sail away group #11 members: scott donahoe mike lanteigne wallace barkhouse blair mackay supervisor...
TRANSCRIPT
Sail AwayGroup #11
Members:
Scott DonahoeMike LanteigneWallace BarkhouseBlair MacKay
Supervisor
Jimmy Chuang
Content1) Motivation and
Competition
2) DesignSteeringMast Sail Pontoons
3) Testing and Experiments
Motivation
1) Enjoyment of outdoors, kayaking and recreational activity
2) Renewable energy3) Innovative idea4) Interesting project involving many mechanical
aspects that the group will enjoy designing, building and finally testing
Retrieved from: “Sweet Clip Art” and “Clip art Graphics”
Competition
1) Cost2) Versatility
3) Compatibility4) Strength
COMPARISON CRITERIA
Retrieved from: “Triak Sports”
Safety
Criteria and Constraints
Criteria:
Constraints
• Safety• Operate in seas-state
three• Withstand 20 knot
winds• Steering Mechanism• Buoyant if flipped
• Easy transportation• Raise and lower mast• Materials corrosion
resistant
Retrieved from: “Observed Winds”
Retrieved from: “Pelletier”
Mast
Rear Mounted Rudder
Dual Pontoon / Single Support
Double Keel
Rudder
Rudder / Keel
Dual Pontoon / Support
Fixed Mast
Removable Slide on Mast
Curved Sail
Fixed Mast
Removable Slide on Mast
Removable - Hinged
Mast
Mast
Keel
Rudder
Sail
Support
PVC
Aluminum
Nylon
Wood/Fiberglass
Fiberglass
PVC Pipe
Aluminum
Plastic
Canvas
Fiberglass
Rudder
Sail
Stability
Sail Away
Mast
Rudder
Sail
Stability
Sail Away
Flow Chart
Rudder
Sail
Stability
Pontoon
Wood
Aluminum
Rudder and Keel
Mast DesignRemovable Hinged Mast:
Can be lowered and raised whilesitting in kayak
1 2 3
Mast CalculationsWeld StressApproximated as a square beam:• Weld stress too high to
support mast• Ribs will have to be
installed• Finite element analysis to
be done with ribsTube StressLimited by bending load:• 2 inch outer diameter• ¼ inch wall thickness• Stress = 43 MPa• Max Yield = 55 MPa
Mast Mounting
Bottom Hinge Mounted to Kayak:
• Bottom hinge plate mates to aluminum plate
• Aluminum plate mates to epoxy layer
• Epoxy layer mates to kayak
• Aluminum plate inside kayak
• Bolts run through whole assembly
• There may be an epoxy layer inside kayak to protect kayak frame
Connecting BoltsBottom Hinge Bracket
Exterior Mounting Plate
Epoxy Layer
Interior Mounting Plate
Sail Design
Hinge Mounted to Kayak:
• Custom made• 8 feet by 4 feet• 12 total attachment points
-10 along mast-2 along boom
• Mast attachment points are not rigid and slide with sail. (Similar to shower curtain rings)
• Top mast attachment is a rope to pulley, rigged to the deck near user
Wind Load CalculationsThe Bernoulli equation modified to suit our flow scenario is given as
Using a wind speed of 30 knots (SF 1.5) the expected pressure acting on our sail:= 153.63 Pa
Assuming that we have a uniform pressure distribution, the pressure on the sail can be treated as a point load at the sails centroid.
= 228N
1.4222 m
x 𝐹 𝑠
Moment ExperimentThe objective of the this experiment was to determine the moment required to tip our loaded kayak. o A weight was applied a distance of 1 meter
from the center of the kayako The kayak would lean as weights were added
Max Moment = 44.5 Nm acting on sail Pontoons
Needed !!!
Moment Results
Retrieved from: “Desktop Wallpapers”, “Trendy Pictures”, “Free Clip Art”
Pontoon Sizing
𝐹𝐵
1.4222 m
1.492 m
𝐹 𝑠
Counteract Tipping Moment
Using our point load found earlier and the geometry of our design the net buoyancy force needed to prevent tipping is 222 N
-
Pontoon Support Design
4’
4’
4’
4’
Kayak
• A Dual pontoon dual support system was to stabilize the kayak
• This would allow the user to paddle and still maintain the center of gravity
• Four foot spacing was calculated using the paddle length and angle of paddle
2* = horizontal length
= vertical length
= paddle length
(8’)
= paddle angle
(30)
x
y
Support Attachment
• The support is made of strapping welded to aluminum tubes on either side
• Each support will be attached to the kayak with four bolts and collars
• The support will be attached to the pontoons with modified C-clamps
AluminumMast
Nylon Sail
Aluminum Support
FiberglassPontoons
PlasticRudder
Cable to Lower mast
Bracket to Lower Mast
Weight ExperimentThe kayak was loaded with different weights to determine how much weight the kayak could hold
o The ultimate goal was to find the max weight the kayak could hold
o The weight added would mimic the material that would have to be added
o The weights were also distributed along the kayak
315 Pounds
Max Water Line
Unloaded175 Pounds
315 Pounds230 Pounds
0.0 175.0 210.0 230.0 245.0 265.0 315.00.0
5.0
10.0
15.0Distance from Max Water Plane
Weight Added (pounds)
Dis
pla
cem
en
t
Speed Experiment
Results and Conclusion
o The kayak was faster when it was not loaded with the extra weight.
o The loaded kayak was 17% slower
o The decrease in speed was significant, but was expected because of the added weight
o The actual decrease in speed will be different because of the drag of the keel.
The speed of the kayak was tested when loaded with the extra weight (55 Pounds) and unloaded.
175.00 230.002.502.602.702.802.903.003.103.203.30
Average Speed vs. Weight
Weight (Pounds)
Avera
ge S
peed
(m
/s)
Further ConsiderationsStress Analysis:
• Finite element analysis should be done for all load bearing components
• Bottom of mast is weakest and therefore most important
• Falling mast is dangerous to user
BudgetSystem Cost
Rudder and Keel 399.98$
Mast 227.60$
Sail 230.00$
Outriggers 344.20$
Kayak 300.00$
Total 1501.78$
ReferencesSeda - Rudder Options. N.d. Photograph. Seda- Strength, Speed, Spirit, Ensenada el Pescador, Baja
Mexico. Web. 20 Nov 2011. <http://www.sedakayak.com/sea_kayaks/rudders.html>.The triak - about the boat. . (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.triaksports.com/Black Sailboat Silhouette. N.d. Photograph. Sweet Clip ArtWeb. 4 Dec 2011.
<http://www.sweetclipart.com/black-sailboat-silhouette-61>Free Kayak Clipart. N.d.
Free Kayak Clipart. N.d. Photograph. Free Clipart GrpahicsWeb. 4 Dec 2011. <http://www.freeclipartnow.com/recreation/boating/kayak.jpg.html>.
Wave Desktop Wallpapers. N.d. Photograph. Desktop WallpapersWeb. 4 Dec 2011. <http://www.fwallpaper.net/wave-16.html>. Picture of Arrow. N.d. Photograph. Trendy PicturesWeb. 4 Dec 2011. <http://trendypicture.com/red-
arrow/15251/arrow-20red-203d-jpg.html>. Wind Clip Art. N.d. Photograph. Free Clip ArtWeb. 4 Dec 2011.
<http://95.143.192.212/nature/weather/wind/index.html>. Observed Winds. N.d. Photograph. Univeristy of IllinoisWeb. 4 Dec 2011.
<http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/maps/sfcobs/wnd.rxml>. Tammy Pelletier. When Do Ocean Waves Become 'Significant'? A Closer Look at Wave Forecasts . N.d.
Photograph. Mariners Weather LogWeb. 4 Dec 2011. <http://www.vos.noaa.gov
Thank You Shell
Questions?