera.