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TRANSCRIPT
Salim Murad Anna Maršíková
University of South Bohemia
MILAN KUNDERA
THE TRAGEDY OF CENTRAL EUROPE (1984)
Source: Kundera, M. ‘The Tragedy of Central Europe’ in: The New
York Review of Books (pre-1986), Vol. 31, No. 007 (Apr. 26, 1984).
ProQuest Central. (pp. 33–38)
Source: Kundera, M. ‘The Tragedy of Central Europe’ in: The New
York Review of Books (pre-1986), Vol. 31, No. 007 (Apr. 26, 1984).
ProQuest Central. (pp. 33–38)
Source: Kundera, M. ‘The Tragedy of Central Europe’ in: The New York
Review of Books (pre-1986), Vol. 31, No. 007 (Apr. 26, 1984). ProQuest
Central. (pp. 33–38)
Source: Kundera, M. ‘The Tragedy of Central Europe’ in: The New York
Review of Books (pre-1986), Vol. 31, No. 007 (Apr. 26, 1984).
ProQuest Central. (pp. 33–38)
Once Czechoslovakia was one of the most heterogenious
countries in all Europe and nowadays the Czech Republic is in
reverse – one of the most homogenious coutries in Europe.
Before the Second World War in there were Czechs, Slovaks,
Germans, Jews, Hungarians, Roma People, Poles and others.
When today native minorities make up 2 % of population. And
another 2% of foreign born population. /But it can likely change
again in EU/. As a result, especially after the split of
Czechoslovakia Czechs can ask the famous ironic question of
political scientist Petr Pithart “Are we finally alone?”
The Czech Republic – ethnically heterogenious
past vs ethnically homogenious presence
And what about the future?
National minorities in the past
1938 – Germany, Sudetenland
March 1939 the Protectorate of Bohemia
and Moravia
Slovakia was declared an independent state
1945 - Czechoslovakia regained its
status
1948 - Communist Party took over the
government, totalitarian regime
1945 – Displacement of Germans
The Czech Republic in 2012
10, 548, 527 inhabitants (September 2011)
Ethnic groups
Czech 90.4 %, Moravian 3.7%, Slovak 1.9%,
other 4% (2001 census)
Czech 63.7 %, Moravian 4.9 %, Slovak 1.4 %,
other (not filled) 30 % (2011 census)
○ Roma
Census 2001: 11 476
Census 2011: 5 199
Religion
predominantly Roman-Catholic (39.2%),
a large proportion of the population are
atheists (39.7%)
Census 2011
Roman-catholic: 1 083 899
Protestants: 110 246
Ortodox Church: 20 628
Jehovah's Witnesses: 13 097
Greek-catholic 9 927
Jedi: 15 070
Islam: 1 943
Religion – the Czech Republic
Belief that there is a God... (Eurobarometer 2005)
(Source: Drbohlav 2010: 30)
Zdroj: (Studio Designiq)
Source: Czech Statistical Office, 2013a Czech Statistical Office. 2013a. Foreigners: Number of foreigners. [online] Latest update 12-02-2013. Available at: <http://www.czso.cz/csu/cizinci.nsf/engkapitola/ciz_pocet_cizincu> [Accessed 11-05-2013].
Source: Czech Statistical Office, 2012a Czech Statistical Office. 2012a. Foreigners: External and internal migration. [online] Latest update 23-04-2012. Available at: <http://www.czso.cz/csu/cizinci.nsf/engkapitola/ciz_migrace> [Accessed 11-05-2013].
Top 5 Citizenship of Foreigners in the CR
Source: Ministry of Interior
Source: Czech Statistical Office, 2013b Czech Statistical Office. 2013b. Foreigners: Acquisition of Czech citizenship. [online] Latest update 13-02-2013. Available at: <http://www.czso.cz/csu/cizinci.nsf/engkapitola/ciz_nabyvani_obcanstvi> [Accessed 11-05-2013].
The Czech Republic, is according to statistics, the most stringent of the EU with
regard to the acquisition of citizenship. It has the absolute lowest rate of newly
acquired citizenship in relation to the number of legally resident aliens, and together
with Lithuania, Slovakia, Poland and Turkey has the lowest number of newly
acquired citizenship in relation to the total population of the Czech Republic (Pavel
Čižinský, Multikulturní centrum Praha 2012)
Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Citizenship
granted 1 059 1 121 1 150 1 267 1 495 1 177 1 355 1 027 1 087 1 017 947
Number of Granted Czech Citizenship
(without Slovaks)
Source: Ministry of Interior
About 38 % of the economically active population in
the Czech Republic is working in the industrial sector
which represents the highest share in an EU country.
– Jan Schroth Source: IOM (Schroth Migration and the Labour Markets in the European Union (2000 –
2009) Czech Republic
Prime Minister Petr Nečas recently concluded, the
Czech Republic is a small very open and very export
oriented economy (Nečas 2012). In 2012, the GDP of
the Czech Republic will be nearly 80% dependent on
exports. In neighbouring Germany, which is also
considered to be a pro-export economy, the share of
export expressed as a share of GDP is only 50%. The
impact of export on GDP makes the Czech Republic
one of the countries with the largest exports of goods
and services in GDP not only in Europe but globally
(Nečas 2012).
ing. Jaroslav Hanák, chairman of Czech
Transport Association: talked about thousands of
lacking drivers, about the decrease in population curve, about the fact that
the Association had done maximum when promoting the so-called green
cards and he also expressed that: “ …the elaborated
study says that by the year 2020 there
must come (to the Czech Republic) four
hundred thousand and by year 2030
eight hundred thousands people from
abroad. The number of people would not
be born in the Czech Republic and they
would be missed here.”
Author of this text can provide audio recording of both the programmes from 13. 9. 2007 on Rádio Česko.
At 31 August 2008 had a total number of 128,934 foreign nationals
from third countries, valid work permit at the end of 2011, only
36,792 foreigners from third countries (minus 88,000!). In the
same period number of „trade license holders“ increased nearly
of16,000 foreigners, the vast majority of them were former
employees who lost their job. According to the report of the Ministry
of Interior on migration and integration in 2011 in this period
voluntarily returned less than a thousand foreigners. Due to the
unavailability of accurate data we can only guess that most of the
missing 65,000 foreigners moved into the informal economy, in
other words into illegality, and probably significantly smaller portion
spontaneously left the Czech Republic Source: Rozumek Martin Český „boj“ proti nelegálnímu zaměstnávání cizinců.
Organizace pro pomoc uprchlíkům a multikulturní centrum Praha 7. 1. 2013
Labour immigration and the Czech Republic in times
of economic crisis
Response of the state?
Source: Czech Statistical Office, 2012b Czech Statistical Office. 2012b. Foreigners: Employment. [online] Latest update 20-04-2012. Available at: <http://www.czso.cz/csu/cizinci.nsf/engkapitola/ciz_zamestnanost> [Accessed 11-05-2013].
Attitudes Towards Immigrants
Are citizens of different nationality that
came recently a problem? (whole country)
Yes, they are
No, they are not
Don´t know
Source:Naše spolecnost 2013; CVVM Sociologický ústav AV CR,
v.v.i.
Yes, they are
No, they are not
Don´t know
Are citizens of different nationality that
came recently a problem? (in area of your
residence)
Source:Naše spolecnost 2013,; CVVM Sociologický
ústav AV CR, v.v.i.
Source: Ministry of Interior
0 20 40 60 80 100
Jews
Numerous family
Different race
Emotionally unstable
Muslims
Homosexuals
People with AIDS
Left-wing extremist
Immigrants
Right-wing extremist
Roma
Alcoholics
Criminals
Addict on narcotics
Whom Czechs would prefer not to have as a neighbour
Source: IVVM 2000: Katrňák T. a Rabušic L. Anomie a vztah k minoritám v české společnosti In Menšiny a marginalizované
skupiny v České republice, MU Brno 2002
HOW WOULD YOU SUPPORT HAVING … FOR A
NEIGHBOUR? (in %)
Very well, without
problems STEM. On-line at:
http://www.stem.cz/clanek/2195.
[Accessed on August 17th, 2012] With difficulties
I wouldn´t find it pleasant
I would consider it unacceptable
Slovak
Englishman
Frenchman
Pole
American
German
Jew
Volynian or Kazakh Czech
Inhabitants of former
Yugoslavia Vietnamese
Chinese
Russian
Ukrainian
Afghan
Arab
Chechen
Roma
Thank you for your attention