1. SAFETY MEASURES FOR TABLE-TOPRUNWAY OF MANGALORE AIRPORTPresented By:Ambika Kuity (12103161)Pranamesh Chakraborty (12103046)Subrat Naik (12103059)Team -3

2. The Mangalore Air CrashDate 22nd May, 2010Causalities- 158 peopleThird Deadliest Aviation Disaster in IndiaThe table top runway in Mangalore airporthas been identified to be a causative factorfor this crash.Source: Report on Air India Express Boeing 737-800 Aircraft VT-AXV (Gokhale 3. How did the Accident OccurredThe aircraft overshot the runway including the stripof 60 meters and runway safety area of 90 metersIts right wing bore upon the localiser antennastructure located further at 85 meters from the end ofRESAFell into the gorge and broke into three pieces 4. Important Runway Safety measures suggested by Ministryof Civil Aviation of IndiaThe RESA should be ploughed periodically to reduce thegrowth of shrubs and vegetation in this zoneRegular sand filling and ploughing act as Soft groundarrestor (SGA) at RESA.The ILS mounting structure should be frangible in nature.Installation of Distance to Go Markers (DTGM) onrunway shouldersThere should be no downward slope in the overshoot areafor table top runway.urce: Report on Air India Express Boeing 737-800 Aircraft VT-AXV (Gokhale, BN, 2010) 5. Safety Measures to prevent Runway OverrunEngineered Materials Arresting Systems (EMAS) in RESASoft Ground Arresting System (SGAS)Lead-in-Approach lighting systemFrangible ILS Mounting Structure 6. Engineered Materials Arresting Systems (EMAS)EMAS is a bed of cellular cement blocksIt is designed such that will crush under the weight of aircraft.The loss of energy due to crushing of the EMAS materials slowsdown the overrunning aircraftIt is placed at the end of the runway to decelerate an overrunningaircraft.Theory of Operation of EMAS(IATA Regional Workshop, 2011). 7. General Configuration Operation of EMAS(IATA Regional Workshop, 2011).Engineered Materials Arresting Systems (Contd.)Successful Applications:-Currently there are 48 EMAS installed at 32 airports around theworld. From 2004-2010, 3 overrun accidents were arrested by EMAS and atotal of 5 accidents till date.EMAS arresting overrun accidents(IATA Regional Workshop, 2011). 8. Cost of Installation of EMASNormalized mean costs from survey compared with FAA Order 5200.9 9. Frangible ILS Mounting StructureAny equipment or installation required for air navigation purposeslocated on a Runway End Safety Area (RESA) should be frangible andmounted as low as possible(Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 6, Section1.3.3). LocationThe ILS localizer should preferably be located on the extended centreline beyond thefar end of the runway.Failure ModeTwo types of design can be done:-1.Modular design, which on impact, disintegrates and allows the aircraft to passthrough2.One-piece design, which on impact, are deflected away by the aircraft, but do notdisintegrate 10. Frangibility can be achieved by usingFrangible ILS Mounting Structure (Contd.)Frangible ConnectionFrangible Members.Fuse Bolt-Frangible Connections(Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 6)Frangible Tower(Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 6) 11. SOFT GROUND ARRESTING SYSTEM (SGAS) In late 1960s Great Britain started experiment onSGAS Arrestor bed was made by formaldehyde foam ofvarying depth, length and densityLanding mass 120,000 poundsSpeed upto 56 knots It shows that arrestor bed is independent of speed 12. Arresting system is actively employed by US navy as shown inthe figure The facility of using nets and cables require high installation andmaintenance cost which may create as an obstacle on runway Rapid deceleration causes discomfort to passengers, crewmembers and aircraft integrity After research of accident of JFK International Airport PlasticFoam covered Overrun shows more suitable alternative.Fig: Plastic Foam &SGAS at JFKInternational Airport(FAA)SOFT GROUND ARRESTING SYSTEM (Contd.)Anchor chain as arresting gear for aircraft used by U.S. air Force(Source: 1st Tactical studies group (2011), Submarine aircraft carriers) 13. SGAS Installation conditionsAs per Federal Aviation Administration, 1000mlength is required beyond the runway end forminimizing the hazards of overruns of aircraft.a) There may be obstacles likeroad and rail lines.b) It may contain natural obstaclessuch as bodies of water orsharp drop-offs.c) Environmental restrained likewetland encroachment 14. What does SGAS do?Fig: Wheel/Foam Interface Model(Source: White, J.C et. al., 1993) 15. Lead-in-Approach Lighting System Bremen Airport, Germany Calicut International Airport, India Increasing safety during night and poor visibility conditionFig : Approach lighting system at Bremen airport Calicut airport with frangible structure(Tom Allett (2012), Polite backs Indias Safety Approach") 16. ConclusionsThe different options to reduce the risks of runwayoverrun in the table-top runway of Mangalore Airportare Install EMAS bed in RESA, frangible ILS localizer toreduce the impact on the aircraft in case it overshoots LED lighting system can also be installed to improvevisibility in case of bad weather. 17. Future Scope of Study Runway Overrun Prevention System (ROPS)Runway Overrun Warning (ROW)referred Runway Overrun Protection(ROP) 18. References1. Aerodrome Design Manual, Part-6, (2006) "Frangibility", International Civil Aviation Organisation.2. "Developing Improved Civil Aircraft Arresting Systems", ACRP Report 29 (2009). Transportation ResearchBoard, Washington D.C.3. FAA AC 150/5220-22B, (2012) "Engineered Materials Arresting Systems (EMAS) for Aircraft Overruns",Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), U.S Department of Transportation.4. FAA AC 150/5300-13, (1989) "Airport Design", Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), U.S Department ofTransportation.5. FAA AC 150/5340-1K, (2010) "Standards for Airport Markings", Federal Aviation Administration (FAA),U.S Department of Transportation.6. FAA AC 150/5300-23, (2009) "Frangible Connections", Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), U.SDepartment of Transportation.7. 1st Tactical studies group (2011), Submarine Aircraft Carriers: The Future for The US Navy in The 21stCentury.8. Gokhale, BN. (2010), Report on Accident to Air India Express Boeing 737-800 Aircraft VT-AXV on 22ndMay 2010 at Mangalore, Government of India, Ministry of Civil Aviation.9. Mangalore Airport (India) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved on August 28,2012 fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalore_International_Airport.10. Tom Allett (2012), Polite backs Indias Safety Approach.11. Use of Technology to mitigate overrun aftermath.(2011) International Air Transport Association (IATA)Regional Workshop. Runway Excursion Risk Reduction(RERR) 2nd Edition.12. White, J.C., Cook, R.E., Agarwal, S.K. (1993), Soft Ground Arresting System for Airports, (Report onDOT/FAA/CT-93/80), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), U.S. Department of Transportation. 19. Thank you