safety in medical lab. biohazard ◦ an agent of biological origin that has the capacity to produce...
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SAFETY IN MEDICAL LAB
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Biohazard◦An agent of biological origin that has the capacity to produce deleterious effects on humans, animals, plants and insects. These include microorganisms, toxins and allergens derived from those organisms; and allergens and toxins derived from insects, animals and plants.
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Corrosive
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Toxic Highly Toxic
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Highly flammable Health hazard
Accelerator
Explosive
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Radioactive hazard Biological hazard
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Infectious substances
Diagnostic specimens
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Protection: workers “products” co-workers lab support personnel environment
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Collection, transport & manipulation
Any biological sample may be infectiousand therefore presents a hazard to anyperson handling
during collection
during transport
during opening and proceeding
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Sample Collection
by patients» faeces urine sputum
by medical staff» blood sternal punctureaspiration liquids pus
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Precautions during sample collectionProtect collector, colleague, staff...
wear gloves, coat, (mask, glasses) dispose needles in special containers,
without re-capping, disinfection (sodium hypochlorite 2.5%), incineration
clean working surfaces (hypochlorite) decontaminate material (hypochlorite 10%)
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HBV, HIV virus present in blood, body fluids Accidentally cutting yourself with a sharp object
that is contaminated with infected blood, body fluids
Infected blood or body fluid on skin especially with open cuts, sores
Getting contaminated blood or body fluid in eyes, mouth.
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Knowledgeable supervisor Knowledgeable personnel
◦ Aware of potential hazards◦ Proficient in practices &◦ techniques
Lab specific biosafety manual
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Strictly follow guidelines: Demonstrate proficiency Receive appropriate training Report incidents Participate in medical surveillance
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Decontaminate work surfaces
Report spills and accidentsNo animals in laboratories
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Sample preparation
Prefer vials such as vacutainers
coagulation at room temp.
centrifuge carefully
avoid aerosols store
– serology: -20 C - 4 C
– virology: freeze rapidly
– bacteriology: store at room temperature
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Use safety cups whenever possible Disinfect weekly and after all spills or
breakages Do not use rotors that have been dropped
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Check tubes for cracks/ chips. Use matched sets of tubes, buckets etc. Tightly seal all tubes and safety cups. Ensure that rotor is locked to spindle and
bucket seated. Close lid during operation. Allow to come to complete stop before
opening.
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Universal Precautions TREAT ALL BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS AS POTENTIALLY
INFECTIOUS. Skin protects from pathogens - cuts, dermatitis,
chapping, small cracks allow germs to enter the body First aid - use gloves, have as little contact as possible
with blood or body fluids Wash hands with antibacterial soap after contact After contact, flush eyes and face with fresh water for
several minutes
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After an accident, the entire area must be cleaned with disinfectant
Cleaning equipment must be disinfected Wear gloves while cleaning, apron or
goggles if appropriate Restrict access to the area Use disposable towels - dispose of
properly
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Cleaning surfaces contaminated with blood, body fluids
ALWAYS wear gloves and protective apron or clothing
Be alert for sharp objects, broken glassware, used syringes in trash
Do not pick up broken glass - use brush or broom & dustpan
Dispose of glass, sharp objects safely Laundry - bloody or contaminated linens or sharp
objects
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Wash hands & remove protective clothing before eating, drinking, smoking, handling contact lenses, applying lip balm or cosmetics
Keep hands away from eyes, nose, mouth while cleaning
Frequent handwashing is best defense against spreading infection
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Protect yourself on and off the job- know the facts
Practice good personal hygiene Follow work rules, use gloves and
protective clothing Wash your hands often, after work or
exposure Keep areas clean - report problems
immediately to supervisors