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SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES Mains Systems and Protective Measures

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Page 1: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL

INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

Mains Systems and Protective Measures

Page 2: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

MAINS SYSTEMS AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Testing Protective Measures

Page 3: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

3

CONTENTS

Didactic Solutions

General Information

Editorial ...................................................................................................................................................... 4

Training Concept ...................................................................................................................................... 10

Mains Systems and Protective Measures

Protective Measures and Device Safety .................................................................................................... 16

Mains Supply ............................................................................................................................................ 18

Electrical System in a Customer's Home .................................................................................................. 20

Residual Current Devices - RCDs ............................................................................................................. 24

Sub-distribution in a Customer's Home .................................................................................................... 28

IT System: Insulation Monitoring ............................................................................................................... 34

Courseware .............................................................................................................................................. 36

VDE 100 / Service Entrance / BST® .......................................................................................................... 38

Loads on the Neutral Conductor

Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Loads .................................................................................................... 42

Non-linear Load ........................................................................................................................................ 47

Measurements with the Oscilloscope Board ............................................................................................. 48

Courseware .............................................................................................................................................. 50

Intelligent System Solutions ...................................................................................................................... 52

Testing Electrical Devices

Safety of Electrical Equipment / Simulator Boxes for DIN VDE 0701-0702 ................................................ 58

Courseware / Accessories ........................................................................................................................ 60

Project ..................................................................................................................................................... 62

Courseware ............................................................................................................................................. 64

Measuring and Test Instruments

Digital Multimeter / Analog Multimeter ....................................................................................................... 68

Electric Testers and Current Clamp Meters ............................................................................................... 70

Installation and Appliance Testers ............................................................................................................. 72

Power Quality Analyzers............................................................................................................................ 76

Thermal Imager ........................................................................................................................................ 77

Information and Consultation

Quality is the Key to Success .................................................................................................................... 78

We will help you ... .................................................................................................................................... 80

Your Enquiry ............................................................................................................................................. 83

Made

in

Germany

Page 4: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

4 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Editorial

ETS DIDACTIC is your partner for in-house and institutional education

and training in the professional fields of electrical engineering and me-

tal technology.

Subjects like pneumatics, Electropneumatics, drive technology, power

electronics, automation engineering, sensor systems, bus systems,

instrumentation, gear technology and the complete scope of building

systems engineering including renewable energies can all be counted

among the strengths of the company.

The spectrum of services offered by ETS DIDACTIC ranges from the

planning and outfitting of complete training facilities to the provision

of learning and teaching materials. Apart from the after-sales service,

the offering of services is rounded off by practical workshops specially

tailored for trainers and instructors.

Vocational schools, training centres of the ICC, Chamber of Crafts or

the industry, polytechnics and universities are among the long-stan-

ding customers of ETS DIDACTIC.

PEOPlE AnD TEChnOlOgy – OnE unIT TO SuCCESSWelcome to ETS DIDACTIC

Udo Urban

Managing Director

ETS DIDACTIC

Page 5: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

5

ETS DIDACTIC is the pioneer and market leader in the development,

manufacture and sales of electrical, automation and mechatronic

workstations for training and instruction.

ETS DIDACTIC counts among the leading international manufacturers

in the market environment. Located in Kinding, in the beautiful natural

reserve of Altmuehltal – high-quality products and solutions are deve-

loped and manufactured for you.

In the training centre in Kinding, the focus is on the practical applica-

tion of the systems and fast learning of new technologies by the cus-

tomers.

The knowledge, experience and the above-average personal involve-

ment of the motivated employees of ETS DIDACTIC.

Technology that Fascinates: Understanding - Comprehending- Applying

Page 6: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

INGOLSTADT HBF

NÜRNBERG HBF(Anschlüsse in alle Richtungen)

MÜNCHEN HBF(Anschlüsse in alle Richtungen)

INGOLSTADT NORD

KINDING (Altmühltal)

ALLERSBERG (Rothsee)

Augsburg

Donauwörth

Treuchtlingen

Regensburg

Welcome in Germany - Bavaria

With the start-up of the new ICE-route between Munich and Nurem-

berg, the Altmühl region, with its regional railway station at Kinding

has got a new connection to the national and international railway net-

work. You now have the option to travel comfortably by train when you

visit us for seminars taking place in Kinding-Haunstetten. There are lo-

cal taxi companies in service for the drive to Haunstetten. We would be

happy to provide help in organising the trip.

MADE IN GERMANY

Visit us in the valley of river Altmühl

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Visit us

6 www.ets-didactic.de

Page 7: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

Naturpark Altmühltal

Kloster Weltenburg

7

Page 8: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

8 www.elabo-ts.com

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Technology and Man – A Perfect Match

PEOPLE AND TECHNOLOGY – A PERFECT MATCH

To plan a custom-made room concept with you, we proceed in the following steps

Analysis

Procurement

Design

Construction

Conception

Consultation / Planning

Service / Seminars

A good room concept is based on professional

advice. The technical consulants of ETS DIDAC-

TIC are pleased to support you in the local plan-

and experience.

Planning a room concept is more than selecting

the furniture. Each room concept is adapted to

and developed for the local requirements of the

customer.

Taking into account the learning contents an

equipment list can be set up. As soon as the ex-

and designed.

Page 9: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

9www.elabo-ts.com 9

Page 10: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

10 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Training Concept

Compact Boards

Their didactical concept makes our training systems in A4 format

outstanding.

The photorealistic design of their front panels with pictures and war-

ning signs assist and guide the user in his experiment.

The systems can be mounted in an A4 frame or placed directly on

a table.

Experiment Boxes

Construct your own

experiments – from simple

wiring to complex circuits.

...always close to practice

BST®-BuildingSystemsTrainer

IDACTIC

for building automation – based on real components.

PEOPLE AND TECHNOLOGY – A PERFECT MATCH

Outstanding Solutions for Didactic Concepts

Page 11: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

11

Page 12: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

12 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Training Concept

Structure of the Manuals

Ringbinder principle

Dividers

Incorporation of personal documents

Instructor's Manual / Student Manual

100 % function guarantee

High print quality

Digital and printed

Original photographs

with practical references

Detailed work instructions

Tansparency sets / Manufacturer documents

Colour tansparencies with legend

Clear layout

Fundamental instruction

Various languages

Furniture

Technically matched conception

Excellent functionality

Ergonomics at the workplace

Outstanding design

com

pact

motiv

atin

g

erg

onom

ics

Praktikumsversuche

Energieversorgungssysteme 1

Energieversorgungssysteme

Praktikumsversuche Version 4.3 – Best.Nr. 43 511

Ausbilderteil

Energieversorgungssysteme 1

Energieversorgungssysteme

Ausbilderteil Version 4.3 – Best.Nr. 43 510

Foliensatz

Energieversorgungssysteme

Energieversorgungssysteme

Foliensatz Version 4.3 – Best.Nr. 43 512

Energieversorgungssysteme ELABO

BST®–Protective Measure

Hausanschlusskasten

Einspeisung L1, L2, L3, N, PE

BetriebsartenschalterMessen/Betrieb

EIN-/AUS-SchalterPhasenkontrolle

Zähleranlage mitVerteiler

Verbraucherstromkreise

Haupterdungsschieneund

Potentialausgleich

36

Learning software

Accompanying hard- and software

Individual learning progress

Combination of theory and practice

Function simulation

multi

med

ia TeachwareBest.-Nr.: 43 510

EnergieversorgungssystemeBST®–BuildingSystemsTrainer

Ausbilderteil

Version 4.3

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®ELABOTrainingsSysteme GmbH Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

TECHNOCards®

Depiction of the parameters

in function groups

Commissioning instructions

Safety functions

Individual learning aid

pra

ctic

e-

orie

nte

d

TN-S-System

TT-System

L1L2L3NPE

(Betriebserder)

Brückenstecker Netzform

Brückenstecker Netzform

Fundamenterder

Fundamenterder

(Betriebserder) (Anlagenerder)

43514-DEU

Protective Measures – ÜbersichtBST®−BuildingSystemsTrainer

Beachten Sie beim Aufbau und bei der Er-probung der Anlage alle erforderlichen Si-cherheitsbestimmungen, die Laborordnung und die erforderlichen Schutzmaßnahmen!

ACHTUNG!

4.3

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®

Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

Drei LEDs zur Phasenanzeige

Zählerschrank mit Verteileranlagenach VDE - AR N 4101

Hausanschlusskasten mit NH-Sicherungen

Schlüssel und Freigabetaster zur Freigabe der Netzspannung

Netzeinspeisung über 4mm-Sicherheitsleitungen (Spannungsversorgung mit NOT-AUS erforderlich)

Netzeinspeisung Fehlersimulator über Kaltgeräteleitung (zum Betrieb des Fehlersimulators erforderlich)

Betriebsartenschalter Messen/Betrieb

Erdung Antennenanlage

Beleuchtungsstromkreis 1P/N/PE

Schukosteckdosenstromkreis 1P/N/PE

CEE Drehstromkreis 3P/N/PE 16 A

Klingeltaster für Umax. 12 V AC/DC

Warm- und Kaltwassersystem (untereinander leitend verbunden)

Abdeckung Fehlersimulator

Haupterdungsschiene

Breitbandkommunikations-Hausanschlusskasten

Nachbildung Fundamenterder mit unterschiedlichen Widerständen

Telekommunikations-Hausanschlusskasten

TECHNOCard ®

TRAINING CONCEPT

Innovative Hardware / Perfect Courseware

Page 13: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

13

„everything from a single source“

Hardware from industrial market leaders

Didactically prepared courseware

Perfect ergonomic workplaces

„THE“ SYSTEM

Page 14: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

14 www.ets-didactic.de

Page 15: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

15

MAINS SYSTEMS AND

PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Mains Supply

Electrical System in a Customer's Home

Residual Current Devices - RCDs

Sub-distribution in a Customer's Home

IT System: Insulation Monitoring

Courseware

Page 16: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

16 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Protective Measures and Device Safety

PROTECTIVE MEASURES & DEVICE SAFETY

All at a Glance

1

The Safety Measures Board is designed for experiments related to

the subject of electrical protective measures.

Safety extra-low voltage ensures optimum safety for the user.

Connected to the mains supply with a SCHUKO plug, the device can

be used in any room. The eathing systems TN-C, TN-C-S, TN-S, TT

and IT can be reproduced.

The Board allows experiments on all the listed learning objectives

and topics.

Technical Data

Operating voltage

230 V / 50 - 60 Hz

Experimenting voltage

23 V, 1.5 A

1/10

of the mains voltage

RCD 23 V / 30 mA

Line circuit breaker C0.3 A

Summation current transformer

Simulation of a human

Safety extra-low voltage

Protective isolation

Simulation of a voltage gradient

Learning Objectives

Protective insulation

Protective isolation

Protection against direct and

indirect contact

Protection through safety extra-

low voltage

Residual current operated

device

Overcurrent protection device

Summation current transformer

Protective measures in

TN, TT and IT networks

Heart current factor

Earthing device

Voltage gradient

Page 17: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

17

Courseware

Carrying out experiments safely by using

low voltage 1:10

No special measuring instruments required

Description of protection classes

Contents of the Manual

Fundamentals

Mains systems

Protection against direct and

indirect contact

Fault current protective devices

Fault current protective devices

in networks

Protective separation

IT system

Protective insulation

Safety extra-low voltage and

functional extra-low voltage

Step voltage

Commercial multimeters

No. Designation Order No.

1 Safety Measures Board 43400

2 Set of ETS ring binders 91903

3 Electrical Protective Measures – Instructor's Manual 43410CD-ENG

4 Electrical Protective Measures – Student Manual 43411CD-ENG

5 Electrical Protective Measures – Presentation Aids 43412CD-ENG

6 TECHNOCard® – Electrical Protective Measures 43415-ENG

7 Digital multimeter 90600

TeachwareBest.-Nr.: 43410CD-DEU

Elektrische SchutzmaßnahmenSchutz gegen gefährliche Körperströme

Ausbilderteil

Version 4.5

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOOELABOELABOTrainingsSystemeTrainingsSystemeTrainingsSysteme

®ELABOTrainingsSysteme GmbH Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

Ausbilderteil

Elektrische Schutzmaßnahmen

Elektrische Schutzmaßnahmen

Schutz gegen gefährliche Körperströme

Ausbilderteil Version 4.5 – Best.-Nr. 43410CD-DEU

Präsentationshilfen / Foliensatz

Elektrische Schutzmaßnahmen

Elektrische Schutzmaßnahmen Schutz gegen gefährliche Körperströme

Präsentationshilfen / Foliensatz Version 4.2 – Best.-Nr. 43412CD-DEU

Praktikumsversuche

Elektrische Schutzmaßnahmen

Elektrische Schutzmaßnahmen

Schutz gegen gefährliche Körperströme

Praktikumsversuche Version 4.5 – Best.-Nr. 43411CD-DEU

4 53

6

7

2

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®

Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

43415-DEU

TECHNOCard ®

Elektrische Schutzmaßnahmen

Beachten Sie beim Aufbau und bei der Erprobung der Anlage alle erfor-derlichen Sicherheitsbestimmungen, die Laborordnung und die erforderli-chen Schutzmaßnahmen!

ACHTUNG!

Einspeisung230 V / AC mit Schalter

Nachbildung Person mit verschiedenen Körperwiderständen

Summen-stromwandler

Leitungsschutzschalter

WiderständeBetriebserder RB

Widerstände Anlagenerder RA

Widerstände Standort Person RSt

Widerstände Spannungstrichter mit Sonden

Widerstände zur Fehlersimulation

Nachbildung Isolations-überwachungsgerät

Anzeige des Zustands des Leitungsschutz-schalters bzw. Sicherung über LED

rot = ausgelöstgrün = in Ordnung

SchutzmaßnahmeSchutztrennung

Schutzmaßnahmedoppelte undverstärkte Isolierung

SchutzmaßnahmeSchutzkleinspannung

SchutzmaßnahmeSchutzerdung

RCD (FI)-Schutzschalter

On paper and on CD

Page 18: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

18 www.elabo-ts.com

MAINS SYSTEMS AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Mains Supply

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Mains Systems and Protective Measures

1

Learning Objectives

Using the voltage source of the mains system

Getting familiar with the generation of mains systems with direct

earthing (TN system; TT system)

Technical Data

Line circuit breakers (IN = 6 A) with undervoltage release

Key-operated switch for voltage release

Phase control lamps: L1, L2, L3

Simple change of mains form with bridging plugs

No. Designation Order No.

1 VDE Power Supply Board 43100

With the VDE Power Supply Board, all measurements according to DIN VDE 0100-600, as e.g. loop resistance

or RCD test, can be carried out without actuating the Ram RCD.

Page 19: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

19

OVERVIEW OF PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Extra-low voltage (ELV)

- SELV

(safety extra-low voltage)

- PELV

(protective extra-low voltage)

Limitaton of electric charge

Insulation of all live parts

Cover or sheathes

Obstacles

Distances

Residual current protective de-

vices (RCDs)

Automatic

- in TN system

- in TT system

- in IT system

Equipotential bonding

Protective insulation

Non-conductive rooms

Ungrounded, local equipo-

tential bonding

Protective isolation

Protection againstdirect and indirect contact

Protection againstelectric shock under normal conditions

(Protection against direct contact or basic protection)

Protection againstelectric shock under

fault conditions (Protection against indirect contact or basic protection)

Page 20: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

20 www.elabo-ts.com

MAINS SYSTEMS AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Electrical System in a Customer's Home

1

Learning Objectives

Consumers of the mains system

Getting to know the design of the customer's mains system

(TN system; TT system)

Getting to know the creation of additional designations in TN

systems (TN-C system; TN-S system; TN-C-S system)

Selection of protective measures and devices suitable for the

customer's system

Consultation of the customer with regard to safety and availability

of the electrical installation

of protective engineering

Carrying out initial tests according to DIN VDE 0100-600

Carrying out repeat tests according to DIN VDE 0105 and Addident

Prevention Regulations DGUV

Writing test protocols

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Mains Systems and Protective Measures

No. Designation Order No.

1 Main Distribution Board 43101

Technical Data

Simulation of a foundation grounding with various grounding

resistances

Simulation of an external lightning protector (two derivations with dis-

connection)

Connector for an earth-resistance probe

Simulation of a main equipotential bonding

Simulation of an additional equipotential bonding in the bathroom

Simulation of mains connection to the house with generation of the

various network systems using bridging plugs

Simulation of the electric meter

Simple error simulation with rotating switches for:

- Loop impedance and mains interior resistance

- Low-resistance connection of protective and equipotential bonding

conductors

- Insulation fault

Page 21: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

21

Troubleshooting and Test Preparation

Additional resistance in PEN

Additional resistance in N

Additional resistance in N and PE

Additional resistance in L3

Resistance in the water pipe connection

Interruption in the equipotential bonding to the hot-water boiler

Interruption in the equipotential bonding of the heating

Resistance between main equipotential bonding

and additional equipotential bonding

Insulation fault between L1 and PE

Voltage-dependant insulation fault between L1, L2 and PE

Insulation fault between L1, L3 and PE

Insulation fault between L2 and PE

Heating return pipe

Heating delivery pipe

to antenna

Foundation grounding

toPEN con-ductor of distribution lines

House service panel

Fresh wa-ter pipe

Waste water pipe

Connection to the main protec-tive conductor

Gas

Equipot. bonding

Note: The training system is suitable for measuring devices of all manufacturers.

Page 22: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

MAINS SYSTEMS AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Electrical System in a Customer's Home

22 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Mains Systems and Protective Measures

Selective main line

circuit breaker

Input for

VDE Power Supply Board

Service panel

Mains power supply for error

simulation

Input for ground

potential

Position meter Main line tap terminal

Selector switch for insulation fault

Selector switch for PE or equipotential bonding fault

Selector switch for loop impedance fault

Page 23: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

23

Room wit additional

equipotential bonding

(bathroom)

Tap for additional

quipotential

bonding Tap for hot-water boiler

Voltage output to RCD

Board (43102)

or Sub-distribution Board

(43103) or

Insulation Monitor Board

(43105)

Tap for earthing resistance

measurement probe

Tap for ground potential

Setting the earthing resistance

Page 24: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

MAINS SYSTEMS AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Residual Current Devices - RCDs

Learning Objectives

Function and application of the residual current protective equipment type A and type B

Series circuiting and grouping of several RCDs

Examining the application of RCDs in the IT system

Application of type B in classrooms according to DIN-VDE 0100-723

Application of type B in three-phase circuits

Measuring AC residual currents

Technical Data (1)

Selective residual current protective device IN = 300 mA

Residual current protective device IN = 300 mA, Type A

Residual current protective device IN = 30 mA, Type A

Residual current protective device IN = 30 mA, Type B

Universal RCD Board (2)

equipped with RCD type A:

Residual current protective device IN = 30 mA, Type A

24 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Network Systems and Protective Measures

1

2

No. Designation Order No.

1 RCD Board 43102

2 Universal RCD Board 43111

Page 25: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

25

Suitable RCD Type

Circuit Load current Residual current

A Holding magnet release

E Electronics for tripping in the event of smooth DC residual currents

T Test equipment

W1 Summation current transformer

W2 Summation current transformer for detection of smooth DC

residual currents

Design of RCD Type A

Design of RCD Type B

Type A RCDs of type A detect sine-wave AC residual

currents, but also pulsating DC residual currents.

Type B Apart from detecting the residual current waveforms of

type A, the residual current protective devices of type B

also serve to detect smooth DC residual currents which

may occur in the following circuits.

Some fabricants of frequency converters, e. g. Siemens or SEW, sti-

pulate the use of RCDs type B (see type plate).

1 Switching lock

2 Release circuit

3 Holding magnet release

4 Summatic current transformer

5 Test resistance

6 Test equipment

M

A w1

T

w2E

1

2

3

46

5

Page 26: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

MAINS SYSTEMS AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Residual Current Devices - RCDs

26 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Mains Systems and Protective Measures

RCD type A for sinewave and pulsating

residual currents IN = 25 A; I

N= 0.3 A

Power supply from

Main Distribution Board

RCD type A

for sinewave and

pulsating residual

currents

IN = 40 A; I

N = 0.3 A, selective

Input protective

conductor, power

supply from

Main Distribution Board

Input ground

potential, power

supply from

Main Distribution Board

Page 27: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

27

RCD type A for sinewave and pulsating

residual currents IN = 25 A; I

N = 0.03 A

RCD type B universal

current-sensitive and

short-time delayed

IN = 25 A; IN = 0.03 A

Tap for protective

conductor

Tap for ground

potential

Potentiometer for generating fault currents

Page 28: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

MAINS SYSTEMS AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Sub-distribution in a Customer's Home

Learning Objectives

Getting acquainted with the functionalities of the protective meas-

Selection of the protective measures and devices according to the

requirements of the customer`s system

Consultation of the customer with regard to safety and availability of

the electrical installation

of protective engineering

measuring points

Properly assessing the measuring values with regard to their preci-

sion and security

Describing, planning and executing initial and repeated tests of the

electrical installation and writing a test protocol

Recognizing, describing and measuring fault-caused dangers in the

electrical installation and measuring them

Carrying out systematic fault detection in electrical installations

Properly assessing and documenting the dangers caused by faulty

electrical installation and advising the customer thereof

Communicating with the customer:

- upon delivery of the system

- during the repeated test

- in the case of failure/breakdown of the electrical installation

- after successful repair

28 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Mains Systems and Protective Measures

1

Technical Data

Sub-distributor with:

Line circuit breaker: C 16 A; 4-pole

Line circuit breaker: B 13 A; 1-pole

Line circuit breaker: B 6 A; 1-pole

Measuring points available at standard line-up terminals

Consumers:

- Three-phase consumer:

Imitation of a 5-pole CEE socket with safety sockets

- AC consumer:

Lamp operated by a switch with junction box

- Protective AC power socket

- Fault simulator: For simple error simulation with regard to function and

protective measure

Page 29: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

Troubleshooting and Test Preparation

29

2

No. Designation Order No.

1 Sub-Distribution Board 43103

2 Phase Rotation Indicator 90284

Insulation fault between L3 and PE

Loop impedance too high in PE

Mistake N for PE

Insulation fault between N and PE

Interruption of PE

Voltage-dependant insulation fault between L1 and PE

Mistake L1 for PE

Loop impedance N and PE too high

Wire between junction box and lamp disconnected

Not PE, but N at the lamp housing

Loop impedance too high in N and PE

Loop impedance N and PE too high

Mistake N for PE in the lamp

Mistake L for N in the lamp

Insulation fault L and PE

Insulation fault L and PE, N and PE

Missing neutral conductor, PE and N are bridged

N and PE mistaken

Loop impedance too high in N

No power supply of the socket

Voltage-dependant insulation fault between

L1 and PE

Interruption of N and PE

Loop impedance N and PE too high

Fault simulation

Page 30: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

MAINS SYSTEMS AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Sub-distribution in a Customer's Home

30 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Mains Systems and Protective Measures

Input for power

supply of L1/L2/L3/N/PE

Line circuit breaker

4-pole, C 16 A

for CEE socket

Line circuit breaker

1-pole, B 6 A

for lighting circuit

Line circuit breaker

1-pole, B 6 A

for lighting circuit

Sub-distributor

Input for ground

potential

Output terminal for consumer current

circuits allowing to isolate N for

troubleshooting Protective AC power socket

Page 31: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

31

Junction box Consumer lamp

Mains connection for

error simulation

CEE socket position

Tap for ground potential

Selector switch for error

simulation in the power

socket

Selector switch for error

simulation in the lighting

circuit

Selector switch for error

simulation in the CEE socket

Page 32: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

Learning Objectives

Structure of the public supply mains / incoming

mains system

Customer installation of the mains system

Selection of protective measures according to the

requirements of the customer's system

Selecting and applying measuring instruments

according to

- DIN VDE 0100-410

- DIN VDE 0100-600

- DIN VDE 0105-100

- DIN VDE 0701-0702

- Accident Prevention Regulations DGUV

Interpreting measuring results

Applying the provisions for the initial and repeated

measurements

Carrying out and describing initial and repeated

tests of electrical installations and writing test

protocols

32 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Mains Systems and Protective Measures

TRAINING PACKAGE TP 26.1

Mains Systems and Protective Measures

No. Designation Order No.

1 ELABO Primus One TP 26.1

2 VDE Power Supply Board 43100

3 Main Distribution Board 43101

4 RCD Board 43102

5 Sub-distribution Board 43103

6 Digital multimeter 90600

7 VDE installation tester 90220

1

2

4

Page 33: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

33

6 7

3

5

Page 34: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

Learning Objectives

Introduction of an IT system with insulation monitoring

Selecting and using measuring and testing instruments and interpre-

ting measuring results

Proceeding according to regulations of initial and repeated tests and

Checking protective measures in the IT system

Writing test protocols

In connection with the RCD-Board (43102): Examining RCD applica-

tions in unearthed AC power systems (IT system) with one or three

phases

Technical Data Transformer Board (1)

Three-phase transformer (400/400 V / 200 VA)

Line circuit breakers (IN = 1 A)

Key-operated switch

Phase control lamps: L1, L2, L3

Simple change of mains form via bridging plugs

Technical Data of Insulation Monitor Board (2)

Insulation monitor for insulation monitoring unearthed AC power

supply systems (IT system) with one or three phases

Supply voltage: 115/230 V AC

Measuring voltage: up to 500 V AC

Pushbutton for resetting of the stored alarm

Pushbutton for error simulation (external test button)

Pilot lamp for alarm signal

Simulation of the building equipotential bonding

Switchable measuring resistors for generation of insulation errors /

earth leakage

34 www.ets-didactic.de

MAINS SYSTEMS AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES

IT System: Insulation Monitoring

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Mains Systems and Protective Measures

21

No. Designation Order No.

1 Transformer Board 43104

2 Insulation Monitor Board 43107

Page 35: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

35

MOBILE LEARNING TRAINER (MLT)

Training Package TP 26.1 / IT System

Page 36: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

36 www.elabo-ts.com

MAINS SYSTEMS AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Courseware

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Mains Systems and Protective Measures

Contents

1. Principles

- Mains systems and

protective measures

- Providing electric power

supply and safety of devices

2. Practical measurements

- TN system

- TT system

- IT system

3. Inspection of electrical

installations

- Initial test

- Repeat test

- Test protocol

Instructor's Manual

Electrical Power Systems and Protective Measures

Electrical Power Systems and

Protective Measures

Instructor's Manual Version 4.4 – Order No. 43150CD-ENG

Student Manual

Electrical Power Systems and Protective Measures

Electrical Power Systems and

Protective Measures

Student Manual Version 4.4 – Order No. 43151CD-ENG

Set of Transparencies

Electrical Power Systems and Protective Measures

Electrical Power Systems and

Protective Measures

Set of Transparencies Version 4.5 – Order No. 43152CD-ENG

4

5

8 9 10

6 7

32

43162-DEU

TECHNOCard®

RCD BoardBeachten Sie beim Aufbau und bei der Er-probung der Anlage alle erforderlichen Si-cherheitsbestimmungen, die Laborordnung und die erforderlichen Schutzmaßnahmen!

ACHTUNG!

4.4

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®

Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

Einspeisung vom Main Distribution Board

RCD-SchutzschalterTyp A für sinusförmige und pulsierende FehlerströmeIN = 40 A; I N = 0,3 A, selektiv

Eingang Schutzleiter, Einspeisung vom Main Distribution Board

Eingang Erdpotential, Einspeisung vom Main Distribution Board

RCD-Schutzschalter Typ A für sinus-förmige und pulsierende Fehlerströme IN = 25 A; I N = 0,3 A

RCD-Schutzschalter Typ A für sinus-förmige und pulsierende Fehlerströme IN = 25 A; I N = 0,03 A

RCD-SchutzschalterTyp B allstromsensitiv und kurzzeitverzögertIN = 25 A; I N = 0,03 A

Abgriff für Schutzleiter

Abgriff für Erdpotential

Potentiometer zum Erzeugen von Fehlerströmen

43161-DEU

TECHNOCard ®

Main Distribution Board

Beachten Sie beim Aufbau und bei der Er-probung der Anlage alle erforderlichen Si-cherheitsbestimmungen, die Laborordnung und die erforderlichen Schutzmaßnahmen!

ACHTUNG!

4.4

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®

Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

Raum mit zusätzlichem Schutzpotentialaus-gleich (Bad)

Abgriff zusätzlicher Schutzpotential-ausgleich

Abgriff Warmwasserboiler

Hauptleitungs-abzweigklemmen

Zähler

Hausanschlusskasten

Selektiver Haupt-leitungsschutzschalter

Eingang Erdpotential

Netzeinspeisung Fehlersimulation

Brücke nur bei TN-Netzen

Fehlerschalter für Schleifenwiderstandsfehler

Fehlerschalter für Schutzleiter- oder Potentialausgleichsfehler

Fehlerschalter für Isolationsfehler

Einstellung des Erdungswiderstands 1 Ω ... 2,7 kΩ mittels Brückenstecker

Abgriff für Erdpotential

Abgriff Sonde für Erdungswiderstands-messungen

Einspeisung vom VDE Power Supply Board

Spannungsausgang zum RCD Board (43102) bzw. Sub-Distri-bution Board (43103)

43164-DEU

TECHNOCard ®

Transformer Board

Beachten Sie beim Aufbau und bei der Er-probung der Anlage alle erforderlichen Si-cherheitsbestimmungen, die Laborordnung und die erforderlichen Schutzmaßnahmen!

ACHTUNG!

4.3

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®

Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

Leitungsschutzschalter1 A, 3-polig mit Unter-spannungsauslöser

Kontrollleuchten für diePhasen L1 / L2 / L3

Ausgang SpannungL1 / L2 / L3 / N / PEN

Schlüsseltaster zurSpannungsfreigabe

Erdpotential; wird überRB mit dem Sternpunktdes Trafos verbunden(TT / TN-Netz)

Beachten Sie: Am Ausgang des TransformerBoards kann keine SchleifenwiderstandsmessungZSch durchgeführt werden!Die dazu benutzten Geräte benötigen einenStrom von ca. 4 – 5 A!

EinspeisungNetzspannung,400 V AC, 3 / PE

Erdpotential; wird überRB mit dem Sternpunktdes Trafos verbunden(TT / TN-Netz)

Einstellmöglichkeitder Netzform überBrückenstecker

Betriebserder ca. 1,5 Ω

43167-DEU

TECHNOCard ®

Insulation Monitor Board

Beachten Sie beim Aufbau und bei der Er-probung der Anlage alle erforderlichen Si-cherheitsbestimmungen, die Laborordnung und die erforderlichen Schutzmaßnahmen!

ACHTUNG!

4.4

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®

Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

Ausgang Netzspannung

Erdfreies Netz vom Transformer Board,Einspeisung Netzspannung

Eingang für Erdpotential

Fehleranzeige Isolationsfehler

Schalter zum Ein- und Ausschalten der Fehlerspeicherung(Reset erforderlich)

Testtaster

Messstelle leitfähiges Rohrleitungssystem

Messstelle Gebäude-element aus Metall

Schalter zur Fehlersimulation

Abgriff für Erdpotential

Isolationswächter Testtaste

AngedeuteteHaupterdungsschiene(Potentialausgleich)

ResettasteÜberwachungsbereich:Einstellbar von 5 .... 100 kΩ

43160-DEU

TECHNOCard ®

VDE Power Supply Board

Beachten Sie beim Aufbau und bei der Er-probung der Anlage alle erforderlichen Si-cherheitsbestimmungen, die Laborordnung und die erforderlichen Schutzmaßnahmen!

ACHTUNG!

4.3

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®

Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

Betriebserder ca. 1,5 Ω

Leitungsschutzschalter 6 A, 3-polig mit Unter-spannungsauslöser

Kontrollleuchten für die Phasen L1 / L2 / L3

Ausgang SpannungL1 / L2 / L3 / N / PEN

Schlüsseltaster zur Spannungsfreigabe

Erdpotential; wird über RB mit dem Sternpunkt des Trafos verbunden (TT / TN-Netz)

Damit der Raum-RCD beim Experimentieren nicht auslöst, wird der Raum-Schutzleiter-PE im Gerät nicht verwendet. Der PE im Gerät wird vom Neutralleiter abgeleitet!

ACHTUNG

Das VDE Power Supply Board besitzt keine galvanische Netztrennung!

Einspeisung Netzspannung, 400 V AC, 3 / N / PE

Einstellmöglichkeit der Netzform über Brückenstecker

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®

Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

43163-DEU

TECHNOSub-Distribution Board

Beachten Sie beim Aufbau und bei der Erprobung der Anlage alle erfor-derlichen Sicherheitsbestimmungen, die Laborordnung und die erforderli-chen Schutzmaßnahmen!

ACHTUNG!

Sicherungsautomat 1-polig B 6 A für Beleuchtung

Sicherungsautomat 4-polig C 16 A für CEE

Eingang Spannungs-versorgung L1/L2/L3 N/PE

Unterverteiler

Eingang Erdpotential

Abgangsklemmen für Verbraucherstrom-kreise mit der Möglichkeit den Neutralleiter für die Fehlersuche zu trennen

Schutzkontaktsteckdose CEE-Steckdose

Abgriff für Erdpotential

Schalter für Fehler-simulation Schutz-kontaktsteckdose

Schalter für Fehler-simulation Beleuchtungskreis

Schalter für Fehler-simulation CEE-Steckdose

Netzanschluss für Fehlersimulation

Ausschalter Abzweigdose

Verbraucher Leuchte mit Glühlampe

Sicherungsautomat 1-polig B 13 A für Schukosteckdose

1

TeachwareBest.-Nr.: 43150CD-DEU

Netzsysteme und Schutzmaßnahmen

Ausbilderteil

Version 4.4

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®

ELABOTrainingsSysteme GmbH Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

On paper and on CD!

Set of TECHOCards® - Mains Systems and Protective Measures

Page 37: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

37

From Principles to Test Protocol...

TeachwareBest.-Nr.: 43150CD-DEU

Netzsysteme und Schutzmaßnahmen

Ausbilderteil

Version 4.4

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®

ELABOTrainingsSysteme GmbH Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

No. Designation Order No.

1 Set of ETS ring binders 91903

2 Mains Systems and Protective Measures – Instructor's 43150CD-ENG

3 Mains Systems and Protective Measures – Student Manual 43151CD-ENG

4 Mains Systems and Protective Measures – Presentation Aids 43152CD-ENG

Set of TECHNOCards® – Mains Systems and Protective 43153-ENG

5 TECHNOCard® – VDE Power Supply Board 43160-ENG

6 TECHNOCard® – Main Distribution Board 43161-ENG

7 TECHNOCard® – RCD Board 43162-ENG

8 TECHNOCard® – Sub-Distribution Board 43163-ENG

9 TECHNOCard® – Transformer Board 43164-ENG

10 TECHNOCard® – Insulation Monitor Board 43167-ENG

11 Software Protective Measures VDE 0100-600 (optional) 90158

Task

Execution

Test protocol

Courseware on Protective Measures

VDE 0100-600 related to the topic of protective

measures and testing as well as electrical installations.

Distribution / feed transformer

Domestic service connection /

Earthing installations

Terminology according to VDE 0100-200

Hazards from current, hazard diagram

Protection against direct contact

Protection against direct and indirect contact

Protection against indirect contact without PE

Protection against indirect contact with PE

Lightning and surge protection

Tests and measurements in electronic installations

Device test according to VDE 0701 and VDE 0702

11

Page 38: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

VDE 0100 / SERVICE ENTRANCE

BST®–BuildingSystemsTrainer

38 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Mains Systems and Protective Measures

Medium protection stage

Domestic electricity

meter

Surge Protection Power

Supply

Electric Service Box

Power Supply

Modular equipotential

bonding

Error simulator

Broadband communication

entrance box

Telecommunication

entrance box

Surge protection

Line circuit breaker

Line circuit breaker

for free use

Bell transformer

Staircase relay

No. Designation Order No.

1 BST® Protective Measure (mobile trolley optional) 43503

2 BST® Installation Technologies (mobile trolley optional) 43504

1

Page 39: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

39

Learning Objectives

Mains of the consumer installation

Selection of protective measures for a consumer system

Selecting and applying measuring instruments

according to:

DIN VDE 0100-600,

DIN VDE 0105-1 00 and risk assessment BGV A3

Interpreting measuring results

Applying regulations for initial and repeat tests and drawing

Commissioning of a low-voltage system

Initial and repeat tests of electrical installations and writing a

test protocol

Use of the personal protective equipment

Planning and executing electrical installations

Troubleshooting in electrical installations

BST® – mobile – practical – safe

Courseware

TrainingsSysteme. The system is characterized

-

ment of NH fuses and much more with regard to the training concept is possible.

21

TeachwareBest.-Nr.: 43 510

EnergieversorgungssystemeBST®–BuildingSystemsTrainer

Ausbilderteil

Version 4.3

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®ELABOTrainingsSysteme GmbH Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

Ausbilderteil

Energieversorgungssysteme 1

Energieversorgungssysteme

Ausbilderteil Version 4.3 – Best.Nr. 43 510

Praktikumsversuche

Energieversorgungssysteme 1

Energieversorgungssysteme

Praktikumsversuche Version 4.3 – Best.Nr. 43 511

Foliensatz

Energieversorgungssysteme

Energieversorgungssysteme

Foliensatz Version 4.3 – Best.Nr. 43 512

On paper and on CD!

43 5 6

No. Designation Order No.

3 Set of ETS ring binders 91903

4 Power Supply Systems BST® – Instructor's Manual 43510CD-ENG

5 Power Supply Systems BST® – Student Manual 43511CD-ENG

6 Power Supply Systems BST® – Presentation Aids 43512CD-ENG

n.ill. Set of TECHNOCards (6 pcs.) 43513-ENG

Page 40: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

40 www.ets-didactic.de

Page 41: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

41

LOADS ON THE NEUTAL

CONDUCTOR

Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Load

Non-linear Load

Measurements with the Oscilloscope Board

Courseware

Page 42: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

LOADS ON THE NEUTRAL CONDUCTOR

Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Loads

Learning Objectives

Comprehending the linkage of voltages and currents by measure-

ment, calculation and drawing of line diagrams

Determining currents, voltages and powers in star circuit for symme-

trical and unsymmetrical loads

Examining disturbances, e. g. failing of the neutral conductor, outer

conductor or load resistor

Recognizing the function of the neutral conductor in star circuit and

determine its cross section

Proving by measurement the formation of harmonics by non-line-

ar consumers such as PCs, motor control devices and energy sav-

ing lamps

Recognizing and measuring overloading of the neutral conductor by

the 3rd harmonics

Learning Objectives

Isolating transformer 10:1

Test circuit of a three-phase consumer in star circuit

42 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Loads on the Neutral Conductor

1

No. Designation Order No.

1 Power Line Harmonics Board 43106

Page 43: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

43

MOBILE LEARNING TRAINER (MLT)

Training Package TP 26.2 / Loads on the Neutral Conductor

Page 44: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

LOADS ON THE NEUTRAL CONDUCTOR

Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Loads

44 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Loads on the Neutral Conductor

Input for power supply of

L1/L2/L3/N/PE

Isolating Transformer

10:1

Reference point for

voltage measurings

Non-linear consumer

Non-linear consumer

Switch-mode power supply of a PC

Smoothing capacitor

Load resistance

measuring the current in

the neutral conductor

Page 45: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

45

Non-linear consumer

Energy saving lamp

Linear consumer

Light bulb

Star-shaped mains

Adjustable load resistances

Page 46: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

LOADS ON THE NEUTRAL CONDUCTOR

Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Loads

46 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Loads on the Neutral Conductor

Current in the neutral

conductor with symmetrical

load approx. 0 mA;

Current in the neutral

conductor with unsymmetrical

load higher than 0 mA.

With connected neutral

conductor, the voltages in the

outer conductors are approxi-

mately equal.

neutral conductor is not

connected, with the lowest

voltage drop on the wire with

the lowest resistance and the

highest voltag drop on the wire

with the highest resistance.

Current in the

neutral conductor

Voltage

Outer conductor L3

Voltage

Outer conductor L2

Page 47: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

Non-linear Load

47

Display of the three outer conductors and the

neutral conductor current with a load from three

non-linear consumers.

through the neutral conductor!

Current N

Each of the outer conductors L1, L2 and L3 is

loaded with one non-linear consumer.

This results in a three times higher current!

Page 48: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

Learning Objectives

Plotting and interpreting meas-

uring charts

Getting to know the utilization

of an oscilloscope in the region

of power lines

Carrying out spectrum ana-

lyses

48 www.ets-didactic.de

LOADS ON THE NEUTRAL CONDUCTOR

Measurements with the PC Measurement Interface

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Loads on the Neutral Conductor

Technical Data

4 analog input channels with

5 MHz band width (5.000.000

samples/s)

Sampling rate of up to 5 MHz

per channel

- 16 bits up to 195 kHz

- 14 bits up to 3.125 MHz

- 12 bits up to 5 MHz

Input 1:1

- Measuring ranges from

± 200 mV up to ± 80 V

(peak value)

- maximum input voltage

- 2mm safety sockets

Input for 10:1

- Measuring ranges from ± 2 V

up to ± 800 V (peak value)

- maximum input voltage

- 4mm safety sockets

All inputs touch-safe 600 V,

CATIII

All inputs allow claear and easy

-

ing plugs

4 measuring instruments in

one unit

- 12 …16 bits 4-channel

oscilloscope

- Spectrum analyzer

- Transient recorder

- Voltmeter (average,

true rms)

Spectrum analyzer with distor-

tion factor calculation

Comprehensive trigger function

Rapid transient recorder with

0.01 s - 500 s sampling time

USB 2.0 high speed

(480 Mbit/s)

Optional operating voltage:

8 … 30 V DC

Dimensions:

266 x 297 x 85 mm

Front panel design

No. Designation Order No.

1 PC Measurement Interface 90272

1

The PC Measurement Interface

is a four-channel measuring in-

-

puts. It allows safe measuring

of voltages and deduced mag-

nitudes of up to 600 V AC.

Display and evaluation of the

measuring results by means of

a software on a connected PC.

up to 600 V AC / 4-channel

Page 49: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

49

Training of instructors from Uganda in the use of electrical devices at ELABOTrainingsSysteme.

Unsymmetrical load, L1 low-resistance, neutral conductor closed

Consumer connected to L1, L2 and L3 with current in neutral conductor

Symmetrical load, neutral conductor closed

Unsymmetrical load, L1 low-resistance, neutral conductor open

Page 50: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

50 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Loads on the Neutral Conductor

LOADS ON THE NEUTRAL CONDUCTOR

Courseware

Contents

2. Interlinking in three-phase current

- Star circuit with symmetrical load

- Star circuit with unsymmetrical load

- Disturbances in the star circuit

- Precautions

3. Currents in neutral conductors of electronic de-

vices

- Currents in neutral conductors with symmetri-

cal load by non-linear-loaded devices

- Currents and voltage on one, two or three

non-linear-loaded wires

- Spectrum analysis of the neural conductor

current

4. Occurrence of harmonics

- Examination of the B2 two-pulse bridge rec-

- Examination of the M1 single-pulse mid-point

circuits

5. Combination of linear and non-linear devices

6. Summarizing questions and practical problems

Ausbilderteil

Belastung des Neutralleiters

Belastung des Neutralleiters

Ausbilderteil

Version 4.5 – Best.-Nr. 43 130

Praktikumsversuche

Belastung des Neutralleiters

Belastung des Neutralleiters

Praktikumsversuche

Version 4.5 – Best.-Nr. 43 131

4 5

32

Ohmsche Belastung auf L1, L2, L3 (symmetrisch). Kein Neu-tralleiterstrom (blau).

Unsymmetrisch: L1 und L3 niederohmig.Unsymmetrisch: L2 und L3 niederohmig.

Nur L1.

3. Oberwelle (150 Hz)

L1, L2 und L3.L1 und L2.

3. Oberwelle:Verdoppelungder Amplitude

3. Oberwelle:dreifacherStrom!

I

UL1 UL2 UL3

I

UL1

UL2

UL3

I

UL1

UL2

UL3

I

UL1

I

UL1 UL2

I

UL1 UL2 UL3

Lineare (ohmsche) Belastung

Nichtlineare Belastung

Nutzung der Multi Channel Software

Schnellmessung eines periodischen Signals Multi Channel Software starten. Messung stoppen Abschätzung des Amplitudenwertes des zu messenden Signals:

a) Signal wird kleiner erwartet als Ueff =50V AC oder U = 120V DC Diff erenzialeingang 1:1

b) Signal wird größer erwartet als Ueff =50V AC oder U = 120V DC Diff erenzialeingang 10:1

Zu messendes Signal an Kanal 1 (CH1) des entsprechenden Eingangs 1:1 oder 10:1im Diff erenzbetrieb anschließen.

Schaltfl äche „Autokonfi guration der Messung“ A drücken.

Messungen am Eingang 10:1Bei allen Messungen mit den Eingängen über den 10:1 Eingangsbereich werden alle Ein-gangssignale in der Amplitude 10:1 abgeschwächt. Für eine korrekte Anzeige aller Amplitu-den ist es somit notwendig die Tastkopfeinstellungen auf x10 zu stellen.Klicken Sie dazu mit der rechten Maustaste im Gerätepfad auf den betreff enden Kanal. Es öff net sich ein Auswahlmenü. Wählen Sie „Tastkopfeinstellungen“ 10:1.Die Anpassung der Wertebereiche erfolgt automatisch.

Manuelle Einstellung der ZeitparameterWenigstens 1000 Abtastungen sind für eine gute Messaufl ösung empfehlenswert.

Entsprechend der Formel der Synchronisationszeit: Sample

SampleSYNC F

NT

erhalten wir: AblenkzeitT

NF

SYNC

SampleSample

Stoppen der Messung. Mausklick auf die derzeitig gültige Anzahl der Abtastungen Auswahl der Anzahl der Abtastungen im geöff neten Menü. Mausklick auf die derzeitig gültige Frequenz der Abtastungen (Samplefrequenz) Auswahl der Abtastfrequenz im geöff neten Menü. Start der Messung

Mehrkanalige Messung Stoppen der Messung. Welches Signal in der mehrkanaligen Messung ist das Synchronsignal für den Trigger? Durchführen der Konfi guration für das Synchronsignal entsprechend „Schnellmesuung“. Optimierung der Zeitparameter. Anschluss weiterer Messkanäle unter Berücksichtigung der Abschätzung

der Amplitudenwerte. Mit der Maus (Klick auf Symbol und halten) das Symbol des entsprechenden Kanals im

Gerätepfad fassen und dieses in das Diagramm ziehen.

Hinweis: Möchten Sie einen gleichen Bezug der dargestellten Amplituden, so müssen Sie die Schaltfl ächen für Auto Range der Kanäle deaktivieren und über die Auswahl des Messbe-reichs des jeweiligen Kanals gleiche Werte einstellen.

LupenfunktionDie Diagramme enthalten eine Lupenfunktion. Ziehen Sie mit der Maus bei gedrückter linker Maustaste ein Rechteck um den zu vergrößernden Bereich und lassen Sie die Maustaste los.Zum Herauszoomen drücken Sie die Taste U auf der Tastatur oder klicken mit der rechten Maustaste auf das Diagramm und wählen im Kontextmenü „Herauszoomen“.

Grundvoraussetzung für den ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb des PC-Messinterfaces und der Multi Channel Software sind:

installierter Gerätetreiber, installierte Multi Channel Software, aktive USB-Verbindung zwischen PC-Messinterface und Computer.

Die „Multi Channel Software“ erkennt nach dem Start sofort das PC Measurement Interface als HS4DIFF-5 und wird den Kanal 1 anzeigen.

In der ersten Werkzeugleiste befi nden sich die Schaltfl ächen

mit den Funktionen der Menüs Datei und Schnellfunktionen Eingabemarken anzeigen

Gerätepfad

anzeigen

Trigger-Marker

Multimeter

Schaltfl ächen für die Funktion und Konfi guration der Messbedingungen

Start / Stopp

der Messung

Autokonfi gurationder Messung

Einzelmessung(Single shot)

Messmodus Block oder Datenstrom

Trigger-Konfi guration Konfi guration der einzelnen EingängeZeitparameter-konfi guration

Sample

SampleSYNC F

NT

Aktuelles Messinterface,bei Klick öff net sich Kontext-menü zur Konfi guration für die Zeitparameter und die

Aufl ösung

Kanalbezeichnung;kann durch Vergabe eines Alias-Namens

geändert werdenKopplungAC / DC

Auswahl des Messbereichs:

Auto-RangeAuto / manuell

Anzeige und Auswahl des Messbereichs bei

manueller Auswahl

43166-DEU

TECHNOCard®

Power Line Harmonics BoardBeachten Sie beim Aufbau und bei der Er-probung der Anlage alle erforderlichen Si-cherheitsbestimmungen, die Laborordnung und die erforderlichen Schutzmaßnahmen!

ACHTUNG!

4.3

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®

Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

EinspeisungNetzspannung,400 V AC, 3 / N / PE

Brückengleichrichter

Glättungskondensator

Lastwiderstand

Nichtlineare Verbraucher:- Brückengleichrichter- Schaltnetzteil eines PCs- Energiesparlampe

Linearer Verbraucher:Glühlampe

Trafo10 : 1

Messshunt 100 Ω zur Erfassung des Neutralleiterstroms

Bezugspunkt für Spannungsmessungen

Sternförmiges Netz

Einstellbare Belastungs-widerstände; alle Potis auf Linksanschlag ent-spricht symmetrischer Belastung des Netzes

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®

Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 44E-mail: [email protected]

90273-DEU

TECHNOCard ®

Nutzung des PC-Messinterfaces

Beachten Sie beim Aufbau und bei der Erprobung der Anlage alle erfor-derlichen Sicherheitsbestimmungen, die Laborordnung und die erforderli-chen Schutzmaßnahmen!

ACHTUNG!

Messung außerhalb des SELV-Bereichs

Achtung: Bei Messungen außerhalb des Schutzkleinspannungsbe-reichs SELV (Ueff >50V AC oder U > 120V DC) ist unbedingt eine Ver-bindung des Schutzleiters PE zum Schutzleiteranschluss PE des PC Measurement Interface auszuführen!Empfehlenswert ist dies generell auch schon bei Spannungen Ueff > 25V AC und U > 60V DC.

Typische MesskreiseMessung mit Diff erenzeingängen (SELV-Bereich)

Messung auf Masse bezogen (SELV-Bereich)

Messung mit Bezugspotential N (z.B. Stern)

Messung ohne Bezugspotential (z.B. Dreieck)

Betriebsspannungs-durchführung

im Bereich8 … 30V DC

USB-Anschluss-buchse Typ B

Schutzleiteranschluss zur Weiterführung

im Versuchsaufbau

Common-Leitung für Eingangsbereich 10:1

Eingangsbereich 10:1,4 Eingangskanäle CH1 … CH4

Common-Leitung fürEingangsbereich 1:1

Massebuchse zur Gerätemasse des Messinterfaces

Schutzleiteranschlussfür Messinterface bei Messung außerhalb SELV

Eingangsbereich 1:1,4 Eingangskanäle CH1 … CH4

Betriebsspannungs-durchführung im Bereich 8 … 30V DC,

dient gleichzeitig zur optionalen Bereitstellung der Betriebsspannung des Messinterfaces

1

TeachwareBest.-Nr.: 43 130

Belastung des NeutralleitersAusbilderteil

Version 4.5

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOOELABOELABOTrainingsSystemeTrainingsSystemeTrainingsSysteme

®

ELABOTrainingsSysteme GmbHIm Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

V

ELAIm851Tel.FaxE-M

On paper and on CD!

No. Designation Order No.

1 Set of ETS ring binders 91903

2 Loads on the Neutral Conductor – Instructor's 43130CD-ENG

3 Loads on the Neutral Conductor – Student Manual 43131CD-ENG

Set of TECHNOCards® – Loads on the Neutral Conductor

43133-ENG

4 TECHNOCard® – Power Line Harmonics Board 43166-ENG

5 TECHNOCard® – Use of PC Measuring Interfaces 90273-ENG

Learning Objectives

Utilization of technical docu-

mentation

Getting familiar with the com-

ponents

Troubleshooting

Page 51: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

51

Page 52: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

INTELLIGENT SYSTEM SOLUTIONS

52 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices System Solutions

Laboratory table

Island arrangement

From Planning to Reality...

Page 53: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

53

Mobile Learning Trainer (MLT)

"Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices" laboratory

Page 54: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

54 www.ets-didactic.de

FLEXIBILITY DUE TO MODULAR SYSTEM ELEMENTS

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices System Solutions

Layout 1

Layout 2

Layout 3

Mobile structures for enduring versatility

Page 55: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

55

Layout 4

Page 56: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

56 www.ets-didactic.de

Page 57: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

57

TESTING ELECTRICAL

DEVICES

Safety of Electrical Equipment

Projects

Training Package 26.1

Page 58: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

58 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Testing Electrical Devices

TESTING ELECTRICAL DEVICES

Safety of Electrical Equipment / Simulator Boxes for DIN VDE 0701-0702

Technical Data

The set consists of 10 appli-

ance simulators.

The devices correspond to con-

sumers of protection classes I,

II and III.

Active components in some of

the consumers allow demon-

active and passive measure-

ments.

Faults can be simulated with

toggle switches for:

- protective conductor resistance

- insulation resistance

- leakage current / equivalent

leakage current

- touch current

Appliance Simulators:

Electric iron

Immersion heater

Drill machine

PC

Cable reel

Cooker

Radio

Power supply

Washing machine

Connecting line with appliance

coupler, 2 m

Connecting line with European

coupler, 2 m

Learning Objectives

Gathering legal provisions

Understanding the data on the

type plate

Describing the protection

classes of the devices and as-

signing symbols

Testing the suitability of the se-

lected devices for the location

Proceeding according to the

regulations of repeated test

the corresponding measure-

ments

Selecting and using measuring

and test instruments according

to DIN VDE 0701-0702 and

Accident Prevention Regula-

tions DGUV and interpreting

the measuring results

Planning, executing and de-

scribing repeated tests of elec-

trical equipment according to

DIN VDE 0701-0702 and Ac-

cident Prevention Regulations

DGUV and writing test proto-

cols

Systematic troubleshooting of

devices

Repeat testing of electrical appliances / equiment in accordance

with DIN VDE 0701-0702 can be taught with the help of the new

appliance simulators under safe and realistic conditions.

5

Page 59: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

59

Set of Appliance Simulators

No. Designation Order No.

Set of Appliance Simulators 42140

1 Appliance Simulator – Electric Iron 42130

2 Appliance Simulator – Immersion Heater 42131

3 Appliance Simulator – Drill Machine 42132

4 Appliance Simulator – Computer 42133

5 Appliance Simulator – Cable Reel 42134

6 Appliance Simulator – Cooker 42135

7 42136

8 Appliance Simulator – Radio 42137

9 Appliance Simulator – Power Supply 42138

10 Appliance Simulator – Washing Machine 42139

11 Plate for Holding the Modules 20999

1

6

2

7

3

8

4

9

11

5

10

Page 60: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

60 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Testing Electrical Devices

PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Courseware / Accessories

No. Designation Order No.

1 Set of ETS ring binders 91903

2 Testing Electrical Devices – Instructor's Manual 42150CD-ENG

3 Testing Electrical Devices – Student Manual 42151CD-ENG

4 Testing Electrical Devices – Presentation Aids 42152CD-ENG

5 Set of TECHNOCards® – Appliance simulators 42154-ENG

6 Appliance tester in protective case 90227

Contents of the Manual

Introduction

Test procedure

Tasks

Fault tables

TeachwareBest.-Nr.: 421 CD-DEU

Prüfung elektrischer Geräte

nach DIN 0701-0702Ausbilderteil

Version 4.

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®ELABOTrainingsSysteme GmbH Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

Ausbilderteil

Prüfung elektrischer Geräte nach DIN VDE 0701-0702

Prüfung elektrischer Geräte

nach DIN VDE 0701-0702

Ausbilderteil

Version 4.1 – Best.-Nr. 42150CD-DEU

Foliensatz

Prüfung elektrischer Geräte nach DIN VDE 0701-0702

Prüfung elektrischer Geräte

nach DIN VDE 0701-0702

Foliensatz

Version 4.0 – Best.-Nr. 42153CD-DEU

Praktikumsversuche

Prüfung elektrischer Geräte nach DIN VDE 0701-0702

Prüfung elektrischer Geräte

nach DIN VDE 0701-0702

Praktikumsversuche

Version 4.1 – Best.-Nr. 42151CD-DEU

3 4

6

2

5

1

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®

Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 44E-mail: [email protected]

TECHNOCard ®

Gerätesimulator

Bügeleisen

Was ist zu prüfen?

Reihenfolge der durchzuführenden Prüfungen:

Sichtprüfung auf äußerliche erkennbare Mängel Prüfung des Schutzleiters Messung des Isolationswiderstands Messung des Schutzleiterstroms Messung des Berührungsstroms Nachweis der sicheren Trennung vom Versorgungsstromkreisbei SELV, PELV Nachweis der Wirksamkeit weiterer Schutzeinrichtungen Überprüfung der Aufschriften Funktionsprüfung Auswerten, Beurteilen, Dokumentieren

z.B. Sichtprüfung

- Schäden an Isolierungen- Schäden an Anschlussleitungen- Zustand von Steckern...- Zugentlastungsvorrichtungen- Knickschutz und Leitungsführung- dem Betreiber zugängliche

Gerätesicherungshalter- Kühlluftöff nungen und Luftfi lter- Überdruckventile- Anzeichen einer Überlastung- Kennzeichnungen,

die der Sicherheit dienen

42155-DEU

Beachten Sie beim Aufbau und bei der Er-probung der Anlage alle erforderlichen Si-cherheitsbestimmungen, die Laborordnung und die erforderlichen Schutzmaßnahmen!

ACHTUNG!

Prüfbuchse Schutzleiter

Netzspannungsanschluss

Netzschalter

Hinweis:

Gerät mit Schutzleiter und berühr-baren leitfähigen Teilen, die mit dem Schutzleiter verbunden sind.

Gerät der Schutzklasse I.

TypenschildFunktionsanzeige

Fehlersimulation

Prüfbuchse

berührbar, leitfähiges TeilHier sind folgende Messungen durchzuführen:- Isolationswiderstand- Berührungsstrom

Sonde

Kaltgeräteleitung

Prüfschritte

Aus- und Weiterbildung GmbH ELABOTrainingsSystemeELABOTrainingsSysteme

®

Im Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 - 0 Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 44E-mail: [email protected]

TECHNOCard ®

Gerätesimulator

Bohrmaschine

Was ist zu prüfen?

Reihenfolge der durchzuführenden Prüfungen:

Sichtprüfung auf äußerliche erkennbare Mängel Prüfung des Schutzleiters Messung des Isolationswiderstands Messung des Schutzleiterstroms Messung des Berührungsstroms Nachweis der sicheren Trennung vom Versorgungsstromkreisbei SELV, PELV

Nachweis der Wirksamkeit weiterer Schutzeinrichtungen Überprüfung der Aufschriften Funktionsprüfung Auswerten, Beurteilen, Dokumentieren

z.B. Sichtprüfung

- Schäden an Isolierungen- Schäden an Anschlussleitungen- Zustand von Steckern...- Zugentlastungsvorrichtungen- Knickschutz und Leitungsführung- dem Betreiber zugängliche

Gerätesicherungshalter- Kühlluftöff nungen und Luftfi lter- Überdruckventile- Anzeichen einer Überlastung- Kennzeichnungen,

die der Sicherheit dienen

42157-DEU

Beachten Sie beim Aufbau und bei der Er-probung der Anlage alle erforderlichen Si-cherheitsbestimmungen, die Laborordnung und die erforderlichen Schutzmaßnahmen!

ACHTUNG!

Netzspannungsanschluss

Zur Kontaktierung

Bürstensonde verwenden!

Netzschalter

Hinweis:

Gerät ohne Schutzleiter und mit berührbaren leitfähigen Teilen.

Gerät der Schutzklasse II.

TypenschildFunktionsanzeige

Fehlersimulation

Prüfbuchse

berührbar, leitfähiges TeilHier sind folgende Messungen durchzuführen:- Isolationswiderstand- Berührungsstrom

Sonde

Kaltgeräteleitung

Prüfschritte

On paper and on CD

Indication and operation via lar-

ge color LCD touchscreen

(14.4 cm)

Direct test sample / customer

entry via touchscreen keypad

One tester for all tests accor-

ding to DIN VDE 0701-0702

and VDE 0751 Type B, BF and

CF tests

Simple setting up and storage

of individual sample test pro-

cedures

Automatic manual and auto-

Measuring result with pass/fail

indication

Help function and schematic

connecting diagrams

2 x USB interface for external

keyboard, printer and USB stick

1 x RS 232 interface for bar-

code scanner and RFID reader/

writer and SD card slot

- Measuring the protective

conductor resistance

- Measuring the insulation

resistance

- protective conductor current/

contact current

- leakage current / load current

Device with integrated touch-

screen for data input, measured

memocard, included automatic

test sequence.

Appliance tester in protective case for testing according to

DIN VDE 0701-0702, 0751 and Acc. Prev. Reg.DGUV Act 3

57361-DEU

Page 61: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

6161

Page 62: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

TESTING ELECTRICAL DEVICES

Projects

Learning Objectives

Setup and commissioning of cross and two-way circuits

Mounting of meter cabinet and sub-distribution

Inspection according to DIN VDE 0100-T600

Project 1

The company does not want to

use the basement room from

project 1 for storage any long-

er, but to rent it to another

company. For this purpose, the

electrical installations have to

-

lations are planned for control

via a meter cabinet with T-N-C-

S system and subdistribution.

The cross circuit established in

project 1 is laid idle and re-

placed by a pushbutton circuit.

Furthermore a 16 A CEE sock-

et has to be installed and con-

nected. The electrical installation

has to be made in IPX4 and the

subdistribution in IP30. Calcula-

tion and drawing of the distribu-

tion plan is made by means of a

planning software. Mounting of

-

ed in compliance with the provi-

sions for protective areas.

A company wants to use an

empty basement room for sto-

rage. For this purpose, a ligh-

ting shall be installed consisting

are to be actuated from three

access doors. The room can

be ventilated, but not heated.

As the room is only intended

for storage use, the electrical

installations are mounted on

the surface. The installation

material to be selected should

be suitable for damp locations.

The system mounted in Project

2 has to be inspected accor-

ding to the DIN VDE regulations

with submission of a measuring

and inpection protocol.

62 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Testing Electrical Devices

1 1

Page 63: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

Set of Devices Grid Plates / Screws / Dowels

Technical Data

Set of components and devices, consisting of:

1 x Cross switch

1 x Light bar

1 x Fluorescent tube

1 x Distribution box

3 x Pushbutton

1 x Standard socket

1 x CEE socket

1 x Three-phase meter 40 A

1 x Selective line circuit breaker, 3-pole

1 x Sub-distributor AP, 3 rows

1 x Earth leakage circuit breaker

1 x Line circuit breaker B16A, 3-pole

1 x Line circuit breaker B16A ,1-pole

1 x Line circuit breaker B10A, 1-pole

1 x Remote switch

1 x Phase bar

1 x Main line distributor bar

1 x Bus bar with terminals

1 x Set of accessories

63

No. Designation Order No.

1Mobile Learning Trainer (MLT) as a double workstation for project work (Accessories)

89200

2Exchangeable grid plate for hanging in the frames of the Mobile Learning Trainer (MLT) (766 x 687 x 45 mm)

89217

3Exchangeable grid plate for hanging in the frames of the Mobile Learning Trainer (MLT) MLT (750 x 297 x 45 mm)

89218

4 Set of dowels 5/10 (100 pcs./set) D90203

5 Set of dowels 5/5 (100 pcs./set) D90204

6

Set of assembly accessories, consisting of: - Special dowels 5 x 5 mm, 100 pcs.

- Special dowels 5 x 10 mm, 100 pcs.

- Screws 3.5 x 12 mm, 100 pcs.

- Screws 3.5 x 20 mm, 100 pcs.

- Screws 3.5 x 30 mm, 100 pcs.

90055

n.ill. Basic set of cables and wiring material (accessories) 42211

2

3

4 / 5 / 6

Page 64: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

TESTING ELECTRICAL DEVICES

Courseware

Contents

Project 1:

Circuit types / circuit setup

Project 2:

Mounting of meter cabinet and subdistributor

Project 3:

Inspection in accordance with DIN VDE and creating a test protocol

64 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Testing Electrical Devices

AAus- und Weiterbildung GmbHELABOTrainingsSystemeELAABOELABOELABOTTrainingsSystemTrainingsSystemTrainingsSystemeee

®ELABOTrainingsSysteme GmbHIm Hüttental 11 85125 Kinding - GermanyTel.: +49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 - 0 Fax: +49 (0) 84 67/ 84 04 44E-Mail: [email protected]

TeachwareBest.-Nr.: 42 201

Lernfeld 2: InstallationstechnikBetriebsübergreifende Lösungen

Version 4.3

On paper and on CD!

Betriebsübergreifende Lösungen

Lernfeld 2: Installationstechnik

Lernfeld 2 Installationstechnik

Elektrische Installationen planen und ausführen

Betriebsübergreifende

Lösungen Version 4.3 – Best.-Nr. 42 201

Betriebsübergreifende Aufgaben

Lernfeld 2: Installationstechnik

Lernfeld 2 Installationstechnik

Elektrische Installationen planen und ausführen

Betriebsübergreifende

Aufgaben Version 4.3 – Best.-Nr. 42 200

Inbetriebnahme und Fehlersuche

Lernfeld 2: Installationstechnik

Lernfeld 2 Installationstechnik

Elektrische Installationen planen und ausführen

Inbetriebnahmeund Fehlersuche

Version 4.3 – Best.-Nr. 42 202

Präsentationshilfen

Lernfeld 2: Installationstechnik ELABOTrainingsSysteme GmbH

Aufbauplan Durchgängigkeit der Schutzleiter

21 3 4

5

No. Designation Order No.

1 Set of ETS ring binders 91903

2 Installation Technology Projects: Solutions 42201CD-ENG

3 Installation Technology Projects: Tasks 42200CD-ENG

4 Installation Technology Projects: Commissioning and Troubleshooting 42202CD-ENG

5 Installation Technology Projects: Presentation Aids 42203CD-ENG

6 Installation cabin ELA605A

ELA605A Installation cabins (1200 x 1000 x 2000 mm)

Training close to practice

The installation cabins measuring 1200 x 1000 x 2000 mm enable practical instruction

in switchboard writing. Surface installation with cable conduit around corners and over-

head can be practiced. The cabines that can be taken apart consist of a back wall, two

side walls and a ceiling.

Page 65: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

65

Installation cabins for practical training

6

Page 66: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

66 www.ets-didactic.de

Page 67: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

67

MEASURING AND TEST

INSTRUMENTS

Digital Multimeter / Analog Multimeter

Electric Testers and Current Clamp Meters

Installation and Appliance Testers

Power Quality Analyzers

Thermal Imager

Page 68: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

MEASURING AND TEST INSTRUMENTS

Digital Multimeter

68 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Measuring and Test Instruments

Technical Data (1)*

Mechanical safeguard against faulty operation

AC and DC voltages up to 1000 V

AC and DC current values up to 10 A

Frequency and capacitance

Temperature with PT-1000 sensor

Diode test and duty cycle

Auto-ranging

MAX / MIN and Data HOLD

AutoPowerOFF

Technical Data (2)

Voltages measuring ranges 0...100/300 mV/1 V=;

0 ... 3/10/30/100/300 V=/~

AC current range 0 ... 100 mA/1/10/100 mA/1/3 A = /~

Optional setting: Zero left / centre

Accessories

Compact Basis-Analog-Multimeter for die Ausbildung

The Multimeter meets the requirements on didactic as well as pro-

fesssional training and for balancing and service work as well.

No. Designation Order No.

1 Digital multimeter 90600

2 Analog multimeter 90200

1 2

Analog Multimeter

*Color variation of the holster possible.

Page 69: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

69

Page 70: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

MEASURING AND TEST INSTRUMENTS

Electric Testers and Clamp Meters

70 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Measuring and Test Instruments

Technical Data (1)

Voltage range of 40 up to 690 V

Frequency range: 15 Hz up to 400 Hz

“R”- and “L”- display

LCD display

Safety: IEC/EN61010-1, CAT III 600V

Power supply: directly by mains

Dimensions (L x W x H): 130 x 69 x 22 mm

Weight: ca. 130 g

Technical Data (2)

AC/DC voltage measurement

range of 12 V to 690 V AC/DC

Optical and acoustic continui-

ty tester

Phase rotation indicator

1-pole phase test

Polarity test

Big LCD display with

LED indicators

Bar graph display with white

LED

19 mm contact gap for

one-hand-test

Safety according to CAT IV

600V, CAT III 1000 V

1 2

600VCAT IV

VAC / DC

No. Designation Order No.

1 Phase rotation indicator 90284

2 Voltage tester and continuity tester 90603

3 True RMS leakage clamp 90604

Page 71: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

71

Technical Data (3)

Measurements in TRMS

AC TRMS current

Analog DC output 300 mV FS

Data HOLD

Auto HOLD

Peak Hold

Manual ranging

Automatic shutdown

3

ACTRMS

STROM

AnalogDC

output

DataHOLD

AutoHOLD

PeakHOLD

AUTO

TRMS

TRMS& Resolution

1 μA

Page 72: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

MEASURING AND TEST INSTRUMENTS

Installation and Appliance Testers

72 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Measuring and Test Instruments

AC voltage: measuring range: 500 V

Insulation resistance measurements:

Test voltages: 50 – 100 – 250 – 500 – 1000 V

Live circuit detection

Loop impedance measurement

Line impedance: phase to neutral

RCD circuit breaker test: Type A, AC, F

Earth resistance test (RE): measuring range 0...10 k .

Phase sequence

Internal memory function

Documentation of software

Visualisation of the device via PC

AC voltage: measuring range: 500 V

Insulation resistance measurements:

Test voltages: 50 – 100 – 250 – 500 – 1000 V

Live circuit detection

Loop impedance measurement

Line impedance: phase to neutral

RCD circuit breaker test: Type A, AC, F, B, B+

Earth resistance test (RE): measuring range 0...10 k .

Phase sequence

Internal memory function

Documentation of software

Visualisation of the device via PC

21

No. Designation Order No.

1 90220

2 90221

3 90222

4 90223

Page 73: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

73

AC voltage: measuring range: 500 V

Insulation resistance measurements:

Test voltages: 50 – 100 – 250 – 500 – 1000 V

Live circuit detection

Loop impedance measurement: phase to earth

Line impedance: phase to neutral

RCD circuit breaker test: Type A, AC, F, B, B+

Earthing resistance measurements (RE

Phase sequence measurements

Tests in IT systems: insulation monitoring devices

Testing of residual current monitoring devices

Software documentation

Visualisation of the device via PC

Measurement of RLO,

ZL-PE,

ZL-N,

RISO,

RE,

OFFSET management RL-PE

/ RN-PE

/ RL-N

Direct selection of measuring functions via rotary switches

RCD measurement Type A, AC, F, B, B+, EV, MI, G/R, SRCDs,

PRCDs

Display of allowable standardized fuse types for electrical installations

Measuring the phase sequence

(phase sequence: highest interlinked voltage)

Connection of RFID or barcode scanners

Individual measurement data memory and generation of a memo-

ry structure

Help function with circuit diagrams

Bidirectional data exchange per USB, DDS-CAD, epINSTROM

Measurement category CAT I II 600 V / CAT IV 300 V

International control guidance (12 languages)

ETC software (Electrical Testing Center), amongst others, for genera-

3 4

Page 74: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

74 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Measuring and Test Instruments

MEASURING AND TEST INSTRUMENTS

Appliance Tester in Protective Case for Testing

according to DIN VDE 0701-0702 and Accident Prevention Regulations DGUV

Technical Data

Testing according to:

Accident Prevention Regulations DGUV

DIN VDE 0701-02: Testing of electrical appliances / equiment

DIN VDE 0751 (EN 62353): Testing of medical electrical devices,

such as hopital beds etc.

Features:

- Indication and operation via large color LCD touchscreen

- Direct test sample / customer entry via touchscreen keypad

- One tester for testing devices acc. to VDE 0701-702 and VDE

0751 Type B, BF, CF tests

- Individual – easy setup of individual test procedures as template

- Measuring result with "pass/fail" indication

- Help function and schematic connecting diagrams

2 x USB interface for data exchange, RFID reader/writer and external

keyboard

1 x RS 232 interface for barcode scanner, printer / writer and

SD-card slot

Measurements:

- Measuring the protective conductor resistance

- Measuring the insulating resistance

- Protective conductor current / contact current

- Leakage current

- Load current

Device with touch function for data input, measurement data memory

1

No. Designation Order No.

1 Appliance tester in protective case for testing according to DIN VDE 0701-0702 and Accident Prevention Regulations DGUV 90227

(optinal)

Page 75: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

75

Single-phase Power Quality Analyzer

Technical Data

Measurements: True-rms voltage: 5 V – 1,250 V

True-rms current: 0.5 A – 400 A

Frequency: 40 Hz – 70 Hz

CF crest factor: 1.0 – 10.0

Power: Watt, VAR, VA: 250 W – 2.5 GW

Lamda, cos : 0.25 – 1.00

Harmonics: Voltage: 1st – 51st

Current: 1st – 51st

Power: 1st – 51st

Crest factor: 1st – 30th

Voltage drops and increase:Voltage and current

Transient recording: 40 ns pulse width

(above or below mains voltage)

Inrush current: ranges: 1 s – 5 min; 1 A – 1000 A

Resistance, capacitance, continuity:

Resistance: 500 W – 30 MW

Capacitance: 50 nF – 500 mF

Continuity

Temperature: only with accessories

Oscilloscope functions: DC, AC, AC+DC, peak-peak, Hz,

duty cycle, phase, pulse width, crest factor:

- Sampling rate: 25 MS/s

- Band width channel 1: 20 MHz (voltage)

- Band width channel 2: 15 kHz (current)

Memory: 20 screens

Recording parameters: V / A / HZ, power, harmonics, oscillo-

scope functions

- 4 min up to 16 days

Current clamp: 40 A: 0.5 A – 40 A / 400 A: 5 A – 400 A

USB interface cable

1

No. Designation Order No.

1 Single-phase Power Quality Analyzer 90290

Page 76: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

76 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Measuring and Test Instruments

MEASURING AND TEST INSTRUMENTS

Three-phase Mains and Power Quality Analyzer

Technical Data (1)

Measuring ranges: Voltage: 5 V – 1400 V

Current: 0.5 A – 400 A

Frequency: 42.5 Hz – 57.5 Hz

Crest factor: 1.0 – 10.0

Power: Watt, VAR, VA: 1.0 VA – 20.00 MVA

(depending on current clamp)

Lamda, cos : 0 – 1.00

Harmonics: Voltage: 1st – 49th harmonic

Current: 1st – 49th harmonic

Power: 1st – 49th harmonic

Crest factor: 0 – 100%

Voltage drops and increase: Voltage and current

Transient recording: 5 ms pulse width

(above or below mains voltage)

Inrush current: 7.5 s – 30 min; 0 A – 20 kA

(depending on current clamp)

Memory: 50 screens

Recording: Autotrend: up to 450 days

Current clamp: 40 A: 0.5 A – 40 A

400 A: 5 A – 400 A

Accessories: USB interface cable, test leads,

line voltage adapter / battery charger, software

No. Designation Order No.

1 Three-Phase Power Quality Analyzer 90291

2 Power Quality Clamp Meter 90292

3 Thermal imager 90298

1

AutoTrend automatically records all dis-

played parameters in the background.

Page 77: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

77

Power Quality Clamp Meter Thermal Imager

Technical Data (2)

Measuring ranges: True-rms voltage: 0 V – 825 V

True-rms current: 0.5 A – 1,400 A

Frequency: 15 Hz – 1 kHz

Power: Watt, VAR, VA: 0 VA – 1,200.00 kVA

Lamda, cos : 0.3 – 1.00

Harmonics: Voltage: 1st – 30th harmonic

Current: 1st – 30th harmonic

Power: 1st – 30th harmonic

Counter: Energy consumption [kWh]

Oscilloscope functions: Current: 10 A – 2,000 A

Voltage: 4 V – 1,000 V

Time base: 2.5 ms – 50 ms / div.

Inrush current: ranges: 40 A, 400 A, 2,000 A

Memory: 50 screens, 150,000 individual measurements

Accessories: USB interface cable, test leads,

line voltage adapter / battery charger, software

Technical Data (3)

Detector type: UFPA

Temperature indication resolution: <0.1°C @ 30°C

Field of vision (FOV): 17° x 17° (9mm lense)

Focus: Manual setting on lense

Refresh rate: 50 Hz

Display: 2.8”color LCD, 320 x 240 pxl

Picture in picture: IR image in the visual image

Temperature range: -20°C ÷ 350°C

Memory / Format: Micro SD card 8 GB for > 2000 images /

JPG

PC connection: USB 2.0 (for video and image transmission)

Accessories:

Li-ION accu, line voltage adapter / battery charger, 8 GB micro SD

card, USB cable, video cable, headphones, sturdy protective bag,

manual

2 3

phases are an indicator for dis-

symmetry, harmonic distortions,

failing components, poor con-

nections or wiring mistakes.

These may cause higher ener-

gy costs or damages on cables

-

res. Therefore, even minor tem-

-

out their root.

Page 78: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

78 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Quality is the Measure of All Success

ETS DIDACTIC GMBH is a symbol of high quality and outstanding

-

vertible, they can – thanks to the modular conception and the versatile

requirements and extended almost without limits.

Our high quality standards refer not only to the products from

ETS DIDACTIC GMBH, but especially also to the quality of the trai-

ning that customers achieve thanks to the use of ETS DIDACTIC

GMBH products. And in this, we also include the process quality:

ETS DIDACTIC GMBH supports procedures during the training that

are as problem-free as possible.

The solutions from ETS DIDACTIC GMBH can be matched to in-

dividual customer requirements to a great extent. Customers of

ETS DIDACTIC GMBH are suppored and accompanied in the success-

ful implementation of their training objectives by a comprehensive ran-

ge of services.

QUALITY IS THE MEASURE OF ALL SUCCESS

Inspiring technologies

Page 79: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

79

Page 80: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices Information and Consulting

80 www.ets-didactic.de

WE ARE HAPPY TO HELP

Information and Consulting

Page 81: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

81

We accompany you and are at

your side with active advice.

Whether you need information,

or some advice in advance of

making an investment, or have

questions regarding the daily use

of the products:

Contact us –

ETS DIDACTIC GMBH

Service-Center

Im Hüttental 11

85125 Kinding / Germany

Phone +49 8467 8404-0

Fax +49 8467 8404-44

[email protected]

www.ets-didactic.de

Customer-oriented solutions

Presentation, product demon-

strations and on-site consul-

tancy

Support in the selection of ed-

ucational systems according to

the syllabus requirement

Matching of the training sys-

tems to customer requirements

Working out room concepts

Designing ergonomic work-

stations

Experience

Comprehensive range of inno-

vative products

Systems and solutions from

our own (in-house) production

Development and design, tech-

nical training systems

Quality right from the consult-

ancy up to delivery and onward

Trainer seminars / In-house

training

References world-wide

Industrial educational institu-

tions

Vocational schools / techni-

cal school

Chambers of crafts

Technical colleges / Universities

We support you

Installation and commissioning

of the systems on-site

Technical support

Warranty and repairs

Instruction and training

Further education, training,

seminars

Comprehensive product docu-

mentation

Courseware for instructors

and trainees

Page 82: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

TROUBLESHOOTING IN PRACTICE

BST®–BuildingSystemsTrainer

82 www.ets-didactic.de

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices BST®–BuildingSystemsTrainer

Scan QR-code for more information on BST® VDE

Page 83: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

Mains Systems and Protective Measures

Safety Measure Board 43400

Set of ETS ring binders 91903

Electrical Protective Measures – Instructor's Manual 43410CD-Eng

Electrical Protective Measures – Student Manual 43411CD-Eng

Electrical Protective Measures – Presentation Aids 43412CD-Eng

TEChnOCard® – Electrical Protective Measures 43415-Eng

VDE Power Supply Board 43100

Main Distribution Board 43101

RCD Board 43102

universal RCD Board 43111

Sub-Distribution Board 43103

Transformer Board 43104

Insulation Monitor Board 43107

Set of ETS Ring Binders 91903

Mains Systems and Protective Measures – Instructor's Manual 43150CD-Eng

Mains Systems and Protective Measures – Student Manual 43151CD-Eng

Mains Systems and Protective Measures – Presentation Aids 43152CD-Eng

Set TEChnOCards® – Mains Systems and Protective Measures 43153-Eng

Software Protective Measures 90158

BST® Protective Measure 43503

BST® Installation Technologies 43504

Set of ETS Ring Binders 91903

Power Supply Systems BST® – Instructor's Manual 43510CD-Eng

Power Supply Systems BST® – Student Manual 43511CD-Eng

Power Supply Systems BST® – Presentation Aids 43512CD-Eng

Set TEChnOCards® – Mains Systems and Protective Measures 43513-Eng

Loads on the Neutral Conductor

Power Line Harmonics Board 43106

PC Measurement Interface 90272

Set of ETS Ring Binders 91903

loads on the neutral Conductor – Instructor's Manual 43130CD-Eng

loads on the neutral Conductor – Student Manual 43131CD-Eng

Set of TEChnOCards® – load on the neutral Conductor 43133-Eng

Testing Electrical Devices

Set of Appliance Simulators 42140

Appliance Simulator – Soldering Iron 42130

Appliance Simulator – Immersion Heater 42131

Appliance Simulator – Drill Machine 42132

Appliance Simulator – Computer 42133

Appliance Simulator – Cable Reel 42134

Appliance Simulator – Cooker 42135

Appliance Simulator – Coffee Machine 42136

Appliance Simulator – Radio 42137

Appliance Simulator – Power Supply 42138

Appliance Simulator – Washing Machine 42139

Plate for holding the Modules 20999

Set of ETS ring binders 91903

Testing Electrical Devices – Instructor's Manual 42150CD-Eng

Testing Electrical Devices – Student Manual 42151CD-Eng

Testing Electrical Devices – Presentation Aids 42152CD-Eng

Set of TEChnOCards® – Appliance Simulators 42154-Eng

Device Tester for DIn VDE 0701-0702 & Acc. Prev. Reg. DguV 90227

Mobile learning Trainer (MlT) - double workstation for projects 89200

Exchangeable grid plate for MLT (766 x 687 x 45 mm) 89217

Exchangeable grid plate for MLT (750 x 297 x 45 mm) 89218

Set of Dowels 5/10 (100 pcs./set) D90203

Set of Dowels 5/5 (100 pcs./set) D90204

Set of Fixing Material (screws / special dowels) 90055

Basic Set of Cables and Wiring Material 42211

Set of ETS Ring Binders 91903

Installation Technology Projects – Solutions 42201CD-Eng

Installation Technology Projects – Tasks 42200CD-Eng

Installation Technology Projects – Startup and Troubleshooting 42202CD-Eng

Installation Technology Projects – Presentation Aids 42203CD-Eng

Installation Cabin ElA605A

Laboratory Table ELABO Primus One TP 26.1

Measuring and Test Instruments

Digital Multimeter 90600

Analog Multimeter 90200

Phase Rotation Indicator 90284

Voltage and Lamp Tester 90603

True RMS Leakage Clamp 90604

Installation Tester for DIN VDE 0100 Profitest MBASE 90220

Installation Tester for DIN VDE 0100 Profitest MTECH 90221

Installation Tester for DIN VDE 0100 Profitest MXTRA 90222

Profitest INTRO – Tester for DIN VDE 0100-600/IEC 60364-6 90223

Appliance Tester for DIn VDE & Acc. Prevention Reg. DguV 90227

Single-phase Power Quality Analyzer 90290

Three-Phase Power Quality Analyzer 90291

Power Quality Clamp Meter 90292

Thermal Imager 90298

YOUR fAX ENQUIRY

83

Safety of Electrical Installations and Devices your Enquiry

ETS DIDACTIC gMBh

Im Hüttental 11

85125 Kinding / Germany

Tel.: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 - 0

Fax: + 49 (0) 84 67 / 84 04 44

Name, Position

firm / Institution / Authoriy

Street / Postbox

Post code / Place

Phone

Telefax

E-Mail

Our request for:

e Contact by telephone

e Information on seminars

e Consultation on site

e Offer on ....

Sub

ject

to te

chni

cal m

odifi

catio

ns a

nd fu

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ts

02

/ 20

17

Quant. Designation Order No. Quant. Designation Order No.

Page 84: SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND DEVICES

Im Hüttental 11 | 85125 Kinding | GermanyPhone +49 8467 8404-0 | Fax +49 8467 [email protected] | ets-didactic.de

ExcEllEncE In traInInG

Made

in

Germany

Sub

ject

to te

chni

cal m

odifi

catio

ns a

nd fu

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0

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