salamanders of idaho ambystomatidae mole salamanders long-toed salamander long-toed salamander...
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Salamanders of Idaho
Ambystomatidae Mole Salamanders Long-toed Salamander
Barred Tiger SalamanderIdaho Giant Salamander
Plethodontidae Lungless Salamanders Coeur d’Alene Salamander
Salamandridae Newts Roughskinned Newt
Salamander Characteristics
Salamander Characteristics
Slender, Max length 4 inches (102mm)
Bulky, max length 13 inches (330mm)
Salamander Characteristics
Leonard et al. 1993
Salamander Characteristics
Leonard et al. 1993
Salamander Characteristics
Salamander Characteristics
Adult Salamanders
Ambystomatidae
Plethodontidae
Salamandridae
Long-toed Salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum
• Max length= 6.25 inches (160mm)
• SVL length= 3.5 inches (85 mm)
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• Rounded head
• Smooth skin
• Costal grooves present
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C.R. Peterson
C.R. Peterson
Long-toed Salamander Eggs
• Eggs laid in …
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• Either laid singly or in clusters
• Take 2-4 weeks to hatch into larvae
C.R. Peterson
Long-toed Salamander Larva
• Larval period lasts from 50 days - 14 months
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• Balancers present
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• Neoteny has not been observed
C.R. Peterson
Barred Tiger Salamander CharacteristicsAmbystoma mavortium
• Max length 13 inches (327mm)• SVL length 6.5 inches (162 mm)• • • Broad, rounded head• Small, protruding eyes• No nasolabial groove
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C.R. Peterson
Barred Tiger Salamander Eggs
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• Eggs hatch in 2-4 weeks
C.R. PetersonC.R. Peterson
Barred Tiger Salamander Larvae
• Larval stage can last from 10 weeks - 2 years
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• Lacks balancers
• ____________ does occur in this species
C.R. PetersonC.R. Peterson
Idaho Giant Salamander AdultDicamptodon aterrimus
• ______, max length 13 inches (330mm)
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• Inconspicuous costal grooves
• No nasolabial groove
• Smooth skin
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C.R. Peterson
Idaho Giant Salamander Eggs
Nussbaum, Brodie, and Storm. 1983.
• Eggs …
• Females will guard and protect eggs and larvae until they leave the nest chamber.
Dicamptodon ensatus
Idaho Giant Salamander Larvae
• Paedomorphic larvae may exceed 12” (300 mm) total length. • Larval period lasts from 18 - 24 months• • Lacks balancers• • • After 24 months, if no metamorphosis, larvae become paedomorphic
C.R. Peterson
Coeur d’Alene SalamanderPlethodon idahoensis
• Max length 4 inches (102mm)
• Yellowish dorsal stripe with uneven edges
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• Slender shape
• Smooth skin
• Slightly webbed toes
C.R. Peterson
C.R. Peterson
Coeur d’Alene Salamander Reproduction
• Eggs are laid in …
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Plethodon vandykei
W. P. LeonardC.R. Peterson
Rough-skinned NewtTaricha granulosa
• Max length 7.9 inches
(200mm)
• Dark brown dorsal coloration
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• No costal grooves
• No nasolabial groove
• Relatively small eyes
C.R. Peterson
C.R. Peterson
Rough-skinned Newt Larva
W.P. Leonard
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• External, feather-like gills
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• Eyes along outer margin of head
C.R. Peterson
Similar Species
Coeur d’Alene Salamander
Long-toed Salamander
C.R. Peterson
C.R. Peterson
C.R. Peterson
C.R. Peterson
W.P. Leonard
Tiger Salamander
W. P. Leonard
Idaho Giant Salamander
Similar Species
C.R. Peterson
Idaho Salamander
Eggs
Ambystomatidae
DicamptodontidaePlethodontidae
W. P. Leonard
Nussbaum, Brodie, and Storm. 1983.
C.R. Peterson
Idaho Salamander
Larvae
Ambystomatidae
Dicamptodontidae Salamandridae
W. P. Leonard
C.R. Peterson
C.R. Peterson
Salamander Distributions
Salamander Habitat
C.R. Peterson
Status and Conservation
• See species checklists• Idaho Department of Fish and Game – Conservation Data Center:
http://fishandgame.idaho.gov/cms/tech/CDC/
Conservation Status
Conservation Status
Taxa
GRank SRank ESA FSR1
FSR4 BLM IDFG Classification
Idaho Giant Salamander Dicamptodon aterrimus G3 S3 TYPE 3 Protected Nongame Species
Coeur d'Alene Salamander Plethodon idahoensis G4 S2 S TYPE 3
Protected Nongame Species
APPENDIX B: COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF IDAHO SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED.
Assignment: Download this document and use it to fill out
the species natural history tables.
Conservation Status
Detection / Collection Techniquesfor Salamanders
C.R. Peterson
Detection / Collection Techniquesfor Salamanders
Detection / Collection Techniquesfor Salamanders
C.R. Peterson
C.R. Peterson
Detection / Collection Techniquesfor Salamanders
C.R. Peterson
Detection / Collection Techniquesfor Salamanders
Detection / Collection Techniquesfor Salamanders
C.R. Peterson
Detection / Collection Techniquesfor Salamanders
C.R. Peterson
References
• Koch, E.D. and C.R. Peterson. 1996. Amphibians and Reptiles of Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. University of Utah Press.
• Leonard, W.P., H.A. Brown, L.C. Jones, K.R. McAllister, and R.M. Storm. 1993. Amphibians of Washington and Oregon. Seattle Audubon Society, Seattle, Washington.
• Nussbaum, R.A. E.D. Brodie, and R.M. Storm. 1983. Amphibians and reptiles of the Pacific Northwest. University Press of Idaho, Moscow. 332 p.
• Stebbins, R.C. 2003. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles andAmphibians. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston.
Further Information• Corkran, C.C. and C.R. Thoms. 1996. Amphibians of Oregon,
Washington, and British Columbia - A Field Identification Guide. Lone Pine Publishing, Vancouver, British Columbia.
• Digital Atlas of Idaho: http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/
• Groves, C. 1994. Idaho’s Amphibians and Reptiles. Nongame Leaflet # 7. Idaho Department of Fish and Game.
• Idaho Department of Fish and Game – Conservation Status: http://fishandgame.idaho.gov/tech/CDC/heritage_ranks.cfm
• Lannoo, M. 2006. Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press.
• Petranka, JW. 1998. Salamanders of the United States and Canada.
Review Question for Exam
• Be able to identify the Idaho species of salamanders without the use of any reference materials.
• Be able to describe the characteristics, distribution, habitat, activity patterns, diets, defensive adaptations, and reproductive habitats, and conservation status of the Idaho salamanders from memory.
15. Identify the family.
16. Identify the species.
17. What does this species eat?
18. What species of salamander might you find in this pond in southeastern Idaho?
19. How does this species defend itself ?